მექანიკა 11111

$ 1. meqanikuri moZraoba. gadataniTi da brunviTi moZraoba.
nivTieri
wertili. aTvlis sxeuli. traeqtoria. gavlili manZili. gadaadgileba.
meqanika aris fizikis nawili, romelic Seiswavlis sxeulTa meqanikur

moZraobebs.
meqanikuri moZraoba aris sxeulis mdebareobis cvlileba sivrceSi sxva
sxeulebis mimarT raRac drois ganmavlobaSi .
meqanikis ZiriTadi amocanaa vipovoT sxeulis mdebareoba sivrceSi drois
nebismier momentSi
sxeuls, romlis mimarTac sxva sxeulis moZraoba an mdebareoba ganixileba,
aTvlis sxeuls uwodeben.
aTvlis sxeuli SeiZleba iyos nebismieri sxeuli. magaliTad: Senoba,
xe, moZravi matarebeli, varskvlavi, magram Cven unda avirCioT is sxeuli,
romelic ufro mosaxerxebelia yoveli konkretuli amocanis amosaxsnelad .
magaliTad, roca ganvixilavT matareblis moZraobas erTi sadguridan
meore sadguramde, aTvlis saTaved umjobesia avirCioT erT-erTi sadguri,
xolo rodesac ganvixilavT imave matarebelSi myofi mgzavris moZraobas,
aTvlis saTaved umjobesia avirCioT matarebelSi arsebuli romelime
uZravi sagani an Tavad matareblis romelime vagoni.
sxeulTa meqanikuri moZraobebis ganxilvisas, zog SemTxveveaSi
sxeulis zomebisa da formis gaTvaliswineba aucilebelia, xolo zog
SemTxvevaSi savaldebulo araa. magaliTad, rodesac gvainteresebs, ra
droSi Cafrindeba TviTmfrinavi Tbilisidan baTumSi, maSin TviTmfrinavis
zomebs mniSvneloba ara aqvs, xolo rodesac igive TviTmfrinavi dgas
aerodromze, maSin mis zomebs didi mniSvneloba e niWeba.
rodesac sxeulis zomebs mniSvneloba ar eniWeba, maSin am sxeuls
CaTvlian wertilad. am wertils nivTier wertils uwodeben.
sxeuls, romlis zoma moZraobis mocemul pirobebSi SgviZlia ugulebelvyoT,
nivTieri wertili ewodeba.
mocemuli pirobebi gulisxmobs, rom erTi da igive sxeuli erT
SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba CaiTvalos nivTier wertilad, xolo meore
SemTxvevaSi- ara.
sxeuli maSin CaiTvleba nivTier wertilad, Tu misi zomebi gacilebiT naklebia
gansaxilvel manZilTan SedarebiT. nivTier wertils aqvs sxeulis yvela Tviseba,
garda zomisa.
nivTieri wertili Tavisi SinaarsiT gansxvavdeba geometriuli
wertilisagan. geometriul wertils ar gaaCnia araviTari zoma.
sinamdvileSi bunebaSi araviTari nivTieri wertili ar arsebobs. misi
cneba Semotanilia mxolod imisTvis, rom SesaZlebloba gveqnes mravali
sakiTxis martivad gadawyvetis.
xSir SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saubaria sxeulis moZraobaze, sityva
“sxeulis’-s qveS igulisxmeba nivTieri wertilis moZraoba.
im warmosaxviT wirs, romelzec sxeuli moZraobs, traeqtoria ewodeba .
Tu moZravi sxeulis yvela wertili erTnairad moZraobs, anu Tu moZravi
sxeulis yvela wertilis traeqtoria erTnairia, maSin amboben, rom sxeuli
asrulebs gadataniT moZraobas.
traeqtoriis nawilis sigrZes, romelsac sxeuli gadis garkveuli drois
SualedSi, am drois SualedSi gavlili manZili anu gza ewodeba.
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amrigad, meqanikis amocana amoxsnilia, Tu gvecodineba aTvlis saTave,
traeqtoria da ganvlili manZili.
Zalian xSirad Zalze rTulia traeqtoriis povna (maTematikurad es
niSnavs, rom rTulia traeqtoriis gantolebis dawera) amitom mxolod
aTvlis saTaviTa da manZilis codniT Znelia meqanikis amocanis amoxsna.
mag. Tu viciT, rom mocemuli wertilidan sxeulma gaiara 155 metri, misi
povna Znelia (igi iqneba aTvlis saTavidan 155 metr radiusian wrewirze
sadRac), amitom SemoaqvT axali sidide, romelsac gadaadgileba ewodeba.
wrfis mimarTul monakveTs (veqtors), romelic sxeulis sawyis mdebareobas mis
saboloo mdebareobasTan aerTebs, gadaadgileba ewodeba.
magaliTad, Tu sxeuli 𝐴 wertilidan 𝐵
wertilSi gadaadgilda 𝐴𝑀𝐵 mrudwiriT, B
maSin misi gadaadgileba iqneba ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 M
veqtori, traeqtoria 𝐴𝑀𝐵 mrudi wiri,
xolo ganvlili manZili 𝐴𝑀𝐵 mrudi wiris 𝑠
sigrZe. A
aRsaniSnavia, rom Tu gvecodineba drois nebismier momentSi
gadaadgileba (gadaadgilebis veqtori), maSin meqanikis amocana amoxsnili
gveqneba. anu, Tu viciT 𝑠 ⃗ , viciT sawyisi wertili, anu saidanac moZraoba
daviwyeT (𝐴 wertili), viciT ra mimarTulebiT unda veZeboT sxeuli
(mimarTuleba 𝐴- dan 𝐵-sken) da viciT, Tu ra manZilzea mocemuli
mimarTulebiT sxeuli (𝐴𝐵⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ veqtoris sigrZe).
dasamaxsovrebeli momentebi:
1. meqanikuri moZraoba aris sxeulis mdebareobis cvlileba sivrceSi sxva
sxeulebis mimarT raRac drois ganmavlobaSi.
2. meqanikis ZiriTadi amocanaa vipovoT sxeulis mdebareoba sivrceSi drois
nebismier momentSi
3. sxeuls, romlis mimarTac sxva sxeulis moZraoba an mdebareoba ganixileba,
4. sxeuls, romlis zoma moZraobis mocemul pirobebSi SgviZlia
ugulebelvyoT, nivTieri wertili ewodeba.
5. sxeuli maSin CaiTvleba nivTier wertilad, Tu misi zomebi gacilebiT
naklebia gansaxilvel manZilTan SedarebiT. nivTier wertils aqvs sxeulis
yvela Tviseba, garda zomisa.
6. im warmosaxviT wirs, romelzec sxeuli moZraobs, traeqtoria ewodeba.
7. traeqtoriis nawilis sigrZes, romelsac sxeuli gadis garkveuli drois
SualedSi, am drois SualedSi gavlili manZili ewodeba.
8. meqanikis amocana amoxsnilia, Tu gvecodineba aTvlis saTave, traeqtoria
da ganvlili manZili.
9. wrfis mimarTul monakveTs (veqtors), romelic sxeulis sawyis mdebareobas
mis saboloo mdebareobasTan aerTebs, gadaadgileba ewodeba.
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1. amocanebi
1. qvemoT moyvanili mtkicebulebebidan romelia marTebuli gamonaTqvami?

fizika aris mecniereba...
a) ferebis Sesaxeb; b) teqnologiebis Sesaxeb;
g) kosmosis Sesaxeb; d) bunebis Sesaxeb
2. qvemoT moyvanili sityvebidan romeli aRniSnavs fizikur movlenas?
a) alumini; b) wyali; g) kilogrami; d) dnoba; e) saxazaviT gazomva
3. or bidonSi imyofeboda rZe. pirvel maTganSi rZe amJavda, meoreSi ki rZem
moiyena naRebi. romel bidonSi moxda fizikuri movlena?
a) pirvelSi; b) meoreSi; g) oriveSi; d) arc erT maTganSi
4. qvemoT CamoTvlili SemTxvevebidan romeli fi zikuri movlena (an
movlenebi) daikvirveba eleqtruli naTuris naTebis dros?
I. meqanikuri; II. siTburi; III. bgeriTi; IV. eleqtruli; V. sinaTlis
a) I, IV; b) II, V; g) II, IV, V; d) I, III, V; e) IV, V.
5. qvemoT CamoTvlili SemTxvevebidan romeli fizikuri movlena (an
movlenebi) daikvirveba SeSis wvis dros?
a) siTburi; b) meqanikuri; g) magnituri;
d) siTburi da sinaTlis; e) siTburi da meqanikuri
6. qvemoT CamoTvlili sityvebidan romeli aRniSnavs fizikur sxeuls?
a) sigrZe; b) moculoba; g) saswori; d) wva; e) wami
I. relsi; II. sila; III. asteroidi; IV. vercxliswyali; V. qaRaldi
a) II, IV; b) II, IV, V; g) I, II, III; d) I, II, V; e) I, III, V.
8. qvemoT CamoTvlili sityvebidan romeli aRniSnavs nivTierebas?
a) moZraoba; b) mTvare; g) yinuli; d) fanjara; e) wami
9. qvemoT CamoTvlili nivTierebebidan romeli ar moipoveba TavisTavad
bunebaSi?
I. sila; II. benzini; III. navTobi; IV. mina; V. rkina burTulebis saxiT
a) I, III; b) II, IV; g) I, III, V; d) I, II, V; e) II, IV, V.
10. qvemoT CamoTvlili, bunebaSi TavisTavad arsebuli romeli
nivTierebidanaa SesaZlebeli sadilis TefSis damzadeba?
a) faifuri; b) mina; g) alumini; d) broli; e) plastmasi
11. ris mixedviT vixdiT fuls taqsiT mgzavrobisas: gavlili manZilis Tu
gadaadgilebis?
a) gavlili manZilis b) gadaadgilebis
12. moZraobis traeqtoria ewodeba:
a) wirs, romelsac Semowers sxeuli moZraobisas
b) gzas, romelsac gadis sxeuli
g) sxeulis mier ganvlil manZils
13. ris mixedviT aris sxeulis moZraoba wrfivi an mrudwiruli:
a) gavlili manZilis
b) moZraobis traeqtoriis formis
g) gadaadgilebis
14. gadaadgileba aris mimarTulebis mqone monakveTi, romelic:
a) traeqtoriis gaswvriv aris mimarTuli
3
b) aerTebs sxeulis sawyis mdebareobas saboloosTan;
g) sididiT yovelTvis gavlili manZilis tolia
15. rodesac sxeulis sawyisi da saboloo wertilebi erTmaneTs emTxveva:
a) gadaadgilebis ricxviTi mniSvneloba utoldeba ganvlil manZils;
b) gadaadgileba nulis tolia
g) gadaadgileba orjer aRemateba ganvlil manZils
16. rodesac skolidan saxlSi midixarT, maSin
a) Tqven icvliT mdebareobas skolis mimarT, skola ar icvlis
mdebareobas Tqvens mimarT
b) Tqven icvliT mdebareobas skolis mimarT, skola icvlis
g) Tqven ar icvliT mdebareobas skolis mimarT, skola icvlis
d) Tqven da skola ar icvliT mdebareobas erTmaneTis mimarT
17. rodesac Tqven icvliT mdebareobas skolis mimarT, maSin:
a) Tqven moZraobT skolis mimarT, skola uZravia Tqvens mimarT
b) Tqven moZraobT skolis mimarT, skola moZraobs Tqvens mimarT
g) Tqven ar moZraobT skolis mimarT, skola moZraobs Tqvens mimarT
d) Tqven da skola erTmaneTis mimarT ar moZraobT
18. Tu gansasazRvria, ramden wuTSi Cava TviTmfrinavi Tbilisidan
quTaisSi, maSin
a) TviTmfrinavi nivTier wertilad SeiZleba CaiTvalos
b) TviTmfrinavi nivTier wertilad ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos
g) mxolod patara TviTmfrinavi SeiZleba CaiTvalos nivTier
wertilad
d) TviTmfrinavi, Cveni survilis mixedviT SeiZleba CavTvaloT
nivTier wertilad, SeiZleba ara.
19. Tbilisidan QquTaisSi mimavali TviTmfrinavi frenis procesSi:
a) nivTier wertilad SeiZleba CaiTvalos
b) nivTier wertilad ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos
g) SeiZleba CaiTvalos nivTier wertilad Tu patara zomisaa
20. rodesac amweTi sxeulis manqanaze dadeba surT, maSin sxeulis
gadataniTi moZraobisas:
a) is SeiZleba CaiTvalos nivTier wertilad
b) is ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos nivTier wertilad
g) is mxolod maSin SeiZleba CaiTvalos nivTier wertilad, rodesac
patara zomisaa
d) zogjer SeiZleba CaiTvalos, zogjer ara
21. 4 m simaRlidan Camovardnili burTi iatakidan axta da daWeril iqna 1
m simaRleze. ipoveT gavlili manZili da gadaadgilebis ricxviTi
mniSvneloba.
4
$ 1. meqanikuri moZraoba. gadataniTi da brunviTi moZraoba. nivTieri
wertili. aTvlis sxeuli. traeqtoria. gavlili manZili. gadaadgileba.
meqanika aris fizikis nawili, romelic Seiswavlis sxeulTa meqanikur

