BAB II
ANALISA DAN PERHITUNGAN
1
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
Tinggi Kuda-kuda
tinggi
tan α = 1 4,38 m
xL
2 350
tinggi 6,25 m
tan 35 = 1
x 12,5
2
Tinggi = tan 350 x 6,25
= 4,38 m
Dengan Kemiringan:
7,63 m
Ls = √ 6,25 2+4,382= 7,63 m
4,38 m
350
6,25 m
2
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
3
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
1
.q D . L
qD = 58,99 kg/m => RD = 2
1
= x 58,99 x 4,5 =
2
132,73 kg
RDx = (132,73) x sin 350 = 76,13 kg
1 L
RDy = ( ( ))
2
xx
2
x cos 350
1 4,5
= (2 ( ))
x 58,99 x
2
x cos 350
= 54,36 kg
1
. q D . L2
qD = 58,99 kg/m => MD = 8
1
= x 63,99 x 4,52 = 161,97
8
kgm’
MDx = (161,97) x sin 350 = 92,90
kgm’
2
MDy = ( ( ))
1
8
xx
L
2
2
= ( 1
8 ( ))
x 58,99 x
4,5
2
x cos 352
= 30,58 kgm’
2. Beban Hidup
4
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
1
.P L . L
PL =100 kg => ML = 4
1
= x 100 x 4,5 = 112,5
8
kgm’
MLx = (112,5) sin 350 = 64,53
kgm’
MLy = (112,5) cos 350 = 92,15
kgm
3. Beban Angin terbuka (bangunan gedung terbuka)
1. Menentukan indikator yang di perlukan seperti :
q (beban angina) = 50 kg/m2
G / faktor tiupan angin 0.85 (pasal 26.9 SNI 1727-2013)
CNW (koefisien tekanan netto) sisi angin dating
CNL ( koefisien tekanan netto) sisi angin pergi
2. Menentukan CNW dan CNL
Dilakukan Interpolasi Linear Untuk mencari koefisien Tekanan netto pada
bangunan terbuka yang dijelaskan di bawah ini :
Interpolasi Linier CNW (Angin datang) 35o
37,5−30 0,3−0.2
=
35−30 x −0,2
x = 0,267
37,5 35
30
5
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
37,5 35
30
6
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
7
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
1
Rwx = x q x L (jarak antar kuda-kuda)
2
1
= x 41,1 x 4,5
2
= - 92,475 kg
1
Mwx = x q x L2
8
1
= x (41,1) x 4,52
8
= - 104,034 kg.m
Rwy =0
Mwy =0
4. Kombinasi Pembebanan
A. Pembebanan dasar reaksi ( reaction basic load)
1. Kombinasi Dasar 1
RUx = (1,2).(RDx) + (0,5).(RLx)
= (1,2).(82,58) + (0,5).(28,68)
= 113,436 kg
2. Kombinasi Dasar 2
RUx = (1,2).(RDx) + (1,6).(RLx) + (0,5).(RWx)
= (1,2).(82,58) + (1,6).(28,68) + (1,0).(25,54)
= 170,524 kg
3. Kombinasi Dasar 3
8
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
9
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
10
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
11
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
9
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
11
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
0,25) }+
{ (0,25). (1,55 – 0,25)2 }+ {0,25 . ( 5 – 0,25 – 1,55)2}
= 5,34+ 3,33 + 0,42 + 2,56
= 11,65 cm3
Mnx = Mp = Fy x Zx
Mny = Mp = Fy x Z y
12
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
Mux Muy
+ < 1,0
∅ Mnx ∅ Mny
266,745 184,136
+ < 1,0
0,9 x 1069,172 0,9 x 534,586
0,66 < 1,0 OK
= 0,00471 + 0,00379
= 0,0085 m = 0,85 cm = 8,89 mm
13
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
= 0,0042+ 0,00676
= 0,0112 m = 1,09 cm = 10,96 mm
∆ = √( Δx )2+( Δ y )2
= √(8,89 )2+(10,96 )2
l
= 14,11 mm < ∆max = 240 = 18,75 mm OK
Jadi gording dengan profil C 150 x 50 x 20, dengan tebal 2,5mm dapat
digunakan karena telah memenuhi persyaratan terhapad pengaruh
biaksial dan lendutan izin yang ditentukan.
