შოთა რუსთაველის ეროვნული სამეცნიერო ფონდი

biologiis 24-e saerTaSoriso

olimpiadisTvis saqarTvelos nakrebi
gundis wevrebis SesarCevi

I turi

xangrZlivoba: 120 wuTi

testis raodenoba - 50
 I turis kiTxvebs mxolod erTi pasuxi aqvs swori!
 pasuxebi SeitaneT mxolod pasuxebis furcelSi!
 pasuxis furcelSi yoveli pasuxi moniSneT “X”-iT garkveviT,
rogorc es qvemoT aris naCvenebi

N# A B G D E
0 X

 Tqven SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT kalkulatori da furclebi Savi

samuSaosaTvis.
 pasuxebi dawereT pasuxebis furcelSi!
 pasuxi, romelic SekiTxvebis furcelSi iqneba Setanili, ar
Sefasdeba!
 qulaTa maqsimaluri raodenoba I turSi - 50

gisurvebT warmatebebs!
1. qvemoT mocemul diagramaze naCvenebia qolesterinis ganlageba ujredis
membranis lipidur biSreSi.

qolesterini Sereulia ujredis membranis lipidur biSreSi imitom, rom:

A. amfipatiuria;
B. steroiduli warmonaqmnia;
C. mTlianad hidrofoburia;
D. fosfolipidebis warmoebulia;
E. dakavSirebulia glikoproteinebTan.

2. hormonis moqmedebis dros ra funqcia akisria “meorad mesenjers”?

A. ujreds aZlevs signals hormonis sekreciisaTvis;
B. jirkvals aZlevs informacias hormonis moqmedebis Sesaxeb;
C. gadascems hormonis signals samizne ujredis SigniT;
D. gadaaqvs hormoni, sanam imyofeba sisxlSi.

3. CamoTvlilTagan romeli aZlevs saSualebas ujredis membranas SeinarCunos

Txevadi mdgomareoba dabali temperaturisas?
A. aqtiuri transportis gamoyeneba

B. cilebis da glukozis kotransporti;

C. ujeri fosfolipidebis procentobis gazrda membranaSi;

D. hidrofoburi cilebis raodenobis Semcireba membranaSi;
4. fosfolipidebi aris lipidebis klasi, romelnic ujreduli membranis
Semadgenlobis umetesobas warmoadgens da qmnis lipidur biSres.
aRniSneT WeSmariti mtkicebuleba
A. hidrofoburi kudebi mimarTTulia ujredis membranis SigniT
erTamneTisken.
B. membranis SemadgenlobaSi myofi cximovani mJavebi ar Seicavs ormag bmebs.
C. Tu fosofolipidi CaerTo membranis SemdgenlobaSi, is iq rCeba mudmivad.
D. biSreSi albuminebia uwesrigoda CaZiruli.

5. ZuZumwovrebis plazmuri memrana xasiTdeba sxvadasxva klasis

fosofolipidebis (SM, PC, PE, PS and PI) arsebobiT. grafiki gviCvenebs TiToeuli
fosofolipidis procentul ganawilebas adamianis eriTrocitis plazmur
membranaSi.

ujredis gareTa zedapiri

ganawileba %

ujredis SigniTa zedapiri

aRniSneT mcdari pasuxi.

A. SeiZleba davaskvnaT rom zogadad membrana asimetriulia;
B. membranuli fosoflipidis 22%Seicavs SM da 4% Seicavs Pl;
C. Sida membranuli fosoflipidis 80%Seicavs PE da 16% Seicavs PC;
D. umetesoba PC mdebareobs eriTrocitis gareTa zedapirze, maSin roca
umetesoba PE da PS mdebareobs SigniTa zedapirze.
6. qvemoT mocemuli cxrili gviCvenebs aminomJavebis genetikur kods.

zogierT viruss (magaliTad Tambaqos mozaikuri virusi (TMV)) aqvs rnm-s

Tanamimdevrobebi, romelic Seicavs aramdgrad stop kodons. TMV–Si 95%
SemTxvevaSi maspinZlis ribosoma daasrulebs polipeptidis sinTezs am kodonSi,
magram danarCen SemTxvevaSi agrZelebs am kodonis gavliT.
qvemoT mocemulia TMV–s matriculi rnm-s Tanamimdevrobebi. miuTiTeT
Tanamimdevroba, romelzec ar warmoiqmneba ori polipepdi.
A. 5’-AUG-UCU-UGU-CUU-UUC-ACC-CGG-GGG-UAG-UAU-UAC-CAU-GAU-GGU-UAA-3’
B. 5’-AUG-ACC-CGG-GGG-UUU-CUU-UUC-UAG-UAU-GAU-CAU-GAA-GGU-UGU-UAA-3’
C. 5’-AUG-CUU-UUC-UCU-UAU-UAG-CAU-GAU-GGU-UGU-ACC-CGG-GGG-CCC-UAA-3’
D. 5’-AUG-CAU-GUU-CUU-UUC-UCU-UAU-UGU-GGU-UGU-ACC-CGG-GGG-UUC-UAA-3’
E. 5’-AUG-CAU-GAU-GGU-UGU-ACC-CGG-GGG-UAG-CUU-UUC-UCU-UAU-UGC-UAA-3’