moZraobebs.
meqanikuri moZraoba aris sxeulis mdebareobis cvlileba sivrceSi sxva
sxeulebis mimarT raRac drois ganmavlobaSi .
meqanikis ZiriTadi amocanaa vipovoT sxeulis mdebareoba sivrceSi drois
nebismier momentSi
sxeuls, romlis mimarTac sxva sxeulis moZraoba an mdebareoba ganixileba,
aTvlis sxeuli SeiZleba iyos nebismieri sxeuli. magaliTad: Senoba,
xe, moZravi matarebeli, varskvlavi, magram Cven unda avirCioT is sxeuli,
romelic ufro mosaxerxebelia yoveli konkretuli amocanis amosaxsnelad .
magaliTad, roca ganvixilavT matareblis moZraobas erTi sadguridan
meore sadguramde, aTvlis saTaved umjobesia avirCioT erT-erTi sadguri,
xolo rodesac ganvixilavT imave matarebelSi myofi mgzavris moZraobas,
aTvlis saTaved umjobesia avirCioT matarebelSi arsebuli romelime
uZravi sagani an Tavad matareblis romelime vagoni.
sxeulTa meqanikuri moZraobebis ganxilvisas, zog SemTxveveaSi
sxeulis zomebisa da formis gaTvaliswineba aucilebelia, xolo zog
SemTxvevaSi savaldebulo araa. magaliTad, rodesac gvainteresebs, ra
droSi Cafrindeba TviTmfrinavi Tbilisidan baTumSi, maSin TviTmfrinavis
zomebs mniSvneloba ara aqvs, xolo rodesac igive TviTmfrinavi dgas
aerodromze, maSin mis zomebs didi mniSvneloba e niWeba.
rodesac sxeulis zomebs mniSvneloba ar eniWeba, maSin am sxeuls
CaTvlian wertilad. am wertils nivTier wertils uwodeben.
sxeuls, romlis zoma moZraobis mocemul pirobebSi SgviZlia ugulebelvyoT,
nivTieri wertili ewodeba.
mocemuli pirobebi gulisxmobs, rom erTi da igive sxeuli erT
SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba CaiTvalos nivTier wertilad, xolo meore
SemTxvevaSi- ara.
sxeuli maSin CaiTvleba nivTier wertilad, Tu misi zomebi gacilebiT naklebia
gansaxilvel manZilTan SedarebiT. nivTier wertils aqvs sxeulis yvela Tviseba,
garda zomisa.
nivTieri wertili Tavisi SinaarsiT gansxvavdeba geometriuli
wertilisagan. geometriul wertils ar gaaCnia araviTari zoma.
sinamdvileSi bunebaSi araviTari nivTieri wertili ar arsebobs. misi
cneba Semotanilia mxolod imisTvis, rom SesaZlebloba gveqnes mravali
sakiTxis martivad gadawyvetis.
xSir SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saubaria sxeulis moZraobaze, sityva
“sxeulis’-s qveS igulisxmeba nivTieri wertilis moZraoba.
im warmosaxviT wirs, romelzec sxeuli moZraobs, traeqtoria ewodeba .
Tu moZravi sxeulis yvela wertili erTnairad moZraobs, anu Tu moZravi
sxeulis yvela wertilis traeqtoria erTnairia, maSin amboben, rom sxeuli
asrulebs gadataniT moZraobas.
traeqtoriis nawilis sigrZes, romelsac sxeuli gadis garkveuli drois
SualedSi, am drois SualedSi gavlili manZili anu gza ewodeba.
1
amrigad, meqanikis amocana amoxsnilia, Tu gvecodineba aTvlis saTave,
traeqtoria da ganvlili manZili.
Zalian xSirad Zalze rTulia traeqtoriis povna (maTematikurad es
niSnavs, rom rTulia traeqtoriis gantolebis dawera) amitom mxolod
aTvlis saTaviTa da manZilis codniT Znelia meqanikis amocanis amoxsna.
mag. Tu viciT, rom mocemuli wertilidan sxeulma gaiara 155 metri, misi
povna Znelia (igi iqneba aTvlis saTavidan 155 metr radiusian wrewirze
sadRac), amitom SemoaqvT axali sidide, romelsac gadaadgileba ewodeba.
wrfis mimarTul monakveTs (veqtors), romelic sxeulis sawyis mdebareobas mis
saboloo mdebareobasTan aerTebs, gadaadgileba ewodeba.
magaliTad, Tu sxeuli 𝐴 wertilidan 𝐵
wertilSi gadaadgilda 𝐴𝑀𝐵 mrudwiriT, B
maSin misi gadaadgileba iqneba ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 M
veqtori, traeqtoria 𝐴𝑀𝐵 mrudi wiri,
xolo ganvlili manZili 𝐴𝑀𝐵 mrudi wiris 𝑠
sigrZe. A
aRsaniSnavia, rom Tu gvecodineba drois nebismier momentSi
gadaadgileba (gadaadgilebis veqtori), maSin meqanikis amocana amoxsnili
gveqneba. anu, Tu viciT 𝑠 ⃗ , viciT sawyisi wertili, anu saidanac moZraoba
daviwyeT (𝐴 wertili), viciT ra mimarTulebiT unda veZeboT sxeuli
(mimarTuleba 𝐴- dan 𝐵-sken) da viciT, Tu ra manZilzea mocemuli
mimarTulebiT sxeuli (𝐴𝐵⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ veqtoris sigrZe).
1. meqanikuri moZraoba aris sxeulis mdebareobis cvlileba sivrceSi sxva
sxeulebis mimarT raRac drois ganmavlobaSi.
2. meqanikis ZiriTadi amocanaa vipovoT sxeulis mdebareoba sivrceSi drois
nebismier momentSi
3. sxeuls, romlis mimarTac sxva sxeulis moZraoba an mdebareoba ganixileba,
4. sxeuls, romlis zoma moZraobis mocemul pirobebSi SgviZlia
ugulebelvyoT, nivTieri wertili ewodeba.
5. sxeuli maSin CaiTvleba nivTier wertilad, Tu misi zomebi gacilebiT
naklebia gansaxilvel manZilTan SedarebiT. nivTier wertils aqvs sxeulis
yvela Tviseba, garda zomisa.
6. im warmosaxviT wirs, romelzec sxeuli moZraobs, traeqtoria ewodeba.
7. traeqtoriis nawilis sigrZes, romelsac sxeuli gadis garkveuli drois
SualedSi, am drois SualedSi gavlili manZili ewodeba.
8. meqanikis amocana amoxsnilia, Tu gvecodineba aTvlis saTave, traeqtoria
da ganvlili manZili.
9. wrfis mimarTul monakveTs (veqtors), romelic sxeulis sawyis mdebareobas
mis saboloo mdebareobasTan aerTebs, gadaadgileba ewodeba.
2
1. amocanebi
1. qvemoT moyvanili mtkicebulebebidan romelia marTebuli gamonaTqvami?

