2018 FT-Hormon (Sitokinin-Etilen) PDF
2018 FT-Hormon (Sitokinin-Etilen) PDF
Efek Sitokinin:
Zeatin
menginduksi pembelahan sel, morfogenesis, pertumbuhan
struktur dasar
tunas lateral, pembentangan daun, menunda penuaan daun
sitokinin Kinetin
Biosintesis Sitokinin
prekursor : AMP (adenosine monophosphate)
letak sintesis : ujung akar, biji yang sedang berkembang
transport : xilem
Cytokinins stimulated cell division
Cytokinins
• Are produced by growing roots, embryos, and
fruits
Transport sitokinin
Korelasi pertumbuhan
stem cell specification and
meristem formation
1
Cytokinins from roots may balance the
effects of auxin from apical meristems Peran Sitokinin
• Causing lower buds to develop into branches
Memacu pembelahan sel
Terminal bud
Mempengaruhi diferensiasi akar dan
tunas (morfogenesis)
Memacu sintesis klorofil dan
No terminal bud
perkembangan kloroplas
Menghambat senescence daun
Menghilangkan dominansi apikal
2
Efek Giberelin Perkecambahan biji
• GA causes cell wall loosening (as with auxin), but not by cell wall
acidification. Different plants show different sensitivities to
applied GA.
GA memacu produksi
enzim-enzim yang
diperlukan untuk
memecah cadangan
makanan
3
Synthesis
• From carotenoids. Carotenoids (violaxanthin) are synthesized from acetyl-CoA
via glyceraldehyde phosphate (GAP). Action
• Genes for some steps in pathway now isolated
Role
Synthesis
SAM Karakteristik etilen
From methionine ACC Synthase
via
S-adenosyl methionine (SAM)
ACC Sintesis etilen terpacu dengan adanya
sedikit etilen bersifat autokatalitik
and ACC Oxidase
Luka pada tanaman menginduksi
1-aminocyclopropane-1-
Ethylene sintesis etilen
carboxylic acid (ACC).
Satu apel / pisang busuk dapat memacu
pembusukan sekeranjang apel / pisang
Action
Blocked by Silver ion (STS)
4
• Ethylene also
stimulates its own
synthesis via the Peran etilen
induction of ACC
synthase • Maintenance of apical hook.
transcription.
• Flower senescence.
• Fruit ripening.
• Leaf abscission.
Time
5
Penghambat kerja etilen Brassinolides (Brassinosteroid)
Brassinolide adalah senyawa
yang ditemukan pada tumbuhan
- kadar CO2 yang tinggi (5-10%) dan memiliki struktur kimia yang
- ion Ag+ (AgNO3), silverthiosulphate (STS) dapat mirip dengan steroid.
menunda senescence pada bunga potong merupakan hormon yang larut
- transcycloctene dan 2,5-norbornadiene dalam lemak
Brassinolide disintesis dari asetil
KoA melalui jalur asam
Ethylene biosynthesis blocked in transgenic plants with mevalonat di dalam metabolisme
antisense ACC synthase or antisense ACC oxidase sel tumbuhan.
(e.g., carnation flower senescence, tomato, papaya or Brassinolide memiliki respon
banana fruit ripening) yang mirip dengan giberellin.
Jasmonic acid
Brassinosteroids-mediated physiological
responses
Jasmonic acid (JA)
Inhibit: Isolated from plants and fungi
Root growth (but also promote root growth)
Leaf abscission Inhibits:
seed and pollen germination
Stimulate: root growth
Cell and stem elongation and division -> promote shoot growth
Stimulates:
Unrolling and bending of grasses
plant defenses against microbial and insect pathogens
Ethylene production wound responses
Seed germination and photomorphogenesis ripening
exogenous application decreases expression of genes
Xylem differentiation associated with photosynthesis
Pollen tube growth
6
Salicylic acid (SA) Salicylic acid (SA)
Induction of flowering
Thermogenesis regulation
Bioassay
Keuntungan: sensitif
dapat mengukur aktifitas biologi dgn ekstrak yang
kasar (crude extract)
Kerugian: time consuming
tidak dapat membedakan hormon yang mempunyai
aktifitas sama
HPLC : High Performance Liquid Chromatography Terima kasih
GC-MS: Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry
RIA : Radioimmunoassay
ELISA : Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Transgenic plant containing hormone-responsive promoter fused to a reporter gene