TUGAS FARMAKOGNOSI

SIMPLISIA

ALKALOID, MINYAK ATSIRI, RESIN

OLEH:

Nama : Frederico Erick Prihartanto

Nim : 12.0288

Tanggal : 12 oktober 2013

Hari : Sabtu

AKADEMI FARMASI THERESIANA SEMARANG 2013

 ALKALOID
Nama tanaman Nama Simplisia Kandungan Khasiat
Areca catechu L Areca nut arekolin, antelmintik
arekaidin,
guvasin,
guvakolin,
isoguvasin,
arekolidin
Lobelia inflata L Lobelia Herba lobelin, lobelidin, ekspektoran,
lobelanin, stimulan
lobelanidin, pernafasan,
isolobelanin adiktif(nikotin)
Atropa belladonna L Belladonna Herba Daun : l- depresan
hiosiamin, parasimpatik
atropin
Akar : apo
atropin,
beladonin,
kuskohigrin,
skopolamin

Nicotiana tabacum Nicotiana tabacum nikotin, nor bahan rokok&bahan

nikotin, anabasin insektisida
nikotianin
Erythroxylum coca Coca Folia Ecgonin : kokain, anestetika lokal
Lamarck sinamilkokain, α
dan ß truxilin
Tropin :
tropokokain,
valerin
Hygrin :
hygrolin,
kuskohigrin

Papaver somniferum Opium Morfin (4-21%),

kodein (0,8-
2,5%),
noskapin/narkoti
n (4-8%),
papaverin (0,5-
2,5%), tebain
(0,5-2%)

Papaver somniferum Papaveri Fructus alkaloid 0,1- sedatif

0,3%, kodein,
papaverin,
narkotin, asam
mekonat
Strychnos nux- Nux Vomica striknin, brusin Striknin :
vomica L mempengaruhi
fungsi stimulasi
pusat
Brusin : denaturasi
alkohol

Rauwolfia serpentina Rauwolfiae Radix akar dan rimpang Anti hipertensi

kering
reserpin,
rescinnamine,
deserpidine,
serpentine,
ajmalicine,
ajmaline
Catharantus roseus Catharantus / Vinca vinblastin, antikanker,
vinrosidin, antidiabetes,
vinleurosin, astringen,
vincristin vomiticum
Veratum viride Green hellebore germidina, hipotensif,
germitrina depresan, jantung,
sedatif
Physostigma Physostigmine fisostigmin, ophtalmologi.
venenosum eseramin,
generesia,
fisovenin
Claviceps purpurea Ergot, Rye ergot, Ergometrin Migrain
Secale cornutum ,Ergotoksin,Ergo
tamin.

Pilocarpus jaborandi Pilocarpin Pilokarpin utk pengobatan

Pilocarpus glaukoma
microphyllus
Pilocarpus
pinnatifolius

Cinchona succirubra Cinchonae Cortex kinin, kinidin, obat malaria,

Cinchona calisaya sinkonin. tonikum amara,
Cinchona ledgeriana Sinkonidin pengobatan anti
aritmia jantung
Ephedra sinica Stapf Ephedra / Ma Huang bronkodilator,
stimulasi saraf
simpatetik,
stimulasi jantung,
efek mirip
epinefrin
Colchicum autumnale Colchicum seed kolkhisin gout, antitumor

Lophopora williamsii Peyote meskalin dpt mengganggu fx

mental, halusinasi,
euphoria
Coffea arabica / Coffeae Semen kafein, stimulan SSP
Coffea liberica trigonelin, tanin,
lemak
Camellia sinensis Theae Folium kafein, astringent,
teobromin, antidotum
teofilin, xantin

MINYAK ATSIRI
Nama Tanaman Nama Simplisia Kandungan Khasiat
Asal
Cinnamomum cassia Cinnamon Oil 80-95% cinnamic Flavouring agent
Nees ex Blume aldehyde, limonene, Karminatif
p-cymene, (-)- antiseptik
linalool, β-
caryophyllene
Mentha piperita L Peppermint Oil 50% menthol (bebas Karminatif
&ester) 5% ester ( Stimulant
menthyl acetate) counterirritant

Citrus limon Lemon Oil limonen Flavouring agent

(90%),linalool, Stimulant
metilantranilat, stomachic
hesperidin, karbonil
karetenoid