fizika aris mecniereba...
a) ferebis Sesaxeb; b) teqnologiebis Sesaxeb;
g) kosmosis Sesaxeb; d) bunebis Sesaxeb
2. qvemoT moyvanili sityvebidan romeli aRniSnavs fizikur movlenas?
a) alumini; b) wyali; g) kilogrami; d) dnoba; e) saxazaviT gazomva
3. or bidonSi imyofeboda rZe. pirvel maTganSi rZe amJavda, meoreSi ki rZem
moiyena naRebi. romel bidonSi moxda fizikuri movlena?
a) pirvelSi; b) meoreSi; g) oriveSi; d) arc erT maTganSi
4. qvemoT CamoTvlili SemTxvevebidan romeli fi zikuri movlena (an
movlenebi) daikvirveba eleqtruli naTuris naTebis dros?
I. meqanikuri; II. siTburi; III. bgeriTi; IV. eleqtruli; V. sinaTlis
a) I, IV; b) II, V; g) II, IV, V; d) I, III, V; e) IV, V.
5. qvemoT CamoTvlili SemTxvevebidan romeli fizikuri movlena (an
movlenebi) daikvirveba SeSis wvis dros?
a) siTburi; b) meqanikuri; g) magnituri;
d) siTburi da sinaTlis; e) siTburi da meqanikuri
a) sigrZe; b) moculoba; g) saswori; d) wva; e) wami
I. relsi; II. sila; III. asteroidi; IV. vercxliswyali; V. qaRaldi
a) II, IV; b) II, IV, V; g) I, II, III; d) I, II, V; e) I, III, V.
8. qvemoT CamoTvlili sityvebidan romeli aRniSnavs nivTierebas?
a) moZraoba; b) mTvare; g) yinuli; d) fanjara; e) wami
9. qvemoT CamoTvlili nivTierebebidan romeli ar moipoveba TavisTavad
bunebaSi?
I. sila; II. benzini; III. navTobi; IV. mina; V. rkina burTulebis saxiT
a) I, III; b) II, IV; g) I, III, V; d) I, II, V; e) II, IV, V.
10. qvemoT CamoTvlili, bunebaSi TavisTavad arsebuli romeli
nivTierebidanaa SesaZlebeli sadilis TefSis damzadeba?
a) faifuri; b) mina; g) alumini; d) broli; e) plastmasi
11. ris mixedviT vixdiT fuls taqsiT mgzavrobisas: gavlili manZilis Tu
gadaadgilebis?
a) gavlili manZilis b) gadaadgilebis
12. moZraobis traeqtoria ewodeba:
a) wirs, romelsac Semowers sxeuli moZraobisas
b) gzas, romelsac gadis sxeuli
g) sxeulis mier ganvlil manZils
13. ris mixedviT aris sxeulis moZraoba wrfivi an mrudwiruli:
a) gavlili manZilis
b) moZraobis traeqtoriis formis
g) gadaadgilebis
14. gadaadgileba aris mimarTulebis mqone monakveTi, romelic:
a) traeqtoriis gaswvriv aris mimarTuli
3
b) aerTebs sxeulis sawyis mdebareobas saboloosTan;
g) sididiT yovelTvis gavlili manZilis tolia
15. rodesac sxeulis sawyisi da saboloo wertilebi erTmaneTs emTxveva:
a) gadaadgilebis ricxviTi mniSvneloba utoldeba ganvlil manZils;
b) gadaadgileba nulis tolia
g) gadaadgileba orjer aRemateba ganvlil manZils
16. rodesac skolidan saxlSi midixarT, maSin
a) Tqven icvliT mdebareobas skolis mimarT, skola ar icvlis
b) Tqven icvliT mdebareobas skolis mimarT, skola icvlis
g) Tqven ar icvliT mdebareobas skolis mimarT, skola icvlis
d) Tqven da skola ar icvliT mdebareobas erTmaneTis mimarT
17. rodesac Tqven icvliT mdebareobas skolis mimarT, maSin:
a) Tqven moZraobT skolis mimarT, skola uZravia Tqvens mimarT
b) Tqven moZraobT skolis mimarT, skola moZraobs Tqvens mimarT
g) Tqven ar moZraobT skolis mimarT, skola moZraobs Tqvens mimarT
d) Tqven da skola erTmaneTis mimarT ar moZraobT
18. Tu gansasazRvria, ramden wuTSi Cava TviTmfrinavi Tbilisidan
quTaisSi, maSin
a) TviTmfrinavi nivTier wertilad SeiZleba CaiTvalos
b) TviTmfrinavi nivTier wertilad ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos
g) mxolod patara TviTmfrinavi SeiZleba CaiTvalos nivTier
wertilad
19. Tbilisidan QquTaisSi mimavali TviTmfrinavi frenis procesSi:
a) nivTier wertilad SeiZleba CaiTvalos
b) nivTier wertilad ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos
g) SeiZleba CaiTvalos nivTier wertilad Tu patara zomisaa
20. rodesac amweTi sxeulis manqanaze dadeba surT, maSin sxeulis
gadataniTi moZraobisas:
a) is SeiZleba CaiTvalos nivTier wertilad
b) is ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos nivTier wertilad
g) is mxolod maSin SeiZleba CaiTvalos nivTier wertilad, rodesac
patara zomisaa
d) zogjer SeiZleba CaiTvalos, zogjer ara
21. 4 m simaRlidan Camovardnili burTi iatakidan axta da daWeril iqna 1
m simaRleze. ipoveT gavlili manZili da gadaadgilebis ricxviTi
mniSvneloba.
4
№ 4. manZilisa da siCqaris droze damokidebulebis grafikebi
wrfivi Tanabari moZraobis dros
wrfivi Tanabari moZraobis dros sxeulis koordinatis droze da-
mokidebuleba mocemulia formuliT:
𝑥 = 𝑥0 + 𝑣𝑥 𝑡
sadac, 𝑥0 aris sawyisi koordinati da igi mudmiv sidides warmoadgens.
𝑣𝑥 -sxeulis siCqaris gegmilia (proeqcia) 𝑂𝑋 sakoordinato RerZze da
misi mniSvneloba aseve mudmivi sididea. rac
Seexeba 𝑥 da 𝑡-s isini cvladi sidideebia. 𝑋
𝑣𝑥 > 0
Tu avagebT koordinatis droze damokidebu-
lebis grafiks, miviRebT wrfes, romelic
koordinatTa saTavidan daSorebulia 𝑥0 er- 𝑥0 𝑣𝑥 < 0
TeuliT (nax. 1). zrdadia, roca 𝑣𝑥 > 0 (sxe- 𝑂

nax. 𝑡
ulma moZraoba daiwyo sakoordinato RerZis
saTavis marjvniv mdebare wertilidan (𝑥0 > 0) da moZraobs koordinatTa
RerZis mimarTulebiT (nax. 2)), xolo klebadia, roca 𝑣𝑥 < 0 (sxeulma
moZraoba daiwyo sakoordinato RerZis saTavis marjvniv mdebare werti-
lidan (𝑥0 > 0) da sxeuli moZraobs koordinatTa RerZis sawinaaRmdegod
(nax. 3)).
𝑣⃗ 𝑣⃗
𝑂 𝑥0 𝑂 𝑥0
𝑋 𝑋
nax 2 𝑣𝑥 > 0 𝑣𝑥 < 0 nax 3
Tu sxeulma moZraoba daiwyo aTvlis

saTavidan, maSin koordinatis droze damo- 𝑋
𝑣𝑥 > 0
kidebulebis grafiki aris koordinatTa sa-
Tavidan gamomavali wrfe (nax. 4.) zrda-
𝑂
dia, roca 𝑣𝑥 > 0 (sxeulma moZraoba daiwyo
𝑥0 = 0 𝑡
sakoordinato RerZis saTavidan da moZra- 𝑣𝑥 < 0 nax.
obs koordinatTa RerZis mimarTulebiT (nax. 5)), xolo klebadia, roca
𝑣𝑥 < 0 (sxeulma moZraoba daiwyo sakoordinato RerZis saTavidan da moZ-
raobs koordinatTa RerZis sawinaaRmdegod (nax. 6)).
𝑣⃗ 𝑣⃗
𝑂 𝑂
𝑥0 = 0 𝑋 𝑥0 = 0 𝑋
nax 5 𝑣𝑥 > 0 nax 6 𝑣𝑥 < 0
Tu sxeulma moZraoba daiwyo aTvlis saTavis marcxniv mdebare
wertilidan, maSin koordinatis droze
𝑋
𝑣𝑥 > 0
damokidebulebis grafiki warmoadgens
𝑂
wrfes, romelic koordinatTa saTavidan da-
𝑡
Sorebulia 𝑥0 erTeuliT (nax. 7). zrdadia,
𝑥0 𝑣𝑥 < 0
roca 𝑣𝑥 > 0 (sxeulma moZraoba daiwyo sako-
ordinato RerZis saTavis marcxniv mdebare nax.
wertilidan (𝑥0 > 0) da moZraobs koordinatTa RerZis mimarTulebiT (nax.
8)), xolo klebadia, roca 𝑣𝑥 < 0 (sxeulma moZraoba daiwyo sakoordina-
to RerZis saTavis marcxniv mdebare wertilidan (𝑥0 > 0) da sxeuli moZ-
raobs koordinatTa RerZis sawinaaRmdegod (nax. 9)).
𝑣⃗ 𝑣⃗
𝑥0 𝑂 𝑥0 𝑂
𝑋 𝑋
𝑣𝑥 > 0 nax 8 𝑣𝑥 < 0 nax 9
garda koordinatis droze damokidebulebis grafikisa, xSirad
sargebloben siCqaris droze damokidebulebis grafikebiTac. wrfivi
Tanabari moZraobis dros siCqaris droze
𝑣𝑥 damokidebulebis grafiki warmoadgens wrfes,
𝑣𝑥 > 0
I romelic droTa RerZis paraleluria.
𝑂
I grafiki Seesabameba im SemTxvevas,
𝑡
𝑣𝑥 < 0
roca siCqaris proeqcia dadebiTia, xolo II
II
nax. grafiki Seesabameba im SemTxvevas, roca
siCqaris proeqcia uaryofiTia (nax. 10).
koordinatis droze damokidebulebis 𝑋 𝑣1𝑥 I 𝑣1𝑥 > 𝑣2𝑥
II
grafikis mixedviT SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva
𝑣2𝑥
sxeulTa siCqareTa proeqciebis Sedareba.
ramdenadac wrfivi Tanabari moZraobis
dros koordinatis droze damokidebulebis
𝑂 𝑡
grafiki aris wrfe, amitom wrfivi funqciis nax.
Tvisebidan gamomdinare, rac ufro daxrilia wrfe, miT ufro metia
siCqaris proeqcia nax. 11.)
siCqaris grafikis meSveobiT SesaZlebelia gadaadgilebis ricxviTi
mniSvnelobis povna.
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom 𝑠𝑥 = 𝑣𝑥 𝑡, maSin raime 𝑡0 droSi
Sesrulebuli gadaadgilebis ricxviTi mniSvneloba im marTkuTxedis
farTobis tolia, romelic marcxnidan SemosazRvrulia 𝑡=0 wrfiT,
marjvnidan 𝑡 = 𝑡0 wrfiT, xolo danarCen or gverds siCqaris grafiki da
drois RerZi warmoadgens (nax. 12; 13)
𝑣𝑥 𝑣𝑥 𝑣𝑥 > 0
𝑣𝑥 > 0
𝑡0
𝑠𝑥 = 𝑣𝑥 𝑡 𝑂
𝑂 |𝑠𝑥 | = |𝑣𝑥 |𝑡 𝑡
𝑡0 𝑡
nax. 12 nax. 13
amocanebi
1. gamoiyeneT grafikze mocemuli informacia da (m)

gansazRvreT siCqaris gegmili
a) m/wm b) m/wm g) m/wm

d) m/wm e) m/wm v) m/wm
(wm)
2. samma sxeulma Tanabari moZraobiT gaiara erTi da igive manZili. am

sxeulTa siCqareebi miTiTebulia naxazze. qvemoT moyvanili
Tanafardobebidan romeli Seesabameba aRniSnul moZraobebs?
𝑣1 = 36 sm/sT 𝑣2 = 0,01 m/wm 𝑣3 = 10 mm/wm
a) 𝑡2 = 𝑡3 > 𝑡1 ; b) 𝑡2 = 𝑡3 < 𝑡1 ; g) 𝑡1 > 𝑡3 > 𝑡2 ; d) 𝑡3 > 𝑡1 > 𝑡2 ; e) 𝑡1 = 𝑡2 = 𝑡3

