ELEMEN SEGIEMPAT 4 NODE

ISOPARAMETRIK
y

4 (-1, 1)

3 (1, 1)

2
1
KOORDINAT GLOBAL

1 (-1, -1)

2 (1, -1)

KOORDINAT NATURAL

SHAPE FUNCTION (ISOPARAMETRIK)

u = N1 u1 + N2 u2 + N3 u3 + N4 u4 ..
(1)
v = N1 v1 + N2 v2 + N3 v3 + N4 v4 ..
(2)
X = N1 X1 + N2 X2 + N3 X3 + N4 X4 ..
(3)
Y = N1 Y1 + N2 Y2 + N3 Y3 + N4 Y4 ..
(4)

(1 s )(1 t )
N1
4
(1 s )(1 t )
N3
4

RESPON
PERPINDAHAN
INTERPOLASI
KOORDINAT

(1 s )(1 t )
N2
4

(1 s )(1 t )
N4
4

DERIVATION OF STRAIN
u u

s X
u u

t X

X u Y

s Y s
X u Y

t Y t

X
s
X

Y
s
Y

u
u
X
s
u u

Y
t

u
Y
X
1 t
u X
J

Y
t

s
X

u
s
u

JACOBIAN DETERMINANT
4
4
4
4
N i
N i
N i
N i
Y X Y X

Yi
Xi
Yi
Xi
J

t s s t
i 1 t
i 1 s
i 1 s
i 1 t

N i N j N i N j
Yi

X j Y1 Y2
s t
i
j
t s

1
J X1
8

X2

X3

X4

Y3

X1
X
2
Y4 a

X3
X 4

s 1 Y1
0
s 1 (t s ) Y2

s t ( s 1)
0
t 1 Y3

st
(1 t )
0 Y4
1 s
0
t 1

1 t

ts

u
1 Y u Y u
x

X
J t s s t
1

u1
u

Y4 a 2
u3
u4

N i N j N i N j
1

Yi

u j J Y1 Y2 Y3
s t
i 1 j 1
t s
4

v 1 X v X v
y

Y
J t s s t
N i N j N i N j 1
1 4 4

Xi

v j J X1 X 2
J i 1 j 1
s t
t s

xy

u v

Y X

1
X1

X2

X3

u1
u
2

1
X 4 a Y1 Y2
J
u3
u 4

Y3

X3

v1
v
2

X 4 a

v3
v4

Y4 a

v1
v
2
v3
v4

MATRIK
MATRIK B
B

u
X
v
Y

u1
v
1
u2

v2
y
B

u3
xy u v
v3
Y X

u4
v
4
B12 B14 B16 B18 0
B21 B23 B25 B27 0

1
Y24 sY43 tY32
B11 B32
8J
1
Y31 sY34 tY14
B13 B34
8J

1
Y42 sY12 tY41
B15 B36
8J
1
Y13 sY21 tY23
B17 B38
8J
1
X 42 sX 34 tX 23
B22 B31
8J
1
X 13 sX 43 tX 41
B24 B33
8J
1
X 24 sX 21 tX 14
B26 B35
8J
1
X 31 sX 12 tX 32
B28 B37
8J

MATRIK
MATRIK KK
DIFFERENSIAL VOLUME = (THICKNESS).(DIFFERENSIAL AREA)

d = h dX dY = h |J| ds dt

[k ] h [B] [C] [B] dX dY h [B] [C] [B] J ds dt

T

A*

= W1W1 [B(s1, t1)]T [C] [B(s1, t1)] |J(s1, t1)|

+ W1W2 [B(s1, t2)]T [C] [B(s1, t2)] |J(s1, t2)|
+ W2W1 [B(s2, t1)]T [C] [B(s2, t1)] |J(s2, t1)|
+ W2W2 [B(s2, t2)]T [C] [B(s2, t2)] |J(s2, t2)|
t
s1, t2

s1, t1

s2, t2

s2, t1

s1 = t1 = -0,577
s2 = t2 = 0,577

W1 = W2 = 1

CONTOH KASUS
y
4 (2,9)
Steel
E=30(106)psi
=0,3
h=0,1
1 (2,2)

3 (8,6)

10 lb
5 lb

2 (8,3)

HITUNG :
1. Displacement
Node 2 & 3
2. & di Node 1

MENGHITUNG MATRIK
B

Dengan memasukkan koordinat masing-masing node, didapatkan :

1
6 3s 3t
B11 B32
8J
1
4 3s 7t
B13 B34
8J
1
6 s 7t
B15 B36
8J
1
4 s 3t
B17 B38
8J

1
8J
1
B24 B33
8J
1
B26 B35
8J
1
B28 B37
8J

B22 B31

6 6s
6 6s
6 6s
6 6s

Jacobian Node 1 (s1= -0,577 ; t1= -0,577)

2
3

1.577
0
0.423
1.154

1

9,231
J 2 8 8 2

0 0.423 0
0.423 6
8

1.577 1.154 0.423 0 9

0

1.577

1.577

Matrik B11 s/d B38 di Node 1 dihitung dengan memasukkan

harga s = -0,577 ; t = -0,577 :

1
6 3s 3t
B11 B32
8J
1
6 3(0,577) 3(0,577) 0,128

8(9,231)

[ B]s1 ,t1

0
0,132
0
0,034
0
0,039
0
0,128
0
0,128
0
0,034
0
0,034
0
0,128
0,128 0,128 0,034 0,132 0,034 0,034 0,128 0,039

Dengan Prosedur yang sama dapat dihitung Matrik B di

node 2 (s2, t1), 3(s2, t2), dan 4(s1, t2)

MENGHITUNG MATRIK K
DILAKUKAN DENGAN MENGHITUNG MATRIK [K] PADA EMPAT
LOKASI TITIK INTEGRASI ELEMEN DENGAN CARA INTEGRASI
GAUSS QUADRATURE 2-POINT
1. DI NODE 1 : h [B(s1, t1)]T [C] [B(s1, t1)] |J(s1, t1)| =
674.674 324.843 469.229 140.461 180.779 87.042 24,668 97.341

674
.
674

107
.
961

46
.
724

87
.
042

180
.
779

129
.
842

447
.
173

545.527
89.888 125.729
28.927 202.029 168.919

222
.
420
37
.
636
12
.
519
192
.
711

188
.
216

48.439
23.322
6.609
26.082

48
.
439
34
.
790
119
.
819

Simetri
220.086
97.662

515.568

2. DI NODE 2 : h [B(s2, t1)]T [C] [B(s2, t1)] |J(s2, t1)| =

341.600

88.323

263.063

102.124

169.955

134.624

96.005

635.478

149.026

163.084

186.876 240.237

346.625 202.141 119 .122

924.332
151.622 772.664

297.002

75.879
805,865

Simetri

70.487
36.073

27.365
25.725

170.276
92.877

92.877
247.675
54.163

40.628

31.919
45.625

207.034
24.887

66.364

3. DI NODE 3 : h [B(s2, t2)]T [C] [B(s2, t2)] |J(s2, t2)| =

77.531 37.329 115 .181

77.531 87.066

308.055

Simetri

78.357

289.350

139.317

96.637

228.390

139.317

289.350

14.920

97.432
809.734

429.862
292.435

324.935
852.367

6.625
116 .644

1.079.868

519.936

360.658

1.079.868

55.686
257.393

23.629
16.572

140.436

185.759
88.186

61.847
75.880

140.483

4. DI NODE 4 : h [B(s1, t2)]T [C] [B(s1, t2)] |J(s1, t2)| =

375.780

205.942

9.729

5.778

402.360

221.726

36.307

570.061

2.931

114 .101

197.934

258.332

10.941

28.505

15.549
41.462

87.607
36.703

45.411
824.000

106.385
58.027

641.706

97.661

326.954

256.082

169.474
397.030

Simetri

21.560
425.831
58.027

154.741
136.974

3.072
216.563

577.499

SEHINGGA MATRIK [K] DAPAT DIHITUNG DENGAN

MENJUMLAHKAN EMPAT HASIL INTEGRASI DI ATAS
1.469.586

656.438

626.838

34.243

1.021.514

661.167

178,764

1.492.222

116 .661

391.773

661.167

968.697

161.934

1.517.567 354.628
1.997.949

418.666
139.878
2.067.017

Simetri

79,516

915.300

222.296 472.064 460.261

1.613.334 460.261 776.390

716.800

626.838

2.190.257

166.661
920.136

34.243

391.773
414.990

1.299.914

DISPLACEMENT NODE 2 & 3

[k]. {q} = {Q}NF
0 F1x
0 F1 y

u2 5
0
k v2
u3 10
v3 0

0 F4 x
0 F4 y

DILAKUKAN TEKNIK PARTISIONING

SHG UKURAN MATRIKNYA HANYA
4X41,52 0,355 0,149 0,222 u

2,00

106

u2
v
2

u3
v3

0,140
2,07

1,61
0,717
2,19

4,8
0

(
10
) psi

6,4
1,6

v
2
u3

v3

5
0


10
0

REGANGAN & TEGANGAN DI NODE 1

x

y

xy

u2
1 0 0 0
0,1667 u 2
0,8

v2

6
0,1667 0 0 0 0

0
(
10
)

u3

0,1667 v
0
0 1 0 0
2

( 1, 1)
v3

y

xy

1 v
v 1

y

xy

0
E

0
2
1 v
1 v
0 0

( 1, 1)
2

0
1 0,3
6
30(10 )

0
,
3
1
0

1 0,32
0
0 0,35

0,8(10 6 )
26,7

7,91 psi

0
0

BEBAN TRAKSI

Tx
QT h N dS
FORMULA PENGUBAHAN BEBAN TRAKSI MENJADI
BEBAN
Ty NODAL FORCE
S
T

1. QUADRATIC TRACTION DISTRIBUTION

F( node i ) x
hL 1 2 0

0 2 1
F
6

( node j ) x

Tx ( node i )

Tx ( midpo int)
T

x
( node j )

F( node i ) y
hL 1 2 0

0 2 1
F
6

( node j ) y
2. LINEAR TRACTION DISTRIBUTION

F( node i ) x
hL 2 1 Tx ( node i )

F
1
2
6
x ( node j )
( node j ) x

Ty

( node i )

Ty ( midpo int)
T

y ( node j )

BEBAN BODY FORCE

Bx
h N
dX dY
By
A
1 1
T Bx
h N
J ds dt
B
y
1 1
T

QBF

Bx ( si , t j )
h Wi W j N ( si , t j )
J ( si , t j )
B
(
s
,
t
)
y
i
j
i 1 j 1