KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur ke Hadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas segala rahmatNya
sehingga buku ini dapat tersusun hingga selesai. Dan harapan kami semoga buku
ini dapat menambah pengetahuan dan pengalaman bagi para pembaca. Buku yang
berjudul “MATEMATIKA PEMINATAN” dapat selesai dengan baik tanpa
halangan suatu apapun.

Karena keterbatasan pengetahuan maupun pengalaman kami, Kami yakin

masih banyak kekurangan dalam buku ini. Oleh karena itu kami sangat
mengharapkan saran dan kritik yang membangun dari pembaca demi
kesempurnaan buku ini.

Besar harapan kami buku ini menjadi sarana membantu siswa/i dalam
memahami materi materi yang berhubungan dengan matematika peminatan.
Demikian apa yang bisa kami sampaikan,semoga pembaca dapat mengambil
manfaat dari buku ini.

Bekasi, September 2018

Penyusun

i
 DAFTAR ISI

Kata Pengantar.............................................................................................................................i

Daftar Isi........................................................................................................................................ii

Bab I Trigonometri.....................................................................................................................1

A. Perbandingan Trigonometri.......................................................................................1
B. Sudut Berelasi.................................................................................................................4
C. Koordinat Kartesisus dan Kutub...............................................................................8
D. Persamaan Trigonometri...........................................................................................14
1) Persamaan Trigonometri “Sin”........................................................................14
2) Persamaan Trigonometri “Cos”........................................................................20
3) Persamaan Trigonometri “Tan”........................................................................27
4) Persamaan Trigonometri “Bentuk Ax2 + Bx + C = 0”.............................53
5) Persamaan Trigonometri “Bentuk a . sin x + b . cos x = c”....................61
E. Identitas Trigonometri................................................................................................49

Bab II Rumus - Rumus Trigonometri.................................................................................63

A. Rumus Jumlah dan Selisih 2 Sudut.......................................................................63

B. Rumus Sudut Rangkap..............................................................................................71
C. Rumus Perkalian Sinus dan Kosinus.....................................................................79
D. Rumus Jumlah dan Selisih Sinus & Kosinus......................................................86

Bab III Lingkaran......................................................................................................................94

A. Persamaan Lingkaran.................................................................................................94
B. Rumus Penting dalam Persamaan Lingkaran......................................................99
C. Kedudukan Titik dan Baris....................................................................................109
D. Persamaan Garis Singgung Lingkaran...............................................................121

ii
 BAB I

PERBANDINGAN TRIGONOMETRI

Sin ∝ = =

Cos ∝ = =

Tan ∝ = =

Cosec ∝ =
Secan ∝ =
Cotg ∝ =

1
“SUDUT ISTIMEWA”

X 0⁰ 30⁰ 45⁰ 60⁰ 90⁰

Sin x 0 1 1 1 1
2 2 3

2 2

Cos x 1 1 1 1 0
3 2
2

2 2

Tg x 0 1 1 3
∞
3

0 sin ∝
=0 =∞ ∝=
0 ∝

“KUADRAN”

r r

y y

−y −y

r r

2
 =+
=+
=+
Kw. 1
=+
−
=−
=−
Sin = −
−
=−
−
=−
−
− =+
Cos = −
=−
=+
−
=−

Tan =

Kw.2

Sin =

Cos =

Tan =

Kw.3

Sin =

Cos =

Tan =

Kw.4

Sin =

Cos =

Tan =

3
 SUDUT BERELASI
90°

Kw. 2 Kw.1

Sin + +

180° 0°/ 360°

Tan + Cos +

Kw. 3 Kw. 4

270°
Kuadran 2 = 180⁰ - ∝
Kuadran 3 = 180⁰ + ∝
Kuadran 4 = 360⁰ - ∝
sin ( 90°+ ∝ ) = + cos ∝
~ cos 90°+ ∝ = − sin ∝
tg ( 90°+ ∝ ) = − ∝
tg ( 270°+ ∝ ) = − ∝
sin ( 180°+ ∝ ) = − sin ∝
cos ( 180°− ∝ ) = − cos ∝
cos ( 180°− ∝ ) = − cos ∝

4
Sin ( ∙ 90 ± ∝)
± cos ∝

n = ganjil
± sin ∝

n = genap
Cos ( ∙ 90 ± ∝)
± sin ∝

n = ganjil
± cos ∝

n = genap
Tg ( ∙ 90 ± ∝)
± cotg ∝

n = ganjil
± tg ∝

n = genap

COSO :
1)
1
sin 120⁰ = ( 90° + 30° ) = + cos30° =
3

1
= ( 180° − 60° ) = + sin 60° =
3

2)
1
cos 150⁰ = 90° + 60° = − sin 60° = −
3

1
= ( 180° − 30° ) = − cos30° = −
3

tg 225⁰ = ( 270° − 45° ) = +450 = 1

0
( 180° + 45° ) = +tg 45 = 1 (ii)

5
 4) sin 300⁰ = ( 270° + 30° ) = − cos30° = − 1

1
0
= ( 360° − 60° ) = − sin 60 = − 3

LATIHAN SOAL

Tentukan nilai dari sudut:

1. sin 110o 7. cos 210o

2. cos 215o 8. sec 315o

3. tg 325o 9. cos 330o
4. o 10. tg (–300o)
cotg 420
5. sec 250o 11. cotg 765o
6. o 12. sin 945o
sin 150

Jawaban:
1. sin 110o = sin (180o – 70o)

= + sin 70o
2. o = cos (180o + 35o)
cos 215

= – cos 35o
3. tg 325o = tg (360o – 35o)

= – tg 35o
4. cotg 420o = cotg (360o + 60o)

= + cotg 60o

= + 3
3
5. o = sec (180o + 70o)
sec 250

= – sec 70o

6
6. sin 150o = sin (180o – 30o)
o
+ sin 30

+½

o
7. cos 210 = cos (180o + 30o)
o
– cos 30

1
– 2 3

o
8. sec 315 = sec (360o – 45o)
o
+ sec 45

+ 2

9. cos 330o = cos (360o – 30o)

+ cos 30o

1
+ 2 3

tg (–300o) = tg (–360o + 60o)

o
+ tg 60

+ 3

o o o
cotg 765 = cotg (720 + 45 )
cotg 45o

o
12. sin 945 = sin (900o + 45o)
o
– sin 45

1
– 2 2

7
 KOORDINAT KARTESIUS DAN KUTUB
90°

Kw. 2 Kw.1

X+ X+

Y− Y+

180° 0°/ 360°

X− X+

Y+ Y−

Kw. 3 Kw. 4

270°
Kartesius →
A ( x , y ) =≫,
2 2
= +
=

1) A 1, 3 → =1, = 3 (kw.1)
= 12 + 32 = 4 = 2

= = = 3

= 60°
∴ , = (2 , 60°)
B −1, 3 → = −1 , = 3 (kw.2)
= (−1)2 + 32 = 4=2

8
 3
= = −1 = − 3

, = (2 , 120°)
Kutub → , =≫ ( , ) = ∙ cos
= ∙ sin

COSO :
8 , 60° = … ? = 8 , = 60°
= ∙ cos = 8 ∙ 60°

1
=8∙ =4
2

= ∙ sin = 8 ∙ 60°

=8∙ 3 =43
2

, = (4 , 4 3)

LATIHAN SOAL

(3, 3 3 )
(–3, 4)
(1, 4)
o
(6, 135 )
o
(8, 60 )
2
(8, 3  )

Jawaban:


Kartesius kutub

(3, 3 3 ) x = 3, y = 3 3

9
 r = 32  3 32  36  6

tg  = y 3 3
3
x 3

o
= 60
o
∴ , = (6, 60 )


Kartesius kutub

(–3, 4) x = –3, y = 4

r =  32  42  25  5

tg  = y  4  1,333
x 3

-1
= tg (–1, 333)

 o
= –58,123 180 – 58,123 = 126, …
∴ , = (5 , 127°)


Kartesius kutub

(1, 4) x = 1, y = 1

r = 12 12  2

tg  = y 1 1
x 1
= 45o

∴ , =( 2 , 45o)


Kutub kartesius
o  o
(6, 135 ) r = 6,  = 135

10
 o 1
x = r cos  = 6, cos 135 = 6 . – 2 2 = –3 2

o 1
y = r cos  = 6, sin 135 = 6 . 2 2 = 3 2
, = (–3 2,3 2)


Kutub kartesius
o  o
(8, 60 ) r = 8,  = 60

o 1
x = r cos  = 8 . cos 60 = 8 . 2 = 4

o 1
y = r sin  = 8 . sin 60 = 8 . 2 3 = 4 3
, = (4, 4 3)


Kutub kartesius
2  2 2 o
(8, 3  ) r = 8, 3  = 180 x 3  = 120 

o 1
x = r cos  = 8 . cos 120 = 8 . – 2 = –4

o 1
y = r sin  = 8 . sin 120 = 8 . 2 3 = 4 3
, = (–4, 4 3)

LATIHAN SOAL

(–3, 3 3 )
(1, 2)
(2, 35o)
(8, 242o)

11
Jawaban:


Kartesius kutub


(–3, 3 3 ) x = –3, y = 3 3

r =  32  3 32  36  6

tg  = y  3 3  3  1,73
x 3 1
= tan-1 (–1, 73) = –59,97 , 180 – 59,97 = 120,03 = 120o
∴ , = (6, 120o)


(1,2) x = 1, y = 2 r =

12  22  5
y 2
tan  = x  1  2
-1
= tan (2) = 63,43
, =( 5 , 63o)

(2, 35o)

o
r = 2,  = 35

x = 2 cos 35o = 2 . 0,82 = 1,6 y

= 2 sin 35o = 2 . 0,57 = 1,14

, = (1,6 , 1,14)

(8, 242o)

o
r = 8 ,  = 242

12
 o o o o
= 8 cos 242 = 8 cos (270 – 242 ) = 8 . –sin 28 = –3,755

= r sin  = 8 sin (270o – 242o) = 8 . cos 28o = –7,063

, = (–3,755 , –7,063)

13
 PERSAMAAN TRIGONOMETRI
Sin ∝ =
Sin x = sin ∝
x=∝+ . 360° = (180°−∝) + .360°

COSO : 1
2 untuk 0° ≤ ≤ 480° !

