Informasi Pendaftaran Surfer®

Nomor seri Surfer Anda ada di sampul CD atau di email

petunjuk pengunduhan, tergantung bagaimana Anda membeli
Surfer.

Daftarkan nomor seri Surfer Anda secara online di

www.GoldenSoftware.com. Atau, lengkapi Formulir Pendaftaran.
PDF, terletak di direktori utama CD instalasi. Kembalikan
Formulir Pendaftaran.PDF melalui surat atau faks. Informasi
ini tidak akan didistribusikan kembali.
Pendaftaran memberi Anda hak untuk mendapatkan dukungan teknis
gratis, pembaruan ringan gratis, dan tingkatkan harga untuk
rilis Surfer mendatang. Nomor seri adalah diperlukan saat Anda
menjalankan Surfer pertama kali, hubungi dukungan teknis, atau
beli upgrade Surfer.

Untuk referensi di masa mendatang, tulis nomor seri Anda di

baris di bawah ini.

January 2014
Isi

Bab 1 - Memperkenalkan Surfer

Pengantar Surfer® .............................................. ....................................... 1

Siapa Yang Menggunakan Surfer? .................................................. ................................. 2

Fitur baru ................................................ .................................................. 2

Mudah digunakan ................................................ .............................................. 2

Fitur Peta ................................................ ............................................. 3

Fitur Gridding ................................................ ....................................... 4

Fitur Menggambar dan Mengedit Batas ............................................. ............ 4

Fitur Data ................................................ ............................................ 4

Peningkatan Impor dan Ekspor .................................................. ................... 5

Otomasi ................................................. ............................................... 6

Proyeksi, Sistem Koordinasi, dan Datum ........................................... ...... 6

Persyaratan sistem ................................................ ....................................... 8

Petunjuk Instalasi ................................................ ........................................ 8

Menginstal Surfer ................................................ .......................................... 8

Memperbarui Surfer ................................................ .......................................... 9

Menghapus Instalasi Surfer ................................................ ...................................... 9

Fungsi Demo Surfer ............................................... ........................... 10

Catatan tentang Dokumentasi ............................................. .......................... 10

Surfer User Interface ............................................... ........................................ 11

Membuka Windows ................................................ ..................................... 13

Memilih dan Menutup Windows .............................................. ..................... 13

Perubahan yang Belum Disimpan ................................................ ..................................... 13

Plot Dokumen ................................................ ................................................ 14

Dokumen Lembar Kerja ................................................ ...................................... 15

Editor Grid Node ............................................... .............................................. 15

Manajer Obyek ................................................ .............................................. 18

Membuka dan Menutup Object Manager ............................................ ......... 18

Otomatis Sembunyikan Manajer Objek ............................................. ....................... 18

Pohon Object Manager ................................................... .................................. 19

Mengatur Objek ................................................ ..................................... 19

Visibilitas Objek .................................................... ........................................ 20

Membuka Properti Obyek ............................................... ........................... 20

Memilih Objek ................................................ ...................................... 21

Gulir di Object Manager .................................................. .............................. 21

Manajer properti ................................................ ........................................... 21

Luaskan dan Perkecil Fitur .................................................. ...................... 22

Mengubah Properti .................................................... ...................................... 22

Menerapkan Perubahan Manajer Properti .............................................. .............. 23

Perintah Keyboard .................................................... ................................ 23

Default Properti .................................................... ...................................... 23

Area Informasi Manajer Properti .................................................. ............... 23

Mengubah Tata Letak Jendela .............................................. .............................. 24

Visibilitas ................................................. ................................................. 24

Manajer Menyembunyikan Otomatis .............................................. ................................. 24

Ukuran ................................................. .................................................. ..... 25

Posisi ................................................. .................................................. 25

Mekanisme Docking ................................................ .................................. 25

Memulihkan Manajer dan Windows ke Lokasi Asli mereka ..................... 26

Dokumen dengan Tab ................................................ ................................... 26

Bilah Alat ..................................................... .................................................. ..... 27

Tampilkan atau Sembunyikan Toolbar .............................................. ................................. 27

Tampilan Tip Alat dari Fungsi Tombol ............................................ .................. 27

Kustomisasi Toolbar ................................................ ................................... 27

Posisi Toolbar ................................................ ...................................... 28

Jenis-jenis Toolbar ............................................... ...................................... 28

Status bar ................................................ .................................................. ... 30

Bagian Status Bar ............................................... .................................... 30

Sesuaikan Lebar Bagian ............................................... ...................................... 30

Kemajuan ................................................. ................................................. 31

Batalkan ................................................. .................................................. .. 31

ii

Penguasa ..................................................... .................................................. ........ 31

Menggambar Kotak ................................................ .................................................. 31

Setel ulang Windows ................................................ ............................................... 32

Bagan Arus Surfer ............................................... ............................................. 33

Tur Tiga Menit .............................................. ............................................ 33

Contoh Surfer Files ............................................... .................................. 33

Gambaran Umum Surfer Sampel .SRF File ........................................... ............... 34

Menggunakan Surfer ................................................ ............................................. 36

Menggunakan Scripter ................................................ .......................................... 39

Jenis File ................................................ .................................................. .... 40

File Data ................................................ ................................................ 40

Kisi File ................................................ ................................................. 40

File Batas ................................................ ......................................... 40

Surfer Files ................................................ .............................................. 40

Jenis Peta ................................................ .................................................. ... 41

Peta Kontur ................................................ ........................................... 41

Peta Dasar ................................................ ................................................ 41

Posting Peta ................................................ ................................................ 42

Peta Gambar dan Peta Bantuan yang Dinaungi ............................................ ............... 42

Peta Vektor ................................................ ............................................. 43

Peta Daerah Aliran Sungai ................................................ ....................................... 43

Permukaan 3D .................................................... ............................................. 44

3D Wireframes ................................................ ......................................... 44

Pengantar Layers Peta .............................................. ................................. 45

Menggunakan Layers Peta ............................................... ....................................... 46

Layers dan 3D Wireframes .................................................. ........................... 46

Lapisan dan Permukaan 3D .............................................. ............................... 46

Pengecualian Lapisan ................................................ ...................................... 46

Batas Peta Lapisan ............................................... ....................................... 50

Mengedit Lapisan Peta .............................................. ..................................... 50

MenyembunyikanLayerPeta................. 50

Menghapus Lapisan Peta .............................................. ................................ 50

Menghapus Layer Peta .............................................. ................................... 50

Tinjauan Sistem Koordinasi ................................................... ............................. 51

Sumber Sistem Koordinat - Lapisan Peta ............................................ ............ 51

Target Coordinate System - Peta ............................................. .................... 52

Mengatur Sistem Koordinasi .................................................. ..................... 53

Mendapatkan bantuan ................................................ .................................................. 54

Bantuan Online ................................................ .............................................. 54

Bantuan Sensitif Konteks ............................................... ............................... 54

Bantuan Internet .................................................... ........................................... 54

Bantuan Otomatisasi .................................................... ....................................... 55

Lengkapi Tutorial Surfer .............................................. ........................ 55

Dukungan teknis ................................................ ........................................... 56

Daftarkan Nomor Seri ............................................... ..................................... 56

Saran ................................................. .................................................. 56

Informasi Kontak Perangkat Lunak Emas .............................................. .................. 57

Bab 2 - Tutorial Pengantar Tutorial ................................................ .......................... 59

Ikhtisar Tutorial ................................................ ............................................ 59

Pelajaran Tutorial Lanjutan ................................................... .......................... 60

Menggunakan Tutorial dengan Versi Demo ........................................... .......... 60

Catatan tentang Panduan Pengguna dan Bantuan Online ............................................. ..........

60 Bagan Arus Surfer ............................................... ............................................. 61

Starting Surfer ................................................ ............................................... 61

Pelajaran 1 - Melihat dan Membuat Data ........................................... ..................... 62

Membuka File Data yang Ada ............................................. ........................ 63

Menambahkan Data Baru ............................................... ....................................... 64

Membuat File Data Baru ............................................. ............................... 65

Menyimpan File Data .............................................. .................................... 67

Pelajaran 2 - Membuat File Kotak ........................................... ............................... 67 iv

Bagaimana file kisi diproduksi? .................................................. .................... 67

Membuat File Kotak .................................................. ..................................... 68

Pelajaran 3 - Membuat Peta Kontur ........................................... ......................... 70

Untuk apa peta kontur digunakan? .................................................. .............. 70

Membuat Peta Kontur .............................................. ............................... 71

Mengubah Tingkat Kontur ............................................... ............................ 71

Mengubah Properti Garis Kontur .............................................. .................. 72

Mengubah Properti Isi Kontur .............................................. ................... 74

Mengatur Properti Tingkat Kontur Tingkat Lanjut ............................................. ...... 76

Menambah, Menghapus, dan Memindahkan Label Kontur .......................................... ...... 79

Mengekspor Kontur 3D ............................................... ............................... 80

Pelajaran 4 - Memodifikasi Sumbu ............................................ ................................ 81

Menambahkan Judul Sumbu .............................................. .................................... 81

Mengubah Properti Label Centang ............................................. ................. 82

Pelajaran 5 - Posting Poin Data dan Bekerja dengan Layers ....................................... 83

Bagaimana lapisan peta ditambahkan ke peta yang ada? ................................................ 83

Menambahkan Lapisan Peta Posting ............................................. ............................... 84

Mengubah Properti Peta Tulisan ............................................. .................. 84

Menambahkan Label ke Lapisan Peta Posting ........................................... ................. 86

Memindahkan masing-masing Label Peta Pos ............................................. ................. 87

Pelajaran 6 - Membuat Profil ............................................ ................................. 88

Membuat Profil ................................................... .................................... 88

Pelajaran 7 - Menyimpan Peta ............................................ .......................................... 90

Menyimpan Peta ............................................... ............................................ 90

Pelajaran 8 - Membuat Peta Permukaan 3D .......................................... ...................... 90

Membuat Peta Permukaan 3D ............................................. ............................ 91

Menambahkan Jala ............................................... ........................................... 92

Mengubah Warna Lapisan Permukaan 3D ............................................ ............. 92

Menambahkan Lapisan Peta .............................................. .................................... 94

Pelajaran 9 - Menambahkan Transparansi, Skala Warna, dan Judul ..................... 95

Untuk apa transparansi digunakan? .................................................. ................. 95

Apa itu timbangan warna? .................................................. ............................. 96

Bagaimana fitur ini dapat meningkatkan peta akhir? ............................................. 96

Membuat Peta Kontur yang Terisi ............................................. ........................ 96

Menambahkan Transparansi ke Lapisan Peta ............................................. ................ 96

Menambah dan Mengedit Skala Warna ............................................ ..................... 97

Menambahkan Lapisan Peta Bantuan yang Dinaungi ............................................ ........... 99

Menambahkan Judul Peta .............................................. .................................... 100

Pelajaran 10 - Membuat Peta dari Berbagai Sistem Koordinat ............................ 101

Apa itu Sistem Koordinat Peta? .................................................. .......... 101

Untuk apa sistem koordinat digunakan? .................................................. ... 102

Membuat Lapisan Peta Pertama ............................................. ........................ 102

Menambahkan Lapisan Peta Posting ............................................. ............................. 103

Mengatur Sistem Koordinat Target untuk Peta ....................................... 105

Mengunduh Lapisan Peta Dasar Online ............................................ ......... 106

Menambahkan Teks ke Lapisan Peta Dasar ........................................... ................. 108

Pelajaran Lanjutan Opsional ............................................... ............................. 110

Pelajaran 11 - Toolbar Kustom dan Perintah Keyboard ............................... 110

Membuat Pintasan Keyboard ............................................... ..................... 111

Pelajaran 12 - Melapisi Lapisan Peta ............................................ ............... 112

Metode 1: Overlay Dua Peta yang Ada dengan Menyeret di Object Manager ... 114
Metode 2: Overlay Dua Peta yang Ada dengan menggunakan Peta | Tambahkan Perintah ....

116

Metode 3: Overlay Peta dengan Peta | Perintah Overlay Maps ............... 116

Metode 4: Menyisir Peta dari Berbagai File Surfer .................................... 117

Pelajaran 13 - Kosongkan File Kotak ........................................... ......................... 118

Pelajaran 14 - Mengubah Proyeksi di Lembar Kerja ................................. 120

Tutorial Lengkap ................................................ ......................................... 123

Bab 3 - File Data dan Lembar Kerja

File Data ................................................ .................................................. .. 125

File Data XYZ ............................................... ......................................... 125

Entri yang Hilang ................................................ ....................................... 126

vi

Banyak Kolom .................................................... .................................... 126

Informasi tambahan ................................................ ............................. 127

Data sebagai Angka atau Teks ............................................. ............................ 127

Data sebagai Tanggal / Waktu ............................................. ..................................... 129

Format File Data ................................................... .......................................... 130

Mengimpor Format File Data .............................................. ........................... 130

Mengekspor Format File Data .............................................. ............................ 130

Dokumen Lembar Kerja ................................................ .................................... 131

Komponen Window Lembar Kerja ............................................. ............ 132

Membuka Jendela Lembar Kerja .............................................. .......................... 133

Bekerja dengan Data Lembar Kerja .............................................. ........................... 134

Memilih Sel ................................................ ........................................ 134

Memasukkan Data ke dalam Sel ............................................. ............................. 136

Memilih Kolom atau Baris Pembagi Baris ........................................... ......... 136

Sel aktif ................................................ ............................................. 137

Membuat Lembar Kerja Baru .............................................. ............................... 141

Menempelkan Data ................................................ .......................................... 141

Mengimpor Data ................................................ ....................................... 142

Dialog Opsi Impor Data .............................................. ........................ 144

Mengimpor Basis Data ................................................... ............................... 147

Penghubungan Data .................................................... .......................................... 148

Edit Perintah Menu ................................................... ..................................... 154

Urungkan ..................................................... .................................................. .. 154

Mengulang ................................................. .................................................. .. 154

Potong ................................................. .................................................. .... 154

Salin ................................................. .................................................. .. 154

Menempelkan Data ................................................ .......................................... 155

Menghapus Data dari Sel .............................................. ............................ 155

Memasukkan Sel ................................................ ........................................ 155

Menghapus Sel ................................................ ......................................... 156

Temukan ................................................. .................................................. ... 157

Temukan Selanjutnya ................................................ ............................................... 160

Ganti ................................................. ................................................ 160

Lihat Perintah Menu ............................................... .................................... 161

Lacak Kursor ................................................ .......................................... 161

Perintah Format Menu ............................................... ................................ 165

Memformat Sel ................................................ .......................................... 165

Lebar kolom ................................................ ........................................ 169

Tinggi Baris ................................................ ............................................ 171

Perintah Menu Data ............................................... .................................... 173

Menyortir Data ................................................ .......................................... 173

Mengubah Data ................................................ .................................. 175

Filter Spasial .................................................... .......................................... 180

Menghitung Statistik ................................................ ............................... 184

Referensi Statistik .................................................... ............................... 193

Teks Ke Nomor ................................................... ...................................... 194

Transposing Data ................................................ .................................... 196

Menetapkan Kolom XYZ ............................................... ............................ 197

Tetapkan Sistem Koordinasi ............................................... ....................... 198

Koordinat Proyeksi Baru ............................................... ........................ 198

Menyimpan File Data ............................................... ........................................... 200

Jenis File ................................................ .............................................. 200

Gunakan Perhatian saat Menyimpan File Excel! .................................................. ...... 200

Pengaturan Halaman - Lembar Kerja .............................................. ....................................

