1

9.1
Osiloskop Sinar Katod (OSK)
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope C.R.O
2. Apa yang berlaku kepada tenaga elektron jika
logam dipanaskan?
What happen to the energy of the electron if the
metal is heated?

………………………………………………………………

3. Apa yang berlaku kepada elektron bebas jika

Rajah 9.1.1 / Diagram 9.1.1
Rajah 9.1.1 menunjukkan denyutan jantung seorang
pesakit di hospital boleh diawasi menggunaka alat
dikenali sebagai osiloskop sinar katod. Ia berkerja
dengan membebaskan elektron daripada pross
yang dikenali sebagai pancaran termion.
The heart beats of a patient in a hospital can be
monitored by using a device called cathode ray
oscilloscope. It works by emitting electrons from the
process called thermionic emission.
Aktiviti 1 / Activity 1
Tujuan: Menerangkan pancaran termion
Aim: Explain thermionic emission
logam dipanaskan pada suhu yang tinggi?
What happens to the free electrons if the metal is
heated at a high temperature?
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
4. Apakah nama diberikan kepada proses yang
membebaskan elektron?
What is the name of this process of electrons
emission?
………………………………………………………………
5. Apa maksud pancaran termion?
What is thermionic emission?

Aktiviti 2 / Activity 2
Tujuan: Menerangkan sinar katod
Aim: Explain cathode rays

1. Permukaan logam mengandungi bilangan

elektron bebas yang banyak. Apakah elektron
bebas?
The surface of metal contains a large number of
free electrons. What are free electrons?
 Logam mempunyai bilangan ………………. yang
banyak yang bebas bergerak.
Metal consists of a large number of …………..
which are free to move. Rajah 9.1.3 menunjukkan satu tiub vakum.
Diagram 9.1.3 shows a vaccum tube.
 Pada suhu bilik, elektron-elektron adalah
……….. bergerak tetapi tetap berada di dalam 1. Apakah itu tiub vakum?
logam. What is a vacuum tube?
At room temperature, the electrons are …………..
to move but remain inside the metal. ………………………………………………………………

 Elektron-elektron tidak boleh lepas daripada ………………………………………………………………

permukaan sebab mereka ditarik oleh ………..
tarikan nuklues atom.
The electrons cannot escape at the surface
because they are held back by the attractive
________ of the atomic nucleus.
 2

2. Nyatakan sambungan terminal yang betul untuk (a) Apakah senapang elektron?
katod dan anod. What is an electron gun?
State the correct terminal connection for anode and
cathode. ………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………… (b) Dengan melengkapkan jadual di bawah,

huraikan prinsip kerja senapang elektron.
3. Apa yang berlaku kepada penunjuk miliammter By completing the table below, explain the working
jika anda menekankan suis bekalan kuasa 6 V,S1 principle of an elektron gun.
What happens to the miliammeter pointer if you
click the 6 V power supply switch, S1? Struktur Fungsi
Sturctue function
………………………………………………………………
6 V a.u
4. Ini menandakan apa? 6 V a.c
What does this indicate?

……………………………………………………………… Filamen / katod

Filament /
5. Tekan suis S1 dan S2 (EHT power supply). Apa cathode
yang berlaku kepada bacaan miliammter. Click
switch S1 and S2 (the EHT switch). What happens to Anod
the miliammeter reading? Anode

……………………………………………………………… Voltan lampau

tinggi,
6. Ini menandakan apa Extra high
What does this indicate? tension
Skrin
……………………………………………………………… berpendaflour
Pendarflour
7. Terangkan jawapan anda di soalan 6. screen
Explain your answer in question 6.
(c) Mengapakah ruang dalam senapang elektron
……………………………………………………………… divakumkan?
Why the space in the electron gun is vacuumed?
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
Eksperimen 1 / Experiment 1:
8. Apakah itu sinar katod? Tujuan: Mengkaji ciri-ciri sinar katod menggunakan
What is cathode rays? tiub Palang Maltese
Aim: Investigate the properties of electron streams
in a Maltese cross cathode ray tube.