7. qvemoT CamoTvlilidan, ujreduli ciklis fazebis romeli Tanamimdevroba

aris damaxasiaTebeli eukariotuli ujredebisaTvis?
A. G1 – S – G2 – G0 – M
B. G1 – G0 – G2 – S – M
C. G1 – G0 – G1 – G2 – S – M
D. G1 – G0 – G1 – S – G2 – M
8. ujredis populacia, SeRebili iqna fluorescentuli saRebaviT, romelic
ebmis dnm-s. TiToeuli ujredis dnm-s radenoba gazomili iqna gamdinare
citometriT. Sedegi mocemulia diagramis saxiT.

grafikidan gamomdinare ujredebis romeli jgufi (A – C) aris ujreduli

ciklis S fazaSi?

9. qvemoT mocemulia sami saxeobis baqteriis morfologia:

A (koki) B (Soltiani bacila) C (kafsuliani Cxiri)

Cveulebriv baqteriisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia daukavSirdes raime zedapirs da

warmoqmnas e.w. “biofilmebi”. baqteria dakavSirebis dros, sanam raime
zedapirTan Seva kontaqtSi, rac ufro uaxlovdeba zedapirs xedeba ukugdebis
zonaSi. romel baqterias aqvs upiratesoba gadalaxos es ukugdebis zona?
a. baqteria A;
b. baqteria B;
c. baqteria C;
10. zogierT ujredSi Treoninidan izoleicinis sinTezi katalizirdeba xuTi
fermentis, a, b, c, d da e, Tanamimdevruli moqmedebiT. isini warmoqmnian Sualedur
produqtebs - A, B, C da D, xolo saboloo produqti izoleicinia, Sesabamisad.
savaraudod, yvelaze metad, ra SeiZleba moxdes, rodesac izoleicini
sinTezirdeba Warbad da Treoninis mowodeba ujredSi aris Warbi?
(A) izoleicini asocirdeba TreoninTan a fermentis aqtiurobis dasaTrgunad;
(B) izoleicini asocirdeba D Sualedur produqtTan e fermentis aqtiurobis
dasaTrgunad;
(C) izoleicini ukavSirdeba a ferments da Trgunavs mis aqtiurobas;
(D) izoleicini ukavSirdeba e ferments da Trgunavs mis aqtiurobas;
(E) Treonini uwyvetad gardaiqmneba izoleicinad 5 fermentis meSveobiT.

11. zogierTi prokariotuli organizmis ujredSi, sunTqvis dros, eleqtronebis

transportis jaWvis bolos, SO42- gamoiyeneba rogorc saboloo eleqtronuli
receptori. romeli momdevno mtkicebuleba, romelic exeba am prokariotul
organizmSi ujredis sunTqvas, ar aris swori?
(A) es aris anaerobuli sunTqva;
(B) eleqtronebis miRebas SO4 meSveobiT Tan axlavs H2O warmoqmna;
(C) eleqtronebis transportis jaWvi zrdis protonebis mamoZravebel Zalas;
(D) warmoiqmneba ATP;
(E) ATP warmoqmna korelirebs H+ ionis mobilobasTan.

12. histonebi aris mcire fuZe bunebis cilebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia dnm–
Tan da warmoqmnis qromosomas. eukariotul ujredebSi aris xuTi histoni - H1,
H2A, H2B, H3 da H4. qvemoT CamoTvlili qromosomis struqturebidan, romeli
asocirdeba H1 histonTan? CamoTvlilTagan qromosomis romeli struqturuli
Taviseburebis formireba xdeba H1 histonis meSveobiT?
(A) telomera;
(B) nukleosomuri fibrila (10 nanometriani Zafi);
(C) 30 nanometriani Zafi;
(D) maryuJovani domenebi;
(E) centromera.
13. mecnierma adamianis mravali genis dnm-s, Sesabamisi rnm-s da cilis
Tanamimdevrobebi Seadara.
ra daskvnis gakeTeba SeiZleba am TanamimdevrobaTa Sedarebidan?
(A) egzonebis raodenoba yovelTvis Warbobs intronis raodenobas;
(B) translaciis start kodoni moTavsebulia pirvel egzonSi;
(C) translaciis stop kodoni moTavsebulia bolo egzonSi;
(D) kepirebuli rnm-s G nukleotidi aris pirveli nukleotidi romelic
dnm-dan transkribirdeba.
(E) poli-adenilirebuli bolo transkribirebulia poli-Timidinirebuli dnm-
dan.

