Degrees of Comparison = Tingkat perbandingan

Digunakan untuk membandingkan dua/lebih benda atau orang.

Bentuk perbandingan:
1. COMPARATIVE (Lebih …….)
2. SUPERLATIVE (Paling ……..)
3. EQUATIVE (Sama ……)
A. Comparative
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu atau orang yang lebih …….daripada yang lain.
Bentuk:
1. ……..er than
Untuk adjective atau adverb yang bersuku kata satu.
Contoh:
Cheap (murah) → cheaper (lebih murah)
Large (luas) → larger (lebih luas)
Hard (keras) → harder (lebih keras)
Young (muda) → younger (lebih muda)
Old (tua) → older (lebih tua)
Untuk adjective atau adverb bersuku kata dua yang berakhiran dengan huruf : -y, -le, -er,
dan –ow.
Lucky (untung) → luckier (lebih untung)
Pretty (cantik) → prettier (lebih cantik)
Funny (lucu) → funnier (lebih lucu)
Easy (mudah) → easier (lebih mudah)
Clever (pandai) → cleverer( lebih pandai)
Simple (sederhana) → simpler (lebih sederhana)
Narrow (sempit) → narrower (lebih sempit)
1. more ………. than
Untuk adjective atau adverb yang bersuku kata dua atau lebih.
Contoh:
Handsome (tampan) → more handsome (lebih tampan)
Beautiful (cantik) → more beautiful (lebih cantik)
Modern (modern) → more modern (lebih modern)
Expensive (mahal) → more expensive (lebih mahal)
B. Superlative
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu benda atau orang yang paling ……… di antara yang
lainnya.
 Bentuk :
1. the …………est
Untuk adjective atau adverb yang bersuku kata satu.
Contoh:
Cheap (murah) → the cheapest (paling murah)
Large (luas) → the largest (paling luas)
Hard (keras) → the hardest ( paling keras)
Young (muda) → the youngest (paling muda)
Old (tua) → the oldest (paling tua)
Untuk adjective atau adverb bersuku kata dua yang berakhiran dengan huruf : -y, -le, -er,
dan –ow.
Lucky (untung) → the luckiest (paling untung)
Pretty (cantik) → the prettiest (paling cantik)
Funny (lucu) → the funniest (paling lucu)
Easy (mudah) → the easiest (paling mudah)
Clever (pandai) → the cleverest(paling pandai)
Simple (sederhana) → the simplest (paling sederhana)
Narrow (sempit) → the narrowest (paling sempit)
1. the most …………..
Untuk adjective atau adverb yang bersuku kata dua atau lebih.
Contoh:
Handsome (tampan) → the most handsome (paling tampan)
Beautiful (cantik) → the most beautiful (paling cantik)
Modern (modern) → the most modern (paling modern)
Expensive (mahal) → the most expensive (paling mahal)
C. Equative
Digunakan untuk membandingkan dua benda/orang yang sama.
Bentuk:
1. as …………..as (menggunakan adjective/adverb)
2. the same ………….as (menggunakan noun)
Contoh:
Vita is 155 cm tall.
Nita is 155 cm tall.
→ 1. Vita is as tall as Nita
2. Vita is the same height as Nita.
(Catatan: Jika the same diletakkan di akhir kalimat, as tidak digunakan.)
Vita and Nita are the same height.
Di bawah ini adalah beberapa adjective dan bentuk noun-nya.
Adjective Noun
Tall/short Height (tinggi)
Old/young Age (umur)
Heavy/light Weight (berat)
Shallow/deep Depth (kedalaman)
Red/blue/green Colour (warna)
Long/short Length (panjang)
Small/big Size (ukuran)
Slow/fast Speed (kecepatan)
Cold/hot/warm Temperature (suhu)
Wide/narrow Width (luas), etc
BEBERAPA PERKECUALIAN
Selain bentuk-bentuk comparative dan superlative di atas, ada beberapa bentuk yang tidak beraturan
(irregular), seperti:

adjective/adverb comparative superlative

good/well better (lebih baik) the best (paling baik)
bad/badly worse (lebih buruk the worst (paling buruk)
far farther (lebih jauh) / the farthest (paling jauh)
a little/little further (lebih lanjut) /
much/many less (lebih sedikit) the furthest
old more (lebih banyak) the least (paling sedikit)
older (lebih tua)/ the most (paling
elder banyak)
the oldest (paling tua)/
the eldest

Lengkapilah kalimat berikut ini dengan bentuk ‘COMPARATIVE’ yang tepat!

