BAGIAN SATU.

PART OF SPEECH
NOUN

: Desk, chair, door,

student, and so on

VERB

: To go, to work, to learn,

to sing, and so on

ADJECTIVE

: Good, bad, clever,

and so on

ADVERB

: Slowly, quickly, and so

on

PRONOUN

: Personal pronouns)
I, you, he, she, it and
so on

PREPOSITION

: at, in, upon, and so

on

CONJUNCTION

: and, therefore,
because, while,
whereas, although,
and so on

INTERJECTION

: Hello, Hi, and so

on.

Patokan-patokan kalimat:
1. Susunan kalimat paling sederhana, harus terdiri dari subject, Predicate, dan Object
(tujuan ) = S + P + O . Example: I write a letter
2. Kalimat harus ada subject dan predicate, kalau tak lengkap tidak sah. Contoh It is
good. It dan is tidak mempunyai arti apa-apa, kecuali melengkapi kalimat saja.
3. Dlm bhs Inggris verb pertama tidak boleh memakai to, namun verb berikutnya
harus menggunakan to, kecuali telah dipisahkan oleh kata sambung. Contoh: I
go to learn to speak English. I want to go to the school because I want to learn to
speak English.
4. Dalam bhs Inggris harus ada kata kerja , kalau tidak ada tidak sah. Bila tidak ada
kata kerjanya diganti dengan kata Bantu kata kerja Auxiliary(ogzeleri) verb:

Yakni to be (are, am, is).

It is good,
I am poor,
He is rich,
They are glad
I

: Orang pertama tunggal .am

We

: Orang pertama jamakare

You

: Orang kedua tunggal/jamakare

He, she, it

: Orang ketiga tunggal..is

They

: Orang ketiga jamak are

5. Dalam kalimat dengan orang ketiga tunggal, maka kata kerja pertama harus
ditambah s, atau es tergantung bentuk kata kerja, seterusnya bila ada kata
kerja lagi, tetap saja, kecuali dipisahkan oleh kata sambung seperti halnya
penggunaan to pada kata kerja.
He works hard to make a toy.
He works hard to make a toy while learns hard to prepare oral examination.
Tambahan s ini akan hilang manakala ada kata kerja Bantu/ kata Bantu kata
kerja (auxiliary verb) seperti halnya: can, may,must,shall,will etc. masuk antara
subject dan predicate itu. Namun bila yang masuk adalah kata-kata seperti: often,
seldom, sometimes, always, immediately, soon etc, (adverb of frequency) hal itu
tidak mempengaruhi tambahan s tersebut.
Contoh: He often works hard to make a
toy. Tetapi
He can ( will, must etc) work
hard to make a toy.
6. Pada kalimat yang menyatakan terjadi pada masa lampau, maka perubahan kata
kerja hanya terjadi pada kata kerja pertama, kecuali telah dipisahkan oleh kata
sambung, maka akan mulai sebagai kalimat baru lagi.
Contoh: He went to see the doctor for a check up while Hardi worked hard to do
his home work yesterday.
7. Seterusnya perubahan-perubahan kata kerja pada situasi apapun pada tenses
(bentukbentuk kata kerja berdasarkan waktu) hanya terjadi pada kata kerja
pertama
Exercises: Translate to Inglish

1. Seorang perawat bekerja keras merawat seorang pasien baru di bangsal A

sedangkan seorang bidan desa bekerja keras merawat ibu hamil di polindes
Sukamaju. Buatlah bentuk present tense dan past tense)
2. Dokter Yudi akan berangkat ke Puskesmas Kaliamba untuk menemui dokter Hadi
sedangkan, Weni dia seorang perawat ingin pergi ke rumah sakit Budiwaras
menunjungi beberapa pasien di bangsal B dan C
3. Hardi, is kepala bangsal A, biasanya dating awal, tetapi kali ini ia dating terlambat
karena ibunya sakit.
4. Seorang mahasiswa fakultas (sekolah tinggi) keperawatan Depkes akan pergi ke
laboratorium komputer mengerjakan karya tulis ilmiahnya.
5. Kemarin, ibunya Meli melahirkan aanak ke duanya ketika suaminya sedang
bekerja di kantor menulis surat dinas.

BAGIAN DUA
KATA BANTU KATA KERJA/ KATA KERJA BANTU
(AUXILIARY VERB)
Ada tiga macam bentuk Kata Bantu Kata Kerja atau Kata Kerja Bantu (Auxiliary Verb):
a. Principal auxiliaries (Kata kerja-kata kerja Bantu utama), yakni to be, to
have, to do.
b. Modal Auxiliaries (kata Bantu-kata Bantu pengandaian), yakni: can, may,
must, shall, will, ought to, could, might, has to, have to, should, would.
c. Semi modals : to need, to dare, used to.
Contoh-contoh dalam kalimat
a. Principal auxiliaries
To be

: I am here, she is there;

They are happy

To have

: I have lived in Yogyakarta

since 2000 (Perfect tense)

To do

: Do, does, did, (question tag)

Do you go to the hospital?
You dont go to the hospital

b. Modal auxiliaries
Seperti halnya auxiliary yang lain digunakan untuk membantu kalimat
bertanya dan menyangkal, akan tetapi ada beberapa pengertian khusus untuk
beberapa modal, misalnya could dan might, Could, tidak harus merupakan kata
lampau (past), akan tetapi Could bisa untuk masa sekarang (present) lampau
(past) atau yang akan datang (future). Dalam hal ini Could, digunakan untuk
menyatakan suatu permintaan yang sopan bisa untuk masa sekarang (present).
Contoh:
Present

: Could you pass that pencil,

please?Bisakah Anda tolong ambilkan pensil itu?

Future

: He could go to visit her tomorrow.

: Dia bisa pergi mengunjungi besok.

Past

: Nobody could attend the meeting yesterday : Tidak

seorangpun dapat menghadiri rapat kemarin.