14. nobelis premiiT, fiziologiasa da medicinaSi, 2009 wels erTdroulad

dajildovdnen blekburni, greideri da Sostaki. maT aRmoaCines, rom cxovelur
ujredebSi qromosomebi daculia telomerebiT da fermenti telomeraza Zlier
korelirebs asakTan da kibosTan. CamoTvlilTagan, romelic exeba telomeras
da telomerazas, aris swori?
(A) telomeraza aris dnm-egzonukleaza;
(B) telomeraza aris rnm-polimeraza;
(C) embrionuli ujredebs aqvT ufro grZeli telomeruli ubnebi da
telomerazas maRali aqtiuroba;
(D) kibos ujredebSi telomerebi ufro grZelia da telomeraza
inaqtivirebulia;
(E) somatur jredebSi telomerebi ufro grZelia da telomeraza metad
gaaqtiurebulia.

15. EcoRI restriqciis fermenti aris dnm-endonukleaza, romelic Seicnobs

GAATTC Tanamimdevrobas. es fermenti pirvelad aRmoCenili iyo Escherichia coli –
Si da SemdgomSi ewoda EcoRI. didi raodenobiT endonukleazas
gamomuSavebisaTvis, am genis makodirebeli dnm-s fragmenti klonirebuli iqna
eqspresirebul plazmidaSi. miRebuli rekombinantuli plazmida gadaitanes E. coli
–s ujredebSi, raTa mieRoT rekombinantuli fermenti SeswavlisaTvis. ratom ar
ixliCeba maspinZlis dnm rekombinantuli EcoRI fermentiT?
 (A) maspinZlis dnm ar Seicavs EcoRI fermentebiT daxleCvis saitebs;
(B) EcoRI gamoiyofa maspinZeli ujredidan gareT;
(C) garemo faqtorebi, rogoricaa temperatura da pH done, Trgunavs EcoRI
aqtiurobas;
(D) E. coli–s maspinZlis ujredebi asinTezireben fermentebs, romlebic
blokaven EcoRI aqtiurobas;
(E) maspinZlis ujredebis, dnm-Si EcoRI fermentis daxleCvis saitebi
modificirebulia.

16. hipersensitiuri reaqcia aris mcenareTa erT-erTi TavdacviTi reaqcia

paTogenebis winaaRmdeg. oTxi paTogenuri Stamidan a - d, TiToeuli warmoqmnis
efeqtorebis gansxvavebul/gansakuTrebul rigs. erT-erTi efeqtori, Avr,
amoicnoba specifikuri cila receptoriT, romelsac maspinZeli mcenaris
rezistentuli geni (R) kodirebs. Avr warmodgenilia b da c StamebSi. B da D
maspinZel mcenareebSi warmoiqmneba R cila. romel mcenareebs SuZliaT
ganaviTaron hipersensitiuri sapasuxo reaqcia, mas Semdeg rac A-dan D-mde
maspinZeli mcenareebis a-dan d-mde paTogenebiT inficireba moxdeba (a→A, b→B,
c→C, d→ D), Sesabamisad?

(A) mxolod A
(B) mxolod B
(C) mxolod C
(D) mxolod D
(E) B da C
(F) B da D

17. mcenareTaA moZraoba vlindeba rodesac mcenaris organoebi icvlian TavianT

sivrciT ganlagebas stimulis zegavleniT, rac ganpirobebulia ujredebis
diferencialuri zrdiT an organoebis ujredebSi turgoris gansxvavebuli
cvlilebiT. mcenaris CamoTvlili moZraobebidan romelia danarCenebisgan
gansxvavebuli meqanizmiT gamowveuli?
 (A) simindis fesvebis dadebiTi geotropizmi
(B) soios foTlebis dakecva Ramis periodSi
(C) kitris ulvaSebis moZraoba Robeebze
(D) lobios aRmonacenis fototrofuli moZraoba
(E) axali ylortebis zrda gazafxulze

kiTxvebi A 18 da 19 aris kiTxvaTa jgufi

18. samodelo mcenares arabidofsiss (Arabidopsis) fermentebi DXS, DXR, CMS,
CMK, MCS, HDS da HDR Sedis eriTriTol fosfaturi (MEP) gziT izopentenil
difosfatisa (IPP) da dimeTilalil difosfatis (DMAPP) biosinTezSi.

arabdiofsisis albinos mutants _ TeTr eSmaks darRveuli aqvs fermenti HDS

-sinTezi. warmoidgineT, rom arabiofsiss SeuZlia efeqturad STanTqos
nivTierebaTa cvlis Sualeduri produqtebi MEP-is nivTierebaTa cvlis gzaze.
Semdegi naerTebidan romeli maTganis Setanis Semdeg gaizrdeba TeTri eSmaki da
miiRebs mwvane Seferilobas?
(A) MEP;
(B) CDP-ME;
(C) CDP-MEP;
(D) ME-cPP;
(E) HMBPP.
19. romel CamoTvlil organelaSia mcenaris MEP-is nivTierebaTa cvlis gza
lokalizebuli?
(A) birTvi;
(B) vakuoli;
(C) qloroplasti;
(D) mitoqondria;
(E) endoplazmuri bade.