1. Andi is 165 cm tall. Donna is 167 cm tall. So, Donna is _________ than Andi.

2. My father is 45 years old. My mother is 46 years old. So, My mother is _________ than my
father.

3. A buffalo is big. But, an elephant is ________ than a buffalo.

4. Bengawan Solo river is long but Nil river is ________ than Bengawan Solo river.

5. Most students think Mathematic is ___________ than Social Science.

6. Roger is 12 years old. Danu is 15 years old. So, Roger is ______ than Danu.

7. A hill is __________ than a mountain.

8. A horse runs __________ than a goat.

9. A car’s price is usually __________ than a motorbike’s price.

10. The red jacket is 60,000 rupiahs. The blue jacket costs 75,000 rupiahs. The red jacket is
________ than the blue jacket.

1. Andi is 165 cm tall. Donna is 167 cm tall. So, Donna is taller than Andi.
2. My father is 45 years old. My mother is 46 years old. So, My mother is olderthan my father.
3. A buffalo is big. But, an elephant is bigger than a cow.
4. Bengawan Solo river is long but Nil river is longer than Bengawan Solo river.
5. Most students think Mathematic is more difficult than Social Science.
6. Roger is 12 years old. Danu is 15 years old. So, Roger is younger than Danu.
7. A hill is shorter than a mountain.
8. A horse runs faster than a goat.
9. A car’s price is usually more expensive than a motorbike’s price.
10. The red jacket is 60,000 rupiahs. The blue jacket costs 75,000 rupiahs. The red jacket
is cheaper than the blue jacket.

Lengkapilah bentuk perbandingan berikut ini dengan bentuk‘EQUATIVE’ yang tepat!

1. Arman is 157 cm tall. Maulana is 157 cm tall. So, Arman has the same _________ as Maulana.

2. My car is red. My brother’s car is red. Our cars have the same __________.

3. This pencil is long. That pencil is short. That pencil isn’t as ________ as this pencil.

4. My father has the same __________as my mother. They were born on the same date, month and
year.

5. A buffalo can’t run as _________ as a horse.

6. We have the same ____________. Both of us like swimming.

7. I can do the Biology test easily. I think Biology is not as _________ as Mathematic.
8. Luna and Maya has the same _________. Both are 55 kg.

9. An orangutan isn’t as __________ as an elephant. An elephant can lift a wood with its trunk
easily.

10. Brian always wears an ‘M’ T-shirt. Vina does too. They have the same ___________ for T-shirt.

1. Arman is 157 cm tall. Maulana is 157 cm tall. So, Arman has the same height as Maulana.
2. My car is red. My brother’s car is red. Our cars have the same color.
3. This pencil is long. That pencil is short. That pencil isn’t as long as this pencil.
4. My father has the same age as my mother. They were born on the same date, month and year.
5. A buffalo can’t run as fast as a horse.
6. We have the same hobby. Both of us like swimming.
7. I can do the Biology test easily. I think Biology is not as difficult as Mathematic.
8. Luna and Maya has the same weight. Both are 55 kg.
9. An orangutan isn’t as strong as an elephant. An elephant can lift a wood with its trunk easily.
10. Brian always wears an ‘M’ T-shirt. Vina does too. They have the same size for T-shirt.

Complete the sentences with comparative form!

1. I think this T-shirt is too small. Can you give me the __________ one?
2. Sofi is my _______ sister. She was born two years after me.

3. Jakarta is a modern city. But New York is ________ than Jakarta.

4. The test was very difficult yesterday. I think it’s __________ today. I can do it easily.

5. European people are usually ________ than Asian people.

6. The car’s price is usually ________ than the motorbike’s.

7. My house is near my school. I go to school on foot. Albert’s house is _______ than my house from
school. He goes to school by public car.

8. I’ve been learning to dance for five months. Sisca can dance _________ than me because she’s
been learning for five years.

9. I want to buy that red jacket but it’s too expensive. I hope I can find a ________ jacket to buy.
 10. The scenery here is beautiful. But I think it will be ___________ if there is no garbage
anywhere.

Complete the sentences with comparative form!