Radas: Tiub Palang Maltese, bekalan kuasa Voltan

lampau tinggi, VLT, wayar penyambung,
magnet
Apparatus: Maltese cross tube, Extra Hight Tension
(E.H.T) power supply, connecting wires, a
9. Rajah 9.1.4 menunjukkan satu senapang strong magnet
elektron.
Diagram 9.1.4 shows an electron gun.
 3

Prosedur / Procedure Prosedur / Procedure

1. 6 V bekalan pemanas dihidupkan. 3. Bekalan pemanas 6 V dan bekalan voltan
6 V heater supply is connected lampau tinggi 3 kV disambungkan. Dua magnet
bar diletakkan di tepi tiub.
Pemerhatian / Observation: 6 V heater supply and 3 kV power supply are
connected. Two bar magnets are placed by sides
……………………………………………………………… of the tube.

………………………………………………………………

Penerangan / Explanation:

......................................................................................

……………………………………………………………… Pemerhatian / Observation:

……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………
Kesimpulan / Conclusion:
Penerangan / Explanation:
......................................................................................
......................................................................................
Prosedure / Procedure
………………………………………………………………
2. 6 V bekalan pemanas dan bekalan kuasa 3 kV
VLT dihidupkan.
Kesimpulan / Conclusion:
6 V heater supply and 3 kV power supply are
connected
......................................................................................
Pemerhatian / Observation: Namakan peraturan yang digunakan untuk
menentukan arah pesongan bayang.
……………………………………………………………… Name the rule used to determine the direction of
deflection of the shadow between the magnetic fields.
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………

Eksperimen 2 / Experiment 2:
Tujuan: Mengkaji ciri-ciri sinar katod di dalam
medan elektrik menggunakan tiub
pemesongan sinar katod.
Aim: Investigate the properties of cathode rays in an
electric field by using a defleting cathode ray
tube.

Penerangan / Explanation:

......................................................................................

……………………………………………………………..

Kesimpulan / Conclusion:

1. ................................................................................

2. …………………………………………………………

3. …………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………

Prosedur / Procedure
1. Sambungkan tiub pemesongan sinar katod ke
bekalan kuasa 6.0 V a.u
Connect the deflecting cathode ray tube to the 6.0
V ac power supply
Prosedur
procedure
Sambungkan anod dan
katod ke bekalan kuasa
VLT 1.
Connect the anode and
cathode to EHT 1 power
supply.
Sambungkan plat
pemesongan
menggunakan VLT 2. Plat
atas disambungkan ke
terminal positif EHT 2 dan
plat bawah
disambungkan ke
terminal negatif.
Connect the deflecting
plates using a separate
EHT 2. Top plate is
connected to the positive
EHT 2 and lower plate is
connected to the negative
terminal EHT.
Ulang eksperimen dengan
plat atas disambungkan
ke terminal negatif EHT 2
dan plat bawah
disambungkan ke
terminal positif.
Repeat the experiment by
connecting top plate to the
negative EHT2 and lower
plate is connected to the
positive terminal EHT.
Kesimpulan / Conclusion:
1. …………………………………………………………
2. …………………………………………………………
Aktiviti 3 / Activity 3:
1. Huraikan ciri-ciri sinar katod
Describe the properties of cathode rays
1. …………………………………………………………
2. …………………………………………………………
3. …………………………………………………………
4. …………………………………………………………
5. …………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
4
2. Nyatakan jenis tenaga dan pergerakan sinar
katod dalam tiub sinar katod.
Types of energy and motion of the cathode rays in a
cathode rays tube
Pemerhatian
observation
kawasan Jenis pergerakan
Region Types of Motion
PQ : Katod ke Anod
Cathode to Anode
QR: anod ke skrin
Anode to screen
Kawasan / Region Jenis tenaga
Types of energy
P : Katod
Cathode
PQR: katod ke skrin
cathode to screen
R : skrin
screen
3. Namakan tenaga yang dibekalkan kepada sinar
katod oleh bekalan kuasa VLT di antara katod
dengan anod.
Name the energy which is supplied to the cathode
rays by the power supply EHT between cathode
and anode.
………………………………………………………………
4. Diberi Q = e, cas 1 elektron 1.6 x 10-19 C , V =
beza keupayaan merentasi katod dengan anod.
Tulis satu persamaan yang menghubungkan
antara tenaga, E, e dan V.
Given that Q = e, cas for 1 electron, 1.6 x 10-19 C
and V = voltage across cathode and anode. Write
an equation to relate between the energy, E, e and
V.
………………………………………………………………
5. Namakan tenaga yang diperolehi oleh elektron
apabila ia memecut daripada katod menuju ke
skrin.
Name the energy gains by the electron when it
accelerates from cathode to the screen.
………………………………………………………………
6. Diberi m = jisim elektron, v = laju elekron, tulis
persamaan yang menghubungkan tenaga, E ,
m dan v.
Given that m = mass of electron, v = speed of
electron, write an equation to relate energy, E, m
and v.
 5

