Pengertian Causative Verbs

Pengertian Causative Verbs

Causative verb adalah kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan jika subjek tidak
bertanggung jawab langsung terhadap aksi yang terjadi, melainkan seseorang atau sesuatu yang
lain yang melakukan aksi tersebut. Contohnya adalah : “I had my hair cut”. Subjek I pada
kalimat tersebut tidak memotong rambutnya sendiri tapi justru membuat orang lain yang
melakukannya. Umumnya ada empat kata kerja causative verb yang sering digunakan, yakni
have, get, let, dan make.

1.Have

Have merupakan kata kerja causative yang umum. Kata kerja ini berfungsi untuk menginginkan
seseorang mengerjakan sesuatu untuk subjek. Rumus yang digunakan adalah sebagai berikut :

Kalimat aktif : S + (have/ had + agent + action verb (bare infinitive) + object. Kalimat pasif :
S+(have-had)+object+action verb(V-3).

Contoh : •I had my brother take that glass (aktif)

•Mr. Setia had Lillie check the paper (aktif)

•I had my jacket cleaned yesterday (pasif)

•I had my computer fixed (pasif)

2.Get

Penggunaan kata kerja Get mirip dengan have namun dengan struktur kalimat yang berbeda.
Rumus yang digunakan adalah sebagai berikut :

Aktif : S + (get/ got) + agent + action verb (to infinitive) Pasif : S + (got) + object + action verb
(V-3)

Contoh : •He got his father to buy a ball (aktif)

•I got my jacket cleaned (pasif)

3. Let

Kata kerja ini berfungsi untuk membiarkan seseorang melakukan sesuatu. Rumus yang
digunakan adalah sebagai berikut :
Aktif : S + let + agent + action verb (bare infinitive)

Contoh :

•Wil you let me go now?

•She lets me drive her car

•My father lets me choose the gift

3. Make

Kata kerja ini berfungsi untuk memaksa atau sangat meyakinkan seseorang untuk melakukan
sesuatu. Rumus yang digunakan adalah sebagai berikut :

Aktif : S + (make/ made) + agent + action verb (bare infinitive)

Contoh :

•The manager makes her staff work hard

•My teacher made me apologize for what I had said

•Did she makes you wear that ugly hat?

The English verbs let, make, have, get, and help are called causative verbs because they cause
something else to happen.

Here are some specific examples of how causative verbs work in English sentences.

How to use causative verbs in English

LET = permit something to happen

Grammatical structure:

 LET + PERSON/THING + VERB (base form)

Examples:

 I don’t let my kids watch violent movies.

 Mary’s father won’t let her adopt a puppy because he’s allergic to dogs.
 Our boss doesn’t let us eat lunch at our desks; we have to eat in the cafeteria.
  Oops! I wasn’t paying attention while cooking, and I let the food burn.
 Don’t let the advertising expenses surpass $1000.

Remember: The past tense of let is also let; there is no change!

Note: The verbs allow and permit are more formal ways to say “let.” However,
with allow and permit, we use to + verb:

 I don’t allow my kids to watch violent movies.

 Our boss doesn’t permit us to eat lunch at our desks.

MAKE = force or require someone to take an action

Grammatical structure:

 MAKE + PERSON + VERB (base form)

Examples:

 After Billy broke the neighbor’s window, his parents made him pay for it.
 My ex-boyfriend loved sci-fi and made me watch every episode of his favorite show.
 The teacher made all the students rewrite their papers, because the first drafts were not
acceptable.

Note: When using the verbs force and require, we must use to + verb.

 The school requires the students to wear uniforms.

“Require” often implies that there is a rule.
 The hijacker forced the pilots to take the plane in a different direction.
“Force” often implies violence, threats, or extremely strong pressure

HAVE = give someone else the responsibility to do something

Grammatical structure:

 HAVE + PERSON + VERB (base form)

 HAVE + THING + PAST PARTICIPLE OF VERB

Examples of grammatical structure #1:

 I’ll have my assistant call you to reschedule the appointment.

 The businessman had his secretary make copies of the report.

Examples of grammatical structure #2:

 I’m going to have my hair cut tomorrow.

  We’re having our house painted this weekend.
 Bob had his teeth whitened; his smile looks great!
 My washing machine is broken; I need to have it repaired.

Note: In informal speech, we often use get in these cases:

 I’m going to get my hair cut tomorrow.

 We’re getting our house painted this weekend.
 Bob got his teeth whitened; his smile looks great!
 My washing machine is broken; I need to get it repaired.