Tentukan hp dari persamaan sin x =

●sin = 12

sin = sin 30° →∝ ●x = ∝ + . 360°

= 30° + . 360°

k = =030° + 0.360° = 30°

k=1
= 30° + 1.360° = 390°

k=2
= 30° + 2.360° = 750° (TM)
●x = 180° − 30° + . 360°
= 150° + . 360°

k=0
= 150° + 0.360° = 150°

k=1
= 150° + 1.360° = 510° (TM)
Hp 30°, 150°, 390°

14
Tentukan hp dari persamaan sin 2 = 0,6665 untuk 0° ≤ ≤ 360° !
●sin 2 = 0,6665
−1
sin 2 = (0,6665)
sin 2 = sin 41,8° →∝
2x = ∝ + . 360°
= 41,8°+ .360° 2
= 20,9° + . 180°

k = =020,9° + 0.180° = 20,9°

k=1
= 20,9° + 1.180° = 200,9°

k=2
= 20,9° + 2.180° = 380,9°
2x = 180° − 41,8° + . 360°
= 138,2°+ .360° 2
= 69,1° + . 180°

k=0
= 69,1° + 0.180° = 69,1°

k=1
= 69,1° + 1.180° = 249,1°

k=2
= 69,1° + 2.180° = 429,1° (TM)

Hp 20,9°, 69,1°,200,9°, 249,1°

15
Latihan Soal

Tentukan hp dari persamaan berikut:

1) sin x = 1
3 untuk 0° ≤ ≤ 360°
2
1
sin x = 3 untuk 0° ≤ ≤ 180°
sin x = − 23 untuk 0° ≤ ≤ 540°
sin x = -1/2 untuk 0° ≤ ≤ 360°
sin 2x = -1/2 untuk 0° ≤ ≤ 360°

Jawaban :
1) Sin x = ½ Sin x = sin 60°
3
X = + k. 360 °

K = 0 X = 60°

K=1
X = 60° + 360° X = 420°
X =(180-60) + k.360° X = 120° + k.360°

K=0 X = 120°

K=1
X = 120° + 360 ° X = 480°
HP = { 60°, 120° }
Sin x = 13
−1
Sin x = sin 0,5777
Sin x = sin 35,27°
X = + k.360°
X = 35,2° + k.360°

K= 0 X = 35,2°

16
 K=1
X = 35,2° + 360° X = 395,2 °
X = (180 – 35,2) + k.360° X = 144,8° + k.360°

K=0 X = 144,8°

K=1
X = 144,8° + 360° X = 504,8°
HP= {35,2° , 144,8° }
Sin x = − 23

-1
Sin x = sin (-0,866) Sin x = sin
-59,9°
= -60°
X = + k.360°
X = -60° + k.360°

K=0 X = -60°

K=1
X = -60° + .360° X = 300°

K=2
X = -60° + 720 X = 660°
X = (180 – ) + k.360° (180 –(-60)) + k.360° 240 + k.360°

K=0 X = 240°

K=1
X = 240 + 360 X = 600°

17
 HP = {240°,300°}
Sin x = -1/2 Sin x = -30°
X = + k.360°
X = -30° + k.360°

K=0 X = -30°

K=1
X = -30° + 360° X = 330°

K=2
X = -30° + 720° X = 690°
X = (180 – ) + k.360° X = (180 –(-30) + k . 360° X = 210° +
k.360°

K=0 X = 210°

K=1 X = 210° + k.360°

= 570° HP={210°, 330° }

Sin 2x = -1/2
2x = sin - 30°
2x = -30° + k . 360°
X = -15° + k . 180 °

K=0 X = -15°

K=1
X = -15 + 1 . 180° X = 165°

K=2
X = - 15° + 2. 180° X = 345°

18
 K=3
X = -15° + 3. 180° X = 525°
2x = (180 – (30) + k.360°

2x = (180+ 30) +k.360° X = 105 ° k.180°

K=0 X = 105°

K=1
X = 105° + 180° X = 285°

K=2 X =105° + 2.180°

X =105° + 360°
HP = {105°,165°,285°, 345° }

19
 PERSAMAAN TRIGONOMETRI
Cos x = ∝ cos x = cos ∝
x = ∝ + . 360° = −∝ + . 360°

COSO :
Tentukan hp dari cos 3 = 12 untuk 0° ≤ ≤ 180° !
Cos 3 = 12
Cos 3 = 60° →∝
3x = 60°+ .360°
3

= 20° + . 120°

k=0
= 20° + 0.120° = 20°

k = =120° + 1.120° = 140°

k = =220° + 2.120° = 260° (TM)

3 = −60°+ .360°
= −20° + . 120°
3

k=0
= −20° + 0.120° = −20°

k = =1−20° + 1.120° = 100°

k=2
= −20° + 2.120° = 220°
Hp 20°, 100°,140°

20
2. Tentukan hp dari cos = −1 2 untuk 0° ≤ ≤ 360° !

−1

Cos = 2
2

x = ∝ + . 360°
= 135° + . 360°

k = =0135° + 0.360° = 135°

k=1
= 135° + 1.360° = 495° (TM)
x = −∝ + . 360°
= −135° + . 360°

k = =0−135° + 0.360° = −135° (TM)

k=1
= −135° + 1.360° = 235°

k=2
= −135° + 2.360° = 585° (TM) Hp 135°,235°

Latihan Soal
cos x = 0,342° untuk 0° ≤ ≤ 360°

2) cos x = 4
untuk 0° ≤ ≤ 360°
5

3) cos 2x = −
1

3 untuk 0° ≤ ≤ 360°
2

cos x = -0,2346 untuk 0° ≤ ≤ 360°

cos 2x = 0,9397 untuk 0° ≤ ≤ 360°

6) cos x = 1

2 untuk 0° ≤ ≤ 360°
2

21
Jawaban:
Cos x = cos−1 0,342
Cos x = 70°

X = + k.360° X = 70° + k.360°

K = 0 X = 70°

K= 1
X = 70° + 1.360° X = 430°

X = - + k.360° X = -70° + k.360°

K=0
X = -70°

K=1
X = -70°+ 1.360° X = 290°

K=2
X = -70° + 2.360°
X = 650°
HP={70°, 290°}

2) Cos x = 4/5
-1
Cos x = cos (0,8)
x = 36,8°
X = + k.360°
X = 36,8° + k.360°

K=0

22
 = 36,8°
K=1
= 36,8° + 360°
= 396,8°
X = - + k .360°
X = -36,8° + k . 360°

K=0
= -36,8° + 360°
= 323,2°

K=1
= -36,8° + 360°
= 683,2°

K=2
= -36,8° + 720°
X = 683,2°
HP = {36,8°, 323,2° }
3) Cos 2x = -1/2 3
Cos 2x = -30°
Cos 2x = 180 – 30 = 150°
 X = 150° + 360°
2
X = 75°+ 180°

- K=0
X = 75°

- K=1
X = 150° + 1.360°
2

23
 = 255°
K=2
= 150° + 2.360°
2

X = 435° (TM)
 X =− + k .360°
2

= -75° + k.180°

K=0
X = -75°

K=1
X = -75° + 180° X = 105°

K=2
X = -75° + 360° X = 285°

K=3
X = -75° + 3. 180°
X = 465°(TM)
HP = {75°,105°,255°,285°}

Cos x = -0,2846
Cos x = Cos-1 (0,2846) Cos x = 106,53°
X = 106,5° + k.360°

K=0
X = 106,5°

K=1
X = 106,5° + 360° X = 466,5°(TM)
X = -106,5° + k.360°

24
 K=0
X = -106,5°

K=1
X = -106,5° + 360° X = 253,5°

K=2
X = -106,5° + 720° X = 613,5°(TM)

Cos 2x = 0,9397
-1
Cos 2x = Cos (0,9397) Cos 2x = 20°
2x = 20° + k.360°
= 10° + k. 180°

K=0
X = 20° / 2 X = 10°

K=1
X = 20° + 360° X = 380°/ 2
X = 190°

K=2

= 740° / 2 X = 370°

X = − + k.360° X = -10° + k.180°

K=0
X = -10°

25
 K=1
X = -10° + 180° X = 170°

K=2

X = + k.360° X = 45° + k.360°

K = 0 X = 45°

K=1
X = 45° + 360° X = 405°
X = - + k.360°
X = -45° + k . 360°

K=0
X = -45°

K=1
X = -45° + 360° X = 315°

K=2
X = -45° + 720° X = 675°
HP = {45°, 315°}

26
Tg =
PERSAMAAN TRIGONOMETRI
Tg = tg ∝
x = ∝ + . 180°

COSO :
Tentukan hp dari tg = 1 untuk 0° ≤ ≤ 360° ! Tg x = 1
= ∝ + . 180°

k = =045° + 0.180° = 45°

k = =145° + 1.180° = 225°

k = =245° + 2.180° = 405° (TM)

Hp 45°, 225°

1
2. Tentukan hp dari tg 2 − 30° = 3 untuk 0° ≤ ≤ 180° !
3

Tg 1

3 = 30°

2x – 30° = 30° + 180°

2x = 30° + 30° + . 180°

= 60°+ .180° 2
= 30° + . 90°

k = =030° + 0.90° = 30°

k=1
= 30° + 1.90° = 120°

k=2
= 30° + 2.90° = 210° (TM)

27
 Hp 30°, 120°

LATIHAN SOAL

o o o
tg x = tg 54 0 < x < 360
 o
3 tg x + 3 = 0 0 < x < 2
 o o
3 tg 2x = – 3 0 < x < 360
1  o o
tg (2x – 6  ) = 0 0 < x < 360
 o o
tg x = 0,8391 0 < x < 360
 o o
tg x = –0,5735 0 < x < 360
Jawaban:

o
tg x = tg 54
o o
x = 54 + k . 180

- k = 0

o o
54 + 0 . 180

o
54

k= 1
o o
54 + 1 . 180
o
234
k= 2
o o
54 + 2 . 180
o
414
o o
HP {54 , 234 }

3 tg x = – 3

tg x = 3
3

28
 o o
(180 – 30 )

o o
150 + k . 180

k =0

o o
= 150 + 0 . 180

o
=150

k =1

o o
=150 + 1 . 180

o
=330

o
2 =360

o o
HP {150 , 330 }

3. 3 tg 2x = – 3

tg 2x = 3
3
tg 2x = 150o

tg 2x = 150o + k . 180o

tg x = 150 o  k . 180 o

o o
75 + k . 90

k= 0

o o
75 + 0 . 90

o
75

29
 k= 1

o o
75 + 1 . 90

o
165

k= 2

o o
75 + 2 . 90

o
255

k= 3

o o
75 + 3 . 90

o
345

o o o
HP {75 , 255 , 345 }

1
tg 2x = tg 6  2x
o
= 30

x= 30o  k . 180 o
2

o o
15 + k . 90

k= 0
o o
15 + 0 . 90
o
15
k= 2
o o
15 + 2 . 90
o o
15 + 180
o
195
k= 3

30
 o o
15 + 3 . 90
o o
15 + 270
o
285

o o o o
HP {15 , 105 , 195 , 285 }

-1
tg x = tg (0,8391) tg x
o
= tg 40

o o
x = 40 + k . 180

k= 0
o o
40 + 0 . 180
o
40
k= 1
o o
40 + 1 . 180
o
220
k= 2
o o
40 + 2 . 180
o
400

o o
HP {40 , 220 }

-1
tg x = tg (–0,5735) tg x
= tg – 29,8

o
x = –29,8 + k . 180

k= 0
o
–29,8 + 0 . 180
o
–29,8
k= 1
o
150,2

31
 k= 2
330,2

o o
HP {150,2 , 330,2 }

LATIHAN SOAL

Tentukan solusi dari masing-masing persamaan trigonometri di bawah ini

dan tuliskan himpunan penyelesaiannya!

o o o
sin x = sin 43 , 0 < x < 360
1 o o o
cos 2 x = cos 15 , –180 < x < 180

x o o o
tan ( 3 ) = tan 35 , 0 < x < 360
o o o
sin (–2x) = sin 183 , –180 < x < 270
o o o
cos (–3x) = cos 27 , –180 < x < 360

Jawaban:

o
a. sin x = sin 43
o
x= 43 + k . 360
- k = 0

o o
43 + 0 . 360

o
43

- k = 1

o o
43 + 1 . 360

o
403

32
 o o o
 x = (180 – 43 ) + k . 360

o o
137 + k . 360

- k = 0

o o
137 + 0 . 360

o
497

- k = 1

o o
137 + 1 . 360

o
497

o o
HP {43 , 137 } b.