20. mecnierma moamzada mcenaris foTlis Wrili da aRmoaCina didi raodenobiT

saxameblis granulebi gamtari konebis SemomsazRvreli garsis ujredebSi.
CamoTvlili niSnebidan/Tvisebebidan romelze dakvirvebaa SesaZlebeli mocemul
mcenareSi?
I. bageebi gaRebulia RamiT;
II. mezofilSi PEP karboqsilazas arseboba;
III. ribulozodifosfatkarboqsilazas arseboba gamtari konebis SemomsazRvrel
ujredebSi;
IV. fotorespiraciis maRali done zafxulis dReebSi;
V. naxSirbadis fiqsacia xdeba oriveSi _ mezofilisa da gamtari konebis
SemomsazRvrel ujredebSi;
VI. naxSirbadis asimilacis donis momateba adre diliT zafxulis dReebSi.
(A) mxolod I, IV
(B) mxolod II, IV, V
(C) mxolod II, IV, VI
(D) mxolod II, III, V
(E) mxolod II, III, V, VI
(F) mxolod II, IV, V, VI

21. eTileni aris hormoni, romelic gavlenas axdens mcenareebis zrdasa da

ganviTarebaze. cnobilia, rom 1-meTilciklopropenis (MCP) 10 ppm-iT (10 mg/1l)
damuSavebas SeuZlia dablokos eTilenis transduqciis signali. Tu Sesaswavli
(mcenare-nimuSi) mcenaris qsovilebs daamuSaveben MCP-is 10ppm-iT,
CamoTvlilTagan romeli tipis fenotipze iqneba SesaZlebeli dakvirveba?
 (A) hipokotilis (Canasaxvoani Rero) damokleba lobios eTilirebul
aRmonacenebSi;
(B) qlorofilis gaZlierebuli daSla zogierT foTolSi;
(C) eTilenis sinTezis gazrda bananis nayofSi;
(D) pomidvris nayofis damwifebis daTrgunva;
(E) mixakis moWrili yvavilis Wknobis dawyeba.

22. agrobaqteriiT (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) gamowveuli transformacia farTod

gamoiyeneba ucxo genis gadasatanad mcenaris genomSi. am meTodma ganapiroba
Tanamedrove warmatebebi mcenareebis bioteqnologiaSi. mag: geni, romelic
papaias wriuli laqianobis gamomwvev virusSi (PRSV) akodirebs kafsulis cilas
(CP), gamoiyenes virus reziztentuli transgenuri mcenaris papaia SunUp-is
gamosayvanad havaize. transformaciisTvis gamoyenebuli iyo konstruqcia,
romlic Seicavda CP gens da kanamicinis mimarT rezistentobis mimniWebel
markerul gens (nptII). orive genis CP da nptII marTva xdeba yvavilovani
kombostos mozaikis virusis (CaMV) 35S promotoriT. mocemul informaciaze
dayrdnobiT, romeli debulebebi ar aris marTebuli?

(A) papaia SunUp rezistentulia kanamicinis mimarT;

(B) papaia SunUp Seicavs dnm–is zogierT Tanmimdevrobas CaMV-dan;
(C) papaia SunUp Seicavs baqteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens -s
qromosomuli dnm-is garkveul nawils;
(D) papaia SunUp Seicavs Ti plazmidis nawils romelsac T-dnm ewodeba;
(E) papaia SunUp Seicavs nptII gens.

23. ZuZumwovrebis sisxlis moculobis gamosaTvlelad iyeneben iodis

raioaqtiur izotops (123I). es izotopi Cveulebriv miiReba siTezurad, aqvs
123
naxevardaSli periodi 13 saaTi. igi iSleba Te, romelic umravles SemTxvevaSi
stabiluria. sisxlis moculobis gamosaTvlelad cxovelis venaSi Seiyvanes
10ml iodis xsnari. Seyvanis momentSi xsnaris aqtivoba iyo 2mSv. Seyvanidan 13
saaTis Semdeg 10ml sisxlSi aqtivoba aris 0.0025mSv. cxivelis gamoTvlili
sisxlis moculoba aris:
 (A) 10.0 L
(B) 8.0 L
(C) 4.0 L
(D) 2.5 L
(E) 1.25 L

24. CamoTvliliTagan romeli movlena gamoiwvevs amagznebeli postsinapsuri

potencialis aRZvras?
a. natriumis Sesvlis gaZliereba;
b. kaliumis gamosvlis blokireba;
c. kalciumis Sesvlis gaZliereba;
d. qloris arxebis Caketva.
(A) mxolod a da b;
(B) mxolod b da c;
(C) mxolod a, c da d;
(D) mxolod b, c da d;
(E) a, b, c da d.