1. I think this T-shirt is too small. Can you give me the bigger one?
2. Sofi is my younger sister. She was born two years after me.
3. Jakarta is a modern city. But New York is more modern than Jakarta.
4. The test was very difficult yesterday. I think it’s easier today. I can do it easily.
5. European people are usually bigger than Asian people.
6. The car’s price is usually more expensive than the motorbike’s.
7. My house is near my school. I go to school on foot. Albert’s house is fartherthan my house
from school. He goes to school by public car.
8. I’ve been learning to dance for five months. Sisca can dance better than me because she’s
been learning for five years.
9. I want to buy that red jacket but it’s too expensive. I hope I can find a cheaperjacket to buy.
10. The scenery here is beautiful. But I think it will be more beautiful if there is no garbage
anywhere.

Ada aturan khusus dalam membuat kalimat perbandingan dalam bahasa Inggris. lantas apa saja
sesuatu yang dapat dibandingkan?
1. Kata sifat (adjective); beautiful, long, tall, diligent, handsome, etc.
2. Kata keterangan (adverb); quickly, fast, lazily, slowly, beautifully, etc.

Dalam bahasa Inggris, terdapat tiga bentuk tingkatan perbandingan, yaitu:

1. Positive degree (tngkat biasa)
2. Comparative degree (tingkat lebih)
3. Superlative degree (tingkat paling)

Cara membuat tingkat perbandingan dalam bahasa Inggris

1. Positive degree
Positive degree atau biasa disebut an equal comparison, artinya terdapat dua hal yang
dibandingkan yang mempunyai persamaan. Biasanya mempunyai arti imbuhan Se–
Pola kalimatnya:

1. Adverb Subject 1 Verb As adverb as Subject 2

2. Adjective Subject 1 To be As adjective as Subject 2

Contoh :
Adverb : Andi runs as fast as Ronaldo (Andi berlari secepat Ronaldo)
They walked as slowly as a duck (Mereka berjalan selambat bebek)
Adjective : She is as beautiful as Amy Lee. (Dia secantik Amy Lee)
 My father was as old as his grandfather (Ayahku setua kakeknya)

Note: Bagaimana kalau kita akan membuat negative comparison? Cukup diubah
menjadi kalimat negative saja. Namun ada sedikit perubahan dalam polanya,
perhatikan contoh berikut ini:
Contoh: She is studying as lazily as he.
She is studying not so/as lazily as he.
Lampung is as hot as Bali
Lampung is not so/as hot as Bali

Ada pola khusus untuk membandingkan kata benda (noun), perhatikan polanya:

3. Noun Subject 1 Predicate The same (noun) as Subject 2

Contoh:
Gerrard is the same age as Rickie Lambert
They spoke the same language as you.

2. Comparative degree
Dalam bentuk comparative degree atau unequal comparison, terdapat dua yang dibandingkan,
yang salah satunya mempunyai arti lebih atau kurang (greater or
Iklan oleh Google
lesser degree).

Adjective/adverb -er
Subject 1 More/less
Verb/tobe Adj./adv. than subject 2

Contoh :
- Adjective: She is taller than I
You are more diligent than she
- Adverb : Sterling runs faster than Januzaj
She works harder than her mother
He walked more slowly than his grandfather.
Note: ada pola khusus untuk ‘menyangatkan’ atau perbandingannya sangat jauh dengan
menambahkan kata much / far sebelum adjective/adverbnya.
Contoh:
- Adjective: She is much/far taller than I (dia sangat lebih tinggi daripadaaku)
You are much/far more diligent than she.
- Adverb: Sterling runs much/far faster than Januzaj.
She works much harder than her mother.
He walked much more slowly than his grandfather.
3. Superlative degree
Superlative degree atau bisa disebut the highest degree, dalam bahasa Indonesia bisa diartikan
dengan kata “Paling”. Dalam superlative degree, terdapat minimal tiga orang/benda yang
dibandingkan. Berikut ini adalah polanya:

Most/least Adverb/adjective
Subject1 Verb/tobe The Adjective/adverb -est

Contoh:
- Adjective: Dhila is the most beautiful lady in my class
Amir was the tallest son in his family
- Adverb: Jonny run the most quickly in the competition last week.
She cries the most loudly of all the babies in the hospital.