3. naxazze mocemulia koordinatis droze
damokidebulebis grafikebi sami sxeulisaTvis.
CamoTvlili Tanafardobebidan romeli Seesabameba
aRniSnul moZraobebs?
a) 𝑣1 > 𝑣2 > 𝑣3 b) 𝑣1 < 𝑣2 < 𝑣3

g) 𝑣1 = 𝑣2 < 𝑣3 d) 𝑣1 = 𝑣3 > 𝑣2
e) 𝑣1 = 𝑣2 > 𝑣3
4. 10 m/wm mudmivi siCqariT moZravi avtomobili 30 wm-Si gadis imave manZils,
rasac meore avtomobili 20 wm-Si. ra siCqariT moZraobs meore
avtomobili?
a) 15 m/wm b) 6 m/wm g) 30 m/wm d) 10 m/wm g) 20 m/wm
5. bgera haerSi wm-Si daaxloebiT 340 m-s gadis, e. i. haerSi misi gavrcelebis
siCqarea
a) 340 m/wm b) 0,034 km/wm g) 3,4 km/wm d) arc erTi pasuxi araa swori
6. rodesac Tanabrad moZravi matareblis siCqaris moduli 1200 m/wT-ia, maSin
is 1 wm-Si gadis:
a) 20 m-s b) 0,2 km-s g) 1,2 km-s d) 2 m-s
7. 20 m/wm siCqariT Tanabrad moZravi matarebeli 0,4 wT-Si gadis:
a) 480 m-s b) 50 m-s g) 8 m-s d) arc erTi pasuxi araa swori
8. rodesac avtomobilma gzis wrfivi 𝐴𝐵, 𝐵𝐶 da 𝐶𝐷 ubnebi drois tol
SualedebSi dafara, maSin misi siCqare
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐷
a) samive ubanze erTmaneTis tolia b) udidesia 𝐴𝐵 ubanze

g) udidesia 𝐵𝐶 ubanze d) udidesia 𝐶𝐷 ubanze
9. sxeulis siCqaris modulis droze 𝑣 (m/wm)
damokidebulebis grafikis meSveobiT vadgenT, rom
sxeulis mier 4 wm-Si gavlili manZilia:
a) 10 m b) 20 m g) 40 m d) 80 m
(wm)
10. sxeulis siCqaris modulis droze 𝑣 (m/wm)

damokidebulebis grafikis meSveobiT vadgenT, rom
I sxeulis mier 4 wm-Si gavlili manZili II
sxeulis mier imave droSi gavlil manZilze:
a) orjer metia
(wm)
b) orjer naklebia P
g) oTxjer metia
d) dadgena SeuZlebelia
11. ori sxeulis gavlili manZilis droze 𝑥 (m)
damokidebulebis grafikebis meSveobiT vadgenT,
5
rom pirveli sxeulis siCqaris moduli meorisaze: 4
3
a) orjer metia b) orjer naklebia
2
g) oTxjer metia d) dadgena SeuZlebelia 1
2 4 6 8 (wm)
12. ori sxeulis gavlili manZilis droze 𝑥 (m)
damokidebulebis grafikebis meSveobiT vadgenT,
5
rom erTsa da imave drois SualedSi pirveli 4
3
sxeuli:
2
a) meore sxeulze nakleb manZils gadis 1
b) meore sxeulze met manZils gadis 1 2 3 4 (wm)
g) orive sxeulebi tol manZilebs gadian
d) dadgena SeuZlebelia
13. mocemuli formulebidan sworad ar aris Cawerili:
𝑠 𝑣 𝑠
a) 𝑣 = b) 𝑡 = g) 𝑠 = 𝑣𝑡 d) 𝑡 =
𝑡 𝑠 𝑣
14. Tu Tanabrad moZravi sxeuli 1 sT-Si gadis 60 km-s, maSin is 5 wT-Si

gaivlis:
a) 25 km-s b) 12 km-s g) 5 km-s d) 1 km-s
15. Tu Tqvengan 167 m-iT daSorebulma megobarma Tqveni xma daZaxebidan 0,5 wm-
Si gaigona, maSin bgeris siCqare haerSi aris:
a) 334 m/wm b) 334 wm/m g) 0,03 wm/m d) 12024 km/sT
16. 10 m/wm mudmivi siCqariT moZravi 120 m sigrZis matarebeli 630 m sigrZis
xidze gadava
a) 12 wm-Si b) 63 wm-Si g) 75 wm-Si d) arc erTi pasuxi araa swori
17. Tanabrad moZravma sxeulma gasavleli gzis bolo meoTxedi gaiara 2,5 wm-
Si. ra drois ganmavlobaSi gaiara sxeulma mTeli gza?
a) 7,5 wm b) 10 wm g) 5 wm d) 0,625 wm e) 12,5 wm
18. naxazze mocemulia romeliRac sxeulis 𝑣𝑥 მ/წმ
siCqaris proeqciis droze
damokidebulebis grafiki. gansazRvreT am 3
sxeulis gadaadgilebis proeqcia
moZraobis dawyebidan 5 wm-is Semdeg.
a) 5 m b) 3 m g) −1 m 0
3 5 𝑡 wm
d) 9 m e) 15 m
–3
19. naxazis mixedviT dawereT TiToeuli
𝑥 (m)
sxeulis koordinatis droze
damokidebulebis gantoleba
6
4
2
0 2 4 6 8 (wm)
−2
−4
20. koordinatis cvlilebis grafikis

𝑥 (m)
gamoyenebiT gansazRvreT sxeulis
moZraobis siCqare. gamoTvaleT grafikis
30
droTa RerZis mimarT daxris kuTxis 20
tangensi da SeadareT siCqaris 10
mniSvnelobas. 0 2 4 6 8 10 (wm)
21. dakvirvebis dawyebamde 2 wm-iT adre nivTieri wertili imyofeboda 𝑥1 = −6

wertilSi, xolo 1 wamis Semdeg koordinatTa saTaveSi. aageT koordinatis
cvlilebis grafiki da gansazRvreT nivTieri wertilis siCqare.
22. SeadreT naxazze mocemuli I da II sxeulis
𝑣𝑥 (m/წმ)
moZraobebi. ipoveT TiToeuli maTganis mier
3 wamSi gavlili manZili 2
1 2 3 4 (wm)
−2
−4
№5 moZraobis fardobiToba. siCqareTa Sekreba
sxeulis mdebareoba sivrceSi yovelTvis mocemulia romeliRac sxva
sxeulis mimarT, romelsac aTvlis sxeuls uwodeben. Tu aTvlis sxeulze
davamagrebT koordinatTa RerZebs da avirCevT drois aTvlis dasawyiss,
miviRebT aTvlis sistemas. aTvlis sxeulad SeiZleba avirCioT nebismieri
sxeuli. Sesabamisad Tu maTze davamagrebT sakoodinato RerZebs da
avirCevT drois aTvlis Ddasawyiss, gveqneba sxvadasxva aTvlis sistema.
maSin erTi da igive sxeulis mdebareoba sxvadasxva aTvlis sistemis mimarT
iqneba sruliad sxvadasxva. am SemTxvevaSi ityvian, rom sxeulis mdebareoba
fardobiTia (nax.1)
𝑍1
𝑂1
𝑍2 𝑋1
𝑂 𝑌1
𝑀 𝑋
𝑌 𝑂2
nax.1.
𝑋2
𝑌2
naxazze erTi da igive 𝑀 sxeulis mdebareoba mocemulia sami sxvadasxva