Mengenai might. Might, lebih umum digunakan untuk menyatakan ketidak

pastian daripada may.
Contoh

:
A. I have a stomach ache: saya
sakit perut
B. It might be something youve
eaten: Itu mungkin karena
sesuatu yang kamu makan.
Might and May untuk kalimat negative tidak boleh di singkat
mightt or maynt tetapi harus might not or may not.

c. Semi modals
Dikatakan semi modal karena bisa berfungsi sebagai modal, bisa juga
sebagai kata kerja biasa.
Contoh:
Modal

: He need not go (ia tak perlu

pergi)

Verb

: He doesnt need to go (Ia

tak perlu pergi)

Modal

: He need go ( ia perlu pergi)

Verb

: He needs to go (ia
memerlukan pergi)

Modal

: He dare climb the tree (ia

berani memanjat pohon itu)

Verb

: He dares to climb the tree

(ia berani memanjat pohon
itu)

Mengenai need
Need, bila berfungsi sebagai kata kerja diikuti infinitive Hal ini bila subject-nya
makhluk hidup. Namun bila subject-nya benda mati, need diikuti oleh gerund atau verb
+ to be + past participle.
Contoh:
a. The grass in the house yard needs to cut..(salah)
b. The grass in the house yard needs to cutting(benar)
c. The grass in the house yard need to be cut ..(benar)

Need bisa diganti dengan ungkapan in need of. Ini bukan kata kerja.
Contoh

Yuli is in need of more money to buy some medicine. : Yuli perlu uang lebih banyak
untuk membeli obat.
Used To
Sebagai modal, hanya digunakan dalam bentuk lampau (Kebiasaan masa lampau,
sekarang tidak lagi)
Contoh:
Modal

: I used to smoke, but I gave up a

couple of years ago: Saya dulu
merokok, tetapi saya berhenti
saya berhenti beberapa tahun
lalu

Adjective

: I am used to the noise from the

traffic light now.: Saya
sekarang terbiasa dengan
keramaian lalu lintas.
: Dont worry, youll soon get
used to his sense of humor :
Jangan khawatir, kamu akan segera terbiasa dengan kebiasaan melucunya.

BAGIAN TIGA
ENAM BELAS BENTUK WAKTU
(TENSES)
1. Simple Present Tense (waktu sekarang umumnya untuk menyatakan
kebiasaan) Rumus: SUBJECT + V-1 ( a Nurse Works in hospital )
TENSES

SUBJECT

SIMPLE

They

PRESENT

We

Peristiwa rutin

berlaku waktu

You

VERB

ADV OF

ADV OF TIME

Work

PLACE
In hospital

everyday

sekarang
He

works

She
It
Keterangan:

a. Ciri waktu yang sering diguakan adalah semua kata-kata yang masuk Adverb
of Frequency.

b. Cara menambah s/es pada verb dengan subject orang ketiga tunggal.
2. Simple Past Tense (waktu lampau tidak ada hubungannya dengan sekarang.
Rumus: SUBJECT + V-11 ( She went to see the doctort for chek up yrsterday)
TENSES
SIMPLE PAST

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV OF

ADV OF TIME

They

Worked

PLACE
In the hospital

Last year

We

Went to see the

For a check up

yesterday

doctor

You
He
She
It
Keterangan:
Cara menambah ed pada verb lampau. See regular/ irregular Verb

3. Prsent Continuous Tense/Progressive Form ( waktu sedang yakni peristiwa sedang

berlangsung saat kita berbicara) Rumus: SUBJECT + TO BE + VERB + ING (
A Nurse is cleaning a mattress in a ward at the moment )
TENSES

SUBJECT VERB

ADV OF

ADV OF

PRESENT

Am Working

PLACE
In the

TIME
Now /at this

CONTINUOUS

They

Are working

hospital

moment)

We
You
He

Is working

She
It
Keterangan:
a. Cara menambah ing pada verb present participle:
1. Huruf akhir e, hilangkan e tersebut: to love
Ie

to die

loving
dying

2. Satu konsonan yang diketahui huruf hidup pendek, gandakan konsonannya

To prefer

preferring

To admid

adimiting

3. L gandakan L-nya ketika didahului oleh konsonan pendek berkenaan atau

tidak: to travel

traveling

Tetapi: to fool

fooling (huruf hidup panjang)

b. Ada beberapa kata kerja tidak bisa digunakan pada present continuous tense
(progressive Form) untuk bentuk present participle.
1. Kata kerja kaitannya dengan pancaindera (Verb os sense): feel, look, hear,
see, smell, taste, notice, observe, listening, stare, watching, dsb. Contoh:
You look pale tidak boleh ( you looking pale)
2. Kata kerja kaitannya dengan perasaan (Verb of emosion): admire, care
for, desire, dislike, like, hate, fear, etc.
3. kata kerja kaitannya dengan kegiatan mental (verb of mental activity):
assume, agree, believe, expect, forget, know,. etc
4. Kata kerja kaitannya dengan kepemilikan (verb possession): belong, own,
possess.

4. Past Continuous Tense (waktu lampau sedang kegiatan masih dilakukan di waktu
lampau) Rumus : SUBJECT + WAS/WERE + VERB + ING ( at four oclok
yesterday, she was working in a children ward : pukul empat kemarin ia sedang
bekerja di bangsal anak-anak.)
TENSES
PAST CONTINUOUS

SUBJECT VERB

ADV OF

ADV OF TIME

Was working

PLACE
In the

At five oclock

They

Were

hospital

Yesterday,

We

working

waktu yang sering

You

digunakan when,

He

whle, as, at (waktu)

She

Was working

fromto..