200

Pengaturan Halaman (Lembar Kerja) - Halaman ........................................... ..................... 200

Pengaturan Halaman (Lembar Kerja) - Margin ........................................... ................. 202

Pengaturan Halaman (Lembar Kerja) - Opsi ........................................... ................. 203

Cetak - Lembar Kerja ............................................... ........................................... 205

Printer ................................................. ................................................. 205

Rentang Cetak ................................................ ............................................ 206

Jumlah salinan ............................................... .................................... 206

Susun ................................................. ................................................. 206

OK atau Batal ................................................... ........................................... 206

Spesifikasi Lembar Kerja ................................................ ............................... 206

Contoh 1 ................................................ ............................................. 207

Bab 4 - Membuat File Kotak

Pengantar File Grid .................................................. ................................. 209

Membuat File Kotak .................................................. ......................................... 210

Untuk Membuat File Kotak dari File Data XYZ ........................................ ........ 210

Dialog Data Grid ............................................... ............................................ 211

Kolom Data .................................................... ........................................ 212

Filter Data ................................................ ............................................. 213

Lihat Data ................................................ .............................................. 213

Statistik ................................................. .............................................. 213

Laporan Kisi ................................................ ............................................ 213

Metode Gridding dan Opsi Tingkat Lanjut ............................................. ........ 213

Validasi Silang ................................................ ........................................ 214

Output Grid File ................................................... ....................................... 214

Garis Geometri Grid ............................................... .................................. 214

Cembung Lambung Data .............................................. .................................. 216

Z Transform ................................................ ........................................... 216

Contoh Garis Geometri Kotak .............................................. ...................... 218

Contoh Convex Hull ............................................... ................................ 219

Filter Data .................................................... .................................................. 220

Dialog Filter ............................................... .......................................... 220

Validasi Silang ................................................ .............................................. 223

Proses Validasi Silang .............................................. ...................... 224

Menggunakan Cross Validation ............................................... .............................. 224

Dialog Validasi Lintas .............................................. ........................ 225

Referensi Lintas Validasi ............................................... ....................... 227

Opsi Gridding Umum ............................................... ................................ 227

Cari ................................................. ................................................. 227

ix

Nilai Blanking ................................................ .......................................... 231

Anisotropi ................................................. ............................................ 232

Terobosan dan Kesalahan ............................................... ............................... 236

Menggunakan Breaklines dan Faults saat Gridding ............................................ ..... 237
Breaklines ................................................. ............................................ 237

Kesalahan ..................................................... .................................................. 239

Tentukan Opsi Gridding Lanjutan .............................................. ............. 240

Pengantar Metode Gridding .............................................. ...................... 241

Rekomendasi Gridding Umum ............................................... ........... 242

Memilih Metode Berdasarkan Jumlah Poin Data XYZ ......................... 243

Perbandingan Metode Gridding ............................................... ..................... 244

Interpolator yang Tepat dan Halus .................................................. .............. 248

Rata-rata tertimbang ................................................ ................................ 249

Metode Gridding ................................................ .......................................... 250

Jarak Terbalik ke Kekuatan ............................................. ........................ 250

Kriging ................................................. ................................................. 253

Lengkungan Minimum ................................................ ................................ 259

Metode Shepard yang Dimodifikasi ............................................... ................... 264

Natural Neighbor ................................................ .................................... 265

Tetangga terdekat ................................................ .................................... 267

Regresi Polinomial ................................................ ............................. 269

Fungsi Dasar Radial ............................................... ................................ 270

Triangulasi dengan Interpolasi Linier .............................................. ......... 273

Moving Average ................................................ ...................................... 275

Metrik Data ................................................ .......................................... 276

Polinomial Lokal ................................................ ..................................... 285

Memproduksi File Grid dari Array Data XYZ Biasa .......................................... 288

Laporan ................................................. .................................................. .... 289

Jenis Laporan ................................................ .......................................... 290

Informasi yang Terkandung di Setiap Bagian Laporan ............................................ 291

Fungsi Kisi ................................................ ............................................... 302 x

Dialog Fungsi Grid ............................................... ................................. 302

Bab 5 - Pengantar Variograms

Gambaran Umum Variogram ................................................ .......................................... 305

Variogram ................................................ ............................................. 306

Kriging dan Variograms ............................................... ...................................... 306

Kotak Variogram ............................................... ........................................ 307

Model Variogram ................................................ .......................................... 310

Efek Nugget ................................................ ......................................... 310

Skala ................................................. .................................................. 310

Sill ................................................. .................................................. ..... 310

Panjangnya ................................................. ................................................. 311

Varians ................................................. ............................................... 311

Pasangan ................................................. .................................................. .. 311

Kurva Model ................................................ ........................................... 311

Kurva Eksperimental ................................................ ................................. 311

Membuat Variogram ............................................... ..................................... 312

Halaman Data Dialog Variogram Baru ............................................. ................. 312

Dialog Variogram Baru - Halaman Umum ............................................ ............ 314

Properti Variogram ................................................ ..................................... 316

Halaman Eksperimental .................................................... .................................. 316

Halaman Model ................................................ ............................................ 321

Anisotropi ................................................. ............................................ 323

AutoFit ................................................. ................................................. 323

Halaman Statistik ................................................ ........................................ 327

Plot Page .................................................... ............................................... 328

Komponen Model Variogram ............................................... ......................... 330

Variogram Linear Default ............................................... .......................... 334

Efek Nugget ................................................ ......................................... 335

Ekspor Variogram ................................................ .......................................... 336

Menggunakan Hasil Variogram di Kriging ....................................... 336 xi

Menghaluskan Variogram dengan Lebar Lag ............................................ ................ 337

Tutorial Variogram ................................................ ........................................ 338

Pendahuluan Variogram ................................................ ............................ 338

Apa yang Diwakili oleh Variogram? .................................................. ......... 339

Apa itu Variogram? .................................................. ............................ 341

Kotak Variogram ............................................... ...................................... 343

Memodelkan Variogram Omni-Directional ............................................ ....... 345

Memodelkan Variogram Anisotropi .................................................. ............. 349

Aturan Pemodelan Variogram dari Thumb ............................................. ............. 352

Variogram Pertanyaan yang Sering Diajukan .............................................. ........ 353

Bacaan yang Disarankan - Variograms .................................................. ...................... 359

Referensi Geostatistik ................................................ ............................... 360

Bab 6 - Peta Dasar

Pengantar Layers Map Base ............................................. ........................ 363

Membuat Peta Dasar .................................................. ....................................... 364

Menambahkan Lapisan Peta Dasar ke Peta Lainnya .................................................. 364

Koordinat ................................................. .......................................... 364

Batas dan Skala ............................................... .......................................... 364

Peta Dasar Kosong ............................................... ............................................ 365

Membuat Peta Dasar Kosong Baru ............................................ ................... 365

Dialog Batas Peta Dasar ............................................. ......................... 365

Peta Dasar dari Server .................................................. ..................................... 366

Membuat Peta Dasar Baru dari Server ........................................... ............ 366

Mengedit Peta Dasar yang Ada ............................................. ............................. 366

Properti Peta Dasar ................................................... ................................. 366

Properti Peta ................................................ ....................................... 367

Mengubah Properti di Peta Dasar ............................................ ...................... 367

Ubah Semua Objek ............................................... ................................... 367

Ubah Satu Objek ................................................... ...................................... 368

Mengubah Banyak Objek ............................................... ......................... 368

Halaman Umum - Peta Dasar ............................................. .................................. 369

Masukkan File ................................................ ............................................... 369

Properti ................................................. ............................................. 370

Koordinat Gambar .................................................... ...................................... 370

Halaman Label - Peta Dasar ............................................. .................................... 372

Contoh ................................................. ............................................... 373

Contoh - Label Template .............................................. ........................ 374

Layer Page - Peta Dasar ............................................. ..................................... 375

Sistem Koordinasi - Peta Dasar ............................................. .......................... 376

Halaman Info - Peta Dasar ............................................. ....................................... 376

Menetapkan Koordinat ke Peta Basis Gambar ........................................... ......... 377

Catatan ................................................. ............................................... 378

Informasi Sistem Koordinasi ............................................... ................. 378

Membuat File Blanking dengan Perintah Digitize .......................................... 379

Masking dengan Background ............................................... ................................ 380

Unduh Dialog Peta Online .............................................. ........................... 381

Sumber data ................................................ ........................................... 382

Informasi Server ................................................ ................................. 382

Informasi Lapisan ................................................ ................................... 382

Bagian Favorit ................................................ .................................... 383

Menambahkan Sumber Data Baru .............................................. .......................... 383

Mengedit Sumber Data Kustom .............................................. ...................... 383

Menghapus Sumber Data Kustom .............................................. .................... 384

Pilih Area untuk Diunduh .................................................. ............................ 384

Pilih Resolusi Gambar untuk Diunduh ............................................. ........... 386

Pratinjau Gambar ................................................ ....................................... 386

Catatan ................................................. .................................................. .... 387

OK, Batalkan dan Tolong ............................................. ...................................... 387

Server Responsif ................................................ ............................ 387

Konvensi Penamaan Peta Dasar .............................................. ..................... 388

Tambahkan Dialog Sumber Data .............................................. ................................... 388 xiii

Nama ................................................. .................................................. 389

Tipe ................................................. .................................................. .. 389

URL ................................................. .................................................. ... 389

Lanjut ................................................. .................................................. .. 389

Kembali ................................................. .................................................. .. 389

Batalkan atau Selesai ................................................... ....................................... 389

Tolong................................................. .................................................. ... 390

Edit Dialog Sumber Data .............................................. ................................... 390

Nama ................................................. .................................................. 390

Tipe ................................................. .................................................. .. 391

URL ................................................. .................................................. ... 391

Lanjut ................................................. .................................................. .. 391

Kembali ................................................. .................................................. .. 391

Batalkan atau Selesai ................................................... ....................................... 391

Tolong................................................. .................................................. ... 391

Lihat Dialog Sumber Data .............................................. ...................................... 392

Mengedit URL ................................................... ....................................... 392

Lanjut ................................................. .................................................. .. 393

Kembali ................................................. .................................................. .. 393

Batalkan atau Selesai ................................................... ....................................... 393

Tolong................................................. .................................................. ... 393

Dialog Informasi Server ............................................... ............................... 394

Tolong................................................. .................................................. ... 395

Dialog Informasi Lapisan ............................................... ................................ 395

BAIK ................................................. .................................................. ..... 395

Tolong................................................. .................................................. ... 396

Bab 7 - Peta Kontur

Pengantar Lapisan Peta Kontur ............................................. .................... 397

Membuat Peta Kontur .............................................. ................................... 397

Menambahkan Lapisan Peta Kontur ke Peta Lainnya .......................................... ............ 398

Mengedit Peta Kontur yang Ada ............................................. ......................... 398

Properti Peta Kontur ............................................... ............................ 398

Peta Properti Dialog ............................................... ............................... 398

Halaman Umum - Peta Kontur ............................................. .............................. 399

Input File Grid ................................................... ......................................... 399

Menghaluskan ................................................. ............................................ 400

Fault Line .................................................... .............................................. 400

Daerah Terapung ................................................ ..................................... 401

Levels Page - Peta Kontur ............................................. ................................ 401

Tampilkan Pilihan Sederhana atau Logaritmik ............................................. .......... 401

Beralih Antara Metode Level .................................................. ............... 401

Rentang Data ................................................ ............................................ 401

Umum ................................................. ................................................ 402

Metode Level ................................................ ......................................... 402

Kontur Minimum .................................................... ................................... 402

Kontur Maksimum ................................................ ...................................... 403

Interval Kontur ................................................ ..................................... 403

Tingkat Bawaan .................................................... ........................................ 403

Kontur Utama Setiap ............................................... ................................ 403

Level Minor Per Dekade .............................................. ............................ 404

Level Kontur ................................................ ....................................... 404

Kontur yang Diisi ................................................ ....................................... 405

Isi Kontur ................................................ ........................................... 405