14
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
Perencanaan Sag-rod
15
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
Karena dipasang sagrod pada tengah bentang, maka besarnya RUy untuk
perhitungan sagrod harus dihitung ulang
Akibat beban mati
1 1
.q D . L. cos35 0 .(58 ,99 ). (1, 271). cos350
RDy = 2 = 2 = 30,71kg
Perhitungan diameter baja pejal bulat untuk sagrod jika dihitung dengan
gaya yang ditahan oleh sagrod :
Pu = 2.Ruy = 2 (102,388) = 204,776 kg
Menghitung dimensi kebutuhan minimal Sagrod
Pu = 204,776 kg
16
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
Ø Pn = 0.9 Fy Ag
Ø Pn = 0.9 Fy Ag > Pu
Pu 204,776
Ag = = =0,0496 cm2
0,9 fy 0,9 x 4588,72
1
A = π× d2
4
4 x Ag 4 x 0,0496
d2 = = = 0,0631 cm
π π
d = √ 0,0631 = 0, 25 cm = 2,5 mm
Sesuai dengan tabel produk sagrod maka
digunakan ukuran sagrod Ø 18 mm
lk
λ =
i min
17
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
1 1
Ag = 4 × π× d2 I = 64 × π× d4 i min=
√ I
Ag
1 1
= 4 ×π ×1,82 = 64 × π ×1,84 i
min/r= √ 0, 515
2, 55
= 2,55 cm2 = 0,515 cm4 i min= 0,5
cm
lk 127,1(1)
λ =
i min = 0,45 = 282,22 < 300 OK
Cek Kapasitas Penampang
Ø Pn = 0.9 Ag Fy > Pu
= 0.9 x 2,55 x 4588,72 > Pu
= 10531,11 kg > 204,776 kg (OK)
102,388 kg
Ø 18 mm
102,388 kg
18
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
19
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
20
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
21
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
21
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
22
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
23
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
23
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
Cek Kelangsingan
lk
λ= < 300
i min
589
< 300
1,98
297,47 < 300 (OK)
24
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
Pn = ∅ ( Fy . Ag )
Dimana :
Fy = 4588,72 kg/cm2
Ag = 13,620 cm2
∅t = 0,9
Pn = 0,9 (4588,72 x 13,620 )
= 56248,53 kg
= 56248,53 kg ¿ Pu. (OK)
= = 56248,53 kg ¿ 147,488 kg (OK)
Cek Kapasitas penampang pada Kondisi Runtuh Tarik
25
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
∅Pn = Fu . Ae
Dimana :
Fu = 5608,44 kg/cm2
Ae = An . U
An = A penampang – A baut
Asumsi digunakan 1 baut
A baut
A lubang ≤ 15% A penampang
¼ x 3,14 x d2 ≤15 (13,62 c m2 )
d2 ( 0,78 ) ≤2,043 cm ²
d ≤ (√ 2,043
0,78 )
= 1,62 cm
Anetto = 13,62 cm² - ( 1 x 1,62 x 0,7 )
= 13,62 cm² - 1,134 cm2 = 12,486 cm2
Jadi = Ae = An . U U = 0,8
= 12,486 x 0,8
= 9,988 cm²
= 998,8 mm²
Jadi = Pn = ∅ ( Fu . Ae )
= 0,75 ( 5608,44 x 9,988)
= 56021,59 kg
= 56021,59 ¿ Pu(OK )
= 56021,59 kg > 147,488 kg (OK)
2. PADA DINDING
26
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
27
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
28
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
34
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
35
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
36
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
37
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
36
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
Cek Kelangsingan
lk
λ= < 300
i min
673
< 300
3,6
37
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
Pn = ∅ ( Fy . Ag )