25. janmrTel adamianTan SedarebiT rogoria Semdegi homonebis: Tireotropin

rilizing hormoni (TRH), Tireotropuli hormoni (TSH) da Tiroiduli
hormonebi T4 da T3, done pirveladi hiperTireodizmis (farisebri jirkvlis
mier hormonis gaZlierebuli sekrecia) mqone adamianebSi
↑: gazrda ↓↓: Semcireba ━: ar icvleba
TRH TSH T3 T4
A ↑ ↑ ━ ↑

B ↑ ↑ ↑ ━
C ↓ ↓ ↑ ↑
D ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
E ↓ ↑ ↑ ↑

26. romeli receptoria/molekulaa saWiro T helper ujredis aqtivaciisTvis,

romelsac xelmZRvanelobs antigen warmdgeni ujredebi?
 1. CD8
2. CD4
3. MHC I klasis molekula
4. MHC II klasis molekula
5. T ujredis receptori
(A) mxolod 1, 3 da 5;
(B) mxolod 2, 4 da 5;
(C) mxolod 3, 4 da 5;
(D) mxolod 2 da 4;
(E) mxolod 1 da 3.

27. roca adamianebi kargaven sisxls swrafad, rogorc es xdeba

avtokatastrofebis dros, da maTi fiziologiuri parametrebi iqna maSinve
Seswavlili, CamoTvlili situaciebidan romeli ar xdeba?

(A) SardSi mcirdeba natirumis koncentracia;

(B) sisxlis moculoba mcirdeba, magram qsovilSida siTxe izrdeba;
(C) izrdeba sisxlZarRvebis winaaRmdegoba;
(D) sistroluri moculoba izrdeba, gulis wuTmoculoba izrdeba;
(E) mcirdeba sisxlis wiTeli ujredebis Tanafardoba sisxlSi.

28. figurebi asaxaven membranuli potencialis cvlilebas, romelic gazomilia

mgrZnobiare neironis 3 sxvadasxva adgilas (A, B, C) da neironis daboloebidan
neiromediatoris gamoTavisuiflebas, romdesac depolarizaciis eleqtruli
stimuli sxvadasvx intensivobiT iqna miyenebuli dendritze. figurebze
arsebuli informaciiaze dayrdnobiT amoirCieT swori mtkicebuleba.
1. membranuli potencialis cvlileba gamowveuli A saitSi proporciuli
iqneba dendritze miyenebuli eleqtruli stimulis intensiurobisa;
2. moqmedebis potencialis sixSire B saitSi aris damokidebeli A saitSi
modebuli denis stimulis xangrZlivobaze;
3. naklebsavaraudoa, rom aqsonis daboloebidan gamoyofili neiromediatoris
raodenoba damokidebulia C saitSi moqmedebis potencialis sixSirisa.

(A) mxolod 1
(B) mxolod 1 da 2
(C) mxolod 2
(D) mxolod 2 da 3
(E) 1, 2, da 3

29. ra mTavar funqcias asrulebs gastrulacia embrionis ganviTarebaSi?

A. embrionis dorso-lateralur RerZis warmoqmna;
B. uSualod aZlevs dasabams embrionis Canasaxovan furclebs;
C. dasabams aZlevs nervuli qedis ujredebs;
D. uSualod aZlevs dasabams endokrinul ujredebs;
E. uSualod aZlevs dasabams trofeqtodermas.
30. ZiriTadi faqtori, romelic gavlenas axdens danawevrebaze.
A. kvercxujredis citoplazmis Sefardeba birTvTan;
B. kvercxujredis membranis sisqe;
C. yviTris raodenobis Semcveloba;
D. zigotaSi mikromilakebis orientacia;
E. zigotis mTliani moculoba.

31. hipoTalamusi:
A. agzavnis nervul impulsebs da warmoqmnis hormonebs;
B. uSualod astimulirebs Tirkmelzeda hormons glukokortikoidebis
warmosaqmnelad;
C. miekuTvneba rogorc nervul aseve sisxlZarRvovan sistemas;
D. aregulirebs cirkadul ritmebs xerxemlianebSi.

