TABEL PROTEKSI

TABEL PROTEKSI PADA SALURAN TRANSMISI

Macam Proteksi
Over current Protection

Uraian
Merupakan pengaman utama untuk

Klas waktu dan Arus

saluran

distribusi

Directional atau

untuk

tidak directional

pengaman utamanya adalah jarak

saluran

dan

back-up

utama,

dimana

atau tipe lain yang cepat

Waktunya

minimum

rele

inverse

definite dipilih untuk sistem waktu

yang sempit

Rele Instantaneous untuk arus

Proteksi gangguan ke tanah

Pengaman

gangguan

ke

tanah

terpisah yang ditambahkan hanya

untuk

kebutuhan

pengaman

gangguan phasa ke tanah

Pengaman Jarak

Lebih cepat dari pengaman over

current.

Kombinasinya

tergantung

pada panjang saluran yang on

Pilot wiredifferential protection

Untuk

saluran

transmisi

yang

panjang (minimal 10 km)

Carrier Current Protection

Untuk

saluran

transmisi

yang

panjang dan sering terbukanya CB

Teknik Elektro ITS

TABEL PROTEKSI

TABEL PROTEKSI PADA GENERATOR

No.

Macam Proteksi

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Differential
Restriced earth fault
Stator turn to turn fault
Time Over Current
Temperature

6.

(thermo-detector)
Negative sequence

7.
8.

Current
Loss of Load
Loss of input-anti-

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

Motoring
Loss of field
Loss of synchronism
Over speed
Over voltage
Rotor earth fault
Back-up overcurrent
Bearing temperature
Bearing insulation

Kurang dari

Diatas

Diatas

Diatas

1 MW

1 MW

1 MW
*
*

1 MW
*
*
*

*
*

*
*

*
*
*
*
Hanya untuk hydrogenerator
Hanya untuk hydrogenerator
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

TABEL BEBARAPA KONDISI TIDAK NORMAL

DAN SISTEM PENGAMANNYA
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TABEL PROTEKSI

No.

1.

Kondisi tak normal

Pengaruh

Pengaman

Panas Kelebihan

Kumparan stator

Thermocouples atau

beban

dan isolasi rusak

resistance

beban naik terus

karena terlalu

thermometer

sistem pendingin

panas

imbedded in stator

rusak

slots and cooling

system.

Stator overload
protection with
2.

Gangguan diluar

Beban tidak

overcurrent relay
Negative sequence

Generator

seimbang, tekanan

protection untuk

pada kumparan

mesin yang besar.

dan poros, panas

3.

Gangguan pada stator:

berlebihan yang

Overload protection

memperpanjang

untuk mesin yang

hubung singkat.
Kumparan

kecil
Blased differential

antar phasa

terbakar,

protection, sensitive

phasa ke tanah

pengelasan pada

earth fault protection,

inter turn

inti laminasi, mati

inter turn fault

protection

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TABEL PROTEKSI

No.

4.

Kondisi tak normal

Pengaruh

Pengaman

Rotor gangguan ke

Satu gangguan

Rotor earth-fault

tanah

tidak berbahaya,

Protection

kedua gangguan
menyebabkan
ketidakseimbangan
tekanan magnet
yang menyebabkan
kerusakan shaft
5.

Kehilangan medan

dan bearing.
Generator jalan

Loss of field atau field

magnet

sebagai generator

failure protection

CB medan magnet

induksi yang

trip

mendapat eksitasi
arus dari bus-bar.
Kecepatan

6.

Generator berubah

bertambah
Pengaruhnya

Reverse power

jadi motor.

tergantung pada

protection by

Saat inpit dari prime

prime mover yang

directional power

mover berhenti,

on dan jumlah

relays detect the

generator mangambil

daya yang diambil

reversal of power

daya dari bus-bar dan

dari bus-bar saat

berubah menjadi

berubah jadi motor

motor sinkron pada

7.

keadaan yang sama

Over voltage

Isolasi terbakar

Ligthning arrester
tersambung pada

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TABEL PROTEKSI

terminal generator.

Table
Types of protection for Generators and their setting
Generator
Rating
1

Type of Drive

Type of protection used

3
1.
Time graded earth fault
relay
2.
Time graded over
current relay
3.
Reverse power relay
(only for back pressure
turbines)

Steam
Turbine
Below
1000 KVA
Steam
Engine
or
Diesel
Engine

1000 KVA
to
5000 KVA

1000 KVA
to
5000 KVA

Steam
Turbine

Water
Turbine

Teknik Elektro ITS

Suggested fault current

setting
4
20 percent full load
current
125 percent full load
current
10 to 20 percent of its
normal power rating

Protection for exciter

circuit and neutral
5
1.
Neutral
isolating switch
2.
Field switch
in the exciter field
circuit

1. Time graded earth

fault relay
2. Time graded over
current relay
3. Reverse power

20 percent full load

current
125 percent full load
current
10 to 20 percent of its
normal power rating

1. Neutral isolating
switch
2. Field switch in the
exciter field circuit

1.

Balanced earth
fault relay or
Differential protection
(Merz-Price)
2.
Reverse power
(only back pressure
turbine)

10 to 25 percent full
load current
10 to 25 percent full
load current
10 to 25 percent full
load current

1.