Aturan perubahan dan penambahan –er dan –est pada kata sifat (adjective)

1. Kata sifat yang memiliki satu suku kata (one syllable)

- Cheap cheaper cheapest
- Short shorter shortest
- Rich richer richest
- Great greater greatest
- Old older oldest etc
2. Kata sifat yang berakhiran dengan huruf mati (konsonan) dan didahului oleh satu huruf hidup,
maka huruf terakhir ditulis ganda (double)
- Sad sadder saddest
- Big bigger biggest
- Glad gladder gladdest
- Fat fatter fattest
3. Kata sifat yang terdiri dari dua suku kata (two syllables) yang berakhiran dengan: er, ow, some,
dan y (dibelakang huruf mati)
- Clever cleverer cleverest
- Shallow shallower shallowest
- Simple simpler simplest
- Handsome handsomer handsomest
4. Kata sifat yang berakhiran huruf Y dan sebelumnya adalah huruf mati (konsonan), maka huruf Y
diganti dengan huruf I sebelum ditambah er / est.
- Heavy heavier heaviest
- Dry drier driest
- Pretty prettier prettiest
- Holy holier holiest
5. Tetapi apabila sebelum huruf Y adalah huruf hidup (vocal), maka hanya langsung ditambah er /
est saja.
- Gray grayer grayest
- Gay gayer gayest
6. Jika kata sifat berakhiran dengan huruf e, maka cukup ditambah dengan –er atau –est.
- Large larger largest
- Strange stranger strangest
- Able abler ablest
Pengecualian:
- Pleased more pleased most pleased
- Tired more tired most tired
- Fond more fond most fond

Aturan penambahan more dan most di depan kata sifat (adjective)

1. Kara sifat (adjective) yang terdiri dari 3 suku kata (three syllables)
- Expensive more expensive most expensive
- Beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
- Diligent more diligent most diligent
- Careful more careful most careful
- Difficult more difficult most difficult
2. Kata sifat (adjective) yang terdiri dari dua suku kata (two syllables) dengan tekanan suara jatuh
pada suku kata pertama
- Perfect more perfect most perfect
- Modest more modest most modest
- Famous more famous most famous
3. Kata sifat (adjective) yang terdiri dari 2 suku kata yang tekanan suaranya jatuh pada suku kata
pertama
- Sincere more sincere most sincere
- Im/polite more polite most polite

Degree comparison kata sifat yang tak beraturan, maksudnya tidak menggunakan penambahan –
er / -est maupun more dan most
-Good better best
-Bad worse worst
-Little less least
-Late later latest
-Little smaller smallest
-Old elder/older eldest/oldest
-Near nearer nearest
-Much/many more most

Ada juga beberapa kata sifat (adjective) yang tidak bisa diperbandingkan
-Alone absolute blind correct dead empty equal
-Everlasting fatal final full mortal immortal perfect
-Single unique wrong right primary universal

Pengertian The Degrees of Comparison

The Degrees of Comparison (tingkat perbandingan) adalah istilah dalam bahasa

inggris yang merupakan tingkat-tingkat perbandingan pada kata sifat (Adjectives).
Adapun berdasarkan tingkatannya, TheDegrees of Comparison dibagi menjadi 3
golongan:

1. Positive degree. (Tingkat positif / biasa)

2. Comparative degree. (Tingkat perbandingan / lebih)
3. Superlative degree. (Tingkat terbaik/ paling)

Bentuk Comparative dibuat dari bentuk positif yang ditambah dengan akhiran –er atau –
r dan awalan more. Sedangkan Bentuk Superlativedibentuk dari bentuk positif yang
ditambah dengan akhiran –est atau –st dan awalan most.

Cara membentuk The Degree of Comparison

Kata Sifat (Adjectives) yang terdiri atas satu suku kata, hanya ditambah dengan akhiran –
er dan –est.

Positive Comparative Superlative

cheap cheaper cheapest
great greater greatest
tall taller tallest
high higher highest
small smaller smallest
short shorter shortest
long longer longest
fast faster fastest
loud louder loudest
low lower lowest
old older oldest
strong stronger strongest
young younger youngest
Kata sifat yang terdiri dari satu suku kata dan berakhiran dengan satu huruf mati
(Konsonan) yang diawali dengan huruf (Vokal), ditambah dengan akhiran –er dan –est.
Satu huruf mati terakhir digandakan.

Positive Comparative Superlative

big bigger biggest
wet wetter wettest
hot hotter hottest
fat fatter fattest
thin thinner thinnest

Kata sifat (Adjective) yang berakhiran dengan huruf –y dan diawali satu atau dua huruf
mati, maka –y diganti dengan –i dan kemudian ditambah –er atau -est.

Positive Comparative Superlative

happy happier happiest
lucky luckier luckiest
pretty prettier prettiest
lazy lazier laziest
busy busier busiest
crazy crazier craziest
dry drier driest
easy easier easiest
lovely lovelier loveliest
funny funnier funniest

Kata sifat yang berakhiran dengan huruf –y dan sebelumnya diawali dengan huruf hidup
(Vokal) juga, maka huruf –y tidak mengalami perubahan dan langsung ditambah –
er atau –est.

Positive Comparative Superlative

grey greyer greyest
 lay layer layest

Kata sifat yang terdiri atas dua suku kata dan berakhiran dengan –eratau –ow langsung
ditambah –er atau -est.

Positive Comparative Superlative

clever cleverer cleverest
shallow shallower shallowest
slow slower slowest

Kata sifat yang terdiri atas dua suku kata yang berakhiran dengan huruf –e, maka hanya
ditambah dengan –r atau –st saja.

Positive Comparative Superlative

wise wiser wisest
polite politer politest
brave braver bravest
large larger largest
nice nicer nicest
wide wider widest
complete completer completest
simple simpler simplest

Kata sifat yang terdiri atas dua suku kata, akan tetapi tekanan pengucapannya jatuh pada
suku kata pertama, tidak ditambah –er dan–est tetapi ditambah dengan more dan most.

Positive Comparative Superlative

famous more famous most famous
nervous more nervous most nervous
charming more charming most charming
Kata sifat yang terdiri atas tiga suku kata atau lebih, langsung ditambah
dengan more atau most.

Positive Comparative Superlative

careful more careful most careful

careless more careless most careless
useful more useful most useful
useless more useless most useless
readable more readable most readable
terrible more terrible most terrible
difficult more difficult most difficult
diligent more diligent most diligent
different more different most different

Ada beberapa Kata Sifat (Adjective) yang

bentuk Comparative (Lebih)maupun Superlative (Paling)-nya tidak mengikuti aturan
seperti yang telah ditetapkan di atas, perhatikan tabel di bawah ini.

Positive Comparative Superlative

bad worse worst
ill worse worst
evil worse worst
good better best
many more most
much more most
a little less least
little littler littlest
late later last
later latest
old older oldest
elder eldest
 far farther farthest
further furthest
a few less least
few fewer fewest
hind hinder hindmost

CATATAN
Older dan oldest digunakan untuk orang dan benda, sedangkan elderdan eldest hanya
digunakan untuk orang saja.

Contohnya:
She is my elder sister.
My truck is older than yours.

Farther dan farthest digunakan untuk menunjukkan jarak saja,

sedangkan further dan furthest digunakan untuk menunjukkan jarak dan waktu.

Contohnya:
Bali is farther than Maluku.
We shall get further information.

Fungsi Positive Degree (Tingkat Positif)

Positive Degree digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu keadaan yang apa adanya.

Contoh: She is a beautiful girl.

Positive Degree digunakan untuk membandingkan dua benda atau orang

yang tingkatannya sama, baik sifat, bentuk atau bagian lainnya.

Formulas:

as + positive + as
 no less + positive + than
not more + positive + than

Contoh:
She is as beautiful as her sister.
(Artinya: Dia secantik saudara perempuannya)

She is no less beautiful than her sister.

(Artinya: Dia sama cantiknya dengan saudara perempuannya)

She is not more beautiful than her sister.

(Artinya: Dia tidak lebih cantik daripada saudara perempuannya =berarti sama cantiknya)

Dan untuk bentuk kalimat negatifnya dapat menggunakan rumus berikut:

not + as + positive + as

Contoh:
She is not as beautiful as her sister
(Artinya: Dia tidak secantik saudara perempuannya)

Fungsi Comparative Degree (Tingkat perbandingan / lebih)

Comparative Degree digunakan untuk membandingkan dua benda atau orang yang
berbeda. Atau dengan kata lain digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa sesuatu benda atau
orang itu mempunyai sifat lebih dibandingkan yang lain.

Formula:

Comparative + than

Contoh:
My house is bigger than his house.
(Artinya: rumah saya lebih besar daripada rumahnya)

Superlative Degree (Tingkat terbaik/ paling)

Superlative Degree digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa seseorang atau suatu

benda mempunyai sifat melebihi atau mengungguli dibandingkan yang lainnya. Pada
umumnya digunakan untuk membandingkan tiga benda atau lebih.

Formulas:

the + superlative + nouns +

in
the + superlative + of
the + superlative + noun

Contoh:
He is the funniest student in this class.
(Artinya: Dia adalah murid paling lucu di kelas)

She is the most beautiful of all the girls.

(Artinya: Dia adalah wanita paling cantik diantara semua wanita)

This is the most expensive car.

(Artinya: Ini adalah mobil paling mahal)