32. CamoTvlilTagan romeli ar aris marTali limfuri sistemis Sesaxeb?

A. cilis koncentraciis da moculobis SenarCuneba sisxlSi;

B. exmareba sxeuls dacvaSi infeqciebis sawinaaRmdegod;

C. axdens cximis transports momnelebeli traqtidan sisxlis mimoqcevaSi;

D. limfis Sedgeniloba msgavsia Sinagani arisa;

E. limfa Caedineba pirdapir eqskretorul sistemaSi.

14
33. cxovelTa namarxebis asaki SesaZlebelia dadgindes maT ZvlebSi C-is
14
SemcvelobiT. rogor xdeba C dagroveba ZvlebSi?
a. sunTqvis dros darCenili CO2-is akumulaciiT ZvlebSi;
b. ZvlebSi CO2-s organul nivTierebebad gardaqmniT;
c. Zvlebis mier organuli nivierebebis moxmarebis da asimilaciis Sedegad.
34. garegani cvlilebebis aRqma xorcieldeba specialuri sensoruli
ujredebiT. maTi struqturuli kompozicia zustad Seesabameba maT funqcias. am
suraTebidan adamianis romeli receptori gaaqtiurdeba gaRizianebaze da
Sedegad daxuravs natriumis arxebs, rasac mivyavarT hiperpolarizaciasTan.

35. urTierTkavSiris orive wevris mier erTmaneTis mimarT uaryofiTi da

dadebiTi zegavlenidan gamomdinare biologiuri urTierTkavSiris mqone romeli
wyvili gavs erTmaneTs?
wyvilebi
A Tevzi klouni da marjnis fiTri da vaSlis xe
polipebi
B zRvis zRarbi da kutkalia da kalia
orsagdulianebi
C liqenebi da nekerCxali fiTri da muxa
D muxluxo da parazitoidi sakvebi mcenareebi da
krazana muxluxo
E HIV virusi da adamiani sokoebi da lpobadi xeebi

36. did Citebs (Parus major) romelebic binadroben tyeebsa (mWidro mcenareuli
safari) da WalaSi (laqobrivi mcenareuli safari) galobis sxvadasxva xasiaTi
aqvs. dadasturebulia, rom maRali sixSiris xma naklebad degradirebuli
xdeba gaSlil habitatSi, vidre mWidro mcenareuli safaris mqone
sacxovrebelSi. ganixileT Semdgi grafikebi, romlebic uCveneben 6
sacxovrebelidan didi Citebis WikWikis xasiaTs. romeli mtkicebulebaa swori?
 (A) galobis sixSiris naklebi variabelobaa damaxasiaTebeli dabali ganedis
regionebSi;
(B) tyis macxovreblebi ufro gansxvavdebian galobis sixSiriT, vidre
WalaSi macxovreblebi;
(C) tyis macxovreblebis galoba ufro mravalxmiania vidre Walis
macxovreblebis;
(D) galobis tipebis variacia ar aris dakavSirebuli sacxovrebelTan;
(E) Tu organizmi gadadis tyis sacxovreblidan Ria adgilebSi, galobis
variacia mis STamomavlebSi SesaZlebelia gaizardos.

37. hipoTezuri mwerebis saxeobebi xasiaTdebian poligineuri sistemiT,

romelSic mamrs SeuZlia Seejvaros ramdenime mdedrs, maSin roca mdedri
Sejvardeba mxolod erTxel. Sejvarebis sezonia Semodgoma. mTeli saxeobis
yvela zrdasruli individi iRupeba Sejvarebis sezonis damTavrebisTanave.
sqesTa Soris Tanafardobaa 1:1. Sejvarebis warmateba romelic ganisazRvreba,
mocemul sezonze Sejvarebis raodenobiT, Sedarebulia orivesTvis,
mdedrisTvis da mamrisTvis. romeli grafiki (A-E) aRwers yvelaze kargad
Sejvarebis warmatebis saSualo mniSvnelobas da gadaxrebs (variabelobas)
orivesTvis mdedrisTvis da mamrisTvis. muqi wertilebi gviCvenebs Sejvarebis
warmatebas, xolo xazebi ki gadaxris (variabelobis) farglebs.
38. frankma gaakeTa cxovelis k-dnm-s fragmentis subklonireba eqspresirebul
plazmidaSi. rekombinantuli cilis misaRebad rekombinantuli plazmida
gadatanili iqna baqteriaSi. ra aris ZiriTadi mizezi imisa, rom eqspresirebuli
cila ar funqcionirebs.

(A) gansxvaveba kodonebis gamoyenebaSia, baqteriasa da cxovels Soris;

(B) gansxvaveba cilis procesingSi, baqteriasa da cxovels Soris;
(C) baqteriebis sakvebi ares komponentebi;
(D) genis transkripciis modulatorebi;
(E) cilis sekreciis signali.
kiTxva A 39 da A 40 aris kiTxvaTa jgufi

39. Zlier daSorebul kunZulze, mecnierma aRmoaCina mcenaris axali saxeobebi,

romelic ikeTebs rogorc TeTr, ise lurj yvavilebs. es saxeobebi ZiriTadad
mwerebiT jvaredinmtveria mcenareebia. genetikuri analiziT naCvenebia, rom
TeTryvaviliani fenotipi aris recesiuli. statistikurma analizma aCvena, rom
kunZulze am mcenareebis 91 % aqvT lurji yvavili.
Tu SemTxveviTad SevarCevT or lurjyvavilian mcenares da SevajvarebT, ra
aris daaxloebiTi albaToba imisa, rom isini unarianni arian mogvcen
TeTryvaviliani F1 STamomavali?
(A) 0.09;
(B) 0.21;
(C) 0.42;
(D) 0.49;
(E) 0.91.