GET = convince/encourage someone to do something

Grammatical structure:

 GET + PERSON + TO + VERB

Examples:

 How can we get all the employees to arrive on time?

 My husband hates housework; I can never get him to wash the dishes!
 I was nervous about eating sushi, but my brother got me to try it at a Japanese restaurant.
 The non-profit got a professional photographer to take photos at the event for free.

HELP = assist someone in doing something

Grammatical structure:

 HELP + PERSON + VERB (base form)

 HELP + PERSON + TO + VERB

After “help,” you can use “to” or not – both ways are correct. In general, the form without “to” is
more common:

 He helped me carry the boxes.

 He helped me to carry the boxes.
 Reading before bed helps me relax.
 Reading before bed helps me to relax.

We use causative verbs to show that someone

or something caused something to happen.
Causative verbs are: get, have, make, let and
help.
Here is what you need to know about the causative in
English.
Try a quick quiz to practice the causative!

Causative # 1 – HAVE/GET SOMETHING DONE

This means that someone does something for you because you pay or ask them to do it , but
you don’t say who this person is.

Examples:

HAVE / GET SOMETHING DONE

He had / got his hair cut.

She didn’t have / get her teeth checked.

I had / got the leak in the roof fixed.

Did you have / get the TV repaired?

Causative # 2 – HAVE SOMEONE DO SOMETHING

This means that someone does something for you because you pay or ask them to do it, but
you also say who this person is.

Examples:

HAVE SOMEONE DO SOMETHING

The teacher had the students write a test.

I’ll have my assistant call you with the details.

I had the handyman fix the leak.

Did you have the electrician repair the TV

Causative # 3 – GET SOMEONE TO DO SOMETHING

This means someone does something for you because you persuade (= encourage, tell them
that you’d like them to do something) them to do it. So this construction feels less neutral
than the previous ones.

Examples:

GET SOMEONE TO DO SOMETHING

I (finally) got my kids to go to bed.

I can never get my wife to cook dinner.

Can you ever get your sisters to stop fighting?

to take him on an
Kevin got his brothers
adventure.

Causative # 4 – MAKE SOMEONE DO SOMETHING

This means that you force someone/something to do something for you.

Examples:

MAKE SOMEONE/SOMETHING DO SOMETHING

You make your hips sway.

Don’t make her (Sarah) cry.

The teacher made him (Peter) work hard.

worry so much about

Why do you make them (your parents)
you?
Causative # 5 – LET SOMEONE/SOMETHING DO SOMETHING

This means that you allow ( = let, give permission to do something) someone to do
something or you allow something to happen.

Examples:

LET SOMEONE/SOMETHING DO SOMETHING

She let the kids stay up past midnight.

I let the chicken burn in the oven.

Why did he let This happen?

Let Me go!

Causative # 6 – HELP SOMEONE (to) DO SOMETHING

This means that you help ( = assist) someone (to) do something. This structure is most often
used without ‘to’.

Examples:

HELP SOMEONE (to) DO SOMETHING

Milk can help you fall asleep.

Could you help me carry my bags?

I don’t see how this helps them understand the lesson.

Can computer games help kids learn to read?

Causative verbs are used to indicate why or how something occurs. In this lesson, we will learn about
the causative verbs: let, allow, permit, make, force, require, have, get, and help.

Definition of Causative Verbs

Causative verbs are verbs that show the reason that something happened. They do not indicate
something the subject did for themselves, but something the subject got someone or something
else to do for them. The causative verbs are: let (allow, permit), make (force, require), have, get,
and help. Let's take a closer look at the causative verbs.

Examples
Since there are so few causative verbs, we are going to go ahead and take the time to look at
examples of each and discuss the sentence structure for proper use.

Let, Allow and Permit

Our first verb is let, which comes with its synonyms, allow and permit. Here are some sample
sentences that each put this verb into action.

 My mom allows me to borrow the car.

 I let my little sister watch TV in my room.
 My teacher permits students to stay late for tutoring.

For each of these sentences, the verb 'let' is followed by an object and then the base form of the
verb that describes the action the object will perform. When using 'allow' and 'permit', the word
'to' will come before the verb that describes the action.

Make, Force and Require

Let's move on to make, which comes with the synonyms, force and require. Here are some
examples using the words make, force and require.
  My doctor made me come back for a follow-up visit before giving me refills of my prescription.
 The school requires students to follow a strict dress code.
 My religious beliefs force me to attend services twice a week.

The sentence structure when using these words is similar to the structure for let, allow, and
permit. The causative verb 'make' precedes the object that is performing the action, followed by
the base form of the verb that describes the object's actions. When using 'force' and 'require', the
word 'to' is added before the verb describing the action.

