Tabel Proteksi
Tabel Proteksi
TABEL PROTEKSI PADA SALURAN TRANSMISI Macam Proteksi Over current Protection Klas waktu dan Arus Directional atau tidak directional Uraian Merupakan pengaman utama untuk saluran untuk distribusi saluran dan back-up dimana utama,
pengaman utamanya adalah jarak atau tipe lain yang cepat Waktunya minimum rele inverse definite dipilih untuk sistem waktu yang sempit Rele Instantaneous untuk arus
Pengaman untuk
gangguan
ke
tanah
terpisah yang ditambahkan hanya kebutuhan pengaman gangguan phasa ke tanah Pengaman Jarak Lebih cepat dari pengaman over current. Kombinasinya tergantung pada panjang saluran yang on Pilot wiredifferential protection Untuk saluran transmisi yang
panjang (minimal 10 km) Carrier Current Protection Untuk saluran transmisi yang
panjang dan sering terbukanya CB TABEL PROTEKSI PADA GENERATOR No Macam Proteksi Kurang Diatas Diatas Diatas
1
TABEL PROTEKSI
. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Differential Restriced earth fault Stator turn to turn fault Time Over Current Temperature (thermo-detector) Negative sequence Current Loss of Load Loss of input-antiMotoring Loss of field Loss of synchronism Over speed Over voltage Rotor earth fault Back-up overcurrent Bearing temperature Bearing insulation
dari 1 MW
1 MW
1 MW * *
1 MW * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
* *
1.
TABEL PROTEKSI
panas
imbedded in stator slots and cooling system. Stator overload protection with overcurrent relay Negative sequence protection untuk mesin yang besar. Overload protection untuk mesin yang kecil Blased differential protection, sensitive earth fault protection, inter turn fault protection
2.
Beban tidak seimbang, tekanan pada kumparan dan poros, panas berlebihan yang memperpanjang hubung singkat. pada Kumparan terbakar, pengelasan pada inti laminasi, mati
3.
No.
Pengaruh
Pengaman
4.
Satu gangguan tidak berbahaya, kedua gangguan menyebabkan ketidakseimbanga n tekanan magnet
TABEL PROTEKSI
yang menyebabkan kerusakan shaft 5. Kehilangan medan magnet trip dan bearing. Generator jalan sebagai generator mendapat eksitasi arus dari bus-bar. Kecepatan 6. Generator berubah jadi motor. Saat inpit dari prime mover berhenti, generator mangambil daya dari bus-bar dan berubah menjadi motor sinkron pada 7. keadaan yang sama Over voltage bertambah Pengaruhnya tergantung pada prime mover yang on dan jumlah daya yang diambil dari bus-bar saat berubah jadi motor Isolasi terbakar Ligthning arrester tersambung pada terminal generator. Reverse power protection by directional power relays detect the reversal of power Loss of field atau field failure protection
TABEL PROTEKSI current relay 3. Reverse power relay (only for back pressure turbines) Steam Engine or Diesel Engine 1. Time graded earth fault relay 2. Time graded over current relay 3. Reverse power 1. 1000 KVA to 5000 KVA Steam Turbine Balanced earth fault relay or Differential protection (Merz-Price) 2. Reverse power (only back pressure turbine) 1. Balanced earth fault relay or Differential protection (Merz-Price) 2. over voltage protection normal power rating
20 percent full load current 125 percent full load current 10 to 20 percent of its normal power rating 10 to 25 percent full load current 10 to 25 percent full load current 10 to 25 percent full load current
1.
Water Turbine
10 to 25 percent full load current 10 to 25 percent full load current 10 percent of normal voltage
1.For unattended elations, protection against field failure Setting 20 to 30 percent of the normal excitation. 2.Neutral isolating switch or automatic neutral breaker
Generator Rating 1
Type of Drive 2
TABEL PROTEKSI 1. Differential protections (Merz-Price) or Time graded earth fault relay 2. Phase unbalance 3. Reverse power (only back pressure turbine) 1. Differential protections or Time graded earth fault relay 2.Over voltage Water Turbine 10 to 25 percent full load current 20 percent full load current 10 to 25 percent negative phase sequence only 10 to 25 percent full load current 10 to 25 percent full load current 20 percent full load current 10 percent of normal voltage 1. Field earth fault for protecting 96% of the field winding (only for generator above 20.000 KVA) 2.Automatic field suppression switch 3.Automatic neutral breaker. 1.For unattended station protection against field failure, Sotting 20 to 30 percent normal excitation 2.Filed earth fault for protecting 96% of the field winding. 3. Automatic field suppression switch 3.Automatic neutral breaker.
Steam Turbine
TABEL PROTEKSI Incipient faults below oil level resulting in decomposition of oil, faults between phases and between phase and ground 1. Buchholz relay trips the Large internal faults phase to phase, phase to ground, below oil level circuit breaker 2. Merz Price percentage differential protection 3. High speed high set overcurrent relay 1. Merz Price percentage Earth faults differential protection 2. Earth fault relay Buchholz relay too slow and less sensitive Merz Price percentage differential protection used for transformers of and above 5 MVA For transformer of and above 5 MVA a. Instantaneous Restricted E.F. Relay b. Time lag E.F Relay 1. Graded time lag over Through faults current relay 2. H.V Fuses Protection of distribution transformer Small distribution transformer up to 500 KVA 1. Thermal overload relay Overloads 2. Temperature relays sound alarm Generally temperature indicators are provided on the transformers. Temp. increase is indicated on control board also. Fans started at certain temp. Buchholz relay sounds alarm (Gas actuated relay) Buchholz relay used for transformer of rating 500 KVA and above
Remarks Not favoured for important transformer In addition to L.A.s for incoming lines
TABEL PROTEKSI protection. Overload protection generally not provided For more important transformers of about 500 KVA Over current relays Transformers in important locations ratings 500 KVA and above Instantaneous earth fault relays Restricted earth fault protection Over urrent protection Buchholz relay
Generator protection
TABEL PROTEKSI
Negative phase sequence protection againstunbalanced loading*** Inter-turn fault protection Reverse power protection Field failure protection** Rotor earth fault protection Temperature sensors in slots*** Overcurrent relays in stator and rolar circuits Lightning arrester for generator overvolatage protection Protection of unit auxiliary transformer Differential protection* Restricted earth fault protection* Buchholz relay Overcurrent protection Winding and oil temperature sensors Protection of main transformer HV overcurrent protection* HV Restricted earth fault protection* Buchholz relay Winding and oil temperature sensors Lightning arresters on HV side
Continous monitoring of outlet temperature of gaseous or liquid coolants Flow monitors Low noiler pressure alarm/trip Lubrication oil failure
10
TABEL PROTEKSI
Emergency trip * ** *** Low vacuum Trip generator c.b., close throttle valves, open field c.b.,open auxiliary c.b Close emergency throttle valves main c.b. opened only after operation of interlocking reverse power relay Trip main circuit breaker only
Overload
11
TABEL PROTEKSI
Differential protection
becomes economical for motors above about 1200 HP. Below this high set instantaneous protection is preferred
Undervoltage
undervoltage release
undervoltage relays
Abnormal condition
Remarks
Single Phasing
12
TABEL PROTEKSI
Stalling
thermal relays Instantaneous O.C Relays Instantaneous overcurrent relays - only for motors
Rotor Faults
13