7. Tenaga dalam soalan 3 akan dipindahkan

kepada tenaga dalam soalan 5. Namakan 3. Graf yang dihasilkan pada OSK terdiri
prinsip fizik yang menghubungkan antara daripada 2 paksi.
kedua-dua tenaga ini. The graph produced in CRO consists of 2 axises.
Energy in question 3 is transferred to energy in
question 5. State the physics principle which Menegak (paks y) / Vertical (y-axis):
relates these enegies.
……………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
Mengufuk (paksi x) / Horizontal (x-axis):
8. Tulis persamaan yang menghubungkan kedua-
dua tenaga mengikut prinsip yang dinyatakan ……………………………………………………
dalam soalan 7. Write an equation to relate both
energies based on the principle stated in question
7.

………………………………………………………………

9. Nyatakan perubahan tenaga yang diperolehi

oleh elektron daripada katod ke skrin.
State the energy changes gains by the electron
from cathode to the screen.

………………………………………………………………

10. Beza keupayaan antara katod dengan anod 4. Namakan 3 komponen dalam OSK.
ialah 3000 V. Cas satu elektron ialan 1.6 Name 3 components in CRO.
x 10-19 C. Hitung tenaga kinetik yang diperolehi
oleh elektron ketika ia sampai di anod. 1. …………………………………………………
The voltage between the cathode and anode is
3000 V. The charge of an electron is 1.6 x 10-19 C. 2. …………………………………………………
Calculate the kinetic energy possesses by an
electron as it reaches the anode. 3. …………………………………………………

5. Nyatakan fungsi senapang elektron dalam

OSK.
State the function of an electron gun in CRO.

11. Jika beze keupayaan yang merentasi katod …………………………………………………………….

dan anod sebuah tiub vakum ialah 4 500 V,
berapakah laju elektron ketika sampai di anod …………………………………………………………….
tiub vakum itu?
If the voltage across cathode and anode in a Lengkapkan jadual di bawah. Rujuk Rajah 9.1.9.
vacuum tube is 4 500 V, what is the speed of Complete table below. Refer to Diagram 9.1.9.
elektron as it reaches the anode?
(e = 1.6 x 10-19 C, m = 9.1 x 10-31 kg)

Aktiviti 4 / Activity 4
Tujuan: Huraikan Osiloskop sinar katod
Aim: Describe the Cathode Ray Oscilloscope

1. Apa itu osiloskop sinar katod (O.S.K)?

What is a cathode ray oscilloscope (C.R.O?)

………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………

2. Nyatakan 3 kegunaan OSK.

State 3 usage of CRO.