Isi Warna ................................................ .............................................. 405

Skala Warna ................................................ ............................................ 405

Kontur Utama .................................................... ....................................... 405

Properti Lini ................................................ ....................................... 405

Tampilkan Label ................................................ ........................................... 405

Kontur Kecil ................................................ ....................................... 406

Properti Lini ................................................ ....................................... 406

Tampilkan Label ................................................ ........................................... 406

xv

Label ................................................. .................................................. 406

Properti Font ................................................ ....................................... 406
Format Label ................................................ .............................................. 406
Label Orientasi ................................................ .................................... 406
Memformat Peta Kontur untuk Menampilkan Label Tanggal / Waktu ........................... 407
Layer Page - Peta Kontur ............................................. ................................ 407
Halaman Sistem Koordinasi - Peta Kontur ............................................ ............... 408
Halaman Info - Peta Kontur ............................................. ...................................... 409
Tingkat Mahir - Peta Kontur ............................................. ......................... 409
Tampilkan Opsi Tingkat Lanjut ................................................... ......................... 409
Beralih Antara Metode Level .................................................. ............... 409
Kontur yang Diisi ................................................ ....................................... 410
Isi Kontur ................................................ ........................................... 410
Skala Warna ................................................ ............................................ 410
Level untuk Dialog Peta .............................................. ................................ 411
Level Kontur ................................................ ............................................. 412
Menambah atau Menghapus Tingkat Kontur Tunggal ........................................... ....... 412
Mengedit Tingkat Kontur Tunggal ............................................. ..................... 413
Mengubah Beberapa Level Kontur .............................................. ................ 413
Untuk Membuat Level Kontur pada Interval Reguler ........................................... .. 414
Z Level Dialog ............................................... ......................................... 415
Nilai baru ................................................ ............................................. 416
Garis Kontur ................................................ ............................................... 416
Menetapkan Properti Garis ke Tingkat Kontur Tertentu ..................................... 416
Menetapkan Properti Garis yang Sama ke semua Level Kontur .............................. 417
Mengatur Properti Garis pada Dasar Frekuensi ........................................... ... 418
Menetapkan Properti Garis Gradasi .............................................. .......... 418
Membuat Kontur Indeks (Utama) ............................................ ................... 419
Dialog Baris .................................................... ............................................ 422
Peta Kontur Berwarna Berwarna .............................................. ................................. 425
Isi Properti - Kontur .............................................. ............................ 425 xvi

Menampilkan Kontur yang Terisi ............................................... ......................... 425

Menetapkan Isi Warna Berdasarkan Colormap ........................................... ......... 425

Menetapkan Isi Warna ke Tingkat Kontur Tertentu ........................................... .. 427

Membuat Peta Kontur Berisi yang Mengandung Area Blanked ............................... 427

Menampilkan Peta Kontur yang Diisi tanpa Garis Kontur ................................. 428

Menyetel Properti Isi pada Dasar Frekuensi ........................................... ..... 429

Isi Dialog ................................................ .............................................. 430

Label Kontur ................................................ ............................................. 432

Menampilkan Label pada Peta Kontur ............................................ .............. 432

Mengatur Properti Label berdasarkan Frekuensi ........................................... .. 433

Menghapus Semua Label ............................................... ................................. 434

Edit Label Kontur ............................................... ......................................... 435

Label Dialog ................................................ ......................................... 436

Contour Hachures ................................................ ......................................... 438

Menampilkan Hachures ................................................ ................................ 438

Menyetel Hachure pada Dasar Frekuensi ............................................ .......... 439

Dialog Hachures ................................................ ..................................... 440

Kontur Gambar ................................................ ......................................... 442

Kontur Penghalus ................................................ .......................................... 443

Masking Bagian dari Peta Kontur dengan Peta Dasar ........................................ .. 443

Ekspor Kontur ................................................ ....................................... 445

DXF AutoCAD ................................................ ......................................... 445

2D SHP ................................................ ................................................. 445

3D SHP ................................................ ................................................. 445

Format Teks ................................................ ........................................... 445

Untuk mengekspor garis kontur 3D ............................................. .......................... 446

Level File - Peta Kontur ............................................. ................................ 446

Membuat File Level ................................................... ...................................... 446

Menggunakan File Level ................................................... .......................................... 447

Membuat File Level di Lembar Kerja ............................................ ............. 447

Membuat File Level dari Lembar Kerja ............................................ ......... 447

xvii

Color Scale Bar - Peta Kontur ............................................ ............................ 448

Visibilitas Bar Skala Warna .............................................. ............................ 448

Menambahkan Bilah Skala Warna ............................................. ............................. 448
Menghapus Bilah Skala Warna ............................................. ........................ 448

Mengedit Bilah Skala Warna ............................................. ............................. 449

Bab 8 - Posting Peta Posting Peta ...................................................................... ... 451

File Data ................................................ .............................................. 451

Membuat Peta Posting .................................................. ........................................ 452

Menambahkan Lapisan Peta Posting ke Peta Lainnya .......................................... .................
452 Mengedit Peta Posting yang Ada ............................................. .............................. 452
Pasang Peta Properti ................................................... ................................. 452
Properti Peta ................................................ ....................................... 452

File Data Digunakan untuk Posting ............................................. ................................ 453

XY Berkoordinasi dalam File Data ............................................ ..................... 453

Z Nilai dalam File Data ............................................ .............................. 453

Label Data dalam File Data ............................................ .......................... 454

Spesifikasi Simbol dalam File Data ............................................ ............ 454

Indeks Simbol .................................................... ......................................... 454

Nilai Angle Symbol dari File Data ........................................... .......... 455

Simbol Warna dari File Data ............................................ ................... 455

Memperbarui Peta Posting dan File Data Peta Pos Berkelas ......................................... .. 455
Untuk secara otomatis memperbarui posting atau peta posting yang
dikelompokkan: ................................... 455

Untuk secara manual memperbarui posting atau peta posting yang

dikelompokkan: ........................................ 456

Halaman Umum - Peta Posting ............................................. ................................... 456

File Data ................................................ ................................................ 456

Kolom Lembar Kerja ................................................ ................................ 457

Kolom Koordinat X dan Y ............................................. ....................... 457

Baris Lembar Kerja ................................................ ..................................... 457

Baris pertama ................................................ ............................................... 457

Baris terakhir ................................................ ............................................... 457

Frekuensi ................................................. ............................................ 458

Jalur Koneksi ................................................ .......................................... 458

Hubungkan Poin ................................................ ....................................... 458

Properti Lini ................................................ ....................................... 458

Halaman Simbol - Peta Posting ............................................. ................................... 459

Bagian Simbol .................................................... .......................................... 459

Kolom Simbol ................................................ .......................................... 459

Properti Penanda ................................................ ................................... 459

Bagian Simbol Angle ............................................... ............................... 459

Kolom sudut ................................................ ......................................... 460

Sudut Default (derajat) ............................................. .............................. 460

Bagian Ukuran Simbol ................................................... ................................. 460

Ukuran tetap ................................................ .............................................. 460

Proporsional ..................................................... .......................................... 460

Bagian Warna Simbol ............................................... ............................... 461

Kolom Warna ................................................ ......................................... 461

Metode Warna ................................................ ......................................... 461

Warna Simbol .................................................... ........................................ 461

Penskalaan Proporsional ................................................ ................................ 462

Halaman Label - Peta Posting ............................................. .................................... 464

Set Label ................................................ ............................................. 464

Set Label ................................................ ............................................... 464

Tambahkan Label Set ............................................... .......................................... 464

Hapus Label Set ............................................... .................................... 465

Label Set # ............................................... ............................................. 465

Kolom Lembar Kerja ................................................ ...................................... 465

Posisi Relatif terhadap Simbol .............................................. ........................ 465

X Offset dan Y Offset ............................................. ...................................... 466

Angle (derajat) .................................................. ........................................ 466

Font ................................................. .................................................. ... 466

xix
Format ................................................. ................................................. 466

Memformat Peta Posting untuk Menampilkan Label Tanggal / Waktu................... 467

Umum ................................................. ................................................ 467

Label Plane ................................................ ............................................ 467

Gunakan Warna Isi Simbol .............................................. ................................. 467

Garis Pemimpin ................................................ .......................................... 467

Aktifkan untuk Label yang Terseret .............................................. .......................... 468

Panjang 3D ................................................ ............................................. 469

Properti Line Pemimpin ............................................... .............................. 469

Layer Page - Posting Peta ............................................. ...................................... 470

Opacity ................................................. ................................................ 470

Halaman Sistem Koordinasi - Peta Posting ............................................ .................... 470

Sistem koordinasi ................................................ .................................. 471

Halaman Info - Peta Posting ............................................. ........................................ 471

Membuat Peta Posting dengan Banyak Label ........................................... ............... 471

Edit Label Posting ............................................... ............................................. 471

Masuk ke Mode Edit Label Posting ............................................. ......................... 472

Pindahkan Label Posting Individual .............................................. ........................ 472

Keluar dari Mode Edit Label Posting ............................................. ........................... 472

Bergerak di Sekitar Jendela Plot dalam Mode Edit .......................................... ....... 472

Lokasi Label Kustom dan Sistem Koordinasi yang Diubah ............................... 472

Atur Ulang Label ke Default .............................................. .............................. 472

Bab 9 - Peta Posting yang Diklasifikasikan

Peta Tulisan Berkelas ............................................... ........................................... 475

File Data ................................................ .............................................. 475

Membuat Peta Posting Berkelas Baru ............................................ ........................ 475
Menambahkan Lapisan Peta Posting yang Diklasifikasikan ke Peta Lainnya...................... 476
Mengedit Peta Posting Berkelas yang Ada ............................................ ................... 476
Memuat dan Menyimpan Classed Post Map Class .CLS Files .................................. 476
Properti Peta Tulisan Berkelas .............................................. ....................... 476
Properti Peta ................................................ ....................................... 476
File Data Digunakan untuk Posting ............................................. ................................ 477
XY Berkoordinasi dalam File Data ............................................ ..................... 477
Z Nilai dalam File Data ............................................ .............................. 477
Label Data dalam File Data ............................................ .......................... 478
Spesifikasi Simbol dalam File Data ............................................ ............ 478
Indeks Simbol .................................................... ......................................... 478
Nilai Angle Symbol dari File Data ........................................... .......... 479
Simbol Warna dari File Data ............................................ ................... 479
Memperbarui Peta Posting dan File Data Peta Pos Berkelas ......................................... .. 479
Untuk secara otomatis memperbarui kiriman atau peta kiriman yang digolongkan:........ 479
Untuk secara manual memperbarui posting atau peta posting yang dikelompokkan:..... 480
Halaman Umum - Peta Posting Berkelas ............................................ ......................... 480
Nama File Data ................................................ ........................................ 480
File Data ................................................ ................................................ 480
Kolom Lembar Kerja ................................................ ................................ 481
Koordinat X dan Y .................................................. .................................. 481
Z Koordinat .................................................... ......................................... 481
Baris Lembar Kerja ................................................ ..................................... 482
Baris pertama ................................................ ............................................... 482
Baris terakhir ................................................ ............................................... 482
Frekuensi ................................................. ............................................ 482
Bagian Umum ................................................ .......................................... 482
Simbol Angle .................................................... ......................................... 483
Legenda ................................................. ................................................. 483
Bagian Jalur Koneksi ............................................... ............................ 483
Hubungkan Poin ................................................ ....................................... 483
Properti Lini ................................................ ....................................... 483
Halaman Label - Peta Posting yang Diklasifikasikan ................................................... 484
Set Label ................................................ ............................................. 484
Set Label ................................................ ............................................... 484
xxi
Tambahkan Label Set ............................................... .......................................... 484
Hapus Label Set ............................................... .................................... 485
Label Set # ............................................... ............................................. 485
Kolom Lembar Kerja ................................................ .................................. 485
Posisi Relatif terhadap Simbol .............................................. ........................ 485
X Offset dan Y Offset ............................................. .................................. 486
Angle (derajat) .................................................. ........................................ 486
Font ................................................. .................................................. ... 486
Format ................................................. ................................................. 486
Memformat Peta Posting yang Diklasifikasikan untuk Menampilkan Label Tanggal /
Waktu ........................... 487
Umum ................................................. ................................................ 487
Label Plane ................................................ ............................................ 487
Gunakan Warna Isi Simbol .............................................. ................................. 487
Garis Pemimpin ................................................ .......................................... 487
Aktifkan untuk Label yang Terseret .............................................. .......................... 488
Panjang 3D ................................................ ............................................. 489
Properti Line Pemimpin ............................................... .............................. 490
Halaman Kelas - Peta Posting Berkelas ............................................ ........................ 490
Metode Binning ................................................ .......................................... 491
Jumlah Kelas ............................................... ................................... 491
Masukkan Kelas ................................................ ........................................... 491
Hapus Kelas ................................................ ........................................... 492
Mengubah Batas Bin untuk Setiap Kelas .......................................... .......... 492
Informasi Statistik tentang Poin di Setiap Kelas ................................... 492
Mengubah Simbol Kelas Individual ............................................. ............ 492
Mengubah Ukuran Kelas Individual ............................................. ................ 493
Mengubah Semua Simbol Kelas pada Saat yang Sama .......................................... .. 493
Mengubah Semua Ukuran Simbol Kelas pada Saat yang Sama .......................................... 493
Memuat Class Post Post Class. File CLS ......................................... ........ 493
Menyimpan Classed Post Map Class .CLS File ......................................... ......... 493
OK atau Batal ................................................... ........................................... 493
Dialog Properti Simbol Kelas .............................................. ......................... 494
Metode ................................................. ................................................. 494
Set Simbol .................................................... ............................................ 494
Simbol ................................................. ................................................ 494
Isi Warna dan Opacity .............................................. ................................ 495
Warna Garis dan Opacity .............................................. ............................... 495
Apa yang Berlaku ................................................... ......................................... 495
Mengatur Simbol yang Sama untuk Semua Kelas ........................................... ......... 496
Mengatur Garis Simbol yang Sama atau Mengisi Properti untuk Semua Kelas ............ 496
Mengatur Garis Simbol Gradasi atau Mengisi Properti untuk Semua Kelas .................... 496
OK atau Batal ................................................... ........................................... 497
Kegigihan Dialog ................................................ ................................... 497
Dialog Properti Ukuran Simbol Kelas ............................................. ................... 497
Ukuran Minimum ................................................ ........................................ 497
Ukuran maksimum ................................................ ........................................ 497
Ukuran Simbol yang Sama untuk Semua Kelas ............................................ .................. 498
Menambah Ukuran Simbol untuk Semua Kelas ............................................ ....... 498
OK atau Batal ................................................... ........................................... 498
Layer Page - Peta Posting Berkelas ............................................ ........................... 498
Opacity ................................................. ................................................ 498
Halaman Sistem Koordinat - Peta Posting yang
Diklasifikasikan ........................................... .......... 499
Sistem koordinasi ................................................ ...................................... 499
Halaman Info - Peta Posting Berkelas ............................................ ............................. 499
Edit Label Peta Posting Kelas ............................................. ................................ 500
Masuk ke Mode Edit Label Posting ............................................. ......................... 500
Pindahkan Label Posting Individual .............................................. ........................ 500
Keluar dari Mode Edit Label Posting ............................................. ........................... 500
Bergerak di Sekitar Jendela Plot dalam Mode Edit .......................................... ....... 500
Lokasi Label Kustom dan Sistem Koordinasi yang Diubah ............................... 500
Atur Ulang Label ke Default .............................................. .............................. 501
Kelas Posting Peta Properti Legenda ............................................. ....................... 501
xxiii
Edit Properti Legenda ................................................... .............................. 501
Bingkai ................................................. .................................................. 501
Tipe ................................................. .................................................. .. 501
Margin ................................................. ................................................. 502
Baris ................................................. .................................................. ... 502
Isi ................................................. .................................................. ..... 502
Judul ................................................. .................................................. ... 502
Judul Teks ................................................ ............................................... 503
Font Judul ................................................ ............................................... 503
Kelas................................................. .................................................. .. 503
Templat ................................................. .............................................. 503
Urutan terbalik ................................................ ........................................ 504
Font Kelas ................................................ .............................................. 504
Format Kelas ................................................ .............................................. 504
Metode Ukuran Simbol ............................................... ................................. 504
Membuat Peta Posting dengan Banyak Label ........................................... ......... 505
Bab 10 - Peta Gambar
Peta Gambar ................................................ .................................................. 507
Membuat Peta Gambar Baru ............................................. ............................... 507
Menambahkan Lapisan Peta Gambar ke Peta Lainnya .......................................... .............
508
Mengedit Peta Gambar yang Ada ............................................. ........................... 508
Properti Peta Gambar ................................................... .............................. 508
Properti Peta ................................................ ....................................... 508
Halaman Umum - Peta Gambar ............................................. ................................ 508
Input File Grid ................................................... ......................................... 508
Warna ................................................. .................................................. 509
Interpolasi Pixel ................................................ .................................... 510
Tampilkan Skala Warna ............................................... ..................................... 510
Data Tidak Ada ................................................ .......................................... 511
Warna Data Tidak Ada ............................................... ................................... 511