1 o
cos 2 x = cos 15

1 o o
2 x = 15 + k . 360
o o
= 30 + k . 720

k= 0
o o
30 + 0 . 720
o
30
k= 1
o o
30 + 1 . 720
o
750
o o
x =–30 + k . 720
k= 0
o o
–30 + 0 . 720
o
–30
k= 1

33
 o o
–30 + 1 . 720
o
690

o o
HP {–30 , 30 } c.

x o
tan 3 = tan 35

x o o
3 = 35 + k . 180

o o
= 105 + k . 180

k= 0
o o
105 + 0 . 180
o
105
k= 1
o o
105 + 1 . 180
o
285

o o
 HP {105 , 285 }

o
sin (–2x) = sin 183
 –2x = o
183 + k . 360
o

–x = 183o  k . 360 o

2
x = o
–91,5 + k . –180
o

- k = 0

= o
–91,5 + 0 . –180
o

= –91,5
o

34
 - k = 1

o o
–91,5 + 1 . –180

o
–271,5

o o o
 –2x = (180 – 183 ) + k . 360

(180 o 183o )  k . 360 o

–x =
2

o o
=1,5 + k . –180

k= 0
o o
1,5 + 0 . –180
o
1,5
k= 1
o o
1,5 + 1 . –180
o
–178,5
k= 2
o o
1,5 + 2 . –180
o
–358,5

HP {–178,5o, –91,5o, 1,5o}

e. cos –3x  cos 27o
 –3x = o o
27 + k . 360

27 o  k . 360 o
–x =
3

o o
=–9 + k . –120

k= 0
o o
–9 + 0 . –120

35
 o
–9
k= 1
o o
–9 + 1 . –120
o
–129
o o
x =9 + k . –120
k= 0
o o
9 + 0 . –120
o
9
k= 1
o o
9 + 1 . –120
o
–191
k= 2
o o
9 + 2 . –120
o o
9 – 240
o
–231

o o o
HP {–129 , –9 , 9 }

Tentukan
1
penyelesaian dari setiap permasalahan trigonometri berikut!
tan 2 = tan 6 , 0 ≤ ≤ 2
sin 13 = sin 9 , 0 ≤ ≤ 2
cos2 = cos 25 , 0 ≤ ≤ 2

Tentukan himpunan penyelesaian dari setiap persamaan trigonometri

dibawah ini :
sin( − 30)° = sin 15°,0° ≤ ≤ 360°
cos 180 − ° = cos 53°,0° ≤ ≤ 360°
tan + 23 ° = tan 135°, 0° ≤ ≤ 180°

36
Tentukanlah himpunan penyelesaian masing – masing persamaan
trigonometri berikut.
tan(3 + 45)° = tan 93°, 0° ≤ ≤ 180°
cos( 12 − 34 ) = cos 4 , 0 ≤ ≤
sin( 13 + 13 ) = sin 2 , 0 ≤ ≤ 2

Tentukan secara umum himpunan penyelesaian persamaan trigonometri

dibawah ini.
tan(2 − 6) = tan 3
cos(2 + 3) = cos 3
tan(3 − 54 = cot , 0 ≤ ≤ 2

Jawaban
1
:
a. tan 2 = tan 6
1
2 =6
1
2 = 6 × 180°
1
2 = 30°
1
2 = 30° + . 180°
= 60° + . 360°
=0
60° + 0 . 360°
60°
=1

37
60° + 1 . 360°
420° ( )

( 60°) b. sin 13 = sin 9

1
3 = 9 × 180 °
1
3 = 20°
1
3 = 20° + . 180°
1 = 60° + . 1080°
=0
60° + . 1080 °
60°
=1
60° + 1. 1080°
1140° ( )
2 = 180° − 60° + . 1080°
2 = 120° + . 1080°
=0
120° + 0.1080°
120°
=1

38
 120° + 1.1080°
1200°

60°,120° c. cos 2 = cos 25

2 = 52 × 180°
2 = 72°
1 = 36° + . 180°
=0
36° + 0.180°
36°
=1
36° + 1. 180°
216°
2 = −36° + . 180°
=0
−36° + 0.180°
−36°
=1
−36° + . 180°
144°

39
 =2
−36° + 2.180°
324°
36°,144°, 216°, 324°
3. a.sin − 30° = sin 15°
− 30° = 15°
= 45°
1 = 45° + . 360°
=0
45° + 0.360°
45°
=1
45° + 1. 360°
405°
2 = 180° − 45° + . 360°
2 = 135° + . 360°
=0
135° + 0.360°
135°
=1
= 135° + 1. 360°

40
 = 495°( )
(45°,135°)
b. cos 180° − = cos 53°
180° − = 53°
− = 53° − 180°
= 127°
1 = 127° + . 360°
=0
127° + 0.360°
127°
=1
127° + 1.360°
487°
2 = −127° + . 360°
=0
−127° + 0.360°
−127°( )
=1
−127° + 1. 360°
233°
(127°,233°)

41
c. tan + 23° = tan 135°
= 135° − 23°
= 112° + . 180°
=0
112° + 0.180°
112°
=1
112° + 1.180°
292°( )
∴ (112°)

a.tan 3 + 45° = tan 93° tan 3 = tan 93° − 45°

3 = 48°

= 48° + . 180° 3
= 16° + . 60°
=0
16° + 0.60°
16°
=1
= 16° + 1.60°

42
 = 76°
=2
16° + 2.60°
136°
=3
16° + 3.60°
196°
(16°,76°, 136°)
1 3
b.cos( 2 − 4 ) = cos 4
3
cos 2 = cos 4 + 4

1
cos 2 = 180°

1 = 360° + . 720°
=0
360° + 0. 720°
360°( )
2 = −360° + . 720°
=0
−360° + 0. 720°
−360°
=1

43
 −360° + 1. 720°
360°

( ) c. sin( 13 + 13 ) = sin 2
1
=2−3

1
3 = 90° − 60°

1
3 = 30°

1 = 90° + . 1080°
=0
90° + 0. 1080°
90°
2 = 180° − 90° + . 1080°
= 90° + . 1080°
=0
90° + 0. 1080°
90°
90°
a.tan 2 − 6 = tan 3
2 =3+6

44
 2 = 90°
= 90° + . 180° 2
= 45° + . 90°
=0
45° + 0. 90°
45°
=1
45° + 1. 90°
135°
=2
45° + 180°
225°
=3
45° + 270°
315°
=4
45° + 360°
405°
45°,135°, 225°,315°
b.cos2 + 3 = cos 5

45
 2 =5−3
2 = 36° − 60°
−24° + . 360°
1= 2

1 = −12° + 120°
=0
−12° + 0. 180°
−12°
=1
−12° + 1. 180°
168°
=2
−12° + 2. 180°
348°
2 = − −12° + . 180°
2 = 12° + . 180°
=0
12° + 0. 180°
12°
=1
= 12° + 1. 180°

46
= 192°
=2
12° + . 2. 180°
372°

12°,168°, 192°,348° c. sin(3 + 3 ) = sin − 5

sin 3 = sin − 5 − 3
3 = −36° − 60°
−96° + . 360°
1= 3

1 = −32° + . 120°
=0
−32° + 0. 120°
−32°( )
=1
−32° + 1. 120°
88°
=2
−32° + 2. 120°
208°
=3

47
 −32° + 3. 120°
328°
2 = (180° − −32° + . 120°
2 = 212° + . 120°
=0
212° + 0. 120°
212°
=1
212° + 1. 120°
332°
(88°, 208°,212°, 328°,332°)

48
 IDENTITAS TRIGONOMETRI

Rumus – rumus Identitas :

1
sin ∝ =∝
1
∝= sec ∝
1
∝= ∝
∝
∝ = ∝

- 1

= ∝

- 1

= ∝

- 1

= ∝
∝

- cos ∝
=∝
∝

=≫ 2
=
2
+
2

-sin ∝ = = = . ∝

r y
-cos ∝ = = = . ∝

∝ -tg ∝ =

2 2 2
=≫ = +

2 2 2
- = ( .∝) + ( . ∝)

- 2 = 2. 2
∝ + 2. 2
∝
2 2 2 2
- = + ∝+ ∝
-2= 2
∝+ ∝
2

49
 2 2
= ∝+ ∝
=≫ - 2
2
∝= 1 − 2
2
∝
- ∝= 1 − ∝

2 2
1= ∝+ ∝ 2
∶ ∝
2

=≫
1 ∝

=1+

2 2
∝ ∝

- 2
∝= 1 + 2
∝

- 2
∝= 2
∝ −1
2 2 2
= ∝+ ∝: ∝
- 2
∝= 2
∝ +1
- 2
∝= 2
∝ −1
2 2
+ + = +2 +
=≫ 2 2
− − = +2 +
− + = 2− 2

COSO :

2 2 = 1!
1. Buktikan 1 − ∝ 1+ ∝

2 2
( ∝)( ∝) = 1

1 2
∝ =1
2
∝

1=1

50
 2 2
Buktikan (sin − cos ) + (sin + cos ) = 2!
2 2 2 2
( − 2 sin . + )+ + 2 sin cos + )=2

2 2 2 2 =2
+ + +

1+1=2

2 =2

LATIHAN SOAL
1 . sin = cos
1. 2 . sin = cos
1

. sin = cos

cos
. sin = cos
sin

2.
2

=1+
1−

2
1−
=1+
1−

(1− )(1+)
=1+
1−

1 += 1 +

3.
2
1−
2 2
= −
1+ 2

2
1−
2

2 2
= −

2 2

−
2 2

= 2
− 2
1

2 2
−
2 2 2
= −
2

51
 2 2 2 2
− = −
(
4. 2 )2 − (
4
−
2 )2 = 1 − 2
4
=1−2 2
2

2 2 2 2 2
+ − =1−2

2 2 2 2
1 + − =1−2

1 2 2
1−2 =1−2

2 2
1−2 =1−2

5. cos 90°− sin 90°−

+ = 2 sin cos

sin cos
+ = 2 sin cos
1 1

cos sin

sin . cos + cos . sin

= 2 sin
cos
2 sin cos
= 2 sin
cos

+ 90° − = sec . sec 90° − + = sec . sec 90° −

sin cos
+ = sec . sec 90° −
cos

sin

2 2
+
= sec . sec 90° −
cos −sin

1
= sec . sec 90° −
cos −sin

1 1
. = sec . sec 90° −
cos sin

sec . sec(90° − ) = sec . sec(90° − )

52
 PERSAMAAN TRIGONOMETRI
Bentuk+ + =

COSO :
Tentukan Hp dari persamaan 52 + 3 − 2 = 00° ≤ ≤
360°

Jawab : 2
5 +3 −2=0

2
5 +3−2=0

5 −2 +1 =0

(5 cos − 2)( − 1) = 0

5 −2 +1 =0

5 1 =2 2 = −1

2
cos = = 0° = 180 − 0° = 180°
1 5 2

−1 2
= = 180°
1 5 2

1 = 66,42°
1 =∝ + . 360

2 = − ∝ + . 360

● 1 = 66,42 ● 2 = 180

1 = 66,42 + . 360° 3 = 180 + . 360

2
= −66,42 + . 360° 4
= −180 + . 360

53
∗ =0 ∗ =1

1 = 66,42 1 =

2 = −66,42 2 = −239,58

3 3
= 180 =

4
= −180 4
= −180

= {66,42,180,239,58}

Tentukan Hp dari persamaan 2 2 − + 1 = 0 0° ≤ ≤ 360°! Jawab :