koordinatTa sistemis (𝑂𝑋𝑌𝑍; 𝑂1 𝑋1 𝑌1 𝑍1 da 𝑂2 𝑋2 𝑌2 𝑍2 ) mimarT
sxeulis mdebareoba fardobiTia niSnavs, rom sxeulis mdebareoba
sxvadasxvaa aTvlis sxvadasxva sxeulisa da am sxeulebTan dakavSirebul
aTvlis sxvadasxva sistemis mimarT.
magram fardobiTia ara marto sxeulis mdebareoba, aramed moZraobac.
moZraoba xasiaTdeba siCqariT, e. i. rodesac saubaria moZraobis
fardobiTobaze, igulisxmeba, rom sxeulis siCqare sxvadasxvaa aTvlis
sxvadasxva sistemis mimarT. marTlac, rodesac ganvixilavT matareblis
vagonSi mjdom or mgzavrs, isini uZravi arian erTmaneTis mimar T, magram
orive maTgani moZraobs dedamiwze uZravad myofi damkvirveblis mimarT.
moZraobis fardobiToba ganvixiloT konkretuli magaliTis
ganxilviT.
davuSvaT mcuravs surs gadalaxos mdinare napiris marTobuli
mimarTulebiT mudmivi siCqariT. mdinare miedineba horizontaluri
mimarTulebiT aseve mudmivi siCqariT. mcuravs akvirdeba ori
damkvirvebeli. erTi napirze myofi uZravi damkvirvebeli da meore, navSi
myofi damkvirvebeli (romelsac davarqvaT moZravi damkvirvebeli). navi
niCbebis gareSe miyveba mdinares, anu mdinaris dinebis mimarTulebiT
mudmivi siCqariT moZraobs (romelic mdinaris dinebis siCqaris tolia)
(nax. 2)
𝑌
𝑌1 𝑌1
𝑌1
𝑌1
𝐶
𝐵
𝑆⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗2
𝑆
𝐴
𝑂1 𝑂1 𝑂1
𝑂1
𝑂1 ⃗⃗⃗⃗1
𝑆 𝑋1
𝑂 𝑋
nax. 2
CavTvaloT, rom drois aTvlis dasawyisSi (maTematikuRad 𝑡 = 0 momentSi)
mcuravi, navSi myofi damkvirvebeli da xmeleTze myofi damkvirvebeli 𝑂𝑌
RerZze imyofebian. xmeleTze myofi damkvirvebeli SeamCnevs, rom mcuravi
moZraobs 𝑂1 𝐶 wrfis gaswvriv. navSi myofi damkvirveblisTvis mcuravi 𝑂1 𝑌1
RerZis gaswvriv gadaadgildeba (navic da mcuravic mdinares
horizontaluri mimarTulebiT erTnairad miyavs). naxazidan Cans, rom
𝑆⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑆1 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑆2
sadac 𝑆⃗ aris moZravi sxeulis (mcuravis) gadaadgileba uZravi sistemis
mimarT, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑆1 aris moZravi damkvirveblis (navSi myofi damkvirveblis)
gadaadgileba uZravi sistemis (napirze myofi damkvirveblis) mimarT, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑆2
aris moZravi sxeulis (mcuravis) gadaadgileba moZravi damkvirveblis
mimarT.
tolobis orive mxare gavyoT 𝑡 droze, miviRebT:
𝑆⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑆1 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑆2 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑆1 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑆2
= = +
𝑡 𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom gadaadgilebis fardoba drosTan aris siCqare,
maSin miviRebT:
⃗⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑉 𝑉1 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑉2
sadac
⃗⃗
⃗⃗ = 𝑆 aris moZravi sxeulis siCqare uZravi sistemis mimarT
𝑉 𝑡
𝑆⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑉1 = 𝑡1 aris moZravi damkvirveblis siCqare uZravi damkvirveblis mimarT
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑆
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑉2 = 𝑡2 aris moZravi sxeulis siCqare moZravi damkvirveblis mimarT
miviReT siCqareTa Sekrebis kanoni:
sxeulis siCqare uZravi damkvirveblis (𝑉 ⃗⃗) mimarT tolia ori siCqaris
geometriuli jamis: moZravi damkvirveblis siCqares uZravi damkvirveblis
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ) damatebuli moZravi sxeulis siCqare moZravi damkvirveblis
mimarT (𝑉
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗2 )
mimarT (𝑉
ganvixiloT konkretuli magaliTi:
amocana: davuSvaT erTmaneTis mimarT wrfivad da Tanabrad Semxvedri
mimarTulebiT moZraobs ori sxeuli. pirveli sxeulis siCqare iyos
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗,
𝑣1 xolo meore sxeulis siCqare iyos ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗.
𝑣2 es siCqareebi mocemulia
dedamiwasTan dakavSirebul AaTvlis sistemaSi. vipovoT meore
sxeulis siCqare pirveli sxeulis mimarT.
amoxsna: simartivisaTvis moZraoba warmovidginoT naxazis saxiT.
𝑣2
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ II
𝑂1 I 𝑣
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1
𝑋1
𝑂 𝑣2𝑥 < 0
𝑣1𝑥 > 0 𝑋
nax.3.
dedamiwasTan davakavSiroT 𝑂𝑋 RerZi (uZravi sistema). radgan gvekiTxebian
II sxeulis siCqares I sxeulis mimarT, amitom moZrav sistemad unda
avirCioT I sxeuli. davukavSiroT mas 𝑂1 𝑋1 RerZi (moZravi sistema). wesSi
naxsenebi sxeuli iqneba II sxeuli. orive RerZi mivmarToT moZraobis
gaswvriv (radgan moZraoba erTi wrfis gaswvrivaa mimarTuli, amitom aRar
aris saWiro sxva sakoordinato RerZebi).
davweroT siCqareTa Sekrebis kanoni
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑣 𝑣1 + 𝑣⃗⃗
(es formula iwereba siCqareTa Sekrebis wesis mixedviT).
rogorc viciT, raodenobriv, anu ricxviT mniSvnelobebze gadasasvlelad
unda ganvixiloT veqtoruli sidideebis gegmilebi RerZebze (proeqciebi)
Cvens mier arCeul aTvlis sistemaSi, gveqneba:
𝑣2𝑥 = 𝑣1𝑥 + 𝑣𝑥
saidanac:
𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣2𝑥 − 𝑣1𝑥
naxazidan Cans, rom 𝑣1𝑥 = 𝑣1 , xolo 𝑣2𝑥 = −𝑣2 . e. i.
𝑣𝑥 = −𝑣2 − 𝑣1 = −(𝑣2 + 𝑣1 )
aq “–“ niSani miuTiTebs, rom II sxeulis siCqare I sxeulis moZraobis
sawinaaRmdegodaa mimarTuli. rac Seexeba sidides:
𝑣 = 𝑣1 + 𝑣2
analogiuri msgelobebiT miviRebT, rom rodesac sxeulebi erTi da igive
mimarTulebiT moZraoben, maSin erTi sxeulis siCqaris moduli meore
sxeulis mimarT tolia
𝑣 = |𝑣1 − 𝑣2 |
dasamaxsovrebeli momentebi
1. sxeulis mdebareoba fardobiTia niSnavs, rom sxeulis mdebareoba sxvadasxvaa
aTvlis sxvadasxva sxeulisa da am sxeulebTan dakavSirebul aTvlis sxvadasxva
sistemis mimarT.
2. sxeulis siCqare uZravi damkvirveblis (𝑉 ⃗⃗) mimarT tolia ori siCqaris