Opacity Data Hilang ............................................... ................................ 511

Layer Page - Peta Gambar ............................................. ................................... 511

Opacity ................................................. ................................................ 511

Halaman Sistem Koordinasi - Peta Gambar ............................................ ................. 512

Sistem koordinasi ................................................ ...................................... 512

Halaman Info - Peta Gambar ............................................. ..................................... 512

Color Scale Bar - Peta Gambar ............................................ ............................. 513

Visibilitas Bar Skala Warna .............................................. ............................ 513

Menambahkan Bilah Skala Warna ............................................. ............................. 513
Menghapus Bilah Skala Warna ............................................. ........................ 513
Menggunakan Skala Logaritmik pada Bilah Skala Warna ......................................... .. 513
Mengedit Bilah Skala Warna ............................................. ............................. 514

Bab 11 - Peta Bantuan yang Dinaungi Peta Relief Berbayang............................................ 517

Membuat Peta Bantuan Berarsir ............................................. ............................ 518
Menambahkan Lapisan Peta Relief Berarsing ke Peta Lainnya .............................. ..... 518

Mengedit Peta Relief Berarsir yang Ada ............................................ .................. 518

Properti Peta Relief Berbayang .............................................. ..................... 518

Peta Properti Dialog ............................................... ............................... 518

Halaman Umum - Peta Bantuan yang Dinaungi ............................................ .......... 519

Input File Grid ................................................... ......................................... 519

Parameter Relief ................................................ ................................... 520

Warna ................................................. .................................................. 520

Metode Gradien ................................................ ..................................... 520

Metode Shading ................................................ .................................... 521

Z Scale Factor ............................................... ......................................... 522

Sudut Posisi Cahaya ............................................... ................................ 522

Data Tidak Ada ................................................ .......................................... 522

Warna Data Tidak Ada ............................................... ................................... 522

Opacity Data Hilang ............................................... ................................ 523 xxv

Referensi ................................................. ............................................ 523

Layer Page - Peta Relief Berbayang ............................................ .......................... 523
Opacity ................................................. ................................................ 523
Halaman Sistem Koordinasi - Peta Relief Berbayang ........................................... ........ 524
Sistem koordinasi ................................................ ...................................... 524
Halaman Info - Peta Relief Berbayang ............................................ ............................ 524
Bab 12 - Peta Vektor
Pengantar Peta Vektor .................................................. ............................. 525
Peta Vektor 1-Grid ............................................. ............................................ 525
Peta Vektor 2-Grid ............................................. ............................................ 526
Membuat Peta Vektor .................................................. ..................................... 526
Menambahkan Lapisan Peta Vektor ke Peta Lainnya .......................................... .............. 527
Mengedit Peta Vektor .............................................. ....................................... 527
Properti Peta Vektor ................................................... .............................. 527
Properti Peta ................................................ ....................................... 527
Halaman Data - Peta Vektor 1-Grid .......................................... ............................. 527
Input File Grid ................................................... ......................................... 527
Halaman Data - Peta Vektor 2-Grid .......................................... ............................. 529
Masukkan File Kotak ................................................... ........................................ 529
Sistem koordinasi ................................................ ...................................... 530
Angle ................................................. .................................................. 532
Unit Angle .................................................... ............................................ 532
Halaman Simbol - Peta Vektor ............................................. ................................ 533
Gaya ................................................. .................................................. .. 533
Frekuensi ................................................. ............................................ 533
Properti Lini ................................................ ....................................... 533
Isi Properti ................................................ ......................................... 534
Penskalaan Warna ................................................ .......................................... 534
Metode Penskalaan ................................................ ....................................... 534
Warna Vektor ................................................ ......................................... 534

File Grid ................................................ ................................................ 535

Scaling Page - Peta Vektor ............................................. ................................. 536

Asal Simbol .................................................... ........................................ 536

Metode Penskalaan ................................................ ....................................... 536

Membalik Orientasi Vektor ............................................... ........................ 537

Tampilkan Skala Legenda ............................................... .................................. 537

Vektor Magnitude (data) ............................................. ............................. 537

Panjang Poros ................................................ .......................................... 537

Panjang Kepala ................................................ .......................................... 537

Lebar Simbol ................................................ ........................................ 538

Layer Page - Peta Vektor ............................................. ................................... 538

Opacity ................................................. ................................................ 538

Halaman Sistem Koordinasi - Peta Vektor ............................................ ................. 539

Sistem koordinasi ................................................ .................................. 539

Halaman Info - Peta Vektor ............................................. ..................................... 539

Memotong Simbol pada Peta Vektor ............................................. ....................... 540
Legenda Panjang Vektor ................................................... ..................................... 540
Membuat Legenda Panjang Vektor ............................................. .................. 540

Mengedit Legenda Panjang Vektor ............................................. ................. 541

Bilah Skala Warna - Peta Vektor ............................................ ............................. 543

Visibilitas Bar Skala Warna .............................................. ............................ 543

Menambahkan Bilah Skala Warna ............................................. ............................. 543
Menghapus Bilah Skala Warna ............................................. ........................ 544
Menggunakan Skala Logaritmik pada Bilah Skala Warna ......................................... .. 544
Mengedit Bilah Skala Warna ............................................. ............................. 544

Bab 13 - Peta Daerah Aliran Sungai DAS ................................................................ 547

Membuat Daerah Aliran Air ............................................... ..................................... 548
Menambahkan Lapisan Peta Daerah Aliran Sungai ke Peta Lainnya ................................ 548
Mengedit Peta DAS yang Ada ................................................. ..................... 548

Properti Daerah Aliran Sungai ................................................ .............................. 548

Properti Peta ................................................ ....................................... 548
Halaman Umum - DAS .............................................. ................................ 549
Input File Grid ................................................... ......................................... 549
Depresi ..................................................... .............................................. 550
Isi Depresi ................................................ .......................................... 550
Grid Terisi ................................................ .............................................. 551
Opsi Aliran ................................................ .......................................... 551
Tampilkan Streaming ................................................ ........................................ 551
Ambang batas (sel) .............................................. ....................................... 551
Properti Lini ................................................ ....................................... 551
Pilihan Cekungan ................................................ ......................................... 551
Warna Cekungan ................................................ ........................................... 552
Contoh ................................................. ............................................... 552
Properti Lini ................................................ ....................................... 553
Sumber Pour Point ............................................... .................................... 553
File Pour Point ............................................... ......................................... 553
Snap Pour Points ............................................... ..................................... 554
Layer Page - Peta DAS ............................................. ............................. 554
Opacity ................................................. ................................................ 554
Halaman Sistem Koordinasi - Peta DAS ............................................ ........... 555
Sistem koordinasi ................................................ ...................................... 555
Halaman Info - Peta Daerah Aliran Sungai ............................................. ............ 555
Referensi DAS ................................................ ................................... 555
Bab 14 - Peta Wireframe 3D
Pengantar Layers 3D Wireframe Map ............................................ ............. 557
Membuat Peta Wireframe 3D ............................................. ............................ 558
Menambahkan Lapisan Peta Wireframe 3D ke Peta Lainnya ................................... ..... 558
Mengedit Peta Bingkai Foto 3D ............................................. .............................. 558
Properti Wireframe ................................................ ............................... 558
xxviii
Properti Peta ................................................ ....................................... 558
Halaman Umum - Peta Wireframe 3D ............................................ ...................... 559
Input File Grid ................................................... ......................................... 559
Tampilkan Permukaan Atas ............................................... ................................. 560
Tampilkan Permukaan Bawah ............................................... ................................. 560
Hapus Garis Tersembunyi ............................................... ............................... 560
Perbatasan ................................................. ................................................. 561
Plot Garis Konstan .............................................. ................................ 561
X Lines .................................................... .................................................. 561
Properti Lini ................................................ ....................................... 561
Y Lines .................................................... .................................................. 561
Properti Lini ................................................ ....................................... 561
Z Lines .................................................... .................................................. 561
Properti Lini ................................................ ....................................... 561
Basis ................................................. .................................................. .. 562
Z Levels Page - Peta Wireframe 3D ........................................... ...................... 562
Tingkat................................................. .................................................. .. 562
Nilai Level Untuk Satu Level ............................................. ........................... 563
Baris ................................................. .................................................. ... 563
Properti Level Line Untuk Satu Tingkat ............................................ ................. 563
Menambahkan ................................................. .................................................. ... 563
Menghapus ................................................. .................................................. 563
Memuat ................................................. .................................................. .. 563
Simpan ................................................. .................................................. .. 564
Mengedit Zona Level Z .............................................. ............................... 564
Halaman Zona Warna - Peta 3D Gambar Kabel ........................................... ................. 564
Tingkat................................................. .................................................. .. 564
Nilai Level Untuk Satu Level ............................................. ........................... 564
Baris ................................................. .................................................. ... 565
Properti Level Line Untuk Satu Tingkat ............................................ ................. 565
Menambahkan ................................................. .................................................. ... 565
xxix

Menghapus ................................................. .................................................. 565

Memuat ................................................. .................................................. .. 565

Simpan ................................................. .................................................. .. 565

Terapkan Zona ke Garis Konstan X, Y, dan Z ...................................... ........ 566

Bar Skala Warna ............................................... ........................................ 566

Mengedit Zona Warna ............................................... .................................. 566

Layer Page - 3D Wireframe Map ............................................ ......................... 567

Halaman Info - Peta Wireframe 3D ............................................ ........................... 567

Dialog Spektrum Garis ............................................... ..................................... 568

Properti Garis Minimum dan Maksimum ............................................. ........ 568

Bilah Skala Warna - Peta 3D Bingkai Kabel ........................................... ..................... 568

Visibilitas Bar Skala Warna .............................................. ............................ 568
Menambahkan Bilah Skala Warna ............................................. ............................. 569
Menghapus Bilah Skala Warna ............................................. ........................ 569

Mengedit Bilah Skala Warna ............................................. ............................. 569

Membuat Wireframe 3D Berisi Warna ............................................ ................... 571

Menentukan Lines untuk Menggambar pada 3D Wireframe ......................................... ... 571
Prioritas Properti Lini ............................................... .......................... 572

Mengatur Properti 3D Wireframe Line ............................................ ....... 572

Membuat Basis Peta Wireframe 3D ............................................ ..................... 573

Menghaluskan Peta Gambar rangka 3D ............................................. ......................... 573
Peta Wireframe 3D dan Nilai-Nilai Blanked ............................................ ................ 574

