Oleh:
FITRI ALFIANI, S.Farm., Apt
Definisi
Monosakarida
Disakarida
Polisakarida
Monosakarida
(C6H12O6)
• Karbohidrat yang paling sederhana (simple
sugar) karbohidrat yang terdiri dari satu gugus
gula.
• Monosakarida ini memiliki rasa manis dan
sifatnya mudah larut dalam air.
• Contoh:
– Heksosa (glukosa,fruktosa,galaktosa)
– Pentosa (ribosa(penyusun RNA) dan
deoksiribosa(penyusun DNA).
Disakarida
(C12H22O11)
• Merupakan gabungan antara 2 (dua)
monosakarida
• memiliki rasa manis, dan sifatnya mudah larut
dalam air.
• Contoh
– laktosa(gabungan antara glukosa dan galaktosa)
– sukrosa(gabungan antara glukosa dan fruktosa)
– maltosa(gabungan antara dua glukosa)
Building sugars
• Dehydration synthesis
monosaccharides disaccharide
| | |
glucose glucose maltose
glycosidic linkage
Building sugars
• Dehydration synthesis
monosaccharides disaccharide
| | |
glucose fructose sucrose
isomers of glucose
How does structure influence function…
Digesting starch vs cellulose
Cellulose
• Most abundant organic compound
on Earth
Glycemic index
• Ranking of carbohydrates based on their immediate
effect on blood glucose (blood sugar) levels
• Carbohydrate foods that breakdown quickly during
digestion have the highest glycemic indices. Their blood
sugar response is fast & high.
Glycemic index
• Which food will get into your
blood more quickly?
– apple 36
– rice cakes 82
– corn flakes 84
– bagel 72
– peanut M&M 33