Get

The following examples show the proper use of the causative verb 'get.'

 I got the waitress to bring us some menus.

 I am getting my sister to send me a picture of her new house.
 Zachary got his house cleaned before the party.
 In English grammar, a causative verb is a verb used to indicate that some person or thing
makes — or helps to make — something happen. Examples of causative verbs include
make, cause, allow, help, have, enable, keep, hold, let, force, and require, which can also
be referred to as causal verbs or simply causatives.
 A causative verb, which can be in any tense, is generally followed by an object and
another verb form—often an infinitive or a participle — and are used to describe
something that happens because of a person, place, or thing whose actions bring about
change in another entity.
 Interestingly enough, the word "cause" isn't the prototypical causative verb in English
because "cause" has a much more specific and less frequently used definition than
"make," which is used most frequently to indicate someone making something happen.
 Allows Versus Lets
 English grammar is full of small rules that help speakers understand the vast subtleties of
correct usage and style. Such is the case with the rules pertaining to the causative verbs
allows and lets, wherein both convey the same meaning — a person permits another to do
something — but require different noun-verb form pairings to follow them.
 The word allows is almost always followed by an object, which in turn is followed by the
infiintive form of the verb allows is modifying. Such is the case in the sentence "Corey
allows his friends to chat with him," wherein allows is the causative verb, "his friends"
the object of the phrase, and "to chat" the infinitive form of what Corey is allowing his
friends to do.
 On the other hand, the causative verbs "lets" is almost always followed by an object then
the base form of the verb that's being modified. Such is the case in the sentence "Corey
lets his friends chat with him," wherein lets is the causative verb, "his friends" the object
of the phrase, and "chat" the base form of the verb Corey lets his friends do.
 The Most Popular Causative Verb
 One would think that "cause" would be the most frequently used and typical example of
causative verbs, but that's simply not the case. Francis Katamba explains in
 "Morphology" that the word "cause" is a "causative verb but it has a more specialized
meaning (implying direct causation) than 'make' and it is much less common."
 Instead, "make" is the most common causative verb, which also differs from other
causative verbs in that it omits the word "to" from complementary verb clauses that
follow while in the active form (make), but do require the word "to" while in the passive
form of "made." For example, "Jill makes me run daily" and "I was made to run daily by
Jill."
 In both senses, the causative verb "make" still implies that someone causes the subject to
run, but English grammar dictates that the accompanying verb phrase for "make" differs
for that of "made." Rules like these abound in usage and style, and it's important for
English as an Alternative Language (EAL) students to commit these types of guidelines
to memory — as they don't often appear in other forms.

Causative Verbs
What is a causative verb?
A causative verb, as the name implies, indicates that a person, place, or thing is causing an action or
event to happen. Generally, a causative verb is followed by its direct object (a noun or pronoun) and a
non-causative verb, which describes the resulting action the subject has caused.

Most often, the non-causative verb will be in its base (uninflected) form or, more commonly, its
infinitive form (the base form plus the particle to); however, there are some other constructions that
can be used in certain circumstances. It’s also worth pointing out that, even though they can only be
followed by certain conjugations of verbs, causative verbs themselves can be conjugated into all of their
normal tenses.

Causative Verbs Followed by Base-Form Verbs

The most common causative verbs are make, let, and have, each of which is almost always followed by a
non-causative verb in its base form. These are the only causative verbs that are followed by base-form
verbs. (Because of this, some sources list them as being the only “true” causative verbs, with other verbs
merely functioning like causative verbs. However, this distinction is not very meaningful or helpful in
itself, because the function of the other causative verbs is pretty much the same.)

Let’s go over some examples of these three verbs being used in sentences when followed by base-form
non-causative verbs. We’ll also look at instances in which make and have can be followed by other
conjugations. (In all of the examples in this section, causative verbs will be in bold, while non-causative
verbs will be in italics.)

make

In contrast to its primary definition of “to create or bring into existence,” we use make as a causative
verb to indicate that someone or something has forced or compelled an action or event to occur. For
example:

 “My mom is making me go to piano lessons this summer.”

 “Don’t make me turn this car around!”
 “She made her girlfriend buy her a different ring.”

Make can also be followed by an infinitive non-causative verb, but only if it is used in the passive voice,
which is when the subject is the recipient of the verb’s action. For example:

 “I’m sorry that you were made to believe such a nasty story, but it simply isn’t true.”
 “Employees are often made to feel responsible for a company’s misfortunes.”

let

The primary use and definition of let is as a causative verb, meaning “to allow, permit, or give
opportunity to.” For example:

 “I can’t believe your dad let you come to the party!”