1. …………………………………………………

2. …………………………………………………

3. …………………………………………………
 6

Struktur Fungsi
structure Function ………………………………………………………..
Dipanaskan apabila arus melaluinya. Ia
digunakan untuk memanaskan katod.
Is heated when current flows through it. It
is used to heat up the cathode.
Katod yang dipanaskan membebaskan
elektron melalui proses pancaran
termion
Heated cathode emits electrons through
the process of thermionic emissions. (c) Apa yang berlaku kepada alur elektron dan di
Mengawal bilangan elektron dalam alur mana kedudukan tompok cerah apabila beza
elektron. keupayaan negatif input dikenakan?
Control the number of electrons in the What happens to the electron beam and the
electron beams. position of the bright spot when a negative voltage
Memfokus elektron kepada satu satu is applied?
alur halus supaya satu tompok cahaya
tajam akan terbentuk pada skrin. ………………………………………………………..
To focus the electrons into a fine beam so
that a sharp light spot is produced on a ………………………………………………………..
screen.
Memecutkan alur elektron ke arah
skrin.
To accelerate the electron beam towards
the screen.

6. Nyatakan fungsi sistem pemesongan sebuah

OSK.
(d) Apa yang berlaku kepada alur elektron dan di
State the function of a deflecting system in a CRO
mana kedudukan tompok cerah apabila beza
keupayaan arus ulang alik dikenakan?
………………………………………………………………
What happens to the electron beam and the
position of the bright spot when an a.c voltage is
………………………………………………………………
applied?
Plat Y / Y-plates: …………………………………………
………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………..
Plat X / X-plates: ………………………………………...
……………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………

(a) Apa yang berlaku kepada alur elektron dan di

mana kedudukan tompok cerah apabila tidak
ada beza keupayaan input dikenakan?
What happens to the electron beam and the
position of the bright spot when no input voltage is
applied?

……………………………………………………….. (7) Terangkan bagaimana tompok cerah

dihasilkan atas skrin sebuah OSK.
……………………………………………………….. Explain how the bright spot is formed on the
screen of the C.R.O.

…………………………………………...................

............................................................................

...........................................................................

(b) Apa yang berlaku kepada alur elektron dan di

mana kedudukan tompok cerah apabila beza
keupayaan positif input dikenakan?
What happens to the electron beam and the
position of the bright spot when a positive voltage
is applied?

………………………………………………………..
 7

Hurai prinsip kerja osiloskop sinar katod Tutup Dasar-masa / Turn off time base
Describe the working principle of the cathode ray
oscilloscope CRO

Sambungan ke bateri Terbalikkan sambungan

Connected to a dry cell Reversed the dry cell
connection

Buka Dasar-masa / Turn on time base

Aktiviti 5 / Activity 5
Tujuan: Paparan bentuk gelombang
Aim: Displaying waveforms

Sambungan ke bateri Terbalikkan sambungan

Connected to a dry cell Reversed the dry cell
connection

7. Sambungkan bekalan kuasa 2 V a.u ke input Y.

Connect an AC current of 2 V to the Y-input
8. Perhatikan paparan atas skrin.
1. Setkan gandaan-Y OSK kepada 0.5 V/bahagian. Observe the display on the screen
Tutup suis dasar-masa.
Set the Y-gain of the CRO to 0.5 V/div.Turn off the
time base.
2. Sambungkan bateri ke input-Y.
Connect a battery to the Y-input
3. Perhatikan paparan OSK pada skrin.
Observe the display on the CRO screen.
4. Terbalikkan terminal bateri. Ulang langkah 3.
Reverse the terminals of the battery. Repeat step 4.
5. Hidupkan dasar-masa. Perhatikan paparan pada
skrin OSK. Pemerhatian / Observation:
Turn on the time base. Observe the display on the
CRO screen. Tutup dasar-masa Buka dasar-masa
6. Terbalikkan terminal bateri dan perhatikan Turn off time base Turn on time base
semula.
Reverse the terminals of the battery and observe
again