File Level Peta Wireframe 3D ............................................. ............................ 574

Membuat File Level ................................................... .................................. 574

Menggunakan File Level ................................................... .......................................... 575

Bab 15 - Peta Permukaan 3D Permukaan 3D ..................................................................... 577

Membuat Permukaan 3D .................................................. ..................................... 577
Menambahkan Lapisan Peta Permukaan 3D ke Peta Lainnya ......................................... .........
578 Tip Lapisan Hamparan Peta Permukaan 3D ............................................ ............... 578
xxx

Mengedit Peta Permukaan 3D ............................................. .................................. 578

Properti Permukaan 3D ............................................... ..................................... 578
Properti Peta ................................................ ....................................... 579
Halaman Umum - Peta Permukaan 3D ............................................ ........................... 579
Input File Grid ................................................... ......................................... 579
Skala Warna ................................................ ............................................ 580
Layers ................................................. .................................................. 580
Warna Bahan ................................................ ......................................... 580
Atas ................................................. .................................................. 580
Lebih rendah ................................................. .................................................. 581
Shininess ................................................. .............................................. 581
Nodus yang diratakan ................................................ ....................................... 581
Basis ................................................. .................................................. .. 581
Isi dan Line Dialog Properti ............................................. ...................... 582
Halaman Mesh - Peta Permukaan 3D ............................................ .............................. 583
Garis Konstan X .............................................. ................................... 583
Frekuensi ................................................. ............................................ 583
Properti Lini ................................................ ....................................... 583
Garis Konstan Y .............................................. ................................... 584
Frekuensi ................................................. ............................................ 584
Properti Lini ................................................ ....................................... 584
Permukaan Offset ................................................ ........................................ 584
Kiat Jaring ................................................ .............................................. 584
Halaman Pencahayaan - Peta Permukaan 3D ............................................ .............. 585
Petir ................................................. ................................................ 585
Posisi Ringan ................................................ ......................................... 585
Warna cerah ................................................ ........................................... 586
Halaman Overlay - Peta Permukaan 3D ............................................ ........................ 587
Metode Resampling ................................................ ................................. 587
Resolusi ................................................. ............................................ 588
Modulasi Warna .................................................... ..................................... 588
xxxi
Visibilitas Lapisan Peta ............................................... .................................. 588
Halaman Info - Peta Daerah Aliran Sungai ............................................. ..................... 588
Color Scale Bar - Peta Permukaan 3D ........................................... ....................... 589
Visibilitas Bar Skala Warna .............................................. ............................ 589
Menambahkan Bilah Skala Warna ............................................. ............................. 589
Menghapus Bilah Skala Warna ............................................. ........................ 589
Menggunakan Skala Logaritmik pada Bilah Skala Warna ......................................... .. 589
Mengedit Bilah Skala Warna ............................................. ............................. 590
Untuk Mengatur Properti Dasar Peta Permukaan 3D: ......................................... ............ 592
Untuk Menggambar Garis Mesh .............................................. ........................................ 592
Bab 16 - Sumbu
Sumbu Peta ................................................ .................................................. ... 593
Membuat Sumbu ................................................ ............................................... 594
Menambahkan Sumbu Tambahan ke Peta ............................................ ......................... 594
Mengedit Sumbu ................................................ ................................................. 594
Visibilitas Sumbu ................................................ .......................................... 594
Posisi Sumbu ................................................ .......................................... 594
Kutu ................................................. .................................................. .. 594
Memilih Sumbu ............................................... ..................................... 595
Fitur Sumbu Lainnya ............................................... ................................. 595
Halaman Umum - Properti Sumbu ............................................. ........................... 596
Atribut Axis ................................................ ........................................ 596
Axis Plane ................................................ .............................................. 596
Judul ................................................. .................................................. ... 597
Offset di sepanjang Sumbu ............................................... ..................................... 597
Offset dari Axis ............................................... .......................................... 597
Angle (derajat) .................................................. ........................................ 598
Properti Font ................................................ ....................................... 598
Label ................................................. .................................................. 598
Tampilkan ................................................. .................................................. 598

xxxii
Angle (derajat) .................................................. ........................................ 598
Offset Dari Sumbu ............................................... .......................................... 598
Format Label ................................................ .......................................... 598
Memformat Sumbu untuk Menampilkan Tanggal / Waktu ............................. ............ 599
Properti Font ................................................ ....................................... 599
Kutu Halaman - Properti Sumbu ............................................. ............................... 599
Kutu Utama ................................................ ............................................ 599
Gaya ................................................. .................................................. .. 599
Panjangnya ................................................. ................................................. 600
Kutu Kecil ................................................ ............................................ 600
Gaya ................................................. .................................................. .. 600
Panjangnya ................................................. ................................................. 600
Kutu Kecil Per Mayor .............................................. ................................ 600
Halaman Penskalaan - Properti Sumbu ............................................. ............................ 601
Penskalaan Otomatis ................................................ ................................... 601
Minimum Sumbu ................................................ ........................................ 601
Maksimum Axis ................................................ ........................................ 602
Interval Utama ................................................ ........................................ 602
Kutu Utama Pertama ................................................... ........................................ 603
Tick Mayor Terakhir ................................................... ........................................ 603
Posisi Sumbu ................................................ .............................................. 603
Cross Y Axis Di .............................................. ......................................... 603
Sumbu Cross Z Di .............................................. ......................................... 604
Sumbu Palang X Di .............................................. ......................................... 604
Arah Sumbu ................................................ ......................................... 604
Halaman Garis Grid - Properti Sumbu ............................................ ......................... 605
Garis Kisi Utama ............................................... .......................................... 606
Garis Kotak Kecil ............................................... .......................................... 606
Halaman Info - Properti Sumbu ............................................. ................................ 606
Edit Jarak Kutu Utama pada Sumbu ........................................... ....................... 606
Untuk mengedit kutu utama pada suatu poros: .......................................... 606

Mengatur Skala Sumbu .............................................. .......................................... 608

Untuk Menggambar Kotak yang Meliputi Peta ........................................... ................... 608
Bab 17 - Properti Peta
Pengantar Properti Peta Umum ............................................. .............. 609
Mengedit Properti Peta ............................................... .................................... 610
Properti Peta ................................................ ....................................... 610
Lihat Halaman - Peta Properti ............................................. ............................... 611
Beberapa Peta ................................................ ......................................... 611
Proyeksi ................................................. ............................................. 611
Rotasi ................................................. ............................................... 612
Miringkan ................................................. .................................................. .... 612
Bidang pandang ............................................... ........................................... 613
Contoh Parameter Kemiringan, Rotasi, dan Proyeksi .................................... 614
Trackball ..................................................... .............................................. 615
Skala Halaman - Peta Properti ............................................. .............................. 616
Skala Default ................................................ .......................................... 617
Skala X, Y, dan Z ........................................... ......................................... 617
Unit Peta Per In. (cm.) .................................................. ............................. 617
Panjangnya ................................................. ................................................. 618
Penskalaan XY Proporsional ............................................... ............................. 618
Menggunakan Penskalaan yang Berbeda dalam Dimensi X dan Y .............................. 618
Menggunakan Penskalaan untuk Meminimalkan Distorsi pada Peta Lintang / Bujur..... 619
Batas Halaman - Peta Properti ............................................. ............................. 622
Batas dan 3D Wireframes .................................................. .......................... 622
Pembatasan dan Pembatasan Sumbu .............................................. .............................. 623
Batas dan Skala Peta .................................................. ................................. 623
Batas dan Posting Peta .............................................. ................................. 623
Batas dan Sumbu Terbalik .................................................. .......................... 623
Batas, Skala, dan Menambahkan Lapisan Peta .......................................... .............. 623
Mengatur Batas Peta dengan Tanggal / Waktu ........................................... ................. 623
Halaman Batas ................................................... ....................................... 624
Halaman Bingkai - Properti Peta ............................................. ............................ 625
Properti Lini ................................................ ....................................... 625
Isi Properti ................................................ ......................................... 625
Halaman Sistem Koordinat - Peta Properti ............................................ ............ 626
Sistem koordinasi ................................................ .................................. 627
Halaman Info - Properti Peta ............................................. ................................ 627
Muat Ulang Data Peta ............................................... ........................................... 627
Tidak Dapat Menemukan ............................................... ...................................... 627
Memperbarui Lapisan Peta Tunggal ............................................. ....................... 628
Catatan Sistem Koordinasi ................................................... ........................... 628
Ekstrak Kisi atau Data dari Peta ............................................ ............................ 628
Menyetel Batas Peta ............................................... ......................................... 629
Bab 18 - Sistem Koordinasi
Pengantar Sistem Koordinasi .............................................. ................... 631
Ikhtisar Sistem Koordinat Peta .............................................. ..................... 631
Sumber Sistem Koordinat - Lapisan Peta ............................................ ................ 632
Sistem koordinasi ................................................ ...................................... 633
Target Coordinate System - Peta ............................................. ........................ 633
Sistem koordinasi ................................................ ...................................... 634
Menetapkan Sistem Koordinat untuk Lembar Kerja ........................................... ..... 634
Menetapkan Sistem Koordinat untuk Kotak ........................................... .............. 634
Menampilkan Data dengan Sistem Koordinat yang Berbeda dalam Satu Peta ............... 635
Catatan Sistem Koordinasi ............................................... ................................ 636
Tetapkan Dialog Sistem Koordinat .............................................. ...................... 637
Kategori Proyeksi ................................................ .............................. 637
Ubah Sistem Koordinasi ............................................... ......................... 639
Sistem Koordinasi Kustom Baru .............................................. ................. 639
Tambahkan ke Favorit ............................................... .......................................... 639
Hapus ................................................. ................................................ 639
xxxv
Contoh 1: Pilih Sistem Koordinat yang Ditentukan sebelumnya (mis. UTM) .......................
640
Contoh 2: Membuat dan Memilih Sistem Koordinasi Kustom (mis. Lambert
Konformal Conic) ............................................... ..................................... 640
Contoh 3: Menyimpan Sistem Koordinasi Kustom ......................................... 640
Tentukan Dialog Sistem Koordinat .............................................. ...................... 641
Nama ................................................. .................................................. 641
Proyeksi ................................................. ............................................. 641
Datum ................................................. ................................................. 642
OK atau Batal ................................................... ........................................... 642
Contoh 1: Mendefinisikan Sistem Koordinasi Kustom ....................................... 642
Contoh 2: Menyimpan Sistem Koordinasi Kustom ......................................... 642
Proyeksi Peta ................................................ ............................................ 643
Jenis Proyeksi ............................................... ................................. 644
Karakteristik Proyeksi ............................................... ..................... 647
Ellipsoid ................................................. .................................................. .. 649
Datums ................................................. .................................................. .... 650
Definisi Datum Khusus ............................................... .......................... 651
Memahami Datums Lokal ............................................... ..................... 653
Jenis Sistem Koordinat Yang Ditentukan ................................................. ............... 654
Sistem Koordinat Geografis (lat / panjang) .......................................... ........ 654
Sistem Proyeksi Kutub / Arktik / Antartika ........................................... ........ 654
Sistem Proyeksi Regional / Nasional ............................................. ........... 654
Sistem Koordinat Pesawat Negara .............................................. .................. 655
Sistem Koordinasi UTM ............................................... .......................... 655
Sistem Proyeksi Dunia ............................................... ......................... 655
Template ..................................................... ............................................ 655
Proyeksi yang Didukung ................................................ ................................... 656
Proyeksi Kerucut Albers Equal Area ............................................. ............... 656
Proyeksi Azimuthal Equidistant ............................................... ................ 657
Proyeksi Bonne ................................................ .................................... 659
Proyeksi Cassini ................................................ ................................... 660
Proyeksi Eckert IV ............................................... ................................. 661

Proyeksi Eckert VI ............................................... ................................. 662

Proyeksi berbentuk kerucut yang setara ............................................... ...................... 663

Proyeksi Silindris Yang Sama ................................................... ................ 665

Sistem Koordinat Geografis ............................................... .................. 666

Proyeksi Gnomonic ................................................ ............................... 667

Proyeksi Hotli Oblique Mercator .............................................. .............. 668

Hotine Oblique Mercator Proyeksi 2-Titik ........................................... ...... 670

Proyeksi Area Setara Lambert Azimuthal ............................................. ...... 672

Lambert Conformal Conic Projection .................................................. ............ 673

Proyeksi Mercator ................................................ ................................. 675

Proyeksi Silinder Miller ............................................... ........................ 676

Proyeksi Mollweide ................................................ ................................ 677

Kisi Peta Selandia Baru .............................................. ............................... 679

Proyeksi Miring Mercator ............................................... ....................... 680

Proyeksi Orthografis ................................................ ........................... 681

Proyeksi Polyconic ................................................ ................................ 682

Proyeksi Robinson dan Robinson-Sterling ............................................ .... 684

Proyeksi Sinusoidal ................................................ ............................... 685

Proyeksi Sistem Koordinat Pesawat Negara ............................................. .... 688

Proyeksi Mercator Melintang ............................................... .................. 689

Proyeksi Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) ........................................ 690

Proyeksi Van der Grinten .............................................. ......................... 691

File Referensi Perangkat Lunak Golden .............................................. ....................... 692

Koordinat Lintang dan Bujur .............................................. ................... 693

Garis Lintang ................................................. ................................................ 694

Garis bujur ................................................. ............................................. 694

Lintang dan Bujur dalam Derajat Desimal ............................................ ..... 694

Referensi Proyeksi ................................................ .................................... 695

Sistem Koordinasi Pertanyaan Yang Sering Diajukan ............................................. ... 696