 “My bosses are letting me work from home for half of the week.”
 “I hope the teacher lets us sit together on the bus.”

have

Rather than meaning “to possess,” have as a causative verb means “to compel, persuade, instruct, or
otherwise cause someone to do something,” as in:

 “I’ll just have my assistant get us some coffee.”

 “He’s having the kids clean the dishes tonight.”
 “Mary had her mother make her wedding dress.”

In addition to base-form verbs, have can also be followed by past and present participles. When used
with a present participle (the “-ing” form of the verb), the overall meaning remains the same, but it
refers to a continuous action occurring over a period of time (which can either be vague or specific).
Uniquely, have is almost always in the simple past tense in this construction. For example:

 “The boss had us working late again this week.”

 “The instructor had the class dancing for over an hour!”

Have can also be followed by a past participle, but its meaning changes very slightly. Instead of
indicating that someone is compelled or instructed to do something, have + past participle is used to
indicate when you have something done to someone or something. For example:

 “We’re having the house painted this week.”

 “My mother had the car cleaned after our soccer practice.”
 “My boss had me transferred to a different department.”

Causative Verbs Followed by Infinitives

While the three verbs that are followed by base-form verbs are exceptionally common in everyday
speech and writing, the majority of causative verbs are followed by infinitives in causative structures.
Some of the most common of these are allow, permit, enable, cause, lead, force, require, motivate,
convince,, and get. (Note that this is not an exhaustive list.)

You’ll probably notice that some of these are synonyms of make, let, and have, but many others have
unique meanings unto themselves. There are too many to give individual explanations, so instead let’s
look at how each would work in an example sentence:

 “Please allow me to explain my statement.”

 “We were permitted to bring guests to the premiere.”
 “The inheritance enabled me to travel across Europe for the summer.”
 “The shaking caused me to spill my drink.”
 “Her reaction forced us to rethink our policy.”
 “All of this is leading me to believe that our theory is incorrect.”
 “The government is requiring all citizens to carry identification at all times.”
 “Their intense rivalry motivated her to train even harder.”
 “We’re trying to convince them to invest in the company.”
 “They finally got him to admit that he was wrong.”*
*get vs. have

Get and have are almost completely synonymous in causative constructions, but there is a subtle
difference in their meaning. While both mean “to instruct or compel,” get often implies convincing or
persuading the person, especially in the face of uncertainty. Consider the following sets of examples:

 “My mother had me sing in front of the guests.” (My mother instructed me to sing, possibly
without a choice on my part.)
 “My mother got me to sing in front of the guests.” (My mother convinced me to sing, possibly
without me initially wanting to.)

 “John had us walk the whole way.” (John instructed or forced us to walk.)
 “John got us to walk the whole way.” (John convinced or persuaded us to walk.)

This implication might not be very noticeable, but the subtlety can add more precision to your writing.

Using participles after get

Get is unique among the causative verbs followed by infinitives because, just like have, it can also be
followed by past and present participles in certain situations. As before, the use of a present participle
doesn’t change the meaning of get, but rather indicates an action performed continuously over a period
of time. For instance:

 “The presentation got me thinking about my own life choices.”

 “If a video game can get people exercising, then it’s a good thing in my book!”

Also like have, the meaning of get changes slightly when followed by a past participle, indicating action
done to someone or something, rather than compelling that person to perform an action. For example:

 “I need to get the car washed before the wedding.”

 “You’ll get us both fired if you don’t stop screwing around!”

The “semi-causative” verb help

Help is also something of an outlier here because it isn’t really indicating causation as we’ve described it
so far; instead, it indicates when someone is aided in completing a task, so it might be more accurate to
call it “complementary,” rather than causative. Nevertheless, it is often included in lists of causative
verbs, so it’s worth examining.
What also sets help apart as a causative verb is that it can be followed by either an infinitive or a verb in
its base form. While the infinitive construction is sometimes considered more formally correct, the base-
verb construction is much more common in everyday speech and writing. For example:

 “I would like to help you win this election.” (most common)

 “I would like to help you to win this election.” (acceptable, but much less common)

 “My brother has been helping me write my college applications.” (most common)
 “My brother has been helping me to write my college applications.” (acceptable, but less
common)

Keep and the Present Participle

There is only one causative verb that must be used with a present participle: keep. Instead of its usual
meaning (“to retain possession of”), keep as a causative verb means “to maintain or prolong,” as in:

 “I can’t believe you kept me waiting for over an hour!”

 “I’ll only be a minute, so keep the engine running.”