2
2 −+ 1 = 0
2
2 − 1 −+ 1 = 0
2
2 −1− − 1) = 0
2
2 − =0

2+ 1 −1=1

2 sec = −1 =1

1 1
sec = − =1
2

-
1 1
=− =1
2

- 2=− °=0

−2 =

TM
1 = 0° + . 360°
2 = −0° + . 360°

54
 =0
1 =0
2 = −0
=1
1 = 360
2 = 360°

-∴= {0°, 360°}

LATIHAN SOAL

Tentukan HP dari persamaan :

1. 2 sin2 x – 9 cos x+3 = 0

→0° ≤ ≤ 360°
2
2(1-cos x – 9 cos x+3 = 0
2
2-2 cos x – 9 cos x+3 = 0
-2 cos2 x – 9 cos x+5 = 0
(-2 cos x+1) (cos x+5) = 0
-2 cos x = -1 cos x = -5 (TM)
1

Cos x =
2

x = 60°

X1 = 60° + k.360° X2 = −60° + k.360°

K=0
X1 = 60° X2 = −60°

K=1
X1 = TM X2 =
300°
Hp = {60°, 300°}

55
2. Cos2 x + cos x – 2 = 0 →0° ≤ ≤ 360°

(cos x–1) (cos x+2) = 0

Cos x = 1 cos x = -2

x = 0°

X1 = 0° + k.360° X2 = −0° + k.360°

K = 0 X1 = 0° X2
= −0°

K=1
X1 = 360°

3. 3 tg x – sec2 x – 5 = 0 → 0° ≤
2
≤ 360°
2 2
tg x – (1+tg x) – 5 = 0
2 2
tg x – 1- tg x – 5 = 0
2 2
tg x – tg x – 6 = 0
tg2 x – 6 = 0
tg2 x = 6 Tg2
x = 3 Tg x =
3
x = 60°

X1 = 60°+ k.180° X2 = −60°+ k.180°

K=0
X1 = 60° X2 = −60°

K=1
X1 = 240° X2 = 120°

56
 K=2
X1 = TM X2 =
300°
Hp = {60°, 120°,240°, 300°}
0° ≤ ≤ 360°

4. Cos2 x – 2 sin2 x = 0 →
Cos2 x – 2 (1-cos2x) = 0
Cos2 x – 2 + 2 cos2 x = 0
3 cos2 x + 2 = 0
cos2 x = -2 Cos 2 x = −
2
3

2
Cos x = + −
3

Cos x = 0,816
-1
x = cos (0,816)
x = 35,26
X1 = 35,26 + k.360° X2 = -35,26 + k.360°

K=0
X1 = 35,26
X2 = -35,26
K=1
X1 = TM
X2 = 324,74
Hp = {35,26 , 324,74}

57
 LATIHAN SOAL
Sin x – 2 sin2 X = 0 → 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π
(sin x) (-2 sin x + 1)
sin x = 0 -2sin x = -1
x=0 sin x = ½
0
x = 30
● Θ1 = 0
● 2 = 30°

X1 = 0+k.360 3

= 30° + . 360

X2 = (180 – 0) + k .360 4
= 150° + . 360

*K=0
* K= 1

0 O
X1 = 0 X1 = 360
X2 = 1800 X2 = TM
X3 = 30 0 X3 = TM
X4 = 1500 X4 = TM
HP = {0, 30 , 150, 180, 360}
2cos2 x – 5 . cos x + 2 = 0 → 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π
(2cos x – 1) (cos x -2)
2cos x = 1 cos x = 2
Cos x = ½ (TM)
x = 600
● ϑ = 60 0

x1 = 60 + k.360
x2 = -60 + k.360
*k=0 *k=1
x1 = 60 x1 = TM
x2 = -60 x2 = 300

HP = { 60,300}

58
2tg x -1 = cotg x -> 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π 2tg x -1 = 1 1

. tg x
2
2tg x – tg x – 1 = 0

(2 tg x + 1) (tg x – 1)
2 tg x = -1 tg x = 1
tg x = -1/2 x = 45
x = 153,4

x1 = 153,4 + k.180
x2 = 45 + k .180
k=0
x1 = 153,4
x2 = 45
k=1
x1 = TM
x2 = TM

4. 6 sin x + 1/sin x = 5
6 sin x + 1/sin x -5 = 0 . sin x
2
6 sin x – 5 sin x + 1 = 0
(3 sin x – 1) (2sin x -1)
3sin x = 1 2 sin x = 1
sin x = 1/3 sin x = ½
ϑ1 = 19,47 ϑ2 = 30
x1 = 19,47 +k.360
x2 = 160,5 +k.360
x3 = 30 + k.360
x4 = 150 + k.360

59
 k = 0 x1 =
19,47 x2 =
160,5 x3=
30
x4 = 150
k = 1 x1
= TM X2
= TM X3
= TM X4
= TM

HP = {30,19,47, 150, 160,5}

60
 PERSAMAAN TRIGONOMETRI
∙+ ∙=
. sin +
2
.2cos = . cos( −∝)
= +

−1
∝=

# . cos
2
+ .
2
= . cos −∝
= +
∝= −1

Catatan :
+ += .1
− += .2
− −= .3
+ −= .4

COSO :
1. Tentukan Hp darI sin − 3 = 2 0° ≤ ≤ 360°!
Jawab :
sin − 3 = 2
= 1 = −3
2 2 2 2
∗ = + = 1 + (− 3)
∝= = −1 3 = −30° = 360 − 30 = 330°
. cos −∝
2 cos − 330 = 2

61
 2 1
cos − 330 = 2 = 2 2
− 330 = 45° = ∝
1 = 45° + 330 + . 360
1 = 375° + . 360°
2 = −45 + 360 + . 360
2 = 285 + . 360
=0
1 = 375° = 360 − 375 = 15°
2= 285
=1
1 =
2=
= {15,285}

62
 BAB II

RUMUS TRIGONOMETRI

A. Rumus jumlah dan selisih 2 sudut

1. Sin (A+B)

= Sin A Cos B + Cos A Sin B

2. Sin (A-B)

= Sin A Cos B – Cos A Sin B

3. Cos (A+B)

= Cos A Cos B – Sin A Sin B

4. Cos (A-B)

= Cos A Cos B + Sin A Sin B

5. Tg (A+B)
= +
1− .

Tg (A-B)
−
1+.

COSO:
Sin 15° =
(45° − 30°)
45°. 30° − 45°. 30°
1 1 1 1
2 2 .2 3 −2 2 . 2

63
 1
4 6
105° =
(60°. 45° − 60°. 45°
(60° + 45°))
1 1 1 1
2.2 2 −2 3.2 2
1
4 2 −416
1
4( 2− 6)

1 3
Jika diketahui Tg x = 2 dan sin y = 5 maka nilai Tg (X-Y) = Jawab :
Tg x : 12
Sin y : 35 →
Tg y : → 34
Tg (x - y) =

−
1+

1 3
.

2− 4
1+21 34
2−3
4
= 3
1+ 8
1
−

11
8
1 8
− 4 × 11
2
− 11

64
 LATIHAN SOAL

Sin 750 =
= Sin ( 45 + 30 )
= 12 2 . 12 3 + 12 2. ½
1
4 6 + 14 2

= 1

6+2
4

Sin 20 Cos 25 + Sin 25 . Cos 20 =

Sin (20 + 25)
Sin 45
1
2 2

Sin 43 . Cos 13 – Cos 43 . Sin 13 =

Sin (43 – 13)
Sin 30
½

Diketahui sin α = 5/13 dan cos β = 4/5

Tentukan : a. Sin (α+β) b.Sin (α-β)
Jawaban :
a. Sinα = 5/13
cosα = 8/13
Sin (α+β)
Sin α . cosβ + cosα . sinβ
5/13 . 4/5 + 12/13 . 3/5

65
 20/65 + 36/65
56/65

b . sin β = 3/5
cosβ = 4/5
sin (α-β)
sin α . cos β – cos α . sinβ
5/13 . 4/5 – 12/13 . 3/5
20/65 – 36 /65
-16/65

Sin x = 5/13 dan cos y = -3/5

Tentukan : a. Sin (x=y) b. Sin (x-y)
Jawaban :
a . sin x = 5/13
cos x= 12/13
sin (x+y)
sin x .cos y + cos x. Sin y
5/13 . -3/5 + 12/13 . 4/5
-15/65 + 48/65
33/65

b. sin y = 4/5
cos y = -3/5
sin (x-y)
sin x cos y – cos x. Sin y
=5/13 . -3/5 -12/13. 4/5
-15/65 – 48/65
-63/65

66
 LATIHAN SOAL

Sederhanakanlah bentuk berikut :

sin 270 − °
sin 42°. cos12° − cos42°. sin 12°
cos 34
cos 76
cos80°. cos10° − sin 80°. sin 10°

f) cos + cos + 120° + cos( + 240°)

g) cos
1
−0 . cos
1
+0 − sin
1
−0 . sin(
1
+ 0)
4 4 4

7. 3 1
Diketahui sin+ = sin − = . Hitunglah sin . cos !
4 2

8. 3 1
Diketahui cos = sin = 2. Tentukan :
5 2

cos +
cos( − )
1 1
Jika cos += 2sin sin = 5, Tentukan nilai tan tan !
Pada ∆ diketahui sin = 35sin = 1517, Tentuka nilai cos !

JAWABAN :
a) sin 270 − °
sin 270°. cos − cos270°. sin
−1. cos − 0. sin
− cos
sin 42°. cos 12° − cos 42°. sin 12°
sin 42° − 12°
sin 30°

67
 1
= 2
3
cos 4
cos 34 × 180°

= 135° = − 2
2
7
cos 6
cos 76 × 180°
cos 210°

=− 12 3

cos80°. cos 10° − sin 80°. sin 10° = cos(80° + 10°)

= cos 90°

=0
cos + cos + 120° + cos( + 240°)
cos + (cos . cos 120° − sin . sin 120°) + (cos . cos 240° − sin . sin 240°)
1 1 1 1

= cos + (cos . − − sin . 3) + (cos . − − sin . − 3)

2 2 2 2

1 1 1 1

= cos − cos − 3 sin − cos + 3

2

2 2 2

cos − cos

1 1 1 1
g) cos −0 . cos +0 − sin −0 . sin( + 0)
4

4 4 4

1 1

= cos −0+ +0
4 4

cos 24
cos 90°

68
 3 1
sin . cos +cos . sin = 4 sin . cos − cos . sin = 2
+
2 sin cos = 54
sin cos = 54 × 12
sin cos = 58
a) cos( + )
3 1
= cos(
+ 2)

5 2

3 1 4 1
= cos
. cos 2 − sin . sin 2

5 2 5 2

= 3 4
2− 2
10

10

1
=− 2

10

cos −
cos(35 − 12 2)

3 1 3 1
= cos . cos 2 + sin . sin 2
5 2 5 2

= 3 4

2+ 2

10 10

= 7

10

69
9.cos . cos − sin . sin =
1
2
+ sin . sin = 15
+
1
cos . cos = 2 + 5
7
= cos

cos

= 10

sin

sin
= tan

tan

= cos

cos

1 5
7

2
= tan

tan

=7

10. + + = 180°
= 180° − ( + )
cos = cos 180° − cos( + )
cos( + )
cos . cos − sin . sin
=
4 8 . −
3 15 .

5 17 5 17

=
32 −
45
85 85

=−
13
85

70
 Rumus Sudut Rangkap
Sin 2A
Sin 2A = Sin (A+A)
Sin A Cos A + Cos A Sin A
Sin 2A = 2 Sin A . Cos A
2 2
Sin 4A = Sin (2A+2A) Sin 4A = 2 A A
1 1
2 Sin 2 . 2

Cos 2A
Cos 2A = Cos (A+A)
2 2
Cos A Cos A – Sin A Sin A Cos 2A = −
2 2
Cos 2A = 1 − −
2
Cos 2A = 1 − 2

Cos 2A = 2
−(1 −
2
)
Cos 2A = 2
−1+ 2

Cos 2A = 2 2
−1

Tg 2A
Tg 2A = Tg (A+A)
+

1− .