1. Balanced earth fault

relay or
Differential protection
(Merz-Price)
2. over voltage
protection

10 to 25 percent full
load current
10 to 25 percent full
load current
10 percent of normal
voltage

1.For unattended
elations, protection
against field failure
Setting 20 to 30
percent of the normal
excitation.
2.Neutral isolating
switch or automatic
neutral breaker

Neutral
isolating switch
or
Automatic neutral
breaker

TABEL PROTEKSI

Generator
Rating
1

Above
5000 KVA

Type of Drive
2

Steam
Turbine

Type of protection used

3
1. Differential protections
(Merz-Price)
or
Time graded earth fault
relay
2. Phase unbalance
3. Reverse power (only
back pressure turbine)
1. Differential protections
or
Time graded earth fault
relay
2.Over voltage

Water
Turbine

Teknik Elektro ITS

Suggested fault current

setting
4
10 to 25 percent full
load current
20 percent full
load current
10 to 25 percent
negative phase
sequence only
10 to 25 percent full
load current
10 to 25 percent full
load current
20 percent full
load current
10 percent of normal
voltage

Protection for exciter

circuit and neutral
5
1. Field earth fault for
protecting 96% of the
field winding (only for
generator above
20.000 KVA)
2.Automatic field
suppression switch
3.Automatic neutral
breaker.
1.For unattended
station protection
against field failure,
Sotting 20 to 30
percent normal
excitation
2.Filed earth fault for
protecting 96% of the
field winding.
3. Automatic field
suppression switch
3.Automatic neutral
breaker.

TABEL PROTEKSI

Table Power Transformer Protection

Abnormal Condition
Incipient faults below oil level

Protection
Buchholz relay sounds

Remarks
Buchholz relay used for

resulting in decomposition of oil,

alarm (Gas actuated relay)

transformer of rating 500 KVA

faults between phases and between

and above

phase and ground

Large internal faults phase to phase,

phase to ground, below oil level

1. Buchholz relay trips the

Buchholz relay too slow and less

circuit breaker
2. Merz Price percentage

sensitive
Merz Price percentage

differential protection

differential protection used for

3. High speed high set

transformers of and above 5 MVA

overcurrent relay

Earth faults

1. Merz Price percentage

For transformer of and above 5

differential protection
2. Earth fault relay

MVA
a. Instantaneous Restricted
E.F. Relay
b. Time lag E.F Relay

Through faults

1. Graded time lag over

Protection of distribution

current relay
2. H.V Fuses

transformer
Small distribution transformer up
to 500 KVA

Overloads

1. Thermal overload relay

Generally temperature indicators

are provided on the transformers.

2. Temperature relays
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Temp. increase is indicated on

7

TABEL PROTEKSI
sound alarm

control board also. Fans started

at certain temp.

Abnormal Condition
High Voltage Surges due lightning,

Protection
1. Horn gaps

Remarks
Not favoured for important

2. Lightning arresters

transformer
In addition to L.A.s for incoming

switching

lines
Only fuses for earth fault protections and phase fault
protection. Overload protection generally not
Small distribution transformer

provided
For more important transformers of about 500 KVA
Over current relays

Transformers in important locations ratings 500

Instantaneous earth fault relays

Restricted earth fault protection

KVA and above

Over urrent protection

Buchholz relay

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TABEL PROTEKSI

Table Protection of Large Generator Transformer Unit

Protection of Generator

Generator-transformer overall differential protection*

Transformer together

Generator protection

Generator differential protection*

Stator earth fault protection*
Negative phase sequence protection againstunbalanced loading***
Inter-turn fault protection
Reverse power protection
Field failure protection**
Rotor earth fault protection
Temperature sensors in slots***
Overcurrent relays in stator and rolar circuits
Lightning arrester for generator overvolatage protection

Protection of unit

Differential protection*

auxiliary transformer

Restricted earth fault protection*

Buchholz relay
Overcurrent protection
Winding and oil temperature sensors

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TABEL PROTEKSI

Protection of main

HV overcurrent protection*

transformer

HV Restricted earth fault protection*

Buchholz relay
Winding and oil temperature sensors
Lightning arresters on HV side

Protection of Generator

Generator-transformer overall differential protection*

Transformer together

Preventive measures

Continous monitoring of outlet temperature of gaseous

sound alarm on control

or liquid coolants

panel

Flow monitors
Low noiler pressure alarm/trip
Lubrication oil failure
Emergency trip

Low vacuum
Trip generator c.b., close throttle valves, open field c.b.,open auxiliary c.b

**

Close emergency throttle valves main c.b. opened only after operation of
interlocking reverse power relay

***

Trip main circuit breaker only

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TABEL PROTEKSI

Protection Chart for Induction Motors

Abnormal

Alternate forms of protections

condition

from which choice is made

Overload

Remarks

Overload release

- overload protection givem for

Thermal overload relays

almost all motors

Inverse overcurrent relays

Miniature circuit breaker

with built in trip

Phase fault and

HRC fuses

earth faults

High set instantaneous

becomes economical for

overcurrent relays

motors above about 1200

Differential protection

HP. Below this high set

Differential protection

instantaneous protection is
preferred

Undervoltage

undervoltage release

undervoltage release
incorporated every
starter

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TABEL PROTEKSI

undervoltage relays

undervoltage relays used

in certain applications

Unbalanced

Voltage
Reverse phase

Negative phase sequence

relay

Phase reversal relays

only in special
applications

sequence

Generally at support
point

Prevents reverse of
running

Abnormal

Alternate forms of protections

condition

Single Phasing

from which choice is made

-

Stalling

Rotor Faults

Remarks

Usual thermal overload

Recently developed

relays

static single phasing

Special single phase

devices becoming

preventer

popular

thermal relays

Instantaneous O.C Relays

Instantaneous overcurrent

- only for motors

relays

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TABEL PROTEKSI

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