Bab 19 - Penentuan Posisi dan Hamparan Peta

Pengantar Layers Peta .............................................. ............................... 699
Menggunakan Layers Peta ............................................... ..................................... 699
Layers dan 3D Wireframes .................................................. ......................... 700
Lapisan dan Permukaan 3D .............................................. ............................. 700
Pengecualian Lapisan ................................................ .................................... 700
Batas Peta Lapisan ............................................... ..................................... 700
Mengedit Lapisan Peta .............................................. ................................... 701
Menyembunyikan Layer Peta .............................................. ................................... 701
Menghapus Lapisan Peta .............................................. .............................. 701
Menghapus Layer Peta .............................................. ................................. 701
Hamparkan Peta .................................................... ............................................... 701
Metode 1: Menambahkan Lapisan Peta ke Bingkai Peta yang Ada .............................. 702
Metode 2: Melapis Dua Lapisan Peta yang Ada .......................................... 702
Metode 3: Menggabungkan Dua Lapisan Peta di Object Manager ........................ 702
Ubah Ukuran Objek ................................................ .............................................. 704
Stack Maps .................................................... .................................................. 705
Menyusun Peta Kontur di atas Peta Permukaan 3D ......................................... 705
Membuat Beberapa Peta di Jendela Plot yang Sama .......................................... ...... 706
Menempatkan Beberapa Peta yang Selesai di Jendela Plot yang Sama............................ 706
Menyelaraskan Beberapa Peta pada Halaman yang Sama ............................. .............. 707
Bab 20 - Bilah Skala, Profil, Digitalisasi, dan Pengukuran
Menambahkan Objek ke Peta ............................................. ................................... 709
Scale Bar ................................................ .................................................. ... 709
Menambahkan Bar Skala .............................................. ................................... 709
Mengedit Bar Skala .............................................. .................................... 709
Halaman Info - Bar Skala ............................................. ................................. 711
Profil ................................................. .................................................. ...... 711
Menambahkan Profil ............................................... ....................................... 711
Membentuk Kembali Garis Profil .............................................. .......................... 712
Memindahkan Garis Profil .................................................. .............................. 712
Mengubah ukuran profil ............................................... .................................. 712
Menyimpan Koordinat Garis Profil ............................................. ............... 712
Menyimpan Data Profil .............................................. .............................. 712
Profil dengan Beberapa Lapisan Peta ............................................. .................. 712
Profil dan Peta 3D .................................................. ................................. 713
Mengedit Profil ............................................... ....................................... 713
Profil - Halaman Plot .................................................. ..................................... 713
Halaman Skala - Profil .................................................. ................................... 715
Halaman Info - Profil .................................................. ..................................... 716
Merencanakan Bagian Silang ............................................... ................................... 717
Digitize ................................................. .................................................. ..... 717
Jendela Koordinat Digitalisasi ............................................... .................... 718
Digitalisasi Informasi dari Peta ............................................. ................ 719
Informasi Sistem Koordinasi ............................................... ................. 720
Membuat File Blanking dengan Perintah Digitize ..................................... 720
Mengukur ................................................. .................................................. ... 721
Poin Menggambar ................................................ ....................................... 722
Menghapus Poin ................................................ ..................................... 722
Panning dan Zooming ............................................... ............................... 722
Unit ................................................. .................................................. .. 722
Format Numerik ................................................ .......................................... 723
Panjangnya ................................................. ................................................. 723
Area tertutup ................................................ ........................................ 723
Peta 3D, Kemiringan, dan Perspektif ........................................... ....................... 723
Menyalin Pengukuran ................................................ ............................ 724
Metode Lain untuk Melihat Luas dan Panjang ........................................... .......... 724
xxxix
Bab 21 - Menggambar Objek
Draw Menu Commands ............................................... ................................... 725
Teks ................................................. .................................................. ......... 725
Menggambar Teks ................................................ ......................................... 725
Mengedit Properti Teks ............................................... ............................. 726
Properti Teks ................................................ ....................................... 726
Properti Default ................................................ ................................... 726
Editor Teks ................................................ ............................................. 726
Poligon ................................................. .................................................. .... 739
Menggambar Poligon ............................................... ................................... 739
Mengedit Poligon ............................................... ..................................... 739
Isi Halaman ................................................ ................................................ 740
Halaman Baris ................................................ .............................................. 740
Halaman Info ................................................ ............................................... 740
Tips Menggambar ................................................ .......................................... 740
Polyline ................................................. .................................................. .... 741
Menggambar Polyline ............................................... ................................... 741
Mengedit Polyline ............................................... ..................................... 741
Tips Menggambar ................................................ .......................................... 742
Simbol ................................................. .................................................. .... 742
Menggambar Simbol ............................................... .................................... 742
Mengedit Simbol ............................................... ..................................... 743
Tips Menggambar ................................................ .......................................... 743
Empat persegi panjang ................................................. .................................................. 743
Menggambar Rectangle ............................................... ................................ 743
Menggambar Kotak ................................................... .................................... 744
Mengedit Rectangle ............................................... .................................. 744
Tips Menggambar ................................................ .......................................... 744
Rounded Rectangle ................................................ ....................................... 745
Menggambar Kotak Bulat .............................................. .................... 745
Menggambar sebuah Rounded Square .............................................. ........................ 745
Mengedit Persegi Panjang Bulat .............................................. ...................... 745
Tips Menggambar ................................................ .......................................... 746
Elips ................................................. .................................................. ...... 746
Menggambar Ellipse ............................................... ................................... 746
Menggambar Lingkaran ................................................... ...................................... 746
Mengedit Ellipse ............................................... ..................................... 747
Tips Menggambar ................................................ .......................................... 747
Polyline Spline ................................................ .............................................. 747
Menggambar Spline Polyline .............................................. ........................... 747
Mengedit Polyline Spline .............................................. ............................. 748
Tips Menggambar ................................................ .......................................... 749
Membentuk kembali ................................................. .................................................. ... 750
Memasuki Mode Pembentukan Ulang .............................................. ........................ 750
Keluar dari Mode Pembentukan Ulang .............................................. .......................... 750
Memilih Titik ................................................ ................................... 750
Membatalkan Pemilihan Verteks ................................................ ................................ 751
Memindahkan Titik .................................................... .......................................... 751
Menambahkan Titik ................................................ .......................................... 752
Status bar ................................................ ............................................. 752
Polyline ke Polygon ............................................... ......................................... 752
Spline Polyline ke Polygon .............................................. .......................... 752
Catatan tentang Peta Dasar .................................................. ............................... 752
Polygon ke Polyline ............................................... ......................................... 753
Catatan tentang Peta Dasar .................................................. ............................... 753
Menggabungkan Pulau / Danau .............................................. .................................... 753
Catatan tentang Peta Dasar .................................................. ............................... 753
Menggabungkan Beberapa Poligon Yang Diambil .............................................. ............. 754
Pulau Split / Danau .............................................. .......................................... 755
Catatan tentang Peta Dasar .................................................. ............................... 755
Membagi Poligon Kompleks menjadi Beberapa Poligon ....................................... 755
Hubungkan Polylines ................................................ .......................................... 756
Catatan tentang Peta Dasar .................................................. ............................... 756
Break Polyline ................................................ .............................................. 757
Catatan tentang Peta Dasar .................................................. ............................... 757
Penyederhanaan Baris ................................................ ......................................... 757
Metode Penyederhanaan ................................................ .............................. 758
Opsi Penyederhanaan ................................................ .............................. 759
Pratinjau ................................................. ................................................ 759
OK atau Batal ................................................... ........................................... 759
Referensi ................................................. ............................................ 760
Penghalusan Garis ................................................ ............................................ 760
Jumlah Poin untuk Menambahkan ............................................. ............................. 760
Ketegangan ................................................. ................................................ 761
Pratinjau ................................................. ................................................ 761
OK atau Batal ................................................... ........................................... 761
Referensi ................................................. ............................................ 761
Bab 22 - Memilih dan Mengatur Objek
Memilih Objek ................................................ .......................................... 763
Tips Memilih Objek .............................................. ........................... 763
Pilih dan Ganti Nama Lapisan Peta ............................................ ................... 764
Pilih alat ................................................ ............................................. 766
Pilih Blok ................................................ ........................................... 766
Pilih Semua ................................................ ............................................... 767
Hapus centang Semua ................................................ ............................................ 767
Pilihan sebaliknya ................................................ ...................................... 767
Memesan Objek ................................................ .......................................... 767
Sejajarkan Objek ................................................ ................................................ 768
Pengelompokan Objek ................................................ .......................................... 769
Mengedit Objek Komposit ............................................... ......................... 769
Masukkan Grup ................................................ ........................................... 769

xlii

Keluar Grup .................................................... ............................................. 770

Membatalkan pengelompokan Objek ...................................... ................................. 770
Rotasi Objek ................................................ ........................................... 771
Hapus Rotasi ................................................ ........................................ 771
Keluar dari Mode Putar ............................................... ..................................... 771
Mengubah Objek ................................................ .................................... 771
X Offset .................................................... ................................................. 772
Y Offset .................................................... ................................................. 772
Skala X ................................................ .................................................. 772
Skala Y ................................................ .................................................. 772
Rotasi ................................................. ............................................... 772
Geser ................................................. .................................................. 772
Identity (Clear Transform) ............................................. .......................... 772
Referensi ................................................. ............................................ 773
Mengunci Posisi Objek ............................................... ................................. 773
Membuka Objek Objek ................................................ ................................... 773
Lapisan Peta Terkunci ............................................... ................................... 773
Objek Terkunci dalam Lapisan Dasar ............................................ ..................... 773

Bab 23 - Properti Obyek Properti Teks dan Font ............................ .................................. 775
Properti Teks ................................................ ....................................... 775
Properti Font ................................................ ....................................... 776
Font ................................................. .................................................. ... 777
Ukuran (poin) .................................................. ............................................ 777
Warna Foreground dan Background .............................................. ............... 777
Latar Depan dan Latar Belakang .................................................. ........... 778
Gaya ................................................. .................................................. .. 778
Alignment ..................................................... ............................................. 778
Dialog Properti Font ............................................... .............................. 779
Isi Properti ................................................ ............................................... 779
Isi Pola ................................................ ............................................. 780
Memuat File Pola Isi ............................................. ................................ 780
Warna Foreground ................................................ .................................... 780
Opacity Foreground ................................................ ................................. 780
Warna latar belakang ................................................ ................................... 781
Latar Belakang Opacity ................................................ ................................ 781
Mengimbangi ................................................. .................................................. 781
Skala ................................................. .................................................. 781
Meregang ................................................. ................................................. 781
Sampel ................................................. ................................................ 781
Isi Dialog Properti ............................................... ................................. 782
Properti Lini ................................................ ............................................. 782
Sampel ................................................. ................................................ 782
Gaya ................................................. .................................................. .. 783
Warna................................................. .................................................. .. 783
Opacity ................................................. ................................................ 783
Lebar ................................................. .................................................. 783
Gaya Akhir ................................................ ............................................. 784
Dialog Lini Properti ............................................... ............................... 784
Properti Simbol .................................................... ......................................... 785
Properti Simbol .................................................... ................................... 785
Simbol ................................................. ................................................ 785
Set Simbol .................................................... ............................................ 785
Ukuran ................................................. .................................................. ... 786
Isi Warna ................................................ ................................................ 786
Isi Opacity ................................................ ............................................. 786
Warna garis ................................................ .............................................. 786
Line Opacity .................................................... ........................................... 786
Simbol Kustom ................................................ ..................................... 786
Indeks Simbol .................................................... ......................................... 786
Symbol Properties Dialog ............................................... .......................... 787
Xliv

Properti Metafile ................................................ ........................................ 787

Halaman Umum ................................................ ......................................... 787
Halaman Info ................................................ ............................................... 787
Properti Gambar ................................................ .......................................... 788
Halaman Umum ................................................ ......................................... 788
Halaman Info ................................................ ............................................... 788
Warna dan ColorMaps ............................................... ..................................... 788
Pengantar Warna ............................................... ............................... 789
Warna Ubahsuaian ................................................ ........................................ 789
Pengantar Spectrum Warna .............................................. ................. 791
Menggunakan Spectrum Warna dalam Seri Peta ............................................ ............. 795
Pengantar File Level .................................................. .......................... 798
Halaman Info ................................................ .................................................. ... 801
Bagian Geometri ................................................ ................................... 801
Bagian Info ................................................ ........................................... 803
Bagian Atribut ................................................ ................................... 803
Bagian Opsi ................................................ .......................................... 804
Mengedit Atribut ................................................ .................................... 804
Mengekspor Atribut ................................................ ................................ 805
Menampilkan Atribut ................................................ ............................... 805
Informasi Ditampilkan untuk Objek .............................................. ............... 805
Editor Atribut .................................................... ............................................. 806
Nama ................................................. .................................................. 807
Nilai ................................................. .................................................. 807
Menambah Atribut Baru ............................................... .............................. 807
Menghapus Atribut ................................................ .................................. 807
Menyusun Ulang Atribut ................................................ .............................. 808
Mengedit Atribut ................................................ .................................... 808

Bab 24 - Mengubah Tampilan Lihat Perintah Menu ........................... ........................ 809