geometriuli jamis: moZravi damkvirveblis siCqares uZravi damkvirveblis
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ) damatebuli moZravi sxeulis siCqare moZravi damkvirveblis
mimarT (𝑉
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗2 )
mimarT (𝑉
⃗⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑉 𝑉1 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑉2
3. rodesac sxeulebi wrfis gaswvriv erTmaneTis Semxvedri an sawinaaRmdego
mimarTulebiT moZraoben, maSin erTmaneTis mimarT maT gaaCniaT siCqare, romlis
modulic TiToeuli sxeulis siCqareTa modulebis jamis tolia
𝑣 = 𝑣1 + 𝑣2
4. rodesac sxeulebi wrfis gaswvriv erTi da igive mimarTulebiT moZraoben, maSin
erTmaneTis mimarT maT gaaCniaT siCqare, romlis modulic TiToeuli sxeulis
siCqareTa modulebis sxvaobis tolia
𝑣 = |𝑣1 − 𝑣2 |
#6 wrfivi araTanabari moZraoba. myisi siCqare
wrfivi Tanabari moZraoba praqtikaSi iSviaTad gvxvdeba. ufro xSirad
saqme gvaqvs iseT moZraobebTan, rodesac sxeuli moZraobis dros drois tol
SualedebSi sxvadasxva gadaadgilebas asrulebs. aseT moZraobas araTanabari
moZraoba ewodeba.
moZraobas, rodesac sxeuli drois tol SualedebSi sxvadasxva
gadaadgilebebs asrulebs, araTanabari moZraoba ewodeba.
ismis kiTxva: araTanabari moZraobis dros rogor amovxsnaT meqanikis
ZiriTadi amocana, anu rogor vipovoT sxeulis mdebareoba sivrceSi drois
nebismier momentSi?
Tavdapirvelad SevecadoT, Tu es SesaZlebeli aRmoCndeba, araTanabari
moZraoba daviyvanoT Tanabar moZraobaze, radgan Tanabari moZraobis dros
meqanikis ZiriTadi amocana amoxsnili gv aqvs. am mizniT araTanabar moZraobas
axasiaTeben saSualo siCqariT.
Tu 𝑡 drois SualedSi sxeulma Seasrula 𝑆⃗ gadaadgileba, maSin misi
saSualo siCqare
𝑠⃗
𝑣
⃗⃗საშ =
𝑡
wrfivi araTanabari moZraobis saSualo siCqare tolia gadaadgilebis
fardobisa im drois SualedTan, romlis ganmavlobaSic es gadaadgileba
Sesrulda.
Tu cnobilia saSualo siCqare, maSin maSin 𝑡 drois SualedSi Sesrulebuli
gadaadgileba: 𝑆⃗ = 𝑣
⃗⃗საშ ∙ 𝑡
xSirad, rodesac laparakia sxeulis saSualo siCqareze, gulisxmoben mis
ricxviT mniSvnelobas–ganvlili manZilis Sefardebas im drois SualedTan,
romelic saWiroa am manZilis gasavlelad.
rogorc vxedavT, maTematikurad araTanabari moZraoba daviyvaneT Tanabar
moZraobaze, axla dagvrCa gavarkvioT, amoixsna Tu ara meqanikis ZiriTadi
amocana.
ganvixiloT magaliTi:
quTaisidan Tbilisamde manZili 250 km-ia. avtobusi quTaisidan
Tbilisamde Casvlas andomebs 5 saaTi. ipoveT ra drois Semdeg iqneba
avtobusi zestafonSi, romelic quTaisidan 35 km-zea.
Tu Cven mocemul moZraobas warmovidgenT, rogorc Tanabar moZraobas,
250
maSin gveqneba, rom avtobusi mudmivad moZraobs 𝑣საშ = = 50 km/sT siCariT. ეს
5
siCqare avtobusis araTanabari moZraobis saSualo siCqareა quTaisidan
Tbilisamde. igi arafers gveubneba avtobusis moZraobis xasiaTze traeqtoriis
nebismier wertilSi. saSualo siCqare mxolod ambobs: avtobuss, rom evlo
Tanabrad 50 km/sT siCqariT, maSin igi aucileblad Cavidoda TbilisSi 5
35
saaTSi, xolo zestafonSi Cavidoda Tu ara = 0,7 saaTSi, amas ver vityviT,
50
radgan saSualo siCqare gansazRvruli iyo 250 km-iani monakveTisaTvis da ara
35 km-iani monakveTisTvis. sruliad SesaZlebeli iyo, rom 1 saaTi avtobusi
gaCerebuliyo Tundac sadgurze, Semdeg evlo 50 km-ze meti siCqariT da mainc
Casuliyo TbilisSi 5 saaTSi. am dros Cven avtobuss veZebT zestafonSi, xolo
igi kvlav sadgurSi imyofeba. e. i. meqanikis ZiriTadi amocana ver amovxseniT.
e. i. Cven saSualo siCqaris SemotaniT maTematikurad araTanabari
moZraoba ki daviyvaneT Tanabar moZraobaze, magram meqanikis amocana ver
amovxseniT. ismis kiTxva: SesaZlebelia Tu ara sxva romelime gziT
araTanabari moZraoba daviyvanoT Tanabar moZraobaze ise, rom meqanikis
amocana amovxsnaT?
rogorc irkveva amis gakeTeba SeuZlebelia, radgan meqanikuri moZraoba
uwyveti procesia. es niSnavs, rom sxeulis arc siCqares da arc koordinats
naxtomiseburi cvlileba ar SeuZlia. e. i. Tu sxeuli moZraobis dros
wertilidan, romlis koordinatia 𝑥0 , gadavida wertilSi, romlis
koordinatia 𝑥, maSin misi mdebareobis aRmniSvneli wertilebis koordinatebma
unda miiRon 𝑥0 -sa da 𝑥-s Soris moTavsebuli yvela mniSvneloba, xolo Tu
siCqare Seicvala 𝑣0 -dan 𝑣-mde, siCqarem unda miiRos 𝑣0 -sa da 𝑣-s Soris
moTavsebuli yvela mniSvneloba. Cven ki saSualo siCqaris SemotaniT vuSvebT,
rom traeqtoriis yvela wertilSi sxeulis siCqare erTnairia. e. i. sxeulis
siCqares SesaZlebelia gaaCndes erT wertilSi ori mniSvneloba (anu rogorc
ityvian, sxeulis siCqare wertilSi Seicvala naxtomisebura d), rac
dauSvebelia. es niSnavs, rom traeqtoriis yovel wertilSi an drois yovel
momentSi sxeulis siCqares mxolod erTi garkveuli mniSvneloba aqvs
siCqares, romelic sxeuls gaaCnia traeqtoriis mocemul wertilSi, an
drois mocemul momentSi, myisi siCqare ewodeba .
Tu davakvirdebiT moZravi avtomobilis spidometris Cvenebas, SevamCnaevT,
rom igi icvleba. es niSnavs, avtomobili moZraobs araTanabrad. spidometris
isari gviCvenebs myis siCqares drois mocemul momentSi
Tu drois Sualedi, romlis ganmavlobaSic vakvirdebiT sxeulis
moZraobas, imdenad mcirea, rom siCqaris cvlileba SeiZleba ugulebelvyoT,
maSin drois Sualedi SeiZleba CavTvaloT drois momentad, xolo am drois
SualedSi saSualo siCqare ki–myis siCqared.
myisi siCqare veqtoruli sididea. traeqtoriis mocemul wertilSi misi
mimarTuleba emTxveva gadaadgilebis mimarTulebas.
1. moZraobas, rodesac sxeuli drois nebismier tol SualedebSi sxvadasxva
gadaadgilebebs asrulebs, araTanabari moZraoba ewodeba.
2. wrfivi araTanabari moZraobis saSualo siCqare tolia gadaadgilebis
fardobisa im drois SualedTan, romlis ganmavlobaSic es gadaadgileba
Sesrulda.
⃗𝒔⃗
⃗𝒗⃗საშ =
𝒕
3. xSirad, rodesac laparakia sxeulis saSualo siCqareze, gulisxmoben mis
ricxviT mniSvnelobas–ganvlili manZilis Sefardebas im drois SualedTan,
romelic saWiroa am manZilis gasavlelad.
𝒔
𝒗საშ =
𝒕
4. saSualo siCqaris SemotaniT maTematikurad araTanabari moZraoba daviyvaneT
Tanabar moZraobaze, magram meqanikis amocana ver amovxseniT
5. siCqares, romelic sxeuls gaaCnia traeqtoriis mocemul wertilSi, an drois
mocemul momentSi, myisi siCqare ewodeba.
6. myisi siCqare veqtoruli sididea. traeqtoriis mocemul wertilSi misi
mimarTuleba emTxveva gadaadgilebis mimarTulebas.
#7 wrfivi TanabradaCqarebuli moZraoba
araTanabari moZraobis dros sxeulis siCqare ganuwyvetliv icvleba
drois erTi momentidan meoremde, traeqtoriis erTi wertilidan meoremde .
aseve icvleba gadaadgilebac. araTanabar moZraobebs Soris umartivesia
wrfivi TanabradaCqarebuli moZraoba.
iseT moZraobas, rodesac sxeulis moZraobis traeqtoria aris wrfe da
sxeulis siCqare drois nebismier tol SualedebSi erTnairad icvleba, wrfivi
TanabradaCqarebuli moZraoba ewodeba.
sxvadasxva aCqarebuli moZraobisas sxeulis siCqare sxvadasxvagvarad
icvleba, zogjer ufro swrafad da zogjer ki-nela. magaliTad, satvirTo
avtomobilis siCqare icvleba ufro nela, vidre msubuqi avtomobilisa. e. i.
aCqarebuli moZraobebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebi an siCqaris Secvlis
siswrafiT
siCqaris cvlilebis siswrafis damaxasiaTebel sidides warmoadgens
aCqareba.
davuSvaT sxeuli moZraobs wrfivad da TanabradaCqarebulad da misi
sawyisi siCqare drois sawyisi momentisaTvis (𝑡 = 0) iyo 𝑣
⃗ 0. daiwyo
TanabradaCqarebuli moZraoba da raRac 𝑡 drois gavlis Semdeg aRmoCnda 𝑣
⃗.
maSin sxeulis aCqareba (romelic aRvniSnoT 𝑎
⃗ -Ti) ase ganisazRvreba:
⃗𝑣
⃗ − ⃗𝑣
⃗0
𝑎
⃗ =
𝑡
TanabradaCqarebulad moZravi sxeulis aCqareba ewodeba mudmiv sidides,
romelic tolia sxeulis siCqaris cvlilebis fardobisa im drois SualedTan,
romlis ganmavlobaSic es cvlileba moxda .
aCqareba veqtoruli sididea. misi mimarTuleba emTxveva siCqaris
cvlilebis mimarTulebas.
roca 𝑡 = 1 erTeuls, maSin 𝑎
⃗ =𝑣
⃗ −𝑣
⃗ 0 . e. i.
aCqareba aris sxeulis siCqaris cvlileba drois erTeulSi
ricxviT mniSvnelobebze gadasasvlelad, unda movaxdinoT veqtorTa
dagegmileba mocemul aTvlis sistemaSi. maSin aCqarebis gamosaTvleli
formula miiRebs saxes:
𝑣𝑥 −𝑣0𝑥
𝑎𝑥 = 𝑡
, anu 𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣0𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡
radganac moZraoba aris wrfivi, umjobesia (ufro mosaxerxebelia)
koordinatTa RerZi mivmarToT moZraobis gaswvriv. maSin gadaagdilebis,
siCqareTa da aCqarebis gegmilTa ricxviTi mniSvnelobebi, TviT am veqtorebis
sigrZeebis toli iqnebian (nax.1; nax. 2)
𝑣0 𝑆 𝑎 𝐵 𝑣
𝐴
𝑂
𝑎𝑥 𝑋
𝑣0𝑥 𝑣𝑥
nax 1 𝑆𝑥
𝑣0 𝑆 𝑎 𝐵 𝑣
𝐴
𝑂
𝑎𝑥 𝑋
𝑣0𝑥 𝑣𝑥
nax 2 𝑆𝑥
ganixileba ori SemTxveva:
1) 𝑣
⃗ >𝑣
⃗ 0 (nax.1). es niSnavs, rom sxeulis siCqare izrdeba. maSin 𝑣𝑥 − 𝑣0𝑥 > 0 da
Sesabamisad aCqarebis gegmili dadebiTia (𝑎𝑥 > 0); xolo sididiT 𝑎𝑥 = 𝑎. maSin:
𝑣 = 𝑣0 + 𝑎𝑡
2) 𝑣⃗ < 𝑣⃗0 (nax.1). es niSnavs, rom sxeulis siCqare mcirdeba. maSin 𝑣𝑥 − 𝑣0𝑥 < 0 da
Sesabamisad aCqarebis gegmili uaryofiTia ( 𝑎𝑥 < 0); xolo sididiT 𝑎𝑥 = −𝑎.
maSin:
𝑣 = 𝑣0 − 𝑎𝑡
მ
aCqarebis erTeulad saerTaSoriso sistemaSi miRebulia 1 . es
წმ2
aris iseTi aCqareba, rodesac sxeulis siCqare 1 wamSi 1 m/wm-iT icvleba.
1. iseT moZraobas, rodesac sxeulis moZraobis traeqtoria aris wrfe da
sxeulis siCqare drois nebismier tol SualedebSi erTnairad icvleba, wrfivi
TanabradaCqarebuli moZraoba ewodeba.
2. TanabradaCqarebulad moZravi sxeulis aCqareba ewodeba mudmiv sidides,
romelic tolia sxeulis siCqaris cvlilebis fardobisa im drois SualedTan,
romlis ganmavlobaSic es cvlileba moxda .
⃗𝒗
⃗⃗ −𝒗
⃗⃗⃗ 𝟎
⃗𝒂
⃗ =
𝒕
𝒗 −𝒗
𝒂𝒙 = 𝒙 𝟎𝒙 , anu 𝒗𝒙 = 𝒗𝟎𝒙 + 𝒂𝒙 𝒕
𝒕
3. aCqareba aris sxeulis siCqaris cvlileba drois erTeulSi .
⃗ > ⃗𝒗𝟎 (sxeulis siCqare izrdeba). maSin 𝒂𝒙 = 𝒂 da
4 . roca𝒗 𝒗 = 𝒗𝟎 + 𝒂𝒕
⃗ < ⃗𝒗𝟎 (sxeulis siCqare mcirdeba). maSin 𝒂𝒙 = −𝒂 da
5. roca𝒗 𝒗 = 𝒗𝟎 − 𝒂𝒕
მ
6. aCqarebis erTeulad saerTaSoriso sistemaSi miRebulia 1 . es aris iseTi
წმ𝟐
aCqareba, rodesac sxeulis siCqare 1 wamSi 1 m/wm-iT icvleba.
#8 siCqarisa da aCqarebis droze damokidebulebis grafikebi
wrfivi TanabaraCqarebuli moZraobis dros
wrfivi TanabaraCqarebuli moZraobis dros sxeulis siCqaris dro-
ze damokidebuleba mocemulia formuliT:
𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣0𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡
sadac, 𝑣0𝑥 aris sawyisi siCqaris gegmili da igi mudmiv sidides warmo-
adgens. 𝑎𝑥 -sxeulis aCqarebis gegmilia 𝑂𝑋 sakoordinato RerZze da mi-
si mniSvneloba aseve mudmivi sididea. rac
Seexeba 𝑣 da 𝑡-s isini cvladi sidideebia. 𝑣𝑥
𝑎𝑥 > 0
I
Tu avagebT siCqaris droze damokidebule-
bis grafiks, miviRebT wrfes, romelic ko-
ordinatTa saTavidan daSorebulia 𝑣0𝑥 er- 𝑣0𝑥 𝑎𝑥 < 0
II
TeuliT (nax. 1). zrdadia, roca 𝑎𝑥 > 0 (sxe- 𝑂
nax. 𝑡
ulis siCqare izrdeba (I grafiki)); xolo
klebadia, roca 𝑎𝑥 < 0 (sxeulis siCqare mcirdeba (II grafiki).
Tu dakvirveba daviwyeT im momentidan,
rodesac sxeulma moZraoba daiwyo, maSin 𝑣𝑥
𝑎𝑥 > 0
siCqaris droze damokidebulebis grafiki
aris koordinatTa saTavidan gamomavali
𝑂
wrfe (nax. 2.)
𝑣0𝑥 = 0 𝑡
nax.
garda siCqaris droze damokidebulebis grafikisa, xSirad

sargebloben aCqarebis droze damokidebulebis grafikebiTac. wrfivi
TanabaraCqarebuli moZraobis dros aCqarebis
𝑎𝑥 droze damokidebulebis grafiki warmoadgens
𝑎𝑥 > 0
I wrfes, romelic droTa RerZis paraleluria.
𝑂
I grafiki Seesabameba im SemTxvevas,
𝑡
𝑎𝑥 < 0
roca aCqarebis proeqcia dadebiTia, xolo II
II
nax. grafiki Seesabameba im SemTxvevas, roca
aCqarebis proeqcia uaryofiTia (nax. 3).
siCqaris droze damokidebulebis grafikis mixedviT SesaZlebelia
sxvadasxva sxeulTa aCqarebaTa proeqciebis Sedareba. ramdenadac wrfivi
TanabaraCqarebuli moZraobis dros
siCqaris droze damokidebulebis grafiki 𝑣𝑥 𝑎1𝑥 I 𝑎1𝑥 > 𝑎2𝑥
II
aris wrfe, amitom wrfivi funqciis
𝑎2𝑥
Tvisebidan gamomdinare, rac ufro
daxrilia droTa RerZTan wrfe, miT ufro
metia aCqarebis proeqcia nax. 4.)
𝑂 𝑡
nax.
№ 9 gadaadgileba TanabaraCqarebuli moZraobis dros
meqanikis ZiriTadi amocanaa sxeulis gadaadgilebis povna drois

nebismier momentSi, rac saSualebas mogvcems Sesabamis aTvlis sistemaSi
vipovoT sxeulis koordinatebi mocemuli
momentisaTvis 𝑣𝑥
gavixsenoT, rom Tanabari moZraobisas