40. mecnierma, imisaTvis rom mieRo mutanturi populacia, zemoTnaxsenebi

homozigoturi lurjyvaviliani mcenaris Teslebi daamuSava qimiuri mutageniT.
SerCeuli iqna sami recesiul mutanti, wf1, wf2, da wf3, romelTac aqvT TeTri
yvavilebi. man Seajvara mutantebi da miiRo Semdegi: wf1 x wf3 miiReba F2 Taoba
mxolod TeTri yvavilebiT, da wf2 x wf3 miiReba F2 Taoba lurji da TeTri
yvavilebiT Semdegi TanafardobiT 9:7. am monacemebze dayrdnobiT romeli
mtkicebuleba ar aris swori?
(A) wf1 da wf3 ar arian erTmaneTis komplementurni;
(B) wf2 da wf3 arian erTmaneTis komplementurni;
(C) wf1 da wf3 aris erTi da igive lokusSi;
(D) wf2 da wf3 ar aris erTi da igive lokusSi;
(E) wf1 da wf2 SejvarebiT miRebul F1 TaobaSi yvelas yvavili iqneba TeTri.

41. biogeografiuli gamokvlevebiT dadginda, rom kontinentur kunZulebze

iseTive saxeobebis Semadgenlobaa - rogoric kontinentze, magram okeanur
kunZulebTan SedarebiT saxeobebis difenencirebis dabali xarisxia. Tu
SevadarebT okeaniis bioms (X) kontinenturi kunZulis (Y) bioms, CavTvaloT, rom
orives aqvs erTnairi farTobi da ganlagebulni arian erTnair ganedze, romeli
mtkicebuleba iqneba swori?

endemuri saxeobebis saerTo

saxeobebis raodenoba
Tanafardoba
A X<Y X>Y
B X>Y X>Y
C X>Y X<Y
D X<Y X<Y
E X=Y X<Y

42. qvemoT mocemuli suraTi aRniSnavs 5 sxvadasxva saxeobas (A – E)

ekosistemaSi. romelia qvakuTxedi – ZiriTadi – saxeoba?

43. biogeografiulma gamokvlevebma daadgines, rom kunZulebze xmeleTis

biomebis arseboba xSirad aris dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva organizmis
gavrcelebis da kolonizaciis unarTan. gavrcelebis da kolonizaciis unarze
dayrdnobiT, CamoTvlilTagan yvelaze meti albaTobiT romeli Segvxvdeba
tropikul, okeanur, didi teritoriis, mravali mTis, mWidrod ganlagebuli
mcenaruli safaris da saxeobebis didi mravalferovnebis mqone kunZulze?
 (A) moluskebi;
(B) frinvelebi;
(C) gvimrebi;
(D) amfibia;
(E) qvewarmavlebi.

44. mamri gupia sxeulze didi naTeli laqiT SesaZloa ufro ipyrobs mdedrebis
yurdRebas, rac zrdis mis gamravlebis SesaZleblobas. amasTan erTad, igi ufro
advili dasanaxi iqneba misi mtrisaTvisac, rac zrdis misi monadirebis risks.
mocemulia mamri gupiebi sami sxvadasxva mdinaridan X, Y da Z. mamrebs X
mdinaridan aqvT yvelaze didi laqa, Y mdinaridan saSualo zomis laqebi da Z
mdinaridan ki yvelaze patara laqebi. romeli mtkicebulebaa swori?

(A) mamri gupiebis simkvrive X mdinareSi maRalia, vidre sxvebSi;

(B) mamri gupiebis simkvrive Z mdinareSi maRalia, vidre sxvebSi;
(C) X mdinareSi gupiebis bunebrivi mtaceblis simkvrive maRalia, vidre
sxvebSi;
(D) Z mdinareSi gupiebis bunebrivi mtaceblis simkvrive maRalia, vidre
sxvebSi;
(E) mdedri gupiebis simkvrive X mdinareSi maRalia.

45. saxeoba M mravaljer iqna Seyvanili (ramdenime individi an mcire populacia)

ekosistemaSi, romelic ar aris misi bunebrivi gavrcelebis arealSi. saxeoba M
ver daimkvidra TavisiT Tavi ekosistemaSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom ekosistemis
arcerTi parametri ar Secvlila, bolo Seyvanam rogorc iqna gamoiRo Sedegi
da gamoiwvia saxeobis swrafi gavrceleba da eqspansia ekosistemaSi.
mtkicebulebebidan romeli xsnis yvelaze metad Tu ratom ver vrceldeboda
ekosistemaSi saxeoba bunebrivi gziT?

(A) ekosistemaSi aris saxeoba M-is konkurentebis didi raodenoba;

(B) ekosistemaSi aris saxeoba M-is mtaceblebis didi raodenoba;
 (C) saxeoba M –s ar SeuZlia TavisiT gavrceldes ekositemaSi;
(D) abioturi garemo ekosistemaSi ar aris gamosadegi saxeoba M-is
zrdisTvis;
(E) ekosistema xSirad aris areuli, rac SeuZlebels xdis saxeoba M-is
SenarCunebas.

46. tyis didi masivi gaCexes. CamoTvlili saxeobidan romelis mier iqna maSinve
dakavebuli gaCexili adgili?
(1) mravalwliani, (2) swrafad gamravlebadi, (3) swrafad zrdadi, (4) kargi
gavrcelebis Tvisebis mqone, (5) mtaceblebisa da bunebrivi mtrisagan kargi
dacvis mqone.
(A) mxolod 1, 2, 3;
(B) mxolod 1, 2, 5;
(C) mxolod 1, 4, 5;
(D) mxolod 2, 3, 4;
(E) mxolod 3, 4, 5.

47. cxrili A warmoadgens oTxi cxovelis niSan-Tvisebebis matriqss. cxrilSi

Setanili sidideebi aRniSnavs cxovelebis saerTo niSnebs maSin, roca erTnairi
sidideebiT aris warmodgenili (mag. 0, 0 an 1, 1) da gansxvavebuli niSnebs, maSin
roca cxrilSi Setanilia gansxvavebuli sidideebi (mag. 0 da 1)

cxrili A
niSani 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
cxoveli A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
cxoveli B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
cxoveli C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
cxoveli D 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

organizmebs Soris urTierTkavSiris dadgena SesaZloa msgavsebis xarisxis

safuZvelze, msgavsebis xarisxi ganizasRvreba koeficientiT S:
 საერთო თვისებების რაოდენობა
S=
(საერთო თვისებების რაოდენობა + განსხვავებული თვისებების რაოდენობა)

cxril A-Si warmodgenili matriqsis monacemebze dayrdnobiT romeli cxovels

aqvs yvelaze mWidro naTesauri kavSiri cxovel A-Tan, romels cxovel C-Tan?
pasuxi mogvawodeT qvemoT mocemuli formatiT: (cxoveli, romelsac yvelaze
mWidro naTesauri kavSiri aqvs cxovel A-Tan, cxoveli, romelsac yvelaze
mWidro naTesauri kavSiri aqvs cxovel C -Tan)

(A) (B，A)
(B) (B，B)
(C) (C，B)
(D) (C，A)
(E) (D，A)

48. mecnierma aRmoaCina oTxi saxeobis mcenaris namarxi (I-IV), romlebsac

dazianebis gareSe SenarCunebuli aqvT zogierTi mniSvnelovani struqtura,
romlebic Setanilia qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi:

struqtura spora naskvi Canasaxi mtvris qsilema Teslkvirti

marcvali

namarxi #
I √ √
II √ √ √ √
III √ √ √ √
IV √ √

cxrilis monacemebidan gamomdinare, romeli Tanmimdevroba asaxavs marTebulad

am mcenareebis evoluciis msvlelobas/ mimdinareobas? gzas?
 (A) I→II→III→IV
(B) II→III→IV→I
(C) III→IV→I→II
(D) IV→I→II→III
(E) II→I→IV→III
(F) IV→I→ III→II

49. fitoqromebi arseboben or izoformaSi, Pr da Pfr. sibneleSi isini

sinTezirdebian rogorc forma Pr, Semdeg wiTeli Suqis STanTqmisas (metad
efeqturia 660 nm) gadadis forma Pfr-Si. rodesac xdeba ganaTeba ufro grZeli
talRis mqone wiTeli sinaTliT, Pfr kvlav gadadis Pr-Si. aqedan gamomdinare,
qvemoT mocemuli grafikebidan romeli grafikebi gamosaxaven fitoqromis
STanTqmis speqtrs yvelaze zustad.
50. suraTze mocemulia ori foTlis Wrili (1 da 2), romelic sxvadasxva muxis
xidan iqna mopovebuli. CamonaTvalidan romeli maTgani xsnis ukeTesad
foTlebis aseT gansxvavebas?

A. muxa 1 izrdeboda Waobian adgilas; muxa 2 izrdeboda qviSian niadagze;

B. muxa 1 axalgazrda xea; muxa 2 zrdasruli xea;
C. muxa 1 izrdeba gamdidrebul niadagze; muxa 2 izrdeba mwir niadagze;
D. muxa 1 umeteswilad imyofeba mzis qveS; muxa 2 izrdeba CrdilSi;
E. muxa 1 inficirebulia sokoTi, rac iwvevs ujredebis proliferacias; muxa 2
ar aris inficirebuli.