Sesuaikan dengan Jendela ................................................... .......................................... 809
Halaman ................................................. .................................................. .. 810
Perbesar ................................................ ................................................ 810
Perkecil .................................................... .............................................. 810
Zoom dengan Mouse Roda ............................................. .......................... 810
Zoom dengan Keyboard .................................................. ............................ 811
Zoom Dipilih ................................................ ....................................... 811
Kotak Zoom Panjang ................................................ ..................................... 811
Zoom Realtime ................................................ ....................................... 812
Ukuran sebenarnya ................................................ ............................................. 812
Pan ................................................. .................................................. .... 812
Layar penuh ................................................ ............................................ 813
Redraw ................................................. ................................................ 813
Auto Redraw ................................................ .......................................... 813
Mengubah Tata Letak ............................................... ...................................... 813
Visibilitas ................................................. .............................................. 813
Manajer Objek Menyembunyikan Otomatis atau Manajer Properti ....................................
814
Ukuran ................................................. .................................................. ... 814
Posisi ................................................. ................................................ 814
Mekanisme Docking ................................................ ................................ 815
Memulihkan Manajer dan Windows ke Lokasi Asli mereka ................... 816
Setel ulang Windows ................................................ ............................................. 816
Bab 25 - Editor Node Grid
Editor Grid Node ............................................... ............................................ 817
Grid Nodes .................................................... ............................................. 818
Node Aktif ................................................ ........................................... 818
Node Coordinates ................................................ ................................... 819
Nilai Z ................................................ ................................................. 819
File Gambar sebagai Kotak .................................................. .................................. 819
Menggunakan Editor Node Grid ............................................. ................................ 820
xlvi
Lihat Perintah Menu ............................................... .................................... 821
Sesuaikan dengan Jendela ................................................... .......................................... 821
Perbesar ................................................ ................................................ 821
Perkecil - Editor Node Grid ............................................ ........................ 821
Zoom dengan Mouse Roda ............................................. .......................... 822
Zoom dengan Keyboard .................................................. ............................ 822
Lacak Kursor ................................................ .......................................... 822
Perintah Menu Opsi ................................................... ................................ 823
Tampilkan Kontur ................................................ ....................................... 823
Level Kontur - Editor Node Grid ............................................ ................. 824
Tampilkan Node ................................................ ........................................... 825
Tampilkan Label ................................................ ........................................... 825
Blank Node ................................................ ............................................ 826
Unblank Node ................................................ ......................................... 826
Info Kisi ................................................ ............................................... 826

Bab 26 - Operasi Grid

Pengantar Operasi Grid .............................................. ......................... 827
Matematika ................................................. .................................................. .. 827
Kalkulus ................................................. ............................................... 827
Saring ................................................. .................................................. .. 827
Spline Halus ................................................ ........................................ 827
Kosong ................................................. .................................................. 828
Konversi ................................................. ................................................ 828
Ekstrak ................................................. ................................................. 828
Ubah ................................................. ............................................. 828
Mosaik ................................................. ................................................. 828
Volume ................................................. ................................................ 828
Iris ................................................. .................................................. .. 828
Residual ..................................................... .............................................. 828
Tetapkan Sistem Koordinasi ............................................... ......................... 828

Info Kisi ................................................ ............................................... 829

Grid Math ................................................ .................................................. .. 829
Input Grid ................................................ .............................................. 829
Variabel................................................. ................................................ 829
Penanganan Kosong ................................................ ....................................... 830
Nilai Remap ................................................ .......................................... 830
Tambahkan Grid ................................................ .............................................. 830
Hapus Kotak ................................................ .......................................... 830
Info Kisi ................................................ .............................................. 831
Masukkan Fungsi Formulir f (A, B, ...) .................................. .................... 831
Output Grid File ................................................... ....................................... 831
File Grid Math dan .GSR2 ............................................ ............................ 831
Untuk menggunakan Kotak | Perintah matematika ................................................ ..... 831
Menggunakan Perintah Grid Math untuk Menghasilkan Peta Isopach .......................... 832
Menghilangkan Nilai Negatif dari File Grid ........................................... .... 833
Mengatur Nilai Blanking untuk Grid ........................................... .............. 833
Kalkulus Kotak ................................................ ................................................ 835
Input File Grid ................................................... ......................................... 836
Output Grid File ................................................... ....................................... 837
Menggunakan Kalkulus Kotak ............................................... .................................. 837
Kalkulus Kisi dan File .GSR2 ............................................ ....................... 837
Directional Derivatives ................................................ ............................. 837
Pemodelan Medan ................................................ ..................................... 843
Aspek Medan ................................................ ........................................ 844
Lengkungan Profil ................................................ ..................................... 845
Plan Curvature ................................................ ....................................... 846
Lengkungan Tangensial ................................................ ............................... 847
Referensi Modeling Medan ............................................... ...................... 848
Operator Diferensial dan Integral .............................................. .............. 849
Analisis Fourier dan Spektral .............................................. ...................... 852
Periodogram ................................................. ......................................... 854 xlviii

Memfilter File Kotak ............................................... .......................................... 856

Memfilter Data Sebelum Gridding .............................................. ......................... 856
Filter Grid ................................................ .................................................. .. 856
Para tetangga ................................................ ................................... 857
Dialog Filter Grid .............................................. ................................ 858
Filter Grid dan File .GSR2 ............................................ ........................... 862
Filter Konvolusi Linier ............................................... .......................... 862
Filter Nonlinier ................................................ ..................................... 866
Referensi Filter Grid ............................................... ............................... 868
Spline Halus ................................................ .............................................. 869
Memperluas Kisi ............................................... ..................................... 869
Menghitung Ulang Grid ............................................... ................................. 870
Mengurangi Kepadatan File Grid .............................................. ......................... 871
Mengisi Sparse Grid ............................................. ................................ 872
Dialog Halus Spline .............................................. .......................... 873
File Grid Spline Smooth dan .GSR2 ........................................... ............... 875
Kotak Kosong ................................................ .................................................. 875
Mengosongkan Area dalam Kotak ............................................. ........................ 878
File Kotak Kosong dan .GSR2 ............................................ ........................... 878
Mengosongkan Di Dalam atau Di Luar Poligon ............................................ ............. 878
Mengosongkan Luar Beberapa Poligon .............................................. .............. 879
Konversi Kisi ................................................ ................................................ 882
Konversi Kisi dan File .GSR2 ............................................ ........................ 882
Ekstrak Kisi ................................................ ................................................. 882
Dialog Kotak Ekstrak .............................................. .............................. 883
Mengekstrak Subset dari File Grid yang Ada .......................................... ....... 884
Ekstrak Kisi dan File .GSR2 ............................................ ......................... 884 Grid
Transform ................................................ ............................................. 885
Dialog Transformasi Jaringan .............................................. ......................... 885
Untuk Mengubah File Kisi ............................................. ............................. 888
File Grid Transform dan .GSR2 ............................................ .................... 888 xlix
Grid Mosaic ................................................ .................................................. 889
Dialog Mosaik Kotak ............................................... ................................... 889
Untuk Menggabungkan (Mosaik) Kotak ............................................ ........................... 892
Tip Mosaik ................................................ ............................................ 893
File Grid Mosaic dan .GSR2 ............................................ ......................... 893
Volume dan Area ............................................... ........................................ 893
Contoh Akurasi Volume ............................................... ........................ 894
Menghitung Volume dan Area .............................................. ................... 895
Dialog Volume Kotak ............................................... .................................. 896
Pengantar Volume dan Area ............................................. ............... 897
Laporan Volume Kisi ............................................... .................................. 898
Potong dan Isi Volume .............................................. ................................. 900
Aturan Trapesium Diperpanjang ............................................... ........................ 901
Aturan Simpson yang Diperpanjang ............................................... .......................... 902
Aturan 3/8 Perpanjangan Simpson ............................................ ....................... 902
Perhitungan Area Planar ............................................... ........................... 903
Perhitungan Luas Permukaan ................................................... .......................... 904
Irisan Kotak ................................................ .................................................. ... 905
Keluarkan File BLN ............................................... ....................................... 906
Keluarkan File DAT ................................................... ....................................... 906
Atur Nilai Di Luar Kotak Ke ............................................. .......................... 907
Tetapkan Nilai di Grid Blanked Untuk ............................................ ..................... 907
OK atau Batal ............................................... ........................................... 907
Untuk Membuat File Data Yang Berisi Data Lintas Bagian .................................... 907
Residual ..................................................... .................................................. .. 908
Dialog Residual Grid .............................................. .......................... 910
Residual Kisi ................................................ ........................................ 910
Untuk Menghitung Residual ............................................... .............................. 911
Tetapkan Sistem Koordinat - Kotak ............................................. ........................ 911
Referensi Operasi Grid ................................................... ............................. 912
l
Bab 27 - Mengimpor, Mengekspor, dan Mencetak
Pengantar Mengimpor dan Mengekspor ............................................. .............. 913
Mengimpor ................................................. .................................................. 913
Dialog Impor ............................................... .................................... 913
Catatan ................................................. ............................................... 916
Mengekspor ................................................. .................................................. .. 916
Informasi Atribut ................................................ .............................. 916
Dialog Ekspor ............................................... .................................... 916
Pengaturan halaman ................................................ .................................................. 919
Dialog Pengaturan Halaman .................................................. ............................... 919
Mencetak ................................................. .................................................. .... 920
Dialog Cetak ............................................... ....................................... 920
Bab 28 - Opsi, Default, dan Kustomisasi
Pengantar Opsi ................................................... ................................... 923
Dialog Pilihan - Halaman Umum ............................................. ..................... 923
Dialog Pilihan - Halaman Pembaruan ............................................. .................... 926
Dialog Pilihan - Halaman Antarmuka Pengguna ............................................ ............. 927
Dialog Pilihan - Halaman Pilihan ............................................. ................... 930
Dialog Pilihan - Halaman Rendering ............................................. ................. 931
Dialog Pilihan - Halaman Pencetakan ............................................. ..................... 932
Dialog Pilihan - Halaman Penguasa dan Kisi ........................................... ............. 933
Pilihan - Properti Default .............................................. ...................... 934
Pengaturan Default ................................................ ............................................ 935
File Pengaturan Saat Ini ............................................... ......................................... 936
Pengaturan (diatur oleh dialog) ............................................ ...................... 936
Nilai Pengaturan ................................................ ......................................... 937
Mengatur Kegigihan ................................................ ................................. 937
Mengubah Default di Dialog ............................................. ................... 937
Menggunakan File Pengaturan Khusus .............................................. ......................... 938
Format untuk Nilai Atribut .................................................. ....................... 939
li
Kustomisasi Pengaturan ................................................ ....................................... 944
Sesuaikan Dialog - Halaman Perintah ............................................. ............. 945
Kustomisasi Dialog - Halaman Toolbars ............................................. ................ 947
Kustomisasi Dialog - Halaman Keyboard ............................................. ............... 949
Sesuaikan Dialog - Halaman Menu ............................................. .................... 951
Sesuaikan Dialog - Halaman Opsi ............................................. ................. 953
Dialog Penampilan Tombol ............................................... ......................... 954
Bab 29 - Surfer Otomatis
Pengantar Scripter ................................................... ...................................... 957
Mulai Program Penulisan .................................................. ......................... 958
Jendela Penulisan .................................................... .......................................... 959
Bekerja dengan Skrip ................................................... .......................................... 961
Bahasa BASIC Scripter ............................................... ................................ 961
Kompatibilitas Visual BASIC ............................................... .............................. 962
Menggunakan Scripter ................................................ .............................................. 963
Contoh File Script ............................................... ................................. 963
Menggunakan Bantuan Scripter ............................................... ........................................ 964
Bacaan yang Disarankan - Penulisan .................................................. ........................... 965
Menulis Naskah .................................................... ............................................. 965
Menjalankan Skrip .................................................... ............................................ 966
Menjalankan Script dalam Scripter .............................................. ......................... 966
Menjalankan Skrip dari Baris Perintah ............................................ ........ 967
Skrip Debugging ................................................ ......................................... 968
Melihat Kesalahan ................................................ ........................................ 968
Kesalahan Run-Time .................................................. ....................................... 968
Script Berjalan Salah ............................................... ............................. 969
Debug.Print ............................................... ............................................ 969
Stop atau Jeda ................................................... .......................................... 969
Melihat Nilai Variabel ............................................... ............................ 969
Mengubah Nilai Variabel ............................................... .......................... 970
Langkah ................................................. .................................................. .. 970
Lacak ................................................. .................................................. 971
Stack ................................................. .................................................. 971
File Modul ................................................ ........................................... 972
Pernyataan Program ................................................ ..................................... 972
Line Continuation ................................................ .............................................. 972
Contoh ................................................. ............................................... 972
Komentar ................................................. .................................................. 972
Kutipan dan Teks Ganda .................................................. ................................... 973
Operator ................................................. .................................................. 973
Alur kontrol ................................................ ................................................. 973
Argumen Opsional dan Argumen Bernama ................................................. ......... 975
Argumen Bernama dan Posisi .............................................. ...................... 976
Subrutin dan Fungsi ............................................... .............................. 976
Menulis Subrutin ................................................ ................................ 977
Fungsi Penulisan .................................................... .................................... 978
Fungsi dan Prosedur yang Terpasang ................................................ .................. 979
Menggunakan Objek Surfer ............................................... .......................................... 979
Kode, Kelas, dan Modul Objek ........................................... .......................... 980
Jenis Modul ................................................ ......................................... 980
The '#Uses Line ............................................. ......................................... 981
Definisi Pribadi dan Publik .................................................. ...................... 982
Properti Modul ................................................ ................................... 982
Menentukan Properti Obyek dan Metode ............................................. ........ 983
Membuat Dialog ................................................ ........................................... 983
Contoh UserDialog ................................................ .......................................... 986
Model Obyek Surfer ............................................... ....................................... 987
Mengakses Surfer ................................................ ..................................... 987
Metode dan Properti ................................................... ............................ 988
Koleksi ................................................. ............................................ 989
Bagan Model Obyek ................................................... ...................................... 989
Gambaran Umum Objek Surfer .............................................. ............................... 990
Pengantar Singkat tentang Objek Surfer Utama .......................................... ...... 990
Objek Aplikasi ................................................... .............................. 990
Koleksi Dokumen ............................................... ......................... 992
Koleksi Windows ................................................... ............................ 993
Objek PlotDocument ............................................... .......................... 993
Objek Dokumen Wks ............................................... ......................... 994
Objek PlotWindow, WksWindow, dan GridWindow ................................ 994
Koleksi Bentuk ............................................... .............................. 995
Objek MapFrame ............................................... .............................. 996
Objek Turunan ................................................ ............................................ 998
Obyek Dokumen ................................................ .................................... 998
Objek Jendela ................................................ ....................................... 998
Bentuk Objek ................................................ ......................................... 998
Obyek Legenda ................................................ ........................................ 998
Menggunakan Objek Koleksi ................................................... ...................................... 999
Hitung Properti ................................................ ....................................... 999
Metode Barang ................................................ .............................................. 999
Tambahkan Metode ................................................ ......................................... 1000
Tutup dan Hapus Metode .................................................. ........................ 1000
Properti Induk dan Aplikasi .................................................. .................... 1000
Objek PlotWindow, WksWindow, dan GridWindow .......................................... 1001
Menggunakan Objek Surfer ............................................... .................................... 1001
Hirarki Objek ................................................ ......................................... 1003
Hirarki Objek - MapFrame .................................................. ......................... 1004
Tingkatkan Kinerja Otomasi ............................................... .................. 1005
Contoh Otomasi ................................................ ...................................... 1005
Membuat dan Mencetak Peta Kontur ............................................ .................. 1005
Membuka, Menyimpan, dan Menutup Dokumen ........................................... ............ 1007
Membuat Variogram dengan Scripter ............................................. ................... 1008
Overlay Peta dengan Otomasi .............................................. ................... 1010
Memodifikasi Sumbu ................................................ ............................................ 1011
Lampiran A - Fungsi Matematika
Fungsi Matematika .................................................... ............................... 1013
Tipe Data ................................................ .......................................... 1013
Nama Variabel ................................................ .................................... 1013
Diutamakan ................................................. ......................................... 1013
Fungsi trigonometri ................................................ ......................... 1014
Fungsi Bessel ................................................ ................................... 1015
Fungsi Eksponensial ................................................ ............................ 1015
Fungsi Lain-lain ................................................ ......................... 1015
Fungsi Interval Statistik .................................................. ............... 1016
Perbandingan String .................................................... ................................ 1017
Contoh Perbandingan String ............................................. ................ 1018
Ekspresi Boolean ................................................ .............................. 1019
Operator Logis (dan, atau, xor, tidak) ....................................... ................. 1019
Operator Perbandingan (=, <>, <,>, <=,> =) .................................... .......... 1020
IF Function - IF (kondisi, true_value, false_value) ................................... 1021
Contoh ................................................. .................................................. 1021
Lampiran B - Instruksi Teks Matematika
Sintaks Instruksi Teks Matematika .................................................. .......................... 1023
Enkapsulasi Instruksi Teks Matematika .............................................. ............. 1024
Instruksi Persentase ................................................ ......................... 1024
Instruksi yang Mengubah Jenis, Ukuran, dan Gaya ................................ 1024
Instruksi yang Mengubah Warna Teks ............................................. ............ 1025
Instruksi yang Mengubah Posisi Teks ............................................. ........ 1026
Instruksi Digunakan untuk Memasukkan Karakter Khusus atau Tanggal dan
Waktu .................. 1028
Contoh Instruksi Teks Matematika ............................................. ............ 1029