Pemerhatian / Observation

Tiada input / No input


Aktiviti 6 / Activity 6:
Tujuan: Mengukur beza keupayaan menggunakan
OSK.
Aim: Measure Potential Difference using the C.R.O
1. Beza keupayaan a.t. dengan dasar-masa ditutup
d.c voltage with the time-base off
Berapakah nilai beza keupayaan a.t. dalam Rajah
9.1.13(a) dan 9.1.13(b) jika gandaan-Y ialah 1
V/bahagian.
What is the value of the dc voltage in Diagram 9.1.13(a)
and 9.1.13(b) if the Y-gain control is 1 V/div?
…………………………. …………………………
2. Beza keupayaan a.t dengan dasar-masa dibuka
DC voltages with the time-base on:
Berapakah nilai beza keupayaan a.t. dalam Rajah
9.1.14(a) dan 9.1.14(b) jika gandaan-Y ialah 0.5
V/bahagian?
What is the value of the dc voltage in Diagram 9.1.14(a)
and 9.1.14(b) if the Y-gain control is 0.5 V/div?
…………………. ……………………
Apakah perubahan yang diperhatikan atas skrin
apabila terminal bateri diterbalikkan?
What difference can be observed on the screen when
the terminals of a battery are reversed?
………………………………………………………………
Apabila dua bateri disambung sesiri digunakan,
apakah perubahan yang boleh diperhatikan atas
skrin?
When two batteries in series are used, what difference
can be observed on the screen?
……………………………………………………………..
8
Apakah perubahan pada paparan skrin apabila
dasar-masa dibuka?
What is the difference in the display when the time
base is turned on?
………………………………………………………………
3. Beza keupayaan a.u dengan dasar-masa dibuka
AC voltages with the time-base on:
Gandaan Y = 2 V/bahagian / Y-gain = 2 V/div
Tinggi garis menegak daripada kosong = …………
Height of vertical trace from zero position = ………….
Beza keupayaan a.u puncak = …………………
Peak ac voltage = ………………………
Apa perubahan pada paparan skrin jika beza
keupayaan a.u input digandakan?
What is the change in the screen display if the input AC
voltage is doubled?
………………………………………………………………
Apa berlaku kepada paparan atas skirn jika
gandaan Y dikurangkan ke 0.5 V/bahagian?
What happen to the display on the screen if the Y-gain
is decreased to 0.5 V/div?
………………………………………………………………
Aktiviti 7/ Activity 7:
Tujuan; Mengukur sela masa pendek menggunakan
O.S.K
Aim: Measure Short Time Intervals using the
C.R.O
1. Dasar-masa disetkan ke 1 ms/bahagian; 1
bah. = 0.001 s.
The time-base is set to 1 ms/div;it means I div =
0.001 s
2. Bilangan bahagian dikira antara dua puncak.
The number of div is counted between two crests.
3. Sela masa pendek antara dua denyutan = bil.
Bahagian x dasar-masa.
The short time interval between pulses =
Multiplying the number of division by the time-base
4. Panjang antara 2 isyarat = ………….. bah.
Length between 2 signals = ……….. div
 9

Masa diambil = ………………..

Time taken, t = …………………
3. Rajah 9.1.19 menunjukkan gelombang
dihasilkan oleh penjana audio yang dipaparkan
pada OSK. Panjang antara dua puncak ialah 3
Latihan / Exercise
cm.
Selesaikan masalah berkaitan paparan O.S.K.
Diagram 9.1.19 shows a wave produced by an
Solve Problems based on the C.R.O display
audio generator displayed the screen of a CRO.
The length between the two crests is 3 cm.
1. Rajah 9.1.17 menunjukkan satu surih dihasilkan
(a) Jika dasar-masa disetkan ke 5 ms/bah, cari
oleh bekalan kuasa a.u yang disambung ke
tempoh gelombang.
input-Y OSK yang disetkan pada 20 V/bah dan 5
If the time-base is set to 5 ms/div, find the
ms/bah.
period of the wave.
Diagram 9.1.17 shows a trace produced by an ac
(b) Berapakah frekuensi gelombang?
power supply which is connected to Y-input of an
What is the frequency of the wave?
CRO setting at 20 V/div and 5 ms/div.
(c) Apabila frekuensi gelombang
digandaduakan, berapakah panjang antara
dua puncak?
When the frequency of the wave is double,
what is the length between the two crests?

Hitung / Calculate:
(a) Tempoh / Period
4. Rajah 9.1.20 menunjukkan satu gelombang
(b) Frekuensi / Frequency dipaparkan pada skrin OSK apabila bekalan
kuasa a.u disambung ke input-Y OSK.
Berapakah beza keupayaan puncak apabila
(c) Beza keupayaan puncak / Peak voltage gandaan-Y dilaraskan ke 20 V/cm?
Diagram 9.1.20 shows a waveform is displayed on
the screen of a CRO when an a.c. power l is
connected to Y-input of the CRO . What is the peak
voltage of the alternating current when the Y-gain of
2. Rajah 9.1.18 menunjukkan satu surih dihasilkan the CRO is adjusted at 20 V cm-1?
oleh bekalan kuasa a.u yang disambungkan ke
OSK dengan dasar-masa ditutup. Gandaan-Y
diset ke 20 V/bah. Cari beza keupayaan puncak.
Diagram 9.1.18 shows a trace produced by an a.c
power supply connected to a CRO with the time
base is switched of. The Y-gain is set to 20 V/div.
Find the peak voltage.

5. Satu kapal terbang dikesan daripada sebuah

stesyen radar. Kedua-dua isyarat Y yang
dipancarkan dan isyarat X yang dipantulkan
dipaparkan pada skrin OSK seperti
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 9.1.20. Dasar-masa
diset pada 50 ms/bah dan laju isyarat di
udara ialah 3 x 108 ms-1. Hitung jarak antara
kapal terbang dengan stesen radar pada
ketika itu.
An aircraft is detected from a radar station. The
two transmitted signal Y and reflected signal, X
are displayed on the screen of a CRO as shown
in Diagram 9.1.20. The time-base is set at 50
ms/div and the speed of the signal in air is 3 x
108 ms-1 .
Calculate the distance of the aircraft detected
from the radar station at that time.
 10

3. The diagram shows a waveform is displayed on

the screen of a CRO when an a.c. power l is
connected to Y-input of the CRO .The time-base
is switched off

TUTORIAL 9.1
What is the peak voltage of the alternating
1. Which diagram shows the correct movement of current when the Y-gain of the CRO is adjusted
an electron beam in an electric field? (2005) at 20 V cm-1?
A 80.0 V
B 56.6 V
C 40.0 V
D 28.3 V
E 15.9 V

4. The diagram shows a waveform is displayed on

the screen of a CRO when a moving an a.c.
power supply is connected to Y-input of the
CRO. The frequency of the alternating current
is 200 Hz.

2. The diagram shows the trace on the of a CRO

when an a.c. power supply is connected to the What is the time taken from A to B?
Y-input of the CRO.
A 5 x 10 -3 s
B 7.5 x10 -3 s
C 1.0 x 10 -2 s
D 5.0 x 10-2 s

5. The figure shows a waveform obtained on the

Which of the following tracing is formed on the
screen when the a.c. power supply is replaced
by a dry cell?
screen of CRO at an airport radar station. The
point M and N indicate the time transmission to
an aero plane and time of receiving the
reflected signals by the radar station .
[ Time-base control setting of the CRO = 5 ms
cm-1 , the speed of light = 3 x 10 8 m s -1

What is the distance between the radar station

and the aero plane.
A 600 km
B 1500 km
C 300 km
D 100 km
 11

6. Diagram 27 shows a cathode being heated by a 9. Diagram 29 shows a shadow formed on the
filament. screen of a Maltese Cross Tube. The shadow is
deflected by the magnets.