Kita menggunakan causative ketika kita tidak melakukan aksi tersebut, melainkan orang lain,
tapi kita yang bertanggung jawab atas aksi tersebut. Secara sederhana, ini adalah struktur ketika
kita menyuruh orang lain untuk melakukan sesuatu yang kita minta. Berikut adalah causative
verbs :

1. Let

Mengizinkan seseorang melakukan sesuatu

Rumus : S + let +agent + base form (verb 1)

Contoh :

 I let Jim to hold my hand.

 My mom lets me do the laundry.

2. Make

Memaksa atau membuat orang melakukan apa yang kita kehendaki

Rumus : S + make + agent + base form (verb 1)

Contoh :
  I made him give up his lunch.
 Because we didn’t attend the class more than three times last semester, Mrs. Cohen made
us retake the class this semester.

3. Have

Menyuruh atau memberikan tanggung jawab kepada orang lain untuk melakukan sesuatu.
Causative verb ini memiliki bentuk aktif dan pasif. Causative aktif adalah ketika ketika agent-
nya diketahui dan disebutkan, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa agent adalah bagian penting
dari kalimat tersebut. Sementara itu, causative pasif adalah ketika agent tidak disebutkan, karena
kalimat berfokus kepada aksi yang dilakukan tak peduli siapapun agent yang melakukannya.
Rumus causative aktif dan pasif sedikit berbeda.

Rumus :

Aktif : S + have + agent + base form (verb 1)

Pasif : S + have + object + past participle (verb 3)

Contoh :

 I have my brother bring me a glass of milk. (A)

 Darren had me read a book story her. (A)
 My family had our house renovated. (P)
 Because I am going to swim tomorrow, I have my broken goggles fixed today. (P)

4. Get

Menyuruh atau meyakinkan seseorang melakukan sesuatu yang kita kehendaki. Sama dengan
“have”, “get” juga memiliki bentuk causative pasif dan aktif seperti yang dijelaskan di atas.

Rumus :

Aktif : S + get + agent + to infinitive verb

Pasif : S + get + object + past participle (verb 3)

Contoh :

 I get him to pick up some burgers. (A)

 My sister got her boyfriend to come at 6AM in Sunday morning. (A)
 Hillary just got her books returned. (P)
 I have got my boxes taken out of the house. (P)
Penjelasan Lengkap Causative Verbs

Causative Verbs adalah kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa seseorang
melakukan sesuatu untuk kita atau untuk orang lain.

Beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam memahami causative verbs:

 Subject tidak melakukan suatu aksi

 Orang lain yang melakukan aksi
 Subject menyuruh, membayar, atau membujuk orang lain melakukan aksi
 Causative verb HAVE

Kita lihat contoh berikut:

Contoh causative verb Makna Keterangan

We have the car washed every Seseorang mencuci mobil Subject (We) membayar orang untuk
week. kita. mencuci mobil.

Seseorang mengecat Subject (I) menyuruh orang lain mengecat

I had my house painted.
rumahku. rumah.

Causative Verb HAVE

1. Pola kalimat pasif Causative verb ‘HAVE’: (have something done)

 Subject + Have/had + Object + Past Participle (V3)

Contoh kalimat:

 I have my motorcycle washed every day. (seseorang mencuci motor saya)

 We had the computer fixed. (seseorang memperbaiki komputer kita)
 He will have the house painted. (seseorang mengecat rumah dia)

2. Pola kalimat aktif Causative verb ‘HAVE’: (have someone do something)

 Subject + Have/had + Person + Infinitive (V1) + Object

Contoh Kalimat:
  I have my assistant wash my motorcycle. (Saya menyuruh asisten mencuci motor)
 We had an engineer fix the computer. (Kami membayar seorang teknisi untuk memperbaiki
komputer)
 He will have painter paint the house. (Dia membayar tukang cat untuk mengecat rumahnya)

Baca juga: Negative Contraction dalam Bahasa Inggris

Okay, class. Bagaimana materinya? Nah, itu semua materi mengenai penjelasan lengkap
Causative Verbs meliputi pengertian, penggunaan dan contoh kalimatnya.

https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Causative-Verbs.htm

https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-causative-verb-1689833

http://www.yourdictionary.com/causative

https://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/causative-verbs-have-let-make Chris McCarthy

https://www.espressoenglish.net/causative-verbs-in-english-let-make-have-get-help/

https://blog.bahaso.com/pengertian-dan-contoh-causative-verbs A. Pringganti

kelasbahasainggris.com/penjelasan-lengkap-causative-verbs-3/ efin.marifatika