Dimana :
Fy = 4588,72 kg/cm2
Ag = 38,80 cm2
∅t = 0,9
Pn = 0,9 (4588,72 x 38,80 )
= 160238,1 kg
= 160238,1 kg ¿ Pu. (OK)
= 160238,1 kg ¿ 171,611 kg (OK)
Cek Kapasitas penampang pada Kondisi Runtuh Tarik
∅Pn = Fu . Ae
Dimana :
Fu = 5608,44 kg/cm2
38
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
Ae = An . U
An = A penampang – A baut
Asumsi digunakan 1 baut
A baut
A lubang ≤ 15% A penampang
2
4.d.t ≤15 (38,80 c m )
4 x d x 0,9 ≤5,82 cm ²
5,82
d ≤ = 1,62 cm
3,6
Anetto = 38,8 cm² - ( 4 x 1,62 x 0,9 )
= 38,8 cm² - 5,82 cm2 = 32,98 cm2
Jadi = Ae = An . U U=1
= 32,98 x 1
= 32,98 cm²
= 3298 mm²
Jadi = Pn = ∅ ( Fu . Ae )
= 0,75 ( 5608,44 x 32,98)
= 138724 kg
= 138724 ¿ Pu(OK )
= 138724 kg > 171,611 kg (OK)
39
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
40
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
1
x 150
- b 2
= =8,33
t 9
- 0,56
√ E
( )
Fy
= 0,56 (√ 200000
450 )
= 11,81
-
b
t √ Fy
E
< 0,56 ( ) = 8,3 < 13,49 (OK)
Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa penampang tidak langsing
41
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
t1 = 9 mm Iy = 207 cm4
r2 = 12 mm Zy = 67,6 cm3
42
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
Pn = ∅c x Fcr x Ag
Dimana Fcr adalah :
Bila
KL
r
< 4,71 (√ FyE )= 1 x366730 <4,71 √( 200000
450 )
= 186,964 > 99,29
Maka Fcr = 0,877 Fe
π2 E π 2 200000
Fe= =
KL 2 1 x 6730 2 = 56,48 MPa
( ) (
r 36 )
Fcr =0,877 Fe
= 0,877 x 56,48
= 49,53 MPa
Pn = ∅c x Fcr x Ag
= 0,9 x 49,53 x 3880
43
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
= 172973 N
= 17297,3 kg > 209,575 kg (OK)
PERENCANAAN CRANE
Merencanakan crane bangunan industri harus di identifikasi
menggunakan double girder atau single girder yang pemilihannya berdasarkan
pada kapasitas atau peruntukannya. Dalam hal ini perencanaan Tugas struktur
baja dengan study kasus bangunan industri menggunakan single girder karena
kapasitas crane hanya sebesar 5 ton.
44
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
Dalam tugas besar ini, perencaan crane terbagi atas beberapa bagian :
1. Pemilihan jenis hoist
2. Design bridge crane/ balok crane
3. Design run-way crane
45
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
46
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
47
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
48
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
A: 552 J: - T: 96
B: 697 K: 350
U: -
C: 425 N: 1145
D: 566 (591) O: 125
E1: 110 P: 12000
Q: -
E2: 110 Min.rad.curvature (m) : Only straight line
F1: 135 Weight (kg) R: 770 : 555
Hook block weight (kg) : 50
F2: 135 Applcable Box Rail Width (mm) : 300 (350)
S: 110
H: 222 (272)
49
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
Diketahui :
L = 12,5 m = 12500 mm = 492,13 in
L 492,13
≤25 ≤ 25 , h=19,68∈¿ 499,57 mm
h h
L 492,13
≤65 ≤ 65 , b=7,57∈¿ 192,278 mm
b b
h 1000 21,65 1000
≤ ≤ , t=0,17∈¿ = 4,43 mm
t √ Fy t √ 65
Di ambil ;
492,13
h = 650 mm = 25,59 in ≤ 25=19,23 ≤ 25 OK
25,59
50
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
492,13
b = 450 mm = 17,72 in ≤ 65=27,77 ≤ 65 OK
17,72
25,59 1000
t = 25 mm = 0,98 in ≤ = 26,11 ≤124
0,98 √ 65
OK
NB :
nilai b disesuaikan dengan produk hoist yang applcable box rail
sebesar 450 mm.