It
5. Present Perfect Tense (waktu kini selesai) Rumus SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS +
V.111.
Pedoman:
a. Kegiatan yang tak disebutkan waktunya di masa lampau (Henri
has worked in a local government clinic. (Henri sudah bekerja di
sebuah Puskesmas)
b. Kegiatan yang terjadi lebih dari satu kali di masa lampau ( Henri
has taken a sick leave there times this year.(Henri telah
mengambil tiga kali cuti sakit tahun ini)
c. Kegiatan yang terjadi di masa lampau dan saat ini masih
berlangsung. Hal ini sama dengan rumus Present Perfect
Continuous tense. She has worked in a village birthing hut since
2000 = Birthing hut since 2000 (Ia telah bekerja di Polindes sejak
tahun 2000) sekarang masih bekerja di Polindes itu.
Masih berlangsung
Sejak 200

sekarang

Keterangan waktu yang lazim di gunakan dalam bentu ini adalah: this Morning, This
week, this year, now, today, in his life. Bila kita berbicara dengan keterangan waktu
Today (hari ini), sehari itu adalah 12 jam.
Misalnya kita mengatakanThis morning bila mengatakannya jam 09.00 pagi, akan
berbeda dengan kika mengatakannya sore jam 17.00 (5 p.m)
Perhatikan contoh di bawah ini:
I have written a letter this morning Perfect Tense. Berbicaranya missal jam 9 pagi
I wrote a letter this morning
TENSES
PRESENT PREFECT

past tense

Berbicaranya missal jam 5 petang

SUBJECT VERB

ADV OF

ADV OF TIME

PLACE
In the

Today

hospital

( yang

Have worked

They
We

mengatakan hari

You

ini)

He

Has worked

She
It
6. Past perfect Tense (waktu lampau selesai)
a. Tindakan terjadi seblum tindakan yang lain, di waktu lampau.
b. Keadaan berkelanjutan di waktu lampau)
Rumus : SUBJECT + HAD + V.111
a. I had worked in the hospital before you went to London (saya letah
bekerja di Rumah Sakit sebelum kamu pergi ke London tahyn lalau)
b. I had lived in Yogyakarta for ten years before I moved to Jakarta (sya
telah tiggal di Yogyakarta selama sepuluh tahun sebelum saya pindah ke
Jakarta)
1

Past Perfect

Simple past

Now

TENSES

SUBJECT VERB

ADV OF

ADV OF

PAS PREFECT

Had

PLACE
In the

TIME
Before

They

worked

hospital

I/you/etc

1. Tindakan terjadi

We

when to

sebelum tindakan

You

London

yang lain di waktu

He

lampau

She

2. Keadaan

In
Had lived

last year.

Yogyakarta

It

For ten

berkelanjutan di

years

waktu lampau

before he
moved to
Jakarta

7. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (waktu selesai sedang Kegiatan dari masa
lampau dan sampai sekarang masih berlangsung. Sama dengan 5 c) Rumus :
SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + VERB + ING ( He has been working in
village birthing hut since 2000 = she has worked in a village birthing hut since
2000
TENSES

SUBJECT VERB

ADV OF

ADV OF TIME

PRESENT PERFECT

Have been

PLACE
In a

Since 2000

CONTINUOUS TENSE

They

working

hospital

(Peristiwa

We

berlangsung dari

You

lampau sampai

He

sekarang masih

She

Has been working

berlasung)

It
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense ( waktu lampau selesai sedang-kegiatan sudah
mulai, masih berlangsung di waktu lampau) Rumus: SUBJECT + HAD + BEEN
+ VERB + ING ( she had been working in sub health centre when dr. Hadi came
here in 2000 = dia telah bekerja di pustu itu ketika dr. hadi dating di tahun 2000)
TENSES

SUBJECT VERB

ADV OF

ADV OF TIME

PAST

Had been

PLACE
In the

For years when

PERFECT

You

working

hospital

dr. John came

CONTINUOUS We
TENSE

They

here in 2000

Kegiatan sudah
mulai dan
masih

He

berlangsung di

She

waktu lampau

It

9. Future Tense ( waktu yang akan datang) Rumus : SUBJECT +SHALL/WILL +

VERB ( She will clean the medication cart tomorrow afternoon = ia akan
membersihkan troli besok sore)
TENSES

SUBJECT VERB

ADV OF

ADV OF TIME

FUTURE

PLACE
In the

Next month

Shall work

We

hospital

You
They
He

Will work

She
It
10. Future Past Tense (waktu nanti/akan dating,lampau) Rumus: SUBJECT
+SHOULD/WOULD +VERB ( I should take the invalid chair when the patient
came yesterday (saya akan mengambil kursi dorong katika pasien datang
kemarin)
TENSES

SUBJECT VERB

ADV OF

ADV OF TIME

FUTURE

PLACE
In the

Yesterday

PAST

We

hospital

month

Should work

You
They
He

Would work

She
It
11. Future Continuous Tense (waktu nanti/akan datang sedang kegiatan akan sedang
terjadi). Rumus : SUBJECT + SHALL/WILL + BE + VERB + ING ( she will be

working in the village medicine post at ten oclock tomorrow morning = ia sedang
bekerja di post obat Desa pada jam 10 besok pagi)
TENSES
FUTURE

SUBJECT VERB

ADV OF

ADV OF TIME

PLACE
In the

At ten oclock

hospital

tomorrow

Shall be working

CONTINUOUS We
You

morning

They
He

Will be working

She
It
12. Future Past Continuous Tense (waktu lampau nanti sedang, sedang akan
dilkakukan di waktu lampau) Rumus: SUBJECT + SHALL/WILL + BE + VERB
+ ING. ( W e should be working in tha subbdistres ealth center at this time
yesterday (kami sedang akan bekerja di puskesmas pada wakyu seperti sekarang
ini, kemarin.)
TENSES

SUBJECT VERB

ADV OF

ADV OF TIME

FUTURE PAST I

Should be

PLACE
In the

At this time

CONTINUOUS We

working

hospital

yesterday

You
They
He
She

Would be

It

working

13. Future Perfect Tense(waktu nanti/akan datang, selesai kegiatan telah dimulai di
waktu lampau dan segera selesai si waktu akan dating) rumus: SUBJECT +
SHALL/WILL + HAVE + III.(She will have worked in the office of Maternal and
Child Health office by the end of next month (ia telah akan bekerja di kantor KIA
pada akhir bulan depan)
TENSES
FUTURE