2
Tg 2A =
1− 2

COSO :
Diketahui Sin A = 45, Untuk A sudut lancip, tentukan :

a. Sin 2A b. Cos 2A c. Tg 2A

71
Jawab :

Sin 2A = 2 Sin A Cos A 4 3

2. 5. 5
2 . 125
24
25
Cos 2A = 1 − 22
1 − 2 (45)2
1 − 2 (1625)
1 − 3225
− 257

atau
3 2 4 2
Cos2 A – Sin2 A =( 5) − ( 5)
9
25 − 1625
− 257
2
c. Tg 2A =
1− 2

=
4

2 .34
1 .(3

8
3
= 16

1− 9
8
3
− 7
9
8
3 . −97
24
− 7

atau 24
2
=−
25 7

25

72
 24 25
25 . − 7
24
− 7

LATIHAN SOAL
Jika cos = 178 , maka tentukan :
sin 2
cos2
tan 2
Jika tan = 158 pada kw.1,maka :
sin 2
cos 2
Apabila sin − cos = , tentukan2 !
1
Jika sin = 3, tentukan sin 3 !

Diketahui 2
− 2
= 45. Untuk A sudut lancip tentukan sin !

JAWABAN :
a. sin 2
sin +
sin . cos + cos . sin
2 sin . cos
8
2 sin 17 . cos 17
8
2. 17 . 17
120
= 2 . 289

=
240
289

73
 cos +
cos . cos − sin . sin
2
− 2
(178)2 − (1517)2
225
−
289 289
161
=−

289
c. tan 2
=
sin 2
cos2

289
240
161
289

=−
240
161

2. a.sin 2
= sin ( + )
= sin . cos + cos . sin

15 8 8 15
= . + .
17 17 17 17
8
2 .
17 17
240
289

cos2
2 2
−
15
( 17)
2
− (178)2 225 64
−
289 289
161
289

74
 2 2
(sin − cos ) =
2
− 2 sin . cos + 2
2
+ 2 − 2 sin . cos
1 − 2 sin cos = 2
−2 sin cos = 2 − 1
2 sin cos = − 2 + 1
2
=1− 2

sin 3sin(2 + )
sin 2 . cos + cos 2 . sin

2 1 7 1

= 8. 3+ .

9 3 9 9
7
+
27 27
23
27
2 2 4
1− − = 5
2 4
1−2 = 5
−2 2 = 45 − 1
−2 2 = − 15
− 2 = − 101
2
= 101

1
= sin =
10

75
 1 × 10
10 10
1
10

Jika tan 2A = 2p/1-p2 maka sin 2A

=2
Tan 2A =
=1 −

M= 2
2 + (1 – p)2

M= 4 2 + 1 − 2p2+ p4
M= 2 2+ p4 + 1
M= ( 2+ 1 )2

= p2 + 1

2 2
Dik = cos A – sin A = 24/25, untuk A sudut lancip nilai sinA =

Cos2– sin2A = 24/25

( 1 – sin2) - sin2A = 24/25

1 – 2 sin2A = 24/25

1 – 24/25 = 2 sin2A + 2 sin2 A = 1/25

Sin2A = 1/50

Sin A = 1/50

Sin A = x =
1 5 2 52
5 2 5 2 20

2
10
1
10 2

Sin A =

Sin A =

76
 2
8. Jika tan 2A = 1 − 2 , maka cos 2A?
Tan 2A =
=2

=1− 2

Mi = 2
2
+ (1 – m2)2
2 2 4
Mi = 2 +(1 – m +m )
4
Mi = 1+

Mi = 1 + m2

Dik = tan ½ A = p, tentukan nilai cos A? Tan

½ A = p/1 = v/x

Y=p

X=1

R= ( 2 + 12) = r2 = p2 + 1

Cos A = cos ( ½ A + ½ A)

Cos A = cos2 ½ A – sin2 A

2 = 1−222

2 2
− 12 − 2
1− 2

1−2

= =
+
2 2
1+ 2

Nilai dari (sin 15° + cos 15° ) (sin 15° - cos 15° ) (sin 15° + cos 15° ) ( sin 15° - cos 15° )

= -(cos2 15° - sin 15° - cos 15° )

77
- cos 2 (15)
- cos 30°
-1/2 3

78
C. Rumus Perkalian Sinus dan Kosinus

Sin(A+B) = Sin A Cos B + Cos A Sin B

Sin (A-B) = Sin A Cos B – Cos A Sin B +

Sin (A+B) + Sin (A-B) = 2 Sin A Cos B

Sin (A+B) = Sin A Cos B + Cos A Sin B

Sin (A-B0 =Sin A Cos B – Cos A Sin B -

Sin (A+B) – Sin (A-B) = 2 Cos A Sin B

Cos (A+B) = Cos A Cos B – Sin A Sin B

Cos (A-B) = Cos A Cos B + Sin A Sin B +

Cos (A+B) + Cos (A-B) = 2 Cos A Cos B

Cos (A+B) = Cos A Cos B – Sin A Sin B

Cos (A-B) = Cos A Cos B + Sin A Sin B -

Cos (A+B) – Cos (A-B) = -2 Sin A Sin B

COSO :

Tentukan nilai dari :

2 sin a cos 3a
2 cos 80°sin 50°
2 cos 75° cos 15°
Sin (38 ) sin (8)

Jawab :

2 sin a cos 3a = sin (a+3a) + sin (a-3a)

sin 4a + sin (-2a)
2 cos 80° sin 50°
sin 4a – sin 2a
sin (80°+50°) – sin (80°-50°)
sin 130° - sin 30°
sin 130° - 12

79
 2 cos 75° cos 15°
cos (75°+15°) + cos (75°-15°)
cos 90° + cos 60°
0 + 12
1
2
Sin (38 ) sin (8)
− 12 [ cos (38 + 8) – cos (38 - 8) ]
− 12 [ cos (48 ) – cos (28 ) ]
− 12 [ cos 90°- cos 45° ]

=−
1
[0- 1

2
]
2 2
1
0+ 4 2
1
42

LATIHAN SOAL

Tentukan nilai dari =

2cos 72° cos 8°
2 sin 73° sin 13°

2 cos 2x cos y
4 sin 8 sin 16
4 cos 7 cos 5

6 sin 3x sin x
2 sin 20° cos 55°
2 cos 18° sin 71°

4 sin 3A cos 2A
Cos 5A sin 3A

JAWABAN :
a) 2 cos 72° cos 8°
cos (72° + 8° ) + cos (72° - 8° ) = cos 80° + cos 64°

80
sin 73° sin 13°
cos( 73° + 13° ) + cos( 73° - 13° )
cos 86° + cos 60°
cos 86° + ½

2 cos 2x cos y

Cos (2x + y) + cos (2x – y)

Cos 2x + y + cos 2x – y
d) 4 sin 8 sin 16
2 – (cos 8 + 16 ) – cos( 8 − 16)
3
2 (- cos 16 ) + cos (16)
2 cos 16 − cos 316
e) 4 cos 7 cos 5

2 cos ( + ) + cos (
7
- )
5 7 5

2 cos ( )
12 2
) + cos ( -
35

35

2 cos + cos -
12 2
35

35

f) 6 sin 3x sin x

6 – (cos 3x + x) + cos ( 3x – x)

6( - cos 4x) – cos( 2x)

-Cos 24x – cos 12x

81
 g) 2 sin 20° cos 55°
sin ( 20° + 55° ) + sin ( 20° - 55°)
sin 75° + sin - 35°
h) 2 cos 18° sin 71°
sin (18° + 71° ) – sin (18° - 71°)
sin( 89°) – sin (- 53° )
sin 89° + sin 53°

4 sin 3A cos 2A

2 (sin (3A + 2A) + sin (3A – 2A))

2 ( sin 5A + sin A)

Sin 10A + sin 2A

sin( 5A + 2A) – sin (5A – 2A)

sin 7A – sin 3A

Tentukan nilai dari:

cos 7x cos 2x

3 1
4 cos 2 A cos 2 A

10 sin (4A + 3b) sin (4A – 3b)

o o o o o o
Sin (a + b + c ) sin (a – b + c )
o o
2 sin 37½ cos 7½
o o
2 cos 82½ sin 37½
o o
2 sin 105 cos 75
o o
2 cos 105 sin 75

82
 o o
2 cos (45 + ) cos (45 – )
 
2 cos ( 2 + ) sin ( 2 – )

JAWABAN :

½ (cos 7x + 2x) + cos (7x – 2x))

=½ (cos 9x + cos 5x)

=½ cos 9x + ½ cos 5x

3 3
2 [cos ( 2 A + ½A) + cos ( 2 A – ½A)]
4 2
=2 [cos 2 A + cos 2 A]

=2 [cos 2A + cos 1A]

=2 cos 2A + 2 cos A

10 sin (4A + 3b) sin (4A – 3b)

=5 [–[cos (4A + 3b) + (4A – 3b) – cos (4A + 3b) – (4A – 3b)]]

=5 [–[cos 8A – cos 6b]]

=5 [–cos 8A + cos 6b]

=–5 cos 8A + 5 cos 6b

o o o o o o
sin (a + b + c ) sin (a – b + c )
o o o o o o o o o o
½ [–[cos (a + b + c ) + (a – b + c ) – cos (a + b + c ) – (a
o o
– b + c )]]

½ [–[cos 2a + 2c – cos 2b]]

½ (– cos 2a + 2c + cos 2b)

½ - cos 2a + 2c + ½ cos 2b / ½ cos 2b – ½ cos 2a + 2c

83
 o o
2 sin 37½ cos 7½
o o
sin (37½ + 7½ ) + sin (37½ – 7½)

o o
sin 45 + sin 30

½ 2+½

o o
2 cos 82½ sin 37½
o o o o
sin (82½ + 37½ ) – sin (82½ – 37½ )

o o
sin 120 – sin 45

–½ 3 – ½ 2

o o
2 sin 105 cos 75
o o o o
sin (105 + 75 ) + sin (105 – 75 )

o o
sin 180 + sin 30

0+½=½

o o
2 cos 105 sin 75
o o o o
sin (105 + 75 ) – sin (105 – 75 )

o o
sin 180 – sin 30

0 – ½ = –1/2

o o
2 cos (45 + ) cos (45 – )
o o o o o
cos (45 + ) + (45 – ) + cos (45 +  ) – (45 – )

o
cos 90 + cos 2

0 + cos 2 = cos 2

84
  
2 cos ( 2 + ) sin ( 2 – )
o o
cos (90 + ) sin (90 – )

o o o o
sin (90 + ) + (90 – ) – sin (90 + ) – (90 – )

o
sin 180 – sin 2

0 – sin 2 = – sin 2

85
D. Rumus Jumlah dan Selisih Sinus dan Kosinus

Sin (A+B) + Sin (A-B) = 2 Sin A Cos B

Misal : A+B = X
A-B = Y +
2A = X+Y
+
= 2
A = 12 (X+Y)

A+B = X
A-B = Y -
2B = X-Y −
= 2
B = 12 (X-Y)

Sin (A+B) + Sin (A-B) = 2 Sin A Cos B

1 1
Sin x + Sin y = 2 Sin 2 (x+y) Cos 2 (x-y)

Sin (A+B) – Sin (A-B) = 2 Sin A Cos B Sin x – Sin y = 2 Cos 12 (x+y) Sin 12 (x-y)

Cos (A+B) + Cos (A-B) = 2 Cos A Cos B Cos x + Cos y = 2 Cos 12 (x+y) Cos 12 (x-y)

Cos (A+B) – Cos (A-B) = -2 Sin A Sin B Cos x – Cos y = -2 Sin 12 (x+y) Sin 12 (x-y)

COSO :

Sederhanakanlah! a.
Sin 6x + Sin 2x

86
Cos 105° - Cos 15°
Cos 195° + Cos 105°
Sin 34° + Sin 26°
Cos 6 – Cos 2

sin 6x + sin 2x
2 sin 12 (x+y) cos 12 (x-y)
2 sin 12 (6x+2x) cos 12 (6x-2x)
2 sin 12 (8x) cos 12 (4x)

2 sin 4x cos 2x
cos 105° - cos 15°
-2 sin 12 (x+y) sin 12 (x-y)
-2 sin 12 (105+15) sin 12 (105-15)
-2 sin 12 (120) sin 12 (90)
-2 sin 60° sin 45°
-2 (12 3) (12 2)
-2 (14 6
− 12 6
cos 195° + cos 105°
2 cos 12 (195+105) cos 12 (195-105)
2 cos 12 (300) cos12 (90)
2 cos 150° cos 45°

2 (-cos 30) cos 45

= 2 (−
)( ) 1 1
3 2
2

= 2 (−
1 )
6

87
 1
− 2 6
sin 34°+ sin 26°
2 sin 12 (34+26) cos 12 (34-26)
2 sin 12 (60) cos 12 (8)

2 sin 30 cos 4
1
2 ( 2) cos 4

cos 4
cos 6 – cos 2
-2 sin 12 (6 +2 ) sin 12 (6 -2 )
-2 sin 12 (8 ) sin 12 (4 )

-2 sin 4 sin 2

LATIHAN SOAL

Sederhanakanlah bentuk berikut!

o o
sin 160 + sin 40
cos 2x + cos 8x
sin 4x – sin 6x
o o
cos 54 – cos 12
o o
cos 105 + cos 15
o o
sin 105 – sin 15
cos 195o  cos 105o
sin 105o  sin 15o

cos 75o  cos 15o sin

75o  sin 15o

88
JAWABAN :

o o
sin 160 + sin 40
o o o o
2 sin ½ (160 + 40 ) cos ½ (160 – 40 )

o o
2 sin ½ (200 ) cos ½ (120 )

o o
2 sin 100 cos 60

o o
2 sin 100 . ½ = sin 100

cos 2x + cos 8x
2 cos ½ (2x + 8x) cos ½ (2x – 8x)

2 cos ½ (10x) cos ½ (–6x)

2 cos 5x cos – 3x

2 cos 5x cos 3x

c. sin 4x – sin 6x Sudut negatif

= 2 cos ½ (4x + 6x) sin ½ (4x – 6x) sin (–x) = – sin x

= 2 cos ½ (10x) sin ½ (–2x) cos (–x) = + cos x

= 2 cos 5x sin – x tg (–x) = – tg x

–2 cos 5x sin x d.
o o
cos 54 – cos 12
o o o o
–2 sin ½ (54 + 12 ) sin ½ (54 – 12 )

o o
–2 sin ½ (66 ) sin ½ (42 )

o o
–2 sin 33 sin 21

89
e. cos 105o + cos 15o
= o o o o
2 cos ½ (105 + 15 ) cos ½ (105 – 15 )
= o
2 cos ½ (120 ) cos ½ (90 )
o

= o
2 cos 60 cos 45
o

= 2.½.½ 2

= ½ 2
f. o
sin 105 – sin 15
o

= o o o
2 cos ½ (105 + 15 ) sin ½ (105 – 15 )
o

= o
2 cos ½ (120 ) sin ½ (90 )
o

= o
2 cos 60 sin 45
o

= 2.½.½ 2

= ½ 2

g. cos 195o  cos 105o

sin 105o  sin 15o
 2 sin 1 (195o 105o ) sin 1 (195o 105o )
= 2 2
1 1
2 cos (105 15 ) sin (105o 15o )
o o

2 2
 2 sin 1 (300 ) sin 1 (90 )
o o

= 2 2
1 1
2 cos (120 ) sin (90o )
o

2 2

 2 sin150 o sin 45o

=
2 cos 60o sin 45o

90
 1 1
2( . 2)
= 2 2
1 1

2( 2 . 2 2 )

1
2( 2)
4
=
1

2( 4 2 )
2
= –1
2

cos 75o  cos 15o sin

75o  sin 15o
1 1
2 cos (75o 15o ) cos (75o 15o )
= 2 2
1 1
2 cos 2 (75o 15o ) sin 2 (75o 15o )

2 cos 75o cos30o

=
2 cos 45o sin 30o

1
3
2
= = 3
1
2

LATIHAN SOAL

cos 6x + cos 2x
2 cos ½ (6x + 2x) . cos ½ (6x – 2x)

2 cos ½ (8x) . cos ½ 4x

2 cos 4x . cos 2x

91
 o o
cos 160 + cos 80
o o o o
2 cos ½ (160 + 80 ) . cos ½ (160 – 80 )

o o
2 cos ½ (240 ) . cos ½ (80 )

o o
2 cos 120 . cos 40

o o
2 . –½ . cos 40 = – cos 40

sin 4x – sin 6x
2 cos ½ (4x + 6x) x sin ½ (4x – 6x)

2 cos ½ 10x . sin ½ – 2x

2 cos 5x . sin –x

o o
sin 155 – sin 25
o o o o
2 cos ½ (155 + 25 ) . sin ½ (155 – 25 )

o o
2 cos ½ (180 ) sin ½ 130

o o
2 cos 90 sin 65

o
2 . 0 . sin 65 = 0

5. sin 81o  sin 21o

sin 69o  sin 171o
2 sin 1 (81o  21o ) . cos 1 (81o  21o )

= 2 2
2 cos 1 (69o 171o ) . sin 1 (69o 171o )
2 2
o
2 sin 1 102 . cos 1 60 o

= 2 2
2 cos 1 240o . sin 1 102o
2 2

92
= 2 sin 51o . cos 30o
2 cos 120o . sin  51o
2 sin 51o . 1

3
= 2
2  1 . sin  51o
2
o
1

= 2 sin 51 . 2 3
sin 51o

= 1.½ 3 = 3

93
 BAB III

LINGKARAN

Persamaan Lingkaran
Pusat (0,0)

P(0,0)
2 2 2
= + =
Misalnya: diketahui
2 2
2
+ 2
= 16 tentukan jari-jarinya!
+ = 16
2 2
+ =
2
= 16
=4

Pusat (a,b)

b ● P(a,b)
2 2 2
L=( − ) +( − ) = a

Bentuk2 Persamaan
2
Lingkaran
L= + ++ + = 0

= −
2
,−
2
, =
2
−

94
Contoh Soal:

Tentukan Pusat dan jari – jari dari:

− 3 2 + − 2 2 = 25
2 2 2
− + − =
, = −3,2
2
= 25
=5
2
+ 2−4 +8 −5=0

4 −8
= − ,− → = ,
2 2 2 2

2, −4
2 2
= 2 + −4 — (−5) = 4 + 16 + 5 = 25 = 5

Tentukan Persamaan Lingkaran Jika:

Pusat 2, −3 , r = 4
− 2+ − 2
= 2

− 2 2 + + 3 2 = 42 − 2 2 + + 3 2 = 16
P −1,2 melalui 4,5 !
2 2 2
− + + =
2 2
4 − −1 +5−2=
2
25 + 9 =
2
−34 =

95
 2 2 2
= − + − =
2 2
= +1 + − = 34

Latihan Soal !

Tentukan Persamaan dari :

P (5.0),r = 6
2 2 2
(x-a) + (y-b) = r
2 2 2
(x-5) + (y-0) = 6
(x-5)2 + (y-0)2= 36
P (-4,0) , r = 4
(x-a)2 +(y-b)2 = r2
(x+4)2+(y-0)2 = 42
(x+4)2+(y-0)2= 16
P (0,5), r = 5
2 2 2
(x-a) +(y-b) = r
2 2 2
(x-0) +(y-5) =5
(x-0)2+(y-5)2= 25
P (0,-4), r =3
2 2 2
(x-a) + (y-b) = r
2 2 2
(x-0) + (y+4) = 3
(x-0)2 + (y+4)2 = 9
P (4,3),r =4
2 2 2
(x-a) + (y-b) = r
2 2 2
(x-4) + (y-3) = 4
(x-4)2 + (y-3)2 = 16
P (-4,3),r = 4
2 2 2
(x-a) + (y-b) = r
2 2 2
(x+4) + (y-3) = 4
(x+4)2 + (y-3)2 = 16

96
Tentukan Pusat dan jari – jari dari :
(x-1)2 + (y+2)2 = 9 (x-
a)2 + (y-b)2 = r2 p
(a,b) = p (1,-2) r2
=9
r=3
x2 + y2 = 36
x2 + y2 = r2
r2 = 36
r2 = 6
(x+2)2 + (y+7)2 = 17
(x-a)2 + (y-b)2 = r2
p (a,b) 2 = p (-2,-7)
r2 = 25
r=5
2 2
(x+3) + (y-2) = 17
2 2 2
(x-a) + (y-2) = r
2 2
P(a,b) = p (-3,2) r
= 173.

Tentukan Persamaan , jika :

P (1,2) melalui (3,1)
(3-1)2 + (1-2)2 =
r2 22 + (-1)2 = r 2
2
5=r
2 2 2
L = (x-a) + (y-b) = r
2 2
(x-1) + (y-2) = 5
P (1,6) melalui (4,3)
2 2 2
(4-1) + (3-6) = r
32 + (-3)2 = r2
18 = r2

97
 = (x-a)2 + (y-b)2 = r2
(x-1) + (y-6) = 18
P (-3,-5) melalui (-1,-5)
2 2 2
(-1-(-3)) + (-5-(-5)) = r
2 2 2
2 +0 =r
4 = r2
2 2 2
L = (x-a) + (y-b) = r =
2 2
(x+3) + (y+5) = 4
P (-6,8) melalui (0,0)
(0 – (-6)) + (0-8)2 =
2 2 2 2
r 6 + (-8) = r
100 = r2
10 = r
2 2 2
= (x-a) + (y-b) = r
2 2
(x+6) + (y-8) = 10
P (-2,0) melalui (1,4) (1-
2 2 2
(-2)) + (4-0) = r
32 + 42 = r2
25 = r2
5=r
2 2 2
= (x-a) + (y-b) = r
(x+2)2 + (y-b)2 = 25
(x+2)2 + (y-b)2 = 5
P (0,0) melalui (-4,1)
(-4-0)2 + (1-0)2 =
r2 42 + 12 = r2
2
17 = r
2 2 2
= (x-a) + (y-b) = r
2 2
(x-0) + (y-0) = 17

98
 Rumus Penting dalam Persamaan Lingkaran

1) Titik Tengah Antara 2 Titik

A T B
x y x y
( 1 , 1) ( 2 , 2)
= ( 1+2 2 + 1+2 2)

Misal: ● ● T?
A(2,6) B(4,8)
2+4 6+3
=( 2 , 2 ) = 3,7

Jarak Titik Ke Titik

d

A (x1 , y1) B (x2 , y2)

2 2
= 2−1 + 2− 1

Misal: ● ● d?
A (3,5) B (2,-1)
2 2
= 2 − 3 + −1 − 5 = 1 + 36 = 37

Jarak Titik Ke Garis

ax + by + c = 0

99
 = 2
1+ 1+ +
2

Misal: ● (3,1)

3x + 4y - 2 = 0
= 3 3 + 1 4 −2 = 9+4+2 = 11
32+42255

Hubungan Jari – jari dengan Garis Singgung

P (a,b) dengan sumbu x
y

=
b ● (a,b) (2,3)
=3

b) P(a,b) dengan sumbu y

b
● (a,b) (3,2)
r
=3

100
Contoh Soal:

Persamaan yang ujung – ujungnya melalui titik (5,4) dan titik (-3,6) adalah...
L=?

r=?
r = 12
1+ 2 1+ 2 5+ −3 4+6
= 2 , 2 = 2 , 2 = 1,5
2 2
d=2= −3 − 5 + 6 − 4 = 64 + 4 = 68 = 2 17
= 17
2 2 2
∴ = − + + = 2

= −12+ +52= 17
2 2
− 1 + + 5 = 17

Suatu dengan pusat A(3,2) dan disinggung oleh garis 3 + 4 − 27 = 0 adalah ...