51
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
P λ λ
Mmax = ( L− ) 2
2−
2 xL 2 V = L )
P× ¿
2
2852,512 0,217 0,217
M max=
2(12,5) (
× 12,5−
2 ) = 2852,512×(2−
12,5
)
=5655,5 kg
= 17520,05 kg.m = 5,65 t
= 17,52 t.m
52
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
P
ft = 2 ≤ f tarik = fy
7 x tw
P
= tw ≥ 2
7 x fy
53
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
2852,512
= tw ≥ 2
7 x 4588,72
= tw ≥ 0,04 mm (diambil 2 cm)
Cek Stabilitas
54
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
NB : Penampang kotak yang memiliki sayap belum diatur pada SNI 1729-
2015 namun ANSI- AISC -360-2016 sudah mengatur ketentuan tersebut
sehingga perencanaan bridge crane yang menggunakan box girder
mengacu pada AISC 2016
λp = 1,12 x
compact section
√ E
fy
= 1,12 x
√ 200000
450
= 23,61 ( λ ≤ λp )
λp
section
= 2,42
√ 200000
450
= 51,01 ( λ ≤ λp ) compact
55
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
LuasProfil
Luas Penampang
A = F1 + F2 + W1 + W2
= 10000 + 11250 + 12000 + 12000
= 45250 mm2
( F 1∙ y 1 ) + ( F 2 ∙ y 2 ) + ( W 1 ∙ y 3 ) + ( W 2 ∙ y 4 )
Y bawah =
∑A
56
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
1
Ix2 = ∙ b ∙ h3 + A 2 ∙a 2
12
1 3
= x 450 x 25 + ¿ 11250 x ( 316,37 -12,5)2
12
= 1039376928 mm4
1 3 2
Ix3 = Ix4 = ∙b∙h + A3∙a
12
1
= x 20 x 6003 +12000 x (333,63−325)2
12
= 360893722,8 mm4
1
Iy = x b3 xh + A1 a2
12
1
Iy1 = x 4003 x 25 + 10000 ( 0 )2
12
= 133333333,3 mm4
57
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
1
Iy2 = x 4503 x 25+ 11250(0) 2
12
= 189843750 mm4
1
Iy3 = Iy4 = x 203 x 600 +12000 (10+290/2)2
12
= 288700000 mm4
Iy total = Iy1 + Iy2 + Iy3 + Iy4
= 133333333,3 + 189843750 + 288700000+ 288700000
= 900577083,3 mm4
P
ft = ¿σ y
7tw
7131,25
= < 4588,72
7×2
= 509,375 kg/cm2 <σ y =4588,72 kg /cm 2
0,75 P
fb = ¿σ y
tf 2
0,75∙(7131,25)
= ¿σ y = 0,6 x 4588,72
2,52
2
= 855,75 kg /cm2 ¿ σ y =2753,232 kg/cm
58
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
crane
Mp max ¿
1 2
M max= q x l +¿
8
1
` = 0,457 x 12,5 2+(17,52)
8
= 26,45 tm
1
V =( ×q × l¿+V
2
1
= ( ×0,457 ×12,5)+5,65
2
= 8,51 ton
59
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
Zx = 6914860 + 6914977,5
= 13829837,5 mm3
60
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
61
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
A B
Potongan A-A
Vn1 = 0,6 x fy x Aw x Cv