SUBJECT VERB
I

ADV OF

PLACE
Shall have worked In the

ADV OF TIME
By the end of

PERFECT

We
You

hospital

next month

Will have worked

They
He
She
It
14. Future Past Perfect Tense (waktu nanti lampau, pengandaian, tidak peernah
terjadi) Rumus SUBJECT SHOULD/WOULD + HAVE + III.( He would have
worked in WHO if he had moved to America (ia telah akan bekerja di Badan
kesehatan Dunia jika ia telah pindah ke Amerika)Kenyataannya ia tidak pindah
ke amerika.
TENSES

SUBJECT VERB

ADV OF

ADV OF TIME

FUTURE

Should have

PLACE
In the

If I had move to

PAST

We

worked

hospital

Yogyakarta

PERFECT

You

Would have

Keterangan: ini

They

worked

pengandaian,

He

tdk terjadi krn

She

tdk pindah Ke

It

Yogyakarta

15. Future Perfect Continuous Tenses (waktu nanti/akan dating,lampau selesai sedang
dimulai di waktu lampau berlanjut masa akan dating! Rumus: SUBJECT +
SHALL/WILL + HAVE + BEEN + VERB + ING. (I should have been working in
the public health centre for 5 years dr.John visited my office last years (saya telah
sedang bekerja selama 5 tahun ketika dr. John mengunjungi kantor saya tahun
lalu)
TENSES

SUBJECT VERB

ADV OF

ADV OF TIME

FUTURE

Shall have been

PLACE
In the

For five years,

PERFECT

We

working

hospital

by the end of

CONTINUOUS You

next month

They
He
She

Will have been

It

workig

16. Future Past Perfect Continuous Tense( waktu nanti/akan datang, lampau selesai
sedang waktu sudah sedang akan berlangsung pada waktu lampau) Rumus:
SUBJECT + SHOULD/WOULD + HAVE + BEEN + VERB + ING.
I should have been working in the public health centre for 5 years when dr. John
Visited my office last year ) Saya telah sedang akan bekerja liama tahun ketika dr,
John mengunjungi kantor saya tahun lalu)
TENSES

SUBJECT VERB

ADV OF

ADV OF TIME

FUTURE

Should had been

PLACE
In hospital

For five years

PERFECT

We

working

when dr. John

Would have been

visited the

working

hospital last

CONTINUOUS You
They
He

year

She
It

Keterangan:
1. I

= Verb: Present

2. II

= Verb: Past

3. III

= Verb: Past participle

4. Verb + ing

= Present Participle

5. Continuous Tense

= Progressive Form

BAGIAN EMPAT
BENTUK NEGATIF
TENSES
SIMPLE

SUBJECT
They

VERB

ADV OF

ADV OF TIME

Dont Work

PLACE
In hospital

everyday

PRESENT

We

Peristiwa rutin

berlaku waktu

You

sekarang
He

Doesnt work

She
It
TENSES

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV OF

ADV OF TIME

SIMPLE PAST

They

Didnt Work

PLACE
In the hospital

Last year

We

yesterday

I
You
He
She
It

TENSES

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV OF

ADV OF TIME

PLACE
In hospital

now

PRESENT

They

Are not

CONTINUOUS

We

Working

You
I

Am not
working

He

Is not

She

working

It

TENSES

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV OF

PAST

Wasnt

PLACE
In the hospital

ADV OF TIME

CONTINUOUS

Working
You

Werent

We

working

For a check up

They
He

Wasnt

She

working

It

TENSES

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV OF

PRESENT

They

Havent

PLACE
In the hospital

PERFECT

We

Worked

ADV OF TIME

I
You
He
She

Hasnt worked

It

TENSES

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV OF

PAST PERFECT

They

Hadnt Worked

PLACE
In the hospital

VERB

ADV OF

ADV OF TIME

We
I
You
He
She
It

TENSES

SUBJECT

PLACE

ADV OF TIME

PRESENT

They

Have been

PERFECT

We

Working

CONTINUOUS

sampai sekarang masih

You

berlangsung)

He

Has been

She

working

In the hospital

Since 1998 (peristiwa

berlangsung dari lampau

It

TENSES

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV OF
PLACE
In the hospital

PAST PERFECT

They

Hadnt been

CONTINUOUS

We

Working

ADV OF TIME

I
You
He
She
It

TENSES
FUTURE

SUBJECT
We

VERB

ADV OF

ADV OF TIME

Shant Work

PLACE
In the hospital

Next month

ADV OF

ADV OF TIME

I
They

Wont work

You
He
She
It
TENSES

SUBJECT

VERB

FUTURE PAST

We

Shouldnt

Work

PLACE
In the hospital

They
You

Wouldnt work

He
She
It

TENSES

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV OF

FUTURE

We

Shant be

PLACE
In the hospital

CONTINUOUS

Working

ADV OF TIME

They
You

Wont be

He

working

She
It

TENSES

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV OF
PLACE

ADV OF TIME

FUTURE PAST

We

Shouldnt be

CONTINUOUS

Working

In the hospital

Kegiatan yang
akan sedang

They

dilkakukan di

You

Wouldnt be

waktu lampau

He

working

She
It
TENSES

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV OF
PLACE
In the hospital

FUTURE

We

Shant have

PEERFECT

Worked

ADV OF TIME

They
You

Wont have

He

worked

She
It

TENSES

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV OF
PLACE
In the hospital

FUTURE PAST

We

Shant have

CONTINOUS

worked

They

wont have

You

worked

He
She
It

ADV OF TIME

TENSES

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV OF

FUTURE

We

Shant have

PLACE
In the hospital

PERFECT

been working

ADV OF TIME

CONTINUOUS
They
You

Wont have

He

been working

She
It

TENSES

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV OF
PLACE
In the hospital

FUTURE PAST

We

Shouldnt have

PERFECT

been working

ADV OF TIME

CONTINUOUS
They
You

Wouldnt have

He

been working

She
It

BENTUK INTEROGATIF
TENSES

TO BE

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV of

ADV of

PLACE

TIME

SIMPLE

DO

PRESENT

WORK

They

IN THE

EVERYDAY

HOSPITAL

We
You
DOES

HE
SHE
IT

TENSES

TO BE

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV of

ADV of

SIMPLE

DID

WORK

PLACE
IN THE

TIME
LAST

HOSPITAL

YEAR

PAST

They
We
You
HE
SHE
IT

TENSES
PRESENT

TO BE
AM

CONTINUOUS ARE

SUBJECT
I

VERB

ADV of

ADV of

WORKING

PLACE
IN THE

TIME
NOW

They

HOSPITAL

We
You
IS

HE
SHE
IT

TENSES

TO BE

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV of

ADV of

PAST

WAS

WORKING

PLACE
IN THE

TIME
NOW

CONTINUOUS WERE

They
We
You

WAS

HE

HOSPITAL

SHE
IT

TENSES

TO BE

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV of

ADV of

HAVE

WORKED

PLACE
IN THE

TIME

PRESENT
PEERFECT

you

HOSPITAL

They
We
HAS

HE
SHE
IT

TENSES

TO BE

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV of

ADV of

HAD

WORKED

PLACE
IN THE

TIME

PAST
PEERFECT

They

HOSPITAL

We
You
HE
SHE
IT

TENSES

TO BE

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV of

ADV of

PRESENT

HAVE

BEEN

PLACE
IN THE

TIME
SINCE

PEERFECT

They

WORKING

HOSPITAL

1998

CONTINUOUS

We
You
HAS

HE
SHE
IT

TENSES

TO BE

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV of

ADV of

HAD

BEEN

PLACE
IN THE

TIME

PAST
PEERFECT

They

WORKING

HOSPITAL

CONTINUOUS

We
You
HE
SHE
IT

TENSES

TO BE

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV of

ADV of

FUTURE

SHALL

WORK

PLACE
IN THE

TIME
NEXT

HOSPITAL

MONTH

WE
They
WILL

You
HE
SHE
IT

TENSES

TO BE

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV of

ADV of

SHOULD

WORK

PLACE
IN THE

TIME

FUTURE
PAST

We
WOULD

You
THEY
HE
SHE
IT

HOSPITAL

TENSES

TO BE

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV of

ADV of

SHALL

BE

PLACE
IN THE

TIME

FUTURE

We

WORKING

HOSPITAL

CONTINUOUS
WILL

You
THEY
HE
SHE
IT

TENSES

TO BE

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV of

ADV of

SHOULD

BE

PLACE
IN THE

TIME

FUTURE

We

WORKING

HOSPITAL

PAST
CONTINUOUS
WOULD

You
THEY
HE
SHE
IT

TENSES

TO BE

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV of

ADV of

SHALL

HAVE

PLACE
IN THE

TIME

FUTURE

We

WORKED

HOSPITAL

PERFECT
WILL

You
THEY
HE
SHE
IT

TENSES

TO BE

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV of

ADV of

SHOULD

HAVE

PLACE
IN THE

TIME

FUTURE

We

WORKED

HOSPITAL

PAST
PERFECT
WOULD

You
THEY
HE
SHE
IT

TENSES
FUTURE

TO BE
SHALL

PERFECT

SUBJECT

VERB

ADV of

ADV of
TIME

HAVE

PLACE
IN THE

We

BEEN ING

HOSPITAL

VERB

ADV of

ADV of
TIME

HAVE

PLACE
IN THE

We

BEEN

HOSPITAL

CONTINUOUS
WILL

You
THEY
HE
SHE
IT

TENSES
FUTURE

TO BE
SHOULD

PAST

SUBJECT

PERFECT
CONTINUOUS WOULD

WORKING
You
THEY
HE
SHE
IT

BAGIAN ENAM
PASSIVE VOICE
(KALIMAT PASIF )
RUMUS: SUBJECT + TO BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
(S + TO BE + III
Present and Past:
Present Simple

ACTIVE
1. A nurse cleans ward
every day
2. My friends never
invite me to the

PASSIVE
This ward is cleaned by a
nurse everyday
I am never invited to the
meeting by my friends

meeting
3. How do make herbal
Past simple

medicine?
1. A nurse cleaned
this ward yesterday
2. My friends didnt
invite me to the

How is herbal medicine

made (by them)
This ward was cleaned by a
nurse yesterday
I wasnt invited to the
meeting (by my friends).

meeting
3. When did they build
this hospital?

Present Continuous

ACTIVE
1. They are building a
new hospital at the
moment (=it isnt
finish yet )

When was this hospital

built?

PASSIVE
A new hospital is being
built at the moment

2. Department of health
are building some

Some new hospital are

being built in Jakarta

new hospital in
Jakarta
Past Continuous

When I was there three

When I was three tree years

years ago, they were

ago , a new hospital was

building a new hospital. being built

Present perfect

Past perfect

ACTIVE
The sheets of this ward are

PASSIVE
The sheets of this ward are

clean. A nurse has washed

clean. They have been

them

washed by a nurse.

A. nurse has taken an

An invalid chair has been

invalid chair.

taken by a nurse,

Dr. Hadi said that a nurse

Dr. Hadi said that a wheel

had taken a wheel chair

chair had been taken by a

(for a patient).

nurse (for a patient)

Will/can/must/have to etc
Active
1. A nurse will clean the ward

Passive
1. The ward will be cleaned by a nurse.

tomorrow.
2. A nurse must clean a bed (in
the ward)
3. I think theyll invite you to the

2. A bed (in a ward) must be cleaned by a

nurse.
3. I think youll be invited to meeting

morning
4. They cant repair the backrest
(of the bad in the ward of this

4. The backrest (of the bad in the ward of

this hospital) cant be repaired

hospital)
5. You should wash this sunkenmat by hand
6. They are going to build a new

5. This sanken-mat should be washed by

hand
6. A new village birthing hut is going to be

village birthing hut

built.

7. She has to wash these

7. These pillowcase have to be washed (by

pillowcase

her)

8. The people had to take the

injured man to the community

8. The injured man had to be taken to the

community health centre.

health centre.

BAGIAN TUJUH
CONVERSATIONS
LEARN BY HARD
1. INTRODUCTION ( perkenalan) Infinitive : to introduction
2. GREETING (salam ) : to greet
3. LEAVE TAKING ( Pamitan minta diri) Verb : to take leave
4. SHALL I..(untuk menawarkan jasa)
Shall I clean the white board?
5. MAY I..(minta izin)
6. a. Would You (please)? (request- permintaan)
Would you please wait for me for a moment?
Would you please sit down over here?
Would you please write his name?
Would you please visit my home?
c. Do you mind + verb + ing.? Berkeberatankah saudara?
d. Do you mind +verb + Ing.?
e. Would you mind me +verb + ing. Berkeberatkah saudara, kalau
saya?
Do you mind me cleaning the kitchen ward?
f. Would you be so kind as to (very formal request)
g. Would you like to.? Mengajak/mengundang/menawarkan
7. A. Thank you very much for your help (formal)

B. Thanks a lot of for your help (informal)

8. Im sorry for troubling you/Im sorry to trouble you/ excuse me for
troubling you
I sorry juga bisa diucapkan ketika mendengar berita buruk/musibah
yang menimpa sahabat.
9. Congratulate..
Best whishes (to the lady)

for engagement

Congratulation (to the gentlemen)

10.Happy birthday to you / many happy return of the day.
11.Marry chrismas and happy New Year.
12.Have a happy Iedul Fitri Day/ Have a happy fasting day
13.The same to you (sama agama) Thank you (beda agama)
14.I wish you a speedy recover/wishing you a speedy recover/ I hope you
will be better soon
BAGIAN DELAPAN

MENYANGKAL DAN BERTANYA

1. Kalimat menyangkal cukup menambah not melekat pada kata kerja Bantu: can,
may, must, shall, will, be (are, am, is). Kalau dalam kalimat tidak ada kata
bantunya, tambahkan do atau does.
Contoh:
She will go to school = she will not go to school.
She goes to school = she does not go to school. (She orang ke tiga tunggal)
menggunakan does bukan do. Oleh karena menggunakan does maka goes menjadi
go, sebab es-nya diambil do menjadi does.
2. Kalimat bertanya, hanya memindah kata bantu dalam kalimat (bila ada) ke depan
sendiri. Kalau tidak ada kata bantunya dalam kalimat itu datangkanlah do atau
does.
Contoh:
She will go to school = Will she go to school?

She goes to school = does she go to school?

3. Not dan No
No harus berdekatan dengan Noun, Contoh: I have no book
Not sebelum verb berdekatan dengan kata Bantu. Contoh: I do not (dont) have
much money.
4. Cara bertanya dengan menggunakan kata-kata pertanyaan (question Words). Katakata pertanyaan (question words) tersebut adalah: What, Where, When, How, Who,
which, whom,with whom (who.with) for whom ( whofor), to whom
(whoto), from whom (who..from), whose, how long, how long ago, how
many, how much. Cara bertanya di awal pertanyaan harus di awali/di tempeli
dengan kata Bantu:
Why do you come here?
What are you doing?
Where must I stay in this town?
When will you come here again?
Kata-kata pertanyaan (question words) tersebut tidak boleh didahului kata apapun.
Kalau ada kata lain yang berkaitan dengan kalimat itu ditaruh di belakang sendiri.
Contoh: where do you come from?
Where do you go to?
Which dan what merupakan kekecualian, sebab sesudahnya boleh ditaruh kata
benda atau orang, disusul kata Bantu.
Contoh: What book do you want?
Which one do you like?
Mengenai Who.
Contoh /; who will help you? Tetapi kalau menanyakan subject, susunannya seperti
kalimat biasa tanpa kata Bantu Who teaches you English?
With whom (who.with)
Contoh:
With whom do you go to the market?
Who do you go to the market with?
With whom is siti going for a walk?
Who is siti going for a walk with?
Contoh yang lain:
What are you looking for?

Where do you live

When did you come to his home?
Why do you cry?
How do you make this food?
Who are you looking for?
Which fruits do you like?
With whom (who.with)
Whit whom do you come there?
Who do you come there with?
For whom (who.for)
For whom do you work?
Who do you work for/
To whom (who..to)
To Whom do you send the letter?
Who do you send the letter to?
From whom (who..from)
From whom did you hears this news?
Who did you hears this news from?
Whose magazine are you reading?
In whose hotel will you stay in Kaliurang?
How long did you usually take a nap?
How long ago did she complain to you about her problems?
How many hours does she work every day?
How much sugar did you buy?

Awas dan bedakan

What time will you pick me up?
What is your name? What will you do?
Which book do you want?
What man is that? ( orang itu siapa dalam arrti pekerjaannya)
Who is it? It is me
How much (uncountable)
How much coffee do you drink in the morning?

How many (countable)

How many cup of coffee does she drink in the morning?
How much bisa juga untuk menanyakan harga
5. Menyuruh atau memerintah, verb harus di pangkal kalimat
6. Kalau menyangkal yang berarti jangan, di tambah Dont di pangkal kalimat;
contoh Dont come here!
7. Arti do
berarti kah dalam pertanyaan: Do you want to go to the hospital?,
Tak memiliki arti bila hanya menemani not: I do not go to the hospital.
Memiliki arti berbuat bila menjadi verb What are you doing, Ms Eni?
8. Already
Already berarti sudah, letaknya di belakang sendiri. Contoh: I am thirsty already.
9. Yet
Yet tak mempunyai arti, tetapi mengalihkan arti tidak menjadi belum bila
berada di akhir kalimat menyangkal : I do not have money yet.
Latihan
Buatlah kalimat dibawah ini menjadi kalimat negative dan bertanya
1. Esti is the garden to sweep the waste while Maria wants to go to the airport to buy
the ticket for Ujung Pandanag.
2. Her Elder brother wants to go to the campus to attend the lecture
3. He is writing a letter now
4. He has eaten just now
5. He had eaten when you came yesterday
6. He ate his lunch at 2 p.m yesterday

BAGIAN SEMBILAN

VOCABULARY
A. Phacial Condition
1. An obese person

: Kegemukan

2. Beautiful /Pretty /sweet/ cute/good looking : cantik/manis/ayu

3.

Charming

: Menawan hati

4. Graceful

: Lemah-lembut

5. Handsome/ Good looking

: Cakep/ganteng

6. Tall X short

: Tinggi X pendek

7. Thin, lean X fat

: Kurus X gemuk

8. Emaciated; scrawny

: Kurus kering; kerempeng

9. Tough

: Tegap

10. Skinny

: Kurus sekali

11. Slim

: Langsing

12. Plump

: Sintal

13. Stout

: besar kuat

14. Scour-hearted

: Gagah berani

15. He is stout built

: Badannya besar dan kuat

B. Diseases
1. Plague

: Pes

2. Dysentery

: Desentri

3. Small Pox

: Cacar

4. Chicken Pox

: Cacar air

5. Cancer

: Kanker

6. Malaria

: Malaria

7. Asthma

: Asma

8. Leprosy

: Kusta

9. Tuberculosis

: Tbc

10. Anemia

: Kurang darah

11. Inflammation of the lungs

: Radang paru-paru

12. Concussion of the brain

: Gegar Otak

13. Typhoid-fever

: tipes

14. Appendicitis

: Usus Buntu

15. Diabetes

: Kencing manis

16. Kidney trouble

: Gangguan Ginjal

17. Jaundice

: Sakit Kuning

18. Framb(o)esia

: Patek

19. Famine

: Kelaparan

20. To have a head-ache

: Sakit kepala

21. To Have stomach-ache

: Sakit Perut

22. To have sore throat

: Sakit Tenggorokan

23. To have sore eyes

: Sakit Mata

24. To have tooth-ache

: Sakit Gigi

25. To have a sore mouth

: Sakit Mulut

26. To have a cough

: Sakit Batuk

27. To have a cold/ to catch a cold

: Masuk angin

28. Children often get measles

: Campak

29. Mumps

: Gondong

30. Fever

: Demam

31. Whooping cough

: Batuk rejan

32. Babies may a fit of convulsion

: Bayi bisa tererang sawan

33. Just run down

: Hanya karena lelah

34. Difficulty in breathing

: Sesak Nafas

35. He was run down by a truck

: Dia mati karena ketabrak

truk
36. Did he get hurt?

: Apakah ia terluka?

37. His death was due to renal failure

: Saya sesak nafas

C. Skin Diseases
1. Pimples/acne

: Jerawat

2. Rash

: Bintik merah

3. Freckles

: Bintik-bintik di muka

4. Boil/ulcer

: Koreng krn gatal

5. Itch

: Gatal

6. Ulceration

: Koreng

7. Sore

: Sakit/luka

8. Scar

: Parut/bks luka

9. Urticaria

: Biduran

10. Bollosus/bulla/bula

: Melepuh

D. Medical Expert
1. Cardiologist

: Dokter ahli jantung

2. Dermatologist

: Ahli penyakit Kulit

3. Internist

: Ahli penyakit dalam

4. Obstetrician

: Dokter ahli kebidanan

5. Ophthalmologist

: Dokter mata

6. Orthopedist

: Dokter ahli bedah tulang

7. Pediatrician

: Dokter anak

8. Psychiatrist

: Dokter ahli jiwa

9. Surgeon

: Dokter ahli bedah

10. Hematologist

: Dokter ahli darah

E. Dental and Oral Terms

1. Oral diseases

: Penyakit dalam mulut

2. Prevention and emergency care for oral diseases: Pnecegahan dan

perawatan darurat penyakit dalam mulut
3. Oral health Unit

: Unit kesehatan mulut dan

gigi
4. The teeth, gingival and oral mucosa

: Gigi, gusi, dan selaput

lender mulut
5. Permanent teeth

: Gigi dewasa

6. Primary teeth

: refers to baby (gigi

susu)
7. Crown

: Mahkota gigi

8. Root

: Akar gigi

BAGIAN SEPULUH

GERUND
Gerund adalah kata kerja + ing dan artinya berubah menjadi kata benda.
Bentuknya sama dengan present participle (continuous tense)
Fungsi Gerund:
1. Sebagai subjeck:
Jogging is a good sport.
Playing football is one of my hobbies
2. Sebagai pelengkap/ complement
1. My duty is working in this ward
2. One of my hobbies is collecting stamps
3. Untuk larangan singkat
No smoking
No sitting
No fishing
Penggunaan gerund.
1. Gerund harus digunakan mengikuti kata kerja berikut:
Admit
Advise
Anticipate
Appreciate
Avoid
Complete
Consider
Delay

Deny
Discuss
Dislike
Enjoy
Finish
Forget
Cant help
Keep

Stop

Suggest

He admitted stealing the money.

He enjoys staying in Yogyakarta
2. Gerund sesudah Possesive adjective
My, your, his, her, our, their
I couldt see her jumping

Mention
Mind
Miss
Postpone
Practice
Quit
Recall
Recollect

Recommend
Regret
Remember
Resent
Resist
Risk
Remember
Resent

My writing about public health is read by many people.