(3,2)

3x + 4y - 27 = 0
= 1+ 1+
=
+2
2

3 3 + 1 4 −27 9+8+27 −10

= = = −2
25 5

2 2
3 +4

=2

101
 2 2
∴ = − + − =2
2 2 2
−3 + +4 =2
2 2
−3 + +4 =4

Latihan Soal !
Tentukan persamaan ⊙ jika :

a. Pusat (3,4) menyinggung sumbu y!

= =3=3
= ( − )2 + ( − )2 = 2

( − 3)2 + ( − 4)2 = 9

Pusat (5,7) menyinggung sumbu x!

→ = =7
= ( − )2 + ( − )2 = 2

( − 5)2 + ( − 7)2 = 49

Melalui titik (-2,9) dan (4,3)!

1 + 2 1 +2
→ = ,

2
2

−2 + 4 9+3

= ,
2 2

= 1,6
= ( 2 − 1)2 + ( 2 − 1)2
2= (4 − −2 )2 + (3 − 9)2
2= 72
2=62→ =32
= ( − )2 + ( − )2 = 2

( − 1)2 + ( − 6)2 = (3 2)2

( − 1)2 + ( − 6)2 = 18
d. Pusat (4,8) menyinggung garis4 − 3 − 50 = 0

. 1+ . 1 + 4.4+ −3 . −8 +(−50) 16+24−50 −10

→ = = = = =2
16+9

2 2 2 2
+ 4 +(−3)

102
 2 2 2
=( − ) +( − ) =
( − 4)2 + ( − (−3)2 = 22
( − 4)2 + ( + 3)2 = 4
Pusat (1,6) menyinggung garis − − 1 = 0
. +. +2 2
→= 1 1 +
= 1.1 + −1 . 6 − 1 2 2
= −6 = −6 × 2

2 2 2

= −3 2

=32
= ( − )2 + ( − )2 = 2
∴

= ( − 1) + ( − 6) = 3 2 2 = ( − 1)2 + ( − 6)2 = 18
2 2

Diketahui titik A (4,2) dan garis 2 + = 4. Tentukan :

Jarak titik A ke garis

.
= = 1+ .1+ 2 2
+

= 2.4 + 1.2 − 4 22 + 12
8+2 −4 6
= =

5 5

6 5 6 5

= × =

5
5 5

Persamaan ⊙!
= = − )2 + ( − )2 = 2

6 5

= ( − 2)2 + ( − 1)2 =
5

103
 2 2 180
( − 2) + ( − 1) = 25
( − 2)2 + ( − 1)2 = 365

Koordinat garis singgungnya!

→ 2 + = 4 ↔ = −2 + 4 → 1 = −2 ⊥ = 1. 2 = −1
−2. 2 = −1
1
=

2=2
→ −1= 2 −1
1

−2=2 −4 ×2

2 −4= −4

eliminasi
−2 =0 ×2

2 + =4 (× 1)

2 −4 =0
-
2 + =4
−5 = −4
4
= 5
−2 =0

4
−2 =0
5

8
− =0
5

8
=
5

8 4

∴= ,
5 5

104
Tentukan Persamaan lingkaran jika diketahui unsur-unsur berikut ini.
P(1,2) melalui titik (3,-1)
P(3,1) melalui titik (-1,-2)
P(0,4) menyinggung sumbu x
P(3,-4) menyinggung sumbu y
P(-5,6) menyinggung sumbu x
P(-2,5) menyinggung garis x = 7
P(5,5) menyinggung garis kedua sumbu koordinat
P(-3,-5) menyinggung garis 12x+ 5y – 4 = 0
P(1,4) menyinggung garis 3x – 4y – 2 = 0
Melalu ititik koordinat (4,-6), (7,-3) dan (4,0)

Jawaban

(x – a)2 + ( y – b)2 = r2 (3
2 2 2
– 1) + (-1-2) = r 4
+ 9 = r2
2
13 = r
2 2 2
L = (x – a) + (y – b) = r
2 2
L= (x – 1) + (y – 2) = 13

(x – a)2 + ( y – b)2 = r2 (-1

– 3)2 + (-2 – 1)2 = r2 16
+ 9 = r2
25 = r2
2 2 2
L = (x – a) + ( y – b) = r L
2 2
= ( x – 3) + ( y – 1) = 25

r=4
2 2 2
L = ( x – a) + ( y – b) = r L
2 2 2
= ( x – 0 ) + ( y – 4) = 4 L
2 2
= (X – 0) + ( y – 4) = 16

105
r =3
2 2 2
L = ( x – a) + ( y – b) = r
2 2 2
L = ( x – 3 ) + ( y + 4) = 3
2 2
L = (X – 3) + ( y+ 4) = 9

e) r=I6I
L = ( x – a)2 + ( y – b)2 = r2

 (-5,6)
B (a,b) 2 2
L = ( x – (-5 ) + ( y – 6) = 6
2

L = (X + 5)2 + ( y – 6)2 = 36

P(-2,5) , x = 7
(x,y) = (7,0) , a = 1, b = 0, c = 7
ax + b + c
= 1 1
2
+ 2

R= 1 −2 + 0 5 + 7

2 2
1 +0

R=
−2 + 0 + (7)

R= −5

R = 51 = 1
L = (x + 2)2 + (y – 5)2 = (5)2

2 2
L = ( x + 2) + ( y – 5) = 25

g)
5  (5,5) R=5

2 2
L =(X – 5) + (Y – 5)

106
 h) R = ax 1+ b 1+ c

2 2
+

12(−3) + 5(−5) + (−4)

R=
2 2
12 + 5

−36+ −25 +(−4)

R=
144+25

R= −65
169
R= 65
13

R=5
L = (x – a)2 + (y – b)2 = r2
2 2 2
= (x – 12) + ( y – 5) = 5 L
2 2
= (x – 12) + ( y – 5) = 25
ax + b + c
R= 1 1
+
2 2

R=
3 1 + −4 4 +(−2)

2 2
3 + (−4)

3 +(−16) + (−2)
R=
9+16

−15
R=
25

R= 15 =3
5

L = (x – a)2 + (y – b)2 = r2
2 2 2
L = (x – 3) + ( y + 4) = 3
2 2
L = ( x – 3) + ( y + 4) = 9

107
( 4 – a)2 + ( -6 – b)2 = r2 ( 7
– a)2 + ( -3 – b)2 = r2 ( 4
– a)2 + ( 0 – b)2 = r2 ( 4
– a)2 + ( -6 – b)2 = r2 ( 4
– a)2 + ( 0 – b)2 = r2 ( -6
– b)2 - ( 0 – b)2 = 0 36 +
12b + b2 – b2 = 0 36 =
-12b
-3 = b

2 2 2
( 7 – a) +( 4 – a) = r
2 2
49 – 14a + a – (16 + 8a + a ) – 9 =
0 24 – 6A = 0
24 = 6a
a=4

L = (x – a)2 + (y – b)2 = r2
L = (4 – 4)2 + (-6 + 3)2 =
r2 9 = r 2
2 2 2
L = (x – a) + (y – b) = r
2 2
L = (x – 4) + (y + 3) = 9

108
Kedudukan Titik dan Baris

A. Kedudukan Titik terhadap

# Titik A di dalam

● A (x,y)
2 2
+ + + + <0

2 2 2
( − ) +( − ) <

# Titik A pada

● A (x,y)
2 2
+ + + + =0

2 2 2
( − ) +( − ) =

# Titik A diluar

● A (x,y)
2 2
+ + + + >0

2 2 2
( − ) +( − ) >

Contoh Soal:

Kedudukan titik t(1,2) terhadap lingkaran 2 + 2 − 4 + 5 − 10 = 0 adalah

Kedudukan titik k(2,-3) terhadap lingkaran ( − 3)2 + ( + 2)2 − 10 = 0 adalah

Jawab:

109
 2 2
(1,2) + + 4 + 5 + 10 = 0
2 2
1 + 2 – 4(1) + 5(2) – 10 =
0 5 – 4 + 10 – 10 = 0
1>0

(diluar lingkaran)
2 2
(2,-3) ( − 3) + ( + 2) = 10

(2 – 3)2 + (-3 + 2)2 = 10

1 + 1 = 10
2 = 10
2 < 10
(di dalam lingkaran)
Kedudukan Garis Terhadap
Memotong Lingkaran
D>0

# Menyinggung Lingkaran

D=0

Tidak Memotong / Menyinggung Lingkaran D

<0

110
Contoh Soal:

Tentukan kedudukan garis y = 2x+3 terhadap lingkaran 2 + 2 − 2 + 3 + 5 = 0!

2 2
Tentukan kedudukan garis x+y = 2 terhadap lingkaran + +2 −
5 + 4 = 0!

Jawab:

2 2
1. y = 2x+3 x + y -2x + 3y + 5 = 0
2 2
x + (2x+3) -2x + 3 (2x+3) + 5 = 0
2 2
x + 4x + 12x + 9 – 2x + 6x + 9 + 5 = 0
2
5x + 16x + 23 = 0

2
0 = b – 4ac

2
16 – 4.5.23

256 – 460

- 204

D < 0 (tidak memotong / menyinggung lingkaran)

2. x +y = 2 x2 + y2 + 2x – 5y + 4 = 0
y = 2-x x2 + (2-x)2 + 2x – 5 (2-x) + 4 = 0
x2 + 4 – 4x + x2 + 2x -10 + 5x + 4 = 0
2x2 + 3x -2 = 0

2
0 = b – 4ac
2
3 - 4.2.(-2)
9 + 16
25
D > 0 (memotong lingkaran)

111
→ Menentukan Koordinat Titik Potong

2
2x + 3x – 2 = 0
(2x-1) (x+2) = 0
2x = 1 x2 = -2
x1= 1
2

x+y= x+y=2
1
2

y=2−
1 y = 2 – (-2)
2

y= 3 y=4
2

1 3
∴A = ( , ) ∴B = (-2,4)
2

x+y=2 → (0,2) (2,0)

A(
1
, ) 3
, B (-2,4)
2

y
●- - - - - - - - 4●

3●

2●

- - -●
3

-2 -1 0 1 1 2
2

→ Menentukan Titik Pusat

, )
P= ( 1+ 2 1+2

)
1 3
−2 +4 3 11
=( )
,
2 2

= (− ,
2

2 4 4

112
Latihan Soal !

Tentukan kedudukan dan gambarlah titik terhadap ⊙(x – 2) + (y + f)2 = 40!