Aw = 2 ht
= 2 x ( 65-50) x 2
= 240 cm2
62
Potongan B-B
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
Cv2 Jika
h
tw
≤ 1,1
√
Kv E
Fy
Kv = 5
60
2
≤
30 ≤ 51,35
1,1
√
5 x 20000000
4588,72
Cv2 =1
Vn1 = 0,6 x fy x Aw x Cv
= 0,6 x 4588,72 x 240 x 1
= 660775,68 kg
= 660,8 t
Vu ≤ ø Vn1
5,65 ton ≤ 0,9 x 660,8 ton
5,65 ton ≤ 594,72 ton OK
Vn2 = 0,6 x fy x Aw x Cv
Aw = 2 ht
= 2 x ( 45-5) x 2
= 180 cm2
Cv2 Jika
h
tw
≤ 1,1
√
Kv E
Fy
Kv = 5
40
2
≤
20 ≤ 51,35
1,1
√
5 x 20000000
4588,72
Cv2 =1
Vn2 = 0,6 x fy x Aw x Cv
= 0,6 x 4588,72 x 180 x 1
= 495581,76 kg
= 495,581 t
Vu ≤ ø Vn2
5,65 ton ≤ 0,9 x 495,581 ton
5,65 ton ≤ 446,02 ton OK
63
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
Preliminary design
Perhitungan beban
o Beban mati
Bridge Weight = 4110 kg
Runway Bridge = 66 kg/m ( IWF 400x200x8x13)
o Beban hidup
Crane capacity = 5000 kg
P berat crane ( weight hoist) = 555 kg
P hook block weight = 50 kg
P foot walk = 100 kg
P crane sadle / trolley = 100 kg +
64
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
= 5805 kg
5805 + (25 % x 5805) = 7256, 25 kg
Beban vertical
o P vertical = 1,2 x 1027,5 + 1,6 x 3628,125
= 7038 kg
65
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
= 12712,5 kg.m
λ
2−
Vultimate = L )
P× ¿
1000
= 7038×(2− )
4500lebar ( flange)
o Cek rasio terhadap
= 12512 kg
b
t
≤ 0,38
√ E
Fy √
≤1,00
E
Fy
100
13
≤ 0,38
√ 200000
450
≤1,00
√
200000
450
66
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
h
t
≤ 3,76
E
Fy √ ≤5,70
E
Fy √
342
8
≤3,76
450√
200000
≤5,70
200000
450 √
42,75 ≤ 79,27 ≤ 120,17 ( web compact)
Property penampang
1
J = (2 t 3 b+ tw3 h)
3
3 3
2 x 13 x 200+8 (400−13)
= 1
¿
3
= 1076944 mm4
Ix 23700 x 10 4
Sx = = = 1185000 mm3
y0 200
Zx = bt (d-t) + 0,25wh2
= 200 x 13 ( 400- 13) + 0,25 x 8 x 3422
= 1240128 mm3
2 3 2 3
hb t (400−13) x 200 x 13
Cw = =
24 24
= 6,489 x 1011
400−13
ho = = 193,5 mm
2
1 4 1
ry =
Iy
( )
A
2
= ( 1740 x 10
84,1 x 10
2
2
)
67
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
= 45,49 mm
L 4500
Δijin = = = 7,5 mm
600 600
5 w L4 5 x 0,066 x 4500 4
Δ1 = = = 0,074 mm
384 EI 384 x 20000 x 237000000
Lendutan akibat beban terpusat
px a
Δ2 = ( 3 x L2−4 a2 ) =¿
24 E Ix
4135 x 1000
( 3 x 45002−4 x 10002 ) = 2,1 mm
24 x 20000 x 237000000
Δtotal = 0,074+ 2,1
= 2,174 mm
= 2,174 mm < 7,5 mm Profil Balok Crane aman digunakan.
68
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
69
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
=
h
tw
≤ 2,3
Lb
bf
=
342
8
≤ 2,3
4500
200
= 1,9 ≤
2,3
[ ( )]
3
h
Cr tw 3 tf tw
Rn = 1+0,4 , Cr = 6,62 x 106
h2 Lb
bf
MPa
[ ( )]
3
342
6 3
6,62 x 10 x 8 x 13 8
= 1+0,4
342 2
4500
200
= 388916,68 N = 38891,7 Kg
70
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
Vn = 0,6 x fy x Aw x Cv
Aw = 2 ht
= 2 x (342) x 8
= 5472 mm2
Cv2 Jika
h
tw
≤ 1,1
√
Kv E
Fy
Kv = 5
342
8
≤ 1,1
42,75 ≤ 51,85
√
5 x 200000
450
Cv2 =1
Vn1 = 0,6 x fy x Aw x Cv
= 0,6 x 450 x 5472 x 1
= 1477440 N
= 14774 kg
Vu ≤ Ø Vn1
12512 kg ≤ 0,9 x 14774 kg
12512 kg ≤ 13296,6 kg OK
Menghitung Reaksi
R = ½ x q x L2 + V
71
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
= ½ x 66 x 4,52 + 12512
= 13848,5 kg
= 13,85 ton
L 5
< 25 < 25 ; h = 20 cm
h h
L 5
< 65 < 65 ; b = 7,7 cm
b b
Di ambil ;
72
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
L 5
h = 25 cm = = 20 < 25 OK
h 0,25
L 5
b = 25 cm = = 20 < 65 OK
b 0,25
λ = 1,5 m
5.00
λ < 0,586 L
λ < 0,586 . 5
λ <2,93 m’
Reaksi Perletakan
R = ½ x q x L2 + V
= ½ x 0,946 x 5 + 10,75
= 13,115 ton
73
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
t2
t1 H
r
t2
A = 84,1 cm2
ix = 16,8 cm
Q = 66 kg/m iy = 4,54 cm
t1 =8 mm Zx = 1190 cm3
t2 = 13 mm Zy = 174 cm3
Ix = 23700 cm4 r = 16 mm
Iy = 1740 cm4
Cek Stabilitas
1 1
xBf x 200
λ = 2 = 2 = 7,69
tf 13
λp = 0,38
√ E
fy
= 0,38
√ 200000
446,88
= 8,04 ( λ ≤ λp )
H 400
λ = = = 50
t 8
74
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
λp = 3,76
√ E
fy
= 3,76
√ 200000
446,88
= 79,54 ( λ ≤ λp )
qtotalx L2 PxL
Mmax = +
8 4
= 19,22 tm
= 22,10 tm
Vmax = ½ x q x L + P
= ½ x (0,946+0,66) x 5 + 11,36
= 15,37 ton
lk 500
λ = = = 110,13 < 200
imin 4,54
λc < 0. 25 ω=1
1, 43
λc =
λ
π √ fy
E
=
110,13
√
448
3,14 200000
= 1,66
0.25 <λc < 1,2
ω=
1,6−0, 67 λc
2 >1,2 ω = 1,25 λc 2
ω = 1,25 λc λc
N M
σ =ωx +
ØxA ØxZx
0 15797,8
= 3,44 x +
0,85 x 84,1 0,9 x 1190
Penampang balok WF cukup aman menerima gaya kombinasi dan tidak terjadi
tekuk lentur.
75
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
L 5000
Δijin = = = 8,33 mm = 0,833 cm
600 600
Mn = Mp
Zx = bf x tf x (d-tf) + ¼ x tw x (d-2tf)2
= 20 x 1,3 x (40-1,3) + ¼ x 0,8 x (40 – 2 x 1,3)2
= 1285,95 cm3
Mp = Zx x fy
= 1285,95 x 446,88
= 574665,34 kg/cm = 57,47 tm
Mu ≤ Ø Mn
22,10 tm ≤ 0,9 x 57,41 tm
22,10 tm ≤ 51,67 tm
76
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
77
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
√ √
5
E 2 x 10
λ p =0,38 = 0,38 = 8,04
fy 446,88
λ ≤ λp Penampang Compact
λ p =3,76
√ E
fy
= 3,76
√ 2 x 105
446,88
= 79,54
λ ≤ λp Penampang Compact
78
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
1
= 20 ×1,6 × (50−1,6 ) + ×1 ×(50− ( 2×1,6 )) 2
4
= 2096,36 cm3
1
Mn = Zx . Fy = 2096,36 x 4468,8 x 5 = 93,68 tm
10
Mu < ∅ Mn
M N ( 11300 × 100 ) 0
σ= ± = ±
ϕ x zx ϕ x A 0,9 x 1910 0,90 x 114,2
kg kg
¿ 657,36 2
≤ f y =4468,8 2
cm cm
Profil WF 400 x 200 x 8, aman menerima gaya-gaya kombinasi.
79
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
Iki ceng
PL3 14995 x 7503
Δijin = =
3 EI 3 x 200000 x 2140
=
Δmax = 2,04 mm < 7,5 mm
Profil WF 500 x 200 x 10 x 16, aman terhadap lendutan dan aman untuk
digunakan.
80
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
√ √
5
E 2 x 10
λ p =0,38 = 0,38 = 8,04
fy 446,88
λ ≤ λp Penampang non Compact
Kondisi Leleh
Ø Py = 0,9 × Ag× Fy
= 0,9 ×173,9 × 4468,8
= 699411,89 kg
81
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
Pu 1 740
=
ØPy 0,9× 173,9× 4468,8
= 0,00249<0,125
82
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
27,2
1,2
< 2,24 x
√ 200000
446,8
22,6 < 47,39 maka nilai Øv = 1, Cv = 1
Vn = Øv x 0,6 x Fy x Aw x Cv
= Øv x 0,6 x Fy x ( d x tw ) x Cv
= 1 x 0,6 x 4468,8 x ( 27,2 x 1,2 ) x 1
= 87516,98 kg
Vu ≤ Ø Vn
2,67 ton ≤ 0,9 x 87,52 ton
2,77 ton ≤ 78,76 ton ... OK
lk
i min ≤ 4,71
√ E
Fy
Mencari nilai k, pada nomogram :
Ga =
∑ I/H
∑ I/L
13600 /500
Ga =
13600 /532
Ga = 1,064
83
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
≤ 4,71
√ 200000
446,8
66,74< 99,65 (penampang tak langsing)
π2 E π 2 200000
Fe = = = 443,156 Mpa
λ2 66,74 2
H 500
[0,658 ] F
Fy
Fcr = Q
Fe Δ= = =1
y 500 500
[ 0,658 ] × 446,8
446,8
= 443,156 8
= 293,01 Mpa
ØPn = Ø × Ag × Fcr
= 0,9 ×173,9 ×293,01
= 45858,99 kg
Pu 1740
= = 0,038 ≤ 0,2
∅ Pn 45858,99
Pu Mu 1740 6270
+
2 ∅ Pn ∅ Mn (
≤ 1,0→ ) +
2 x 127289,58 100270
≤ 1, 0 ( )
84
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
λ p =0,38
√ E
fy
= 0,38
√ 2 x 105
446,88
= 8,04
85
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
Kondisi Leleh
Ø Py = 0,9 × Ag× Fy
= 0,9 ×173,9 × 4468,8
= 699411,89 kg
Pu 2820
=
ØPy 0,9× 173,9× 4468,8
= 0,00403<0,125
86
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
lk
i min ≤ 4,71
√ E
Fy
Mencari nilai k, pada nomogram :
87
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
Ga =
∑ I /l
0
Ga =
1870 /532
1870 /532
Ga = 1
≤ 4,71
√ 200000
446,8
79,44< 99,65 (penampang tak langsing)
π2 E π 2 200000
Fe = 2 = 2 = 312,79 Mpa
λ 79,44
[0,658 ] F
Fy
Fcr = Fe Δ=
y
L 1000
=
200 200
=5
88
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
[ 0,658 ] × 446,8
446,8
= 312,79
= 245,75 Mpa
ØPn = Ø × Ag × Fcr
= 0,9 ×173,9 ×245,75
= 38462,33 kg
Pu 2760
= = 0,07 ≤ 0,2
∅ Pn 38462,33
Pu Mu 2760 2120
+ (
2 ∅ Pn ∅ Mn )
≤ 1,0→ +
2 x 38462,33 100270 (
≤ 1, 0 )
0,06 ≤1,0 ... OK
Profil WF 350 x 350 x 12 x 19, aman digunakan.
Perencanaan Sambungan
Gaya – gaya Yang Bekerja Pada Perencanaan Sambungan :
Gaya-Gaya yang bekerja
Perencanaan
M max Nmax Vmax
Sambungan
(kgm’ ) (kg) (kg)
89
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
90
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
350X350X12X19
Jarak Baut
3d < S < 15tp atau 200 mm
3 x 20 < S < 15 x 25
60 mm < S < 375 mm
digunakan S = 200 mm = 20 cm
Jarak Tepi Baut
1,75d < S1 < 12tpatau 150 mm
1,75 x 20 < S1 < 12 x 25
35 mm < S1 < 300 mm
WF 300.300.10.15
digunakan S = 100 mm = 10 cm
Alob.y = n.d.tp
= 2.2.(2,5)
= 10 cm2
91
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
Cek
Alob. ¿ 15%.(Fbruto)
10 15%.(601,5)
10 cm2 90,22 cm2
92
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
93
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
350X350X12X19
Jarak Baut
3d <S < 15tp atau 200 mm
3 x 20 <S < 15 x 25
60 mm <S < 375 mm
digunakan S = 100 mm = 10 cm
94
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
Alob. ¿ 15%.(Fbruto.)
10 ¿ 15%.(601,5)
10 cm2 ¿ 90,22 cm2
Kapasitas tarik baut
Td = 0,75 x fnt x Ab
1
= (0,75).(6200 kg/cm2).( .22)
4
= 87606 kg
T1 = 87606kgx 2
= 175212 kg
T 1x z2
T2 =
z1
175212 kg x 20 cm
=
30 cm
= 116808 kg
z3
T3 = x T1
z1
10 cm
= x 175212 kg
30 cm
=58404 kg
95
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
Mn = T1 . z1 + T2 . z2 + T3 . z3
= (175212 kg x 30 cm) + (116808 kg x 20 cm) + (58404 kg x 10 cm)
= 8176560 kg.cm
= 81765,60 kgm > Mu = 4277,6 kgm
Kuat geser baut
Vd = 0,75 x fnv x Ab
= 0,75 x 4570 x (¼ x π x 22)
= 10767 kg
Vn = Vd.n
= (10767).6
= 64602 kg > Vmax = 2499,58 kg
96
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
350X350X12X19
500X200X10X16
400X200X8X13
25 mm
Jarak Baut
3d <S < 15tp atau 200 mm
3 x 20 <S < 15 x 25
60 mm <S < 375 mm
digunakan S = 100 mm = 10 cm
Jarak Tepi Baut
1,75d < S1 < 12tp atau 150 mm
1,75 x 20 < S1 < 12 x 25
35 mm < S1 <300 mm
97
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
digunakan S = 75 mm = 7,5 cm
98
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
Alob.y = n.d.t
= 5.2.(2,5)
= 25 cm2
Cek
Alob. ¿ 15%.(Fbruto.)
25 cm2 ¿ 15%.(601,5)
25 cm2 ¿ 90,22 cm2
Kapasitas tarik baut
Td = 0,75 x fnt x Ab
1 2
= (0,75).(6200).( . π .2 .5)
4
= 73042,03 kg
M =Fxz
M
F =
z
6146,4 kgm x 100
= = 7680 kg
20 cm
F < Td
30732 kg < 73042,03 kg
99
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
= 74430 kg
100
Harrys Purnama ( 201510340311020 )
Dede Rizki Alimudin ( 201401340311049 )
Tugas Besar Struktur Baja 2017
101