Lampiran C - Format File Surfer Files ..................................................................... 1031

File Data ASCII .DAT, .TXT, .CSV ........................................... .......................... 1031
Pemformatan Lembar Kerja ................................................ ........................... 1031
Format ................................................. ................................................ 1031
Variabel Terpisah Koma ............................................... .................... 1032
Teks ASCII ................................................ ............................................ 1032
File DAT Perangkat Lunak Golden .............................................. ....................... 1032
Dialog Opsi Ekspor Data .............................................. ...................... 1033
Blanking Perangkat Lunak Golden. Deskripsi File BLN ........................................... .... 1034
Format File ................................................ .............................................. 1034
Contoh 1 ................................................ ............................................ 1035
Contoh 2 ................................................ ............................................ 1035
Memuat BLN ............................................... ....................................... 1036
Atlas Boundary. Deskripsi File BNA ............................................ ................. 1036
Format File ................................................ .............................................. 1036
Contoh 1 ................................................ ............................................ 1037
Contoh 2 ................................................ ............................................ 1038
Format File Level ................................................... ......................................... 1039
Format LVL 1 ............................................... ........................................ 1039
Format LVL 2 ............................................... ........................................ 1040
Format LVL 3 ............................................... ........................................ 1041
Format File Spectrum Warna .............................................. ............................ 1043
Contoh ................................................. ............................................ 1043
Posting Format File CLS Berkelas ............................................. ........................... 1045
Contoh ................................................. ............................................ 1046
Surfer 6 Format Kotak Teks ............................................. ............................... 1047
Contoh ................................................. ............................................. 1048 lvi

Lampiran D - Format Waktu Tanggal

Format Tanggal .................................................... ....................................... 1051
Format Waktu .................................................... ....................................... 1053
Indeks ................................................. .................................................. ..... 1056

Bab 1
Memperkenalkan Surfer
Pengantar Surfer®
Selamat datang di Surfer, paket pemetaan kontur, gridding, dan
permukaan yang kuat untuk ilmuwan, insinyur, pendidik, atau
siapa saja yang perlu membuat peta dengan cepat dan dengan
mudah. Memproduksi peta kualitas publikasi tidak pernah lebih
cepat atau mudah. Peta bisa ditampilkan dan ditingkatkan di
Surfer. Menambahkan beberapa lapisan peta, menyesuaikan
tampilan peta, dan anotasi dengan teks membuat peta kualitas
publikasi. Hampir semuanya aspek peta anda dapat disesuaikan
untuk menghasilkan presentasi persis anda ingin.
Surfer adalah program pemetaan berbasis grid yang
menginterpolasi data XYZ yang tidak beraturan ke dalam kotak
spasi secara teratur. Kisi juga dapat diimpor dari sumber
lain, seperti Survei Geologi Amerika Serikat (USGS). Grid
digunakan untuk menghasilkan yang berbeda jenis peta termasuk
kontur, vektor, gambar, relief berbayang, daerah aliran
sungai, permukaan 3D, dan peta gambar rangka 3D. Banyak opsi
kisi dan pemetaan yang tersedia memungkinkan anda menghasilkan
peta yang paling mewakili data anda. Serangkaian metode
gridding tersedia di Surfer. Berbagai tersedia metode
memberikan interpretasi yang berbeda dari data anda, dan
memungkinkan anda untuk memilih metode yang paling tepat untuk
kebutuhan anda. Selain itu, metrik data memungkinkan anda
untuk mengumpulkan informasi tentang data kisi anda. Luas
permukaan, luas bidang yang diproyeksikan, dan perhitungan
volumetrik dapat dilakukan dengan cepat di Surfer. Profil
penampang juga dapat dihitung dan diekspor. File kotak itu
sendiri dapat diedit, digabungkan, disaring, diiris, ditanya,
dan ditransformasikan secara matematis. Misalnya, Anda dapat
membuat peta isopach dari dua file kotak. Anda akan
membutuhkan file grid permukaan asli dan file grid permukaan
setelah a
volume material telah dihapus. Kurangi dua permukaan untuk
membuat peta isopach.
Peta yang dihasilkan menampilkan berapa banyak materi yang
telah dihapus di semua area.
Program ScripterTM, termasuk dengan Surfer, berguna dalam
membuat, mengedit, dan
menjalankan file skrip yang mengotomatisasi prosedur Surfer.
Dengan menulis dan menjalankan skrip
file, tugas biasa yang sederhana atau tugas integrasi sistem
yang kompleks dapat dilakukan
tepat dan berulang tanpa interaksi langsung. Surfer juga
mendukung ActiveX Otomatisasi menggunakan klien yang
kompatibel, seperti Visual BASIC. Dua otomatisasi inikemampuan
memungkinkan Surfer untuk digunakan sebagai visualisasi data
dan pembuatan peta postprocessor untuk sistem pemodelan ilmiah
apa pun.

Siapa Yang Menggunakan Surfer?

Orang-orang dari berbagai disiplin ilmu menggunakan Surfer.
Sejak 1984, lebih dari 100.000 ilmuwan dan para insinyur di
seluruh dunia telah menemukan kekuatan dan kesederhanaan
Surfer. Surfer kemampuan griding dan contouring yang luar
biasa telah menjadikan Surfer sebagai perangkat lunak pilihan
untuk bekerja dengan data XYZ. Selama bertahun-tahun, pengguna
Surfer sudah termasuk ahli hidrologi, insinyur, ahli geologi,
arkeolog, ahli kelautan, ahli biologi, rimbawan, ahli
geofisika, peneliti medis, ahli iklim, pendidik, mahasiswa,
dan lebih! Siapa pun yang ingin memvisualisasikan data XYZ
mereka dengan kejelasan dan akurasi yang mencolok akan manfaat
dari fitur Surfer yang kuat.

Fitur baru
Ini adalah ikhtisar dari beberapa fitur baru Surfer 12.
Mudah digunakan
• Simpan di Surfer 11 atau Surfer 12. Format RSF untuk berbagi
lebih mudah
versi.
• Menambahkan perintah Trackball ke menu klik kanan untuk
rotasi peta yang lebih mudah.
• Skema tampilan antarmuka baru modern.
• Memperbesar ke lokasi kursor menggunakan mouse.
• Menambahkan ukuran halaman baru yang lebih besar yang telah
ditetapkan ke dialog Pengaturan Halaman.
• Atur opsi printer untuk mendapatkan ukuran kertas dari
dialog Pengaturan Halaman.
• Ganti nama objek individual dalam lapisan dasar tanpa
memasuki grup.
• 150 gaya garis kompleks baru.
• Opsi colormap logaritmik baru.
• Tampilkan skala warna dan label menggunakan nilai logaritmik
atau linier.
• Tekan ALT + ENTER pada keyboard untuk mengakses Manajer
Properti.
• Tekan ALT + F11 pada keyboard untuk mengakses Object
Manager.
Fitur Peta
• Atur satuan dan format angka untuk Peta | Perintah ukur.
• Base Maps
• Unduh peta dasar dari server peta online dari server WMS
• Ganti nama objek individual di lapisan peta dasar tanpa
memasukkan
kelompok.
• Peta Kontur
• Atur font label kontur dan properti format saat menggunakan
Metode Level Sederhana
• Menambahkan Metode Level peta kontur Logaritmik
• Warna default garis kontur minor sekarang 30% Hitam, untuk
cepat
membedakan kontur utama dan minor pada peta.
• Posting Peta dan Peta Posting Berkelas
• Atur warna simbol untuk peta posting dari kolom lembar
kerja.
• Gunakan colormap untuk menautkan nilai dalam lembar kerja
dengan warna di
colormap untuk memposting peta.
• Tampilkan beberapa label pada peta pos.
• Hubungkan titik-titik di peta pos dengan sebuah garis.
• Gunakan data Tanggal / Waktu untuk pembuatan peta pos.
• Gunakan file DXF 3D sebagai data XYZ untuk pembuatan peta
post.
• Peta Posting yang Diklasifikasikan
• Menerapkan gradasi warna untuk warna simbol peta posting
yang dikelompokkan.
• Menerapkan gradasi ukuran untuk ukuran simbol peta posting
yang dikelompokkan.
• Ubah simbol untuk semua kelas sekaligus.
• Tampilkan beberapa label pada peta posting yang
dikelompokkan.
• Menghubungkan titik-titik dalam peta posting yang
dikelompokkan dengan sebuah garis.
• Gunakan data Tanggal / Waktu untuk pembuatan peta posting
berkelas.
• Gunakan file DXF 3D sebagai data XYZ untuk pembuatan peta
posting berkelas.
• Peta Gambar
• Meningkatkan jumlah warna diskrit untuk lapisan peta gambar
menjadi 16
juta (dari 254). Ini menciptakan definisi warna yang lebih
baik dengan besar
jumlah sampah dalam file CLR.
• Peta Daerah Aliran Sungai
• Ubah properti garis untuk garis batas wilayah cekungan DAS.
• Sumbu
• Balikkan arah sumbu untuk membuat sumbu menurun.
• Memformat label sumbu menggunakan label Tanggal / Waktu.
Fitur Gridding
• Kisi data menggunakan opsi linear atau logaritmik.
• Buat buffer di sekitar lambung cembung data saat kisi.
• Gunakan data Tanggal / Waktu untuk memasukkan atau
memposting pembuatan peta.
• Gunakan file DXF 3D sebagai data XYZ untuk kisi-kisi atau
memposting pembuatan peta.
Fitur Menggambar dan Mengedit Batas
• Polinesia halus dan poligon.
• Menipis atau menyederhanakan poligon dan poligon.
• Menambahkan opsi untuk menonaktifkan akselerasi OpenGL pada
kartu video. Ini adalah
digunakan dalam keadaan langka di mana bagian atas peta
permukaan 3D berwarna hitam atau memberi
kesalahan saat membuat peta permukaan 3D.
• Memperbaiki format file posting warna / simbol CLS untuk
menyertakan baris
dan isi warna secara terpisah.
Fitur Data
• Impor data dalam format Excel XLSM.
• Mengimpor data dari format file SP1 dan SEG.
• Impor DXF AutoCAD Menggambar format file data ke lembar
kerja.
• Atur sel lembar kerja untuk menggunakan format tanggal /
waktu dalam dialog Format Sel.
• Balik atau transposkan kolom ke baris dan baris ke kolom.
• Bulat data dengan Data | Transformasikan persamaan Round.
• Hitung nilai dalam lembar kerja dengan ekspresi PI di Data |
Mengubah.
• Menambahkan format angka persentase untuk konversi data yang
lebih mudah.