A(2, 5)
B(–4, –3)
C(0, –4)
D(8, –7)
E(–1, 2)
F(6, –2)
Tentukan dan gambarkan serta tentukan koordinat titik potong/titik singgung garis
terhadap:
⊙x2 + y2 = 10 !

x+y=2
x–y=5
y = 3x + 10
Jawaban :
1. A. (2, 5)  2 + (y + 5)2 = 40
(x – 2)
(2 – 2)2 + (5 + 5)2 = 40
0 + 100 = 40

100 > 40

(2, 5) 
diluar ⊙


B. (–4, –3) (x – 2)2 + (y + 5)2 = 40
(–4 –2)2 + (–3 + 5)2 = 40

36 + 4 = 40

40 = 40


(–4, –3) dipinggir ⊙

113
  2 2
(0, –4) (x – 2) + (y + 5) = 40 (0 –
2 2
2) + (–4 + 5) = 40

4 + 1 = 40


(0, –4) di 5 < 40 dalam ⊙
 2 2
(8, –7) (x – 2) + (y + 5) = 40 (8 –
2 2
2) + (–7 + 5) = 40

36 + 4 = 40

40 = 40


(8, –7) dipinggir ⊙
E. (–1, 
2) (x – 2)2 + (y + 5)2 = 40
2 2
(–1 – 2) + (2 + 5) = 40
9 + 49 = 40

58 > 40

(–1, 
2) dluar ⊙

 2 2
(6, –2) (x – 2) + (y + 5) = 40 (6 –
2 2
2) + (–2 + 5) = 40

16 + 9 = 40

25 < 40


(6, –2) di dalam ⊙

114
115
a. x + y = 2 y =
2–x

x2 + y2 = 10

x2 + (2 – x)2 = 10

x2 + 4 – 4x + x2 = 10

x2 – 4x – 6 = 0 : 2 2
x – 2x – 3 = 0

2
D = b – 4ac

= (–2)2 – 4(1)(–3) D

= 4 + 12

D = 16 16 > 0
Memotong

Mencari tipot

2
x – 2x – 3

(x – 3) (x + 1)

x=3 x = –1

x+y=2 x+y=2

y=2–3 y=2+1

y = –1 y=3

A(3, –1) B(–1, 3)

x+y=2 (0,2) (2,0)

116
x–y=5y=–

2
5+xx +

y2 = 10

2 2
x + (–5 + x) = 10

x2 + 25 – 10x + x2 =

10 2x2 – 10x + 15 = 0

Tidak memotong/menyinggung

D = b2 – 4ac –20 < 0

2
D = (–10) + 4(2)(15)

= 100 – 120 = –20

2
y = 3x + 10 x +

2
y = 10

2 2
x + (3x + 10) = 10

x2 + 9x2 + 60x + 100 = 10

10x2 + 60x + 100 = 10 : 10

x2 + 6x + 10 = 1

x2 + 6x + 9 = 0

= b2 – 4ac

2
D = 6 – 4(1)(9)

36 – 36


0 menyinggung 0 = 0

117
Mencari tipot
2
x + 6x + 9

(x + 3) (x + 3)

x = –3 x = –3

y = 3x + 10 y = 3x + 10

y = 3(–3)+10 y = 3(–3) + 10

y=1 y=1

(–3, 1)

118
Jarak titik A(x1,y1) ⊙ terhadap yang berpusat di P(a,b) yang berjari-jari R
Jarak titik A pada ⊙

P(a,b) A(x1,y1)

Jarak = ⊙
Jarak titik A didalam ⊙

C P(a,b) A(x1,y1) B

Jarak Terjauh A pada ⊙ = +

Jarak Terdekat A pada
= −

Jarak titik A diluar ⊙

P(a,b) B A(x1,y1)

119
 Jarak Terdekat Jarak Terjauh
= −
AC = 2
−2

= ( − )2 + ( − )2
2 1 2 1

Contoh Soal 2 2
Diketahui titik A ( 6,8) dan ⊙ + = 49, Tentukan :

Kedudukan titik
Jarak terdekat
Jarak terjauh
JAWABAN
a)2 + 2 = 49 → 0,0 , = 7 6,8 → 2 + 2 = 49 62 + 82 = 49
100 > 49 → ⊙
= −

=
(0 − 6)2 + (0 − 8)2 − 7

= 100
–7
∴ =3
2 2
= −

= 100 − 49

∴ = 51

120
Persamaan Garis Singgung ⊙
A. PGS jika diketahui titik singgungnya
2 2 2
+ =

P(0,0)

(x1,y1)
→PGS = ....?
= 1 +1
2 2 2
( − ) +( − ) =

P(a,b)

(x1,y1)
→PGS = ....?

= − − + −− =
2

1 1

121
 2 2
+ + + + =0

(x1,y1)
→PGS =.....?

= 1 +1 +2(1 +2 1 + =0

Contoh Soal 2 2
Carilah PGS dari ⊙ + = 13 dititik (2,3)!
Carilah PGS dari ⊙ ( − 2)2 + ( + 3)2 = 17 dititik (3,1)!
Carilah PGS dari ⊙ 2 + 2 + 4 − 6 + 3 = 0 dititik (1,2)!

JAWABAN
2
1 +1 =
2 + 3 = 13 →

2.−− + −− =
2

1 1

2
=3−2 −2+1+3 +3=
1 − 2 + 4 + 3 = 17
− 2 + 4 + 12 = 17
+4 =7

122
 1 +1 +2(1 +2 1 + =0
4 6
= +2 + 1+ +− 2+ +3=0
2 2

= + 2 + 2 1 + + −3 2 + + 3 = 0 = + 2 + 2 + 2 − 6 − 3 + 3 = 0
3 − =1

Latihan Soal !

2 2
x + y = 10 menyinggung titik (1,3)

2 2
(x – 2) + (y + 4) = 5 menyinggung titik (3,-2)

2 2
x + y - 2x + 4y - 5 = 0 menyinggung titik (2,1)

2 2
x + y = 25 menyinggung titik (-3,4)

2 2
x + y = 169 menyinggung titik (5,-12)

2 2
(x – 2) + (y + 1) = 25 menyinggung titik (-2,-4)

2 2
x + y – 8x + 12y + 27 = 0 menyinggung titik (7,-2)

2 2
x + y + 4x + 8y – 21 = 0 menyinggung titik (2,1)

2 2
x + y + 5x -2y = 13 menyinggung titik (2,1)

2 2
(x – 2) + (y + 4) = 81 menyinggung titik (4,3)

Jawaban

2 2 
x + y = 10 (1,3) X1 x
2
+ y1y = r
+ 3y = 10

123
 2 2 
(x – 2) + (y + 4) = 5 (3,-2)
2
(x1 – a) (x – a) + (y1 + b) (y + b) = r (
3 – 2) (x – 2) + (-2 + 4) ( y + 4) = 5
(x – 2) + 2 (y + 4) = 5
– 2 + 2y +8 = 5
+ 2y + 6 = 5
+ 2y = -1
2 2 
x + y - 2x + 4y - 5 = 0 (2,1)
− 2 4
x1 x + y1 y + 2( x1 + x) + 2 (y1 y) + c = 0 2x + y + 2 ( 2 + x) + 2 (1
+ y) + (-5) = 0 2x + y - 2 - x + 2 + 2y – 5 = 0

+ 3y – 5 = 0
+ 3y = 5
2 2 
x + y = 169 (-3,4)
2
X1 x + y1y = r


-3x + 4y = 25 PGS
2 2 
5) x + y = 169 (5,-12)
2
X 1 x + y1 y = r


5x – 12y = 169 PGS
2 2 
6) (x – 2) + (y + 1) = 25 (-2,-4)
2
(x1 – a) (x – a) + (y1 – b) (y – b) = r

( -2 – 2) (x – 2) + (-4 + 1) ( y + 1) = 25

-4 (x – 2) + -3 ( y + 1) = 25

-4x + 8 -3y -3 = 25

124
 -4x – 3y + 5 = 25


-4x – 3y = 20 PGS
2 2 
x + y – 8x + 12y + 27 = 0 (7,-2)
X1 x + y1 y + 2( x1 + x) + 2 (y1 y) + c = 0

− 8 12
X1 x + y1 y + 2 ( x1 + x) + 2 (y1 y) + 27 = 0
7x + (-2y) + (-4) (7 + x) + 6 (-2 + y) + 27 = 0 7x
– 2y – 28 – 4x – 12 + 6y + 27 = 0

3x + 4y – 13 = 0


3x + 4y = 13 PGS
2 2 
8) X + Y + 4X + 8y – 21 = 0 (2,1)
x1 x + y1 y + 2( x1 + x) + 2 (y1 y) + c = 0
4 8
2x + y + 2( 2 + x) + 2 (1 + y) + (-21) = 0

2x + y + 4 + 2x + 4 + 4y – 21 = 0

4x + 5y -13 = 0


4x – 5y = 13 PGS

2 2  2
x + y + 5x – 2y = 13 (2,1) X
2
+ y + 5x – 2y – 13 = 0
x1 x + y1 y + 2( x1 + x) + 2 (y1 y) + c = 0
2x + y + 52 ( 2 + x) + (−22) (1 + y) + (-13)= 0

125
 5
2x + y + 5 + 2x – 1 – y – 13 = 0

9/2 x – 9 = 0
X2

9x = 18

X=2

2 2 
10) (x – 2) + ( y + 4) = 81 (4,3)
2
(x1 – a)( x – a) + ( y1 – b)( y – b) = r

( 4 – 2) ( x – 2) + ( 3 + 4) ( y + 4) = 81

2 ( x – 2) + 7 ( y + 4) = 81

2x – 4 + 7y + 28 = 81

2x + 7y + 24 = 81

2x + 7y = 81 – 24


2x + 7y = 57 PGS
PGS Jika Diketahui Gradien yang Sesungguhnya
2 2 2
x +y =r
PGS

m
P(0,0)

m
2
= ± +1

126
 2 2 2
(x – a) + (y – b) = r

PGS

m
2
− = − ± +1

Contoh Soal :
Tentukan PGS jika diketahui :
2 2 2
Persamaan x + y = 5 dan gradien m = 2 x +
y2 = 5
= 5, =2
2
= ± +1
= 2 ± 5 ( 22 + 1)
=2 ± 5 ( 5)
=2 ±5
∴= 2 + 5 / = 2 − 5

2 2
Persamaan (x – 2) + (y + 1) + 10
= 10 , = −3, (2, −1)
2
− = − ± +1
+ 1 = −3 −2± 10 ( −3 2 + 1)
+ 1 = −3 + 6 ± 10 ( 10)
+ 1 = −3 + 6 ± 10

= −3 + 6 − 1 ± 10 = −3 + 5 ± 10
∴ = −3 + 5 + 10
= −3 + 15
= −3 + 5 − 10 = −3 − 5
2 2
Persamaan x + y +4x - 6y + 8 = 0
2, −1 , = −2
= −22 + 32 − 8 = 4+9−8= 5
2
− = − ± +1

127
 2
− 3 = −2 +2± 5( −2 + 1)
− 3 = −2 − 4 ± 5 ( 5)

− 3 = −2 − 4 ± 5 = −2 + 4 + 3 ± 5 = −2 − 1 ± 5
∴ = −2 − 1 + 5 = −2 ± 1 − 5
= −2 + 4 = −2 − 6

128