𝑠𝑥 = 𝑣𝑥 𝑡
sxeulis gadaadgilebis ricxviTi mniSvneloba 𝑂
tolia siCqaris grafiksa da droTa RerZs Soris nax. 1 𝑡0 𝑡
moTavsebuli marTkuTxedis farTobisa (nax. 1).
analogiurad, TanabradaCqarebuli moZraobis dros gadaadgilebis

proeqciis sapovnelad gamoviyenoT siCqaris droze damokidebulebis
grafiki. wrfivi TanabaraCqarebuli moZraobis dros sxeulis siCqaris
droze damokidebuleba mocemulia formuliT:
𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣0𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡
simartivisaTvis ganvixiloT is SemTxveva, rodesac 𝑎𝑥 > 0. (nax. 2).
𝑣𝑥 𝐶 𝑎𝑥 > 0
𝑣2𝑥
𝑣1𝑥
𝑣𝑥
𝐴
𝑣0𝑥
𝐵
𝑂 𝑡1 𝑡2 𝑡 𝑡
nax. 2
droTa RerZze gamovyoT Zalian mcire drois (𝑡2 − 𝑡1 ) Sualedi, maSin

drois am mcire Sualeds Seesabameba siCqaris cvlilebis Zalian mcire
(𝑣2𝑥 − 𝑣1𝑥 ) Sualedi. radgan siCqaris cvlileba aris Zalian mcire, amitom
(𝑡2 − 𝑡1 ) SualedisaTvis SeiZleba CavTvaloT, rom siCqare mudmivia, e. i. am
ubnisaTvis moZraoba Tanabaria da maSin sxeulis gadaadgilebis gegmili
am ubanze daStrixuli figuris farTobis tolia. magram ase mcire ubnebad
SeiZleba davyoT mTeli moZraobis dro. maSin mTliani gadaadgilebis
1
gegmili toli iqneba 𝑂𝐴𝐵𝐶 trapeciis farTobis. trapeciis farTobis
ganmartebidan gamomdinare:
𝑣𝑥 + 𝑣0𝑥
𝑆𝑥 = ∙𝑡
2
Tu am formulaSi CavsvamT 𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣0𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 mniSvnelobas, miviRebT:
𝑣0𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 + 𝑣0𝑥 2𝑣0𝑥 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡2 𝑎 𝑥 𝑡2

𝑆𝑥 = ∙𝑡 = = 𝑣0𝑥 𝑡 +
2 2 2
sabolood:
𝑎𝑥 𝑡 2
𝑆𝑥 = 𝑣0𝑥 𝑡 +
2
gamovTvaloT TanabradaCqarebuli moZraobis gadaadgileba im SemTxvevaSi,

𝑣𝑥 −𝑣0𝑥
rodesac moZraobis dro cnobili ar aris. gaviTvaliswinoT, rom 𝑡 = ,
𝑎𝑥
miviRebT:
2
𝑣𝑥 + 𝑣0𝑥 𝑣𝑥 + 𝑣0𝑥 𝑣𝑥 − 𝑣0𝑥 𝑣𝑥2 − 𝑣0𝑥
𝑆𝑥 = ∙𝑡 = ∙ =
2 2 𝑎𝑥 2𝑎𝑥
sabolood:
2
𝑣𝑥2 − 𝑣0𝑥
𝑆𝑥 =
2𝑎𝑥
TanabradaCqarebuli moZraobis dros gadaadgilebis gegmili drois kvadratis

funqciaa, amitom gadaadgilebisa (nax. 3) da koordinatis cvlilebis grafiki
warmoadgens parabolas
𝑆𝑥 𝑥
𝑥0
𝑂 𝑡 𝑂 𝑡
nax. 3 nax. 4
2
#10 mrudwiruli moZraoba
moZraobas, romlis traeqtoriac mrudi wiria, mrudwiruli moZraoba
ewodeba.
rogorc cnobilia meqnikis ZiriTad amocanas warmoadgens sxeulis
mdebareobis gansazRvra sivrceSi drois nebismier momentSi, anu unda
SegveZlos drois nebismier momentSi sxeulis gadaadgilebis povna, ris
Semdegac vipoviT koordinatebs. gadaadgileba rom vipovoT, unda vicodeT
sxeulis siCqare. siCqare veqtoruli sididea. igi xasiaTdeba rogorc
mimarTulebiT, aseve ricxviTi mniSvnelobiT. Tavdapirvelad gavarkvioT, Tu ra
mimarTuleba aqvs mrudwiruli moZraobis dros siCqares traeqtoriis nebismier
wertilSi.
davuSvaT sxeuli moZraobs mrud wirze da gvsurs gavarkvioT sxeulis
siCqaris mimarTuleba traeqtoriis 𝐴 wertilSi (nax. 1.) 𝐴 𝑣⃗
traeqtoriaze gamovyoT mcire 𝑀𝐴𝑁 ubani ̆
(𝑀𝐴𝑁 𝑆⃗2 𝑇
𝐾
rkali), romelic Seicavs 𝐴 wertils. cxadia am ubanze 𝑀 𝑆⃗1 𝑁
gadaadgilebis 𝑆⃗1 veqtori sididiT gansxvavdeba 𝑀𝐴𝑁

̆ nax. 1.
rkalisagan, amitom 𝑆⃗1 gadaadgilebis mixedviT gansazRvruli siCqare
gansxvavebuli iqneba realuri siCqarisagan da igi mimarTuli iqneba ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝑀𝑁
veqtoris gaswvriv. Tu SevamcirebT Sualeds ̆ rkali), maSin SedarebiT
(𝐾𝐴𝑇
ufro mcire iqneba gansxvaveba 𝑆⃗2 gadaadgilebiT gansazRvrul siCqaresa da

realur siCqares Soris. Tu ase gavagrZelebT, TandaTan gaqreba sxvaoba
rkalsa da qordas Soris, amitom gadaadgileba da Sesabamisad siCqare 𝐴
wertilSi mimarTuli iqneba mxebis gaswvriv.
mrudwiruli traeqtoriis nebismier wertilSi sxeulis moZraobis siCqare
mimarTulia am wertilSi gavlebuli mxebis gaswvriv .
radganac mrudi wiris mocemul wertilSi SeiZleba mxolod erTi mxebis
gavleba, amitom mrudi wiris yovel wertilSi siCqares erTaderTi
mimarTuleba gaaCnia, romelic gansxvavebuli iqneba sxva wertilSi siCq aris
mimarTulebisagan. siCqaris moduli (ricxviTi mniSvneloba) mudmivi rom iyos,
moZraoba mainc ver CaiTvleba Tanabrad, radgan siCqare veqtoruli sididea da
misTvis moduli da mimarTuleba erTnairad mniSvnelovania. e. i. mrudwiruli
moZraoba aCqarebuli moZraobaa .
nebismieri mrudi wiri SegviZlia ganvixiloT,
𝑅1 𝑅2
rogorc sxvadasxva radiusiani wrewiris rkalebze 𝑂1
moZraobaTa erToblioba, amitom mrudwiruli 𝑂2