Which particle is emitted from the cathode?

(2008) The direction of the deflection is determined by
A. proton using (2011)
B. neutron A. The Fleming’s left hand rule
C. electron B. The Fleming’s right hand rule
D. alpha C. The right hand grip rule

7. Diagram 26 shows an audio signal generator 10. Diagram 33 shows the structure of a cathode
connected to a cathode ray oscilloscope, CRO. ray oscilloscope.

Which signal shows the loudest and the

highest pitched audio signal. (2009)
Which component A, B, C and D causes the
electrons to accelerate? (2011)

11. Which particle escapes from the surface of a

metal when it is heated at a high temperature?
(2012)
A. Proton
B. Neutron
C. Nucleon
D. Electron

PAPER 2, SECTION A
8. Diagram 15 shows the process of electrons
escaping from the surface of a heated metal. 1. Question 4: Melaka 09
Diagram 4.1 shows a deflecting cathode rays tube

What is this process? (2011)

A. Radiation C. Rectification
B. Evaporation D. Thermionic Emission

(a) The function of the filament is to heat the

cathode and releases electrons on its surface
(i) Name the process mention in (a)

……………………………………….................
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain why a very high voltage of 3000 V
is used in Diagram 4.1
.......................................................................
[1 mark]

(iii) State the energy changes
experience by the electrons
from anode to the screen. [1 m]
……………………………………………………
(b) The voltage between the cathode
and anode is 3000 V. The charge of an
electron is 1.6 x 10-19 C. Calculate the kinetic
energy possesses by an electron as it
reaches the anode. [2 marks]
(c)(i) 1000 V power supply is
connected to the top and lower plates. The
top plate is connected to the positive
terminal and the lower plate is connected to
the negative terminal. Sketch the path of the
cathode rays in Diagram 4.2.
[1 mark]
(c)(ii) From the answer in (c)(i), state one
characteristic of cathode rays.
………………………………………..
2. SPM 2010: Question 4
Diagram 4.1 shows a bright spot, P, formed on the
screen of a cathode-ray oscilloscope, C.R.O., when
it is switched on.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan satu tompok cerah, P,
terbentuk di atas skrin sebuah osiloskop sinar kator,
O.S.K., apabila suis dihidupkan.
Diagram 4.1
(a) What is the meaning of cathode-ray?
Apakah maksud sinar katod?
………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
12
(b) Explain how the bright spot is formed on the
screen of the C.R.O.
Terangkan bagaimana tompok cerah itu terbentuk
di atas skrin O.S.K.
……………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
(c) Diagram 4.2 shows the bright spot is
displaced to Q when a direct current, d.c.
supply, is connected to the Y-input of the
C.R.O.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan tompok cerah itu tersesar
ke Q apabila bekalan kuasa arus terus, a.t
disambung ke input-Y O.S.K itu.
Diagram 4.2
The Y-gain of the C.R.O is set at 2 V/division.
Calculate the input voltage of the d.c. supply.
Gandaan Y O.S.K tersebut disetkan pada 2
V/bahagian. Hitungkan voltan input bekalan a.t.
[2 marks]
(d) Diagram 4.3 shows an alternating current, a.c.
supply, is connected to the C.R.O. The Y-gain
of the C.R.O remains at 2 V/division.
Rajah 4.3 menunjukkan satu bekalan arus ulang
alik, a.u. disambung ke O.S.K. Gandaan Y O.S.K
kekal pada 2 V/bahagian.
Diagram 4.3
Draw the output signal on the screen in
Diagram 4.3 when the peak voltage of the a.c.
supply is 6 V and the time base is switched
off.
Lukis isyarat output pada skrin dalam Rajah 4.3
apabila voltan puncak bekalan a.u ialah 6 V dan
suis dasar masa ditutup.
[2 marks]

3. Question 3: SPM 2013
Diagram 3.1 shows a simple cathode rays tube.
Cathode emits electrons when switch P is closed.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan satu osiloskop sinar katod
yang ringkas memancarkan electron apabila suis P
ditutup.
(a) Name the process that enables the
emission of electrons at the cathode.
Namakan proses yang membolehkan
pemancaran electron daripada katod.
………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(b) State one reason why the extra high
voltage is used.
Nyatakan satu sebab mengapa voltan lampau
tinggi digunakan. [1 mark]
………………………………………………………………
(c) When electrons flow in the cathode rays
tube, the current produced in 5 seconds is
0.01 A. Calculate the total charge of the
electrons.
Apabila electron mengalir dalam tiub sinar
katod, arus dihasilkan dalam 5 saat ialah 0.01
A. Hitung jumlah cas electron.
[2 marks]
(d) Diagram 3.2 shows an incomplete path of a
cathode ray in an electric field.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan satu lintasan yang
tidak lengkap bagi sinar katod dalam medan
elektrik.
(i) In Diagram 3.2, complete the path of the
cathode ray.
Dalam Rajah 3.2, lengkapkan lintasan sinar
katod. [1 mark]
(ii) Give one reason for the answer in 3(d)(i).
Beri satu sebab untuk jawapan dalam 3(d)(i).
………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
13
4. Question 4: SPM 2016
Diagram 4.1 shows a cross section of a Maltese
Cross tube which is used to study the
characteristics of cathode rays. The cathode ray is
produced when electrons emitted from a heated
cathode.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan keratan rentas tiub Palang
Maltese yang digunakan untuk mengkaji sifat sinar
katoci Sinar katod dihasilkan apabila elektron terpancar
dari katod yang dipanaskan.
(a) Name the process of emitting electrons from the
heated cathode.
Namakan proses pemancaran elektron dari
katodyang dipanaskan.
………………………………………………………………
……
[1 mark]
(b) Diagram 4.2 shows a shadow and a green light
region seen on the screen.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan satu bayang dan
kawasan cahaya hijau dilihat di atas skrin.
Give a reason why
Beri satu sebab mengapa
(i) the shadow is formed on the screen.
bayang terbentuk di at as skrin.
………………………………………………………………
(ii) the green light region is formed on the
screen,
kawasan cahaya hijau terbentuk di atas skrin.
………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
 14

(c) Electrical potential energy 4.8 x 10-16 J gained by

an
electron is converted to kinetic energy of the
electron in the Maltese Cross tube. Calculate the
velocity of the electron.
[The mass of an electron, m = 9.0 x 10-31 kg ]
Tenaga keupayaan elektrik 4.8 x 10-16 J yang
diterima oleh satu electron ditukarkan kepada
tenaga kinetik untuk elektron tersebut dalam tiub
Palang Maltese.
Hitung halaju elektron tersebut.
[Jisim bagi satu elektron, m = 9.0 x 10-31 kg ]

[2 marks]

(d) Diagram 4.3 shows two magnets with opposite

poles are placed at the sides of the tube causing
the shadow being deflected.
Rajah 4.3 menunjukkan dua batang magnet dengan
kutub berlawanan diletakkan di sisi tiub tersebut
menyebabkan bayang itu terpesong.

(i) Diagram 4.4 shows front view of the screen

seen by the observer.
Rajah 4.4 menunjukkan pandangan hadapan
skrin yang dilihat oleh pemerhati.

In Diagram 4.4, draw an arrow to show the

direction of the deflected shadow.
Pada Rajah 4.4, lukis anak panah untuk
menunjukkan arah pesongan bayang tersebut.
[1 mark]

(ii) State the physics rule used to determine

the direction of the shadow.
Nyatakan petua fizik yang digunakan untuk
menentukan arah bayang tersebut.

...........................................................................
[1 mark]