3. Gerund sesudah kata depan (preposition). Dalam sebuah kalimat jika da kata kerja
(verb),kata sifat (adjective), kata benda (noun), yang diikuti kata depan
(preposition), maka kata kerja berikutnya harus gerund
a. Verb + Preposition
Approve of
Insist on

Keen on
Depend on

Give up
Succeed in

Think of
Worry

Keep on
Count on

Rely on
Object to

about
If you want to be healthy you have to give up smoking
Hesti is thinking of going to work at the community health next month.
b. Adjective + Preposition
Accustomed to
Capable of

Fond of
Afraid of

Interested in
Intent on

Successful in
Tired of

I am interested in working at the dental clinic

He is not capable of doing extraction of the teeth
c. Noun + Preposition
Choice of
Method for/of

Excuse for
Possibility of

Intention of
Reason for

There is a possibility of working in the X hospital

Bila dalam kalimat ada kata go atau come, yang diikuti kata yang berarti kegiatan
olah raga atau rekreasi yang bersifat fisik harus dalam bentuk ing
Go boating
Go fishing
Go swimming
Go golfing
Go running
Go window shopping
Come running
Come sightseeing
Come riding, dsb

BAGIAN LIMABELAS
QUESTION TAG
Question tag adalah tambahan kata-kata di belakang sebuah kalimat yang berfungsi
menanyakan persetujuan (agreement) atau menanyakan kebenaran tentang sesuatu hal
(conforirmation). Dalam bahasa Indonesia, bisa diekspresikan dengan kata Bukan?
Question tag yang digunakan pada kalimat positif, maka kalimat bentuknya negative
interogatif, sebaliknya bila pernyataannya positif interrogative
Diah, one of the village midwife, didnt go to work at the village birthing hut, did she?
(Diah salah satu dari bidan desa, tidak pergi ke polindes, bukan?
Hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan:
1. Subjek dari tag selalu pronoun: Nenis isnt working to day, is she? (Pronoun)
2. Kata lets yakni bentuk kontraksi dari let us, tagnya menggunakan shall: lets go,
shall we? (mari kita pergi)
3. Kalimat dengan menggunakan no, none, no one, no body, neither, nothing,
scarcely, bearely, hardly,hardly ever, seldom, sama dengan kalimat negative,
sehingga tafnya positif interogatif. Contoh:
Nothing else was said, was it? (tak ada lagi yang dikatakan bukan?)
Eni hardly ever slept last night, did she? (Eni hampir tidak pernah tidur tadi
malam bukan?
Rudi hardy ever goes to the hospital, does he? ( Rudi hamper tidak pergi kerumah
sakit, bukan?)
4. Jika subjeck dari kalimat adalah: anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, none, neither,
maka subjeck tagnya adalah they. Missal: I dont think anyone attend the school
of nursing, this year, do they? ( saya kira tak ada yang mau masuk sekolah
keperawatn tahun ini, bukan begiu?
5. kata kerja negative, umumnya dikontraksikan dalam tagnya: you are there,
arent you?

BAGIA ENAM BELAS

THE DEFINITE ARTICLE AND THE INDEFINITE

1. The sefinite article (kata snadang tertentu)

The adalah kata sandang tertentu atau yang tentu, dalam Bahasa Inggris
disebut dengan istilah deinite article. The diucapkan de sebelum kata yang
dimulai dengan bunyi konsonan dan di sebelum kata yang dimulai dengan
bunyi vokal.
Contoh:
The (de) girl, the (de) university
The (di) end, the (di) honest woman.
a. Definite article digunakan:
1). Sebelum kata benda tunggal untuk menandai keseluruhan kelompok:
The peacock is a beautiful bird
2). Sebelum kata benda yang dibuat definit oleh kata keterangan atau
klausa:
The cat of my cousin is very clever.
The film we watched yesterday was scary.
b. Artikel definite tidak digunakan:
1) Sebelum kata benda jamak yang digunakan dalam pernyataan
umum:
Crocodiles are wild and dangeraous.
The crocodiles we met in the forest last week are very
dannngeraous
2) Sebelum nama musim yang digunakan dalam pernyataan umum:
2. The indefinite article (kata sandang tak tentu)
Kata sandang tak tentu adalah a dan an. A digunakan sebelum kata-kata
dengan suatu suara konsonan (a consonant-saound) sedangkan an digunakan
sebelum suatu suara vokal (a vocal-sound)
Contoh:
He works an a hospital. He departs to the hospital an hour ago.
An old patient, an honest doctor but a ward, a nurse.
Indefinite article digunakan:
a. Sebelum kaa benda tunggal yang berarti untuk seluruh kelompok atau
arti yang umum: a lion is wild animal
b. Sebelum kata benda tunggal yang berarti:

 Nama pangkat, pekerjaan, jabatan: a teacher, a general, a

director
Nama Kebangsaan: an Indonesia, a German
Nama agama: a moslem, a Catholik
c. Untuk jumlah tertenu: a lot money, a great deal, a dozen, a couple.
d. Penulisan angka tertentu: a houndred, a thousand, a million
e. Menyatakan harga satuan tertentu: $1 a dozen, five kilometer an hour,
sixpence a pond.
f. Kalimat seruan sebelum kata benda yang dapat dihitug dan tunggal:
What a handsome boy, such a long queue.
Exeption (kekecualian):
Indefinite article tidak dapat digunakan, bila titel, pangkat atau pekerjaan hanya
bisa disandang oleh satu orang pada waktu yang sama: Soekarno was president of
Indonesia and Hamengkubuwono IX was king of yogyakarta when the Indepedence Day
of Indonesia was proclaimed.
Perhatikan perbedaan ini
1. Half a crown (nilai-nilai adjective) dan a half crown (mat uang = 5 shilling-noun)
2. Hal a sovereign( nilai adjektive) dan a half sovereign (mata uang emas Inggrisnoun)
3. Half a bottle ( setengah botol-nilai adjective) dan a half bottle (botolnya separonoun)
4. Half a dozen = 6 (enam)
Contoh:crown.
I have a half Crown in my pocket. This a half crown is two whilling and half . The shirt
costs half (Saya memiliki setengah crown di saku saya, Setangah crown ini adalah dua
setengah shilling, Baju itu hargany setengah crown.
Get half a bottle of coca cola from the table, a whole bottle will be too much. ( Ambil
setengah botol coca cola dari meja itu, satu botol penuh akan terlalu banyak.)