𝑅3
moZraobis Sesaswavlad saWiroa ganvixiloT moZraoba
wrfis monakveTebsa da wrewiris rkalebze nax. 3. nax. 2
1. mrudwiruli traeqtoriis nebismier wertilSi sxeulis moZraobis siCqare
mimarTulia am wertilSi gavlebuli mxebis gaswvriv .
2. mrudwiruli moZraoba aCqarebuli moZraobaa .
3. nebismieri mrudi wiri SegviZlia ganvixiloT, rogorc sxvadasxva radiusiani
wrewiris rkalebze moZraobaTa erToblioba
§11 Tnabari moZraoba wrewirze . wiriTi da KkuTxuri siCqare. brunvis periodi.
brunvis sixSire. kavSiri wiriT siCqaresa da kuTxur siCqares Soris
moZraobas, romlis traeqtoria mrudi wiria, mrudwiruli moZraoba ewodeba.
mrudwiruli moZraobis kerZo saxea sxeulis moZraoba
wrewirze. wrewirze moZraobis ganxilva imiTaa 𝑅1
𝑂1 𝑅2
saintereso, rom nebismieri mrudi wiri SegviZlia
ganvixiloT, rogorc sxvadasxva radiusiani wrewiris 𝑂2
𝑅3
rkalebze moZraobaTa erToblioba, amitom
mrudwiruli moZraobis Sesaswavlad saWiroa
nax. 1
ganvixiloT moZraoba wrfis monakveTebsa da
wrewiris rkalebze nax. 1.
mrudwirulo moZraobis umartivesi saxea sxeulis 𝐵
moZraoba wrewirze mudmivi modulis mqone siCqariT. am
𝑟 𝑙
SemTxvevaSi sxeuli (nivTieri wertili) drois tol
𝜑
SualedebSi tol rkalebs Semowers. aseve sxeulis centrTan
𝑂 𝐴
SemaerTebeli radiusi imave drois tol SualedebSi toli
kuTxiT Semobrundeba. amitom wrewirze moZraoba SeiZleba
davaxasiaToT rogorc drois erTeulSi rkalis gaswvriv
Sesrulebuli gadaadgilebiT (wiriTi siCqariT), aseve drois nax 2
erTeulSi sxeulis centrTan SemaerTebeli radiusis Semobrunebis kuTxiT
(kuTxuri siCqariT) .
davuSvaT sxeuli Tanabrad moZraobs 𝑟 radiusian wrewirze mudmivi
siCqariT. drois sawyis monentSi igi imyofeboda 𝐴 wertilSi. drois raRac 𝑡
Sualedis Semdeg igi gadavida 𝐵 wertilSi (nax. 2). maSin wiriTi siCqare (𝑣)
tolia nivTieri wertilis mier Semowerili rkalis sigrZis ( 𝑙) Sefardebisa im
drois SualedTan (𝑡), romelic saWiroa am rkalis Semosawerad da gamoiTvleba
formuliT:
𝑙
𝑣=
𝑡
wiriTi siCqaris erTeulia 1 m/wm
imave droSi sxeulis centrTan SemaerTebeli radiusi Semobrundeba 𝜑 kuTxiT.
maSin kuTxuri siCqare (𝜔) tolia nivTieri wertilis centrTan SemaerTebeli
radiusis Semobrunebis kuTxis (𝜑) im drois SualedTan (𝑡), romelic saWiroa
am kuTxis Semosawerad da gamoiTvleba formuliT:
φ
ω=
t
am formulaSi kuTxe izomeba radianebSi.
radiani iseTi centraluri kuTxea, romlis Sesabamisi rkali radiusis
tolia.
Si sistemaSi kuTxuri siCqaris erTeulia 1 rad/wm.
1 rad/wm aris iseTi kuTxuri siCqare, rodesac nivTieri wertili 1 wamSi
1 radianis tol kuTxes Semowers.
drois im Sualeds, romlis drosac erTi sruli bruni sruldeba,
brunvis periodi (𝑻) ewodeba.
1 wamSi Sesrulebul brunTa ricxvs brunvis sixSire (𝒏) ewodeba.
brunvis sixSire da brunvis periodi dakavSirebulia formuliT:
1 1
𝑇=𝑛 da 𝑛=𝑇
𝑟 radiusian wrewirze erTi sruli brunis dros nivTieri wertili Semowers
2𝜋 radianis tol kuTxes ( rodesac 𝑡 = 𝑇, maSin 𝜑 = 2𝜋). maSin kuTxuri siCqare:
2π
ω=
T
am dros Semowerili rkalis sigrZe (rac igivea wrewiris sigrZe) tolia 2𝜋𝑟
amitom wiriTi siCqare:
2𝜋𝑟
𝑣= = 2𝜋𝑟𝑛 = 𝜔𝑟
𝑇
wrewirze Tanabrad moZravi wertilis wiriTi siCqare tolia kuTxuri
siCqarisa da wrewiris radiusis namravlisa.
1. wrewirze Tanabari moZraobis dros sxeuli (nivTieri wertili) drois tol
SualedebSi tol rkalebs Semowers. aseve sxeulis centrTan SemaerTebeli radiusi
imave drois tol SualedebSi toli kuTxiT Semobrundeba.
2. wiriTi siCqare ( 𝒗) tolia nivTieri wertilis mier Semowerili rkalis sigrZis ( 𝒍)
Sefardebisa im drois SualedTan ( 𝒕), romelic saWiroa am rkalis Semosawerad da
gamoiTvleba formuliT:
𝒍
𝒗=
𝒕
wiriTi siCqaris erTeulia 1 m/wm
3. kuTxuri siCqare ( 𝝎) tolia nivTieri wertilis centrTan SemaerTebeli radiusis
Semobrunebis kuTxis ( 𝝋) im drois SualedTan ( 𝒕), romelic saWiroa am kuTxis
Semosawerad da gamoiTvleba formuliT:
𝛗
𝛚= 𝐭
4. 𝐒𝐢 sistemaSi kuTxuri siCqaris erTeulia 𝟏 rad/wm.

5. 1 rad/wm aris iseTi kuTxuri siCqare, rodesac nivTieri wertili 1 wamSi 1 radianis
tol kuTxes Semowers.
6. drois im Sualeds, romlis drosac erTi sruli bruni sruldeba, brunvis periodi ( 𝑻)
ewodeba.
7. brunvis sixSire da brunvis periodi dakavSirebulia formuliT:
𝟏 𝟏
𝑻=𝒏 da 𝒏=𝑻
𝟐𝛑
8. kuTxuri siCqare: 𝛚= 𝐓
9. wrewirze Tanabrad moZravi wertilis wiriTi siCqare tolia kuTxuri siCqarisa da
wrewiris radiusis namravlisa
𝒗 = 𝝎𝒓.
§12 . wrewirze Tanabrad moZravi sxeulis aCqareba. centriskenuli aCqareba
wrfivi Tanabari moZraoba aCqarebiT ar xasiaTdeba, magram Tanabari
moZraoba wrewirze aCqarebuli moZraobaa. es aCqareba gamowveulia ara siCqaris
modulis, aramed siCqaris veqtoris mimarTulebis ganuwyveteli cvlilebiT
(siCqaris veqtori traeqtoriis yovel wertilSi mimarTulia am wertilSi
gavlebuli mxebis gaswvriv, xolo wrewiris yovel wertilSi gaivleba erTaderTi
mxebi. e. i. wrewirze moZraobis dros traeqtoriis yovel wertilSi sxeulis
siCqares mxolod erTi mimarTuleba SeiZleba gaaCndes).
ganvixiloT 𝑅 radiusian wrewirze nivTieri wertilis Tanabari moZraoba da
gavarkvioT aCqarebis mimarTuleba 𝐴 wertilSi.
davuSvaT mcire 𝑡 drois SualedSi nivTieri wertili gadaadgilda 𝐴-dan 𝐵
wertilSi (nax.1). 𝐴 wertilSi sxeulis siCqare
𝐴 𝑣⃗0
iyo 𝑣⃗0 , xolo 𝐵 wertilSi misi siCqare iyos 𝑣⃗. 𝛼 𝐷
aCqareba gamoiTvleba formuliT:
𝑣⃗
⃗𝑣
⃗⃗−𝑣
⃗⃗⃗
0 ∆𝑣⃗
𝑎⃗ = 𝐵
𝑡 𝐿
𝑟
sadac 𝑣⃗ − 𝑣⃗0 = ∆𝑣⃗ siCqaris cvlilebaa, amitom
𝑣⃗
∆𝑣⃗⃗⃗
𝛼
𝑎⃗ =
𝑡
cxadia, aCqarebas iseTive mimarTuleba eqneba,
𝑂
rogoric siCqaris cvlilebis veqtors. Tu drois nax. 1
̌ rkalsa da 𝐴𝐵
𝑡 Sualedi Zalian mcirea, maSin 𝐴𝐵
qordas Soris gansxvaveba SeiZleba ugulebelvyoT.
visargebloT veqtorTa gamoklebis wesiT da avagoT ∆𝑣⃗ veqtori. radgan 𝐵
wertili Zalian axlosaa 𝐴 wertilTan, amitom 𝜑 kuTxe Zalian mcirea (𝜑 → 0),
|𝑣⃗1 | = |𝑣⃗2 | = |𝑣⃗3 | = |𝑣⃗4 | = |𝑣⃗| amitom SeiZleba CavTvaloT, rom ∆𝑣⃗ veqtori marTobia
|𝑎⃗1 | = |𝑎⃗2 | = |𝑎⃗3 | = |𝑎⃗4 | = |𝑎⃗| 𝑣⃗0 veqtorisa. 𝑣⃗0 mimarTulia 𝐴 wertilSi gavlebuli
𝑣⃗1 mxebis gaswvriv, Sesabamisad ∆𝑣⃗ mimarTuli iqneba
𝑣⃗4
radiusis gaswvriv wrewiris centrisaken.
𝑎⃗1
cxadia, igive mimarTuleba eqneba aCqarebis
𝑎⃗4 𝑎⃗2
veqtorsac.
wrewirze moZravi nivTieri wertilis aCqareba
𝑎⃗3 𝑣⃗2
nebismier wertilSi mimarTulia radiusis gaswvriv
𝑣⃗3 wrewiris centrisken (nax.2), amitom mas
Nnax. 2 centriskenuli aCqarebasa ewodeba.
1
Aaxla gamovTvaloT centriskenuli aCqarebis moduli.
∆𝑣⃗, 𝑣⃗0 da 𝑣⃗ veqtorebisagan Sedgenili 𝐴𝐷𝐿 samkuTxedi msgavsia 𝐴𝑂𝐵
samkuTxedis. am samkuTxedebis msgavsebidan gamomdinare:
∆𝑣 𝑣
=
𝐴𝐵 𝑟
Tu 𝜑 kuTxe Zalian mcirea, maSin 𝐴𝐵 qorda SegviZlia SevcvaloT rkaliT, amitom
2
̌ = 𝑣 ∙ 𝑡. CasmiT miviRebT: ∆𝑣 = 𝑣, an ∆𝑣 = 𝑣 , saidanac sabolood:
𝐴𝐵 ≈ 𝐴𝐵
𝑣∙𝑡 𝑟 𝑡 𝑟
𝑣2
𝑎= ------(1)
𝑟
Tu wrewirze sxeulis moZraobisas siCqaris moduli mudmivi sididea,
centriskenuli aCqarebis modulic mudmivi sidide iqneba.
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom 𝑣 = 𝜔𝑟, maSin miviRebT, rom:
𝑎 = 𝜔2 𝑟 ----- (2),
an
𝑎 = 𝜔𝑣---- (3)
1. Tanabari moZraoba wrewirze aCqarebuli moZraobaa. es aCqareba

gamowveulia ara siCqaris modulis, aramed siCqaris veqtoris mimarTulebis
ganuwyveteli cvlilebiT.
2. wrewirze moZravi nivTieri wertilis aCqareba nebismier wertilSi
mimarTulia radiusis gaswvriv wrewiris centrisken, amitom mas
centriskenuli aCqarebasa ewodeba.
3. wrewirze Tanabrad moZravi nivTieri wertilis aCqareba:
𝑣2
𝑎= ------ (1)
𝑟
𝑎 = 𝜔2 𝑟 ------ (2)
𝑎 = 𝜔𝑣 --------(3)
2
№ 13 niutonis pirveli kanoni
𝟏. meqanikis nawils, romelSic sxeulis aCqarebis gamomwvevi mizezebi da maTi

maTi gamoTvlis xerxebi ganixileba, dinamika ewodeba.
𝟐. Tavdapirvelad dinamikaSi Seiswavleba is pirobebi, rodesac sxeuli Tanabrad

moZraobs, an uZravia, radgan yvela sxa SemTxvevaSi sxeuli imoZravebs aCqarebiT.
𝟑. sxeulis uZraobis , an Tanabrad moZraobis pirobebs Seiswavlis kanoni,

romelic niutonis pirveli kanonis saxelwodebiTaa cnobili:
arsebobs iseTi aTvlis sistemebi, romelTa mimarTac gadataniTad moZravi sxeulebi

inarCuneben TavianT mudmiv siCqares (uZravia, an moZraobs wrfivad da Tanabrad), Tu
maTze sxva sxeulebi ar moqmedeben, an maTi moqmedeba kompensirebