03 Salinity and Density PDF
03 Salinity and Density PDF
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SALINITAS
Salinitas menunjukkan banyaknya (gram) zat-zat
Satuan salinitas
Permin (o/oo)
ppt
psu (practical salinity unit)
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MINOR ELEMENT
&
TRACE ELEMENT
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Trace Element
Minor Element
Brom (Br)
65 ppm
Nitrogen ( N )
280 ppb
Boron ( B )
8 ppm
Lithium ( Li )
124 ppb
Strontium ( Sr )
4 ppm
Jod ( J )
60 ppb
Silika ( Si )
3 ppm
Pospor ( P )
30 ppb
Fluor ( F )
1 ppm
Mercury ( Hg )
0,03 ppb
Timah ( Pb )
0,04 ppb
Alumunium ( Al )
2 ppb
Mangan ( Mn )
2 ppb
Seng ( Zn )
10 ppb
Besi ( Fe )
6 ppb
Emas ( Au )
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4 x 10-6 ppb
Less
soluble
And
useful
Kenapa
ada perbedaan
????
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SENSOR
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Misalnya:
kita ingin menentukan konsentrasi K + pada
suatu perairan dengan S = 36 o/oo, diketahui
konsentrasi K + pada S = 34,4 o/oo adalah 0,38 o/oo
Konsentrasi K
0,38
0,011
Salinitas Total 34,4
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Hidrothermal
Sumber garam??
Pelapukan
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33.5
34.0
34.5
33.5
35.0
500
500
1000
1000
Z (m)
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35.0
Halocline
Halocline
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34.5
S ()
S ()
Z (m)
34.0
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S = 1806.55 x Cl (o/oo)
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B. Secara Fisika
Salinitas berdasarkan konduktivitas
dimana
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Digital
Salinometer
Handrefractometer
Portable Salinometer
Salinometer
CTD (Conductivity Temp Depth)
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Densitas dirumuskan:
Vertical profile
Horizontal distribution
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Kalkulasi densitas
Densitas air laut > 1000 kg/m3, tetapi tidak pernah >
S,t,p)
= 1,02754
3
=
(1,02754
1)
x
10
S,t,p
= 27,54
S,t,p
sigma-nol ( o)
o = ( s,0,0 - 1) x 103
o Hanya didapat dari nilai salintas melalui
o
Sigma t ( t )
t = ( s,t,0 1) x 103
Hubungan t dan o adalah :
t = o D
Dimana: D faktor koreksi (diberikan dalam Tables
of Seawater Density )
membuat persamaan
A0 = 67,26
A1 = 4,53168
A2 = -0,5459
A3 = -1,9825E-3
A4 = - 1,438E-7
A10 = 1,0
A11 = - 4,7867 E-3
A12 = 9,8185 E-5
A13 = -1,0843 E-6
A20 = 0
A21 = 1,8030 E-5
A22 = - 8,164 E-7
A23 = 1,667 E-8
10.000db.
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