Cymbopogon nardus Citronella Oil geraniol, sitronelol, Bahan pewangi

Cymbopogon sitronelal Desinfektan
winterianus Anti serangga

Carum carvi Caraway Oil 50-85% (+)-carvone, Flavor,

40-50% (+)-limonene carminative

Cinnamomum Champor 40-50% kamfor, 20- Topical

champora L 25% sineol, 50-60% antipruritic,
safrol Rubefacient,
Anti-infective
employed at 1-3%
in preparations
for use on the
skin

Pinus palustris Turpentine Oil 65%α-pinene, β- lokal iritasi,

Miller pinene and 5% antiseptik
another terpens btk linimenta utk
obat rematik sbg
rubifasien
btk inhalasi utk
bronchitis kronik
Mentha spicata Spearmint Oil 45-60% (-)-carvone, Flavor,
atau Mentha 6-20% alcohols, 4- Carminative
cardiaca 20% ester dan  50%
terpen toothpaste &
mouthwash, 47%
cewing gum

Thymus vulgaris L Thyme Oil thymol, carvacrol, p- Antifungi,

cymene, camphene, antibacterial
limonene
Eugenia Clove Oil 70-95% eugenol, Anestesi pada
caryophyllus eugenol acetate, β- sakit gigi,
caryophyllene Karminatif,
Antiseptic,
antiiritan

Myristica fragans Nutmeg Oil / 8-15% minyak atsiri perasa

Myristica Oil yg terdiri dari ,Karminatif,
myristicin abortivum
(methoxysafrole),
safrole
methoxyeugenol, (+)-
champene, β -
terpineol, α- dan β–
pinene, myrcene, (±)-
limonene, sabinene
Eucalyptus globulus Eucalyptus Oil 70% cineole Flavoring agent,
Antiseptik,
Diaphoretic,
expectorant,
nasal inhaler
spray

Gaultheria Gaultheria Oil methyl salicylate Anti irtasi

procumbens L ,Antiseptic,
Anti rmatik
Allium sativum Garlic 0,1% MA → Bakterisid pd
diasulfida 60%, dialil infeksi sal
trisulfida 20%, pencernaan akut
propil alildisulfida, & kronis,
dan isi lainnya yaitu Karminatif,
aliin, allinase khloretik,
spasmolitik,
penyakit kulit krn
jamur,
Obat tek darah
tinggi &
arteriosklerosis

Allium cepa Onion aliin Bakterisid ,

 Hypoglikemik
agent,
Aphrodisiac, Anti
malaria,
antirheumatic
zingiberis Zingiberis Rhizoma 13%MA → Karminatif,stimul
officinale felandren, dekstro ansia
kamfer, zingiberen

RESIN
Nama Tanaman Nama Simplisia Kandungan Khasiat
Asal
Pinus palustris Rosin/ Colophony asam abietat anhidrat Stiffening agent
Miller & spesies lain 80-90%, sylvic acid, pada plester,
Pinus Linne sapinic acid, pimaric salep
acid Sbg diuretika pd
hewan
Utk pembuatan
vernis, cat
Pinus palustris Terpentin resin & MA (10-30%) anti iritansia
Miller

Podophyllum Podophyllum, disebut resin (3,5-6%), purgative dan

peltatum Linne juga mayapple atau podofilotaksin (20%), antimitotik
mandrake α peltatin (10%), β
peltatin (5%)

Pistacia lentiscus L Mastic resin (90%) terdiri penambal gigi

dari α-resin
(mastichic asam), β-
resin (masticin). Dan
juga minyak atisiri
Capsicum frutescens Capsicum Zat pedas kapsaisin Iritan
Capsicum annuum (0,02%), suatu gol Karminatif
var conoides fenol Obat gosok
Capsicum annuum MA 1,5% Penyedap
var longum Minyak lemak makanan
Karetenoid Antimikroba kuat
Asam askorbat 0,2
Commiphora molmol Myrrha MA (2,5-8%), Resin Pelindung insekta
Commiphora (25-40%) dgn & mikroorganisme
abyssinica komponen sbb :Asam Stomaticum
resin, Resena , Pencuci mulut
Senyawa fenolat ,Gum
(±60%),Zat pahit .

Myroxylon pereirae Balsam Peruvianum Sinamein (±60%),

 Ester resin (30-38%),
Vanilin , Asam sinamat
bebas

Exogeonium purga Jalap resin (8-12%), minyak cathartic

Bentham atsiri, pati, gum dan possessing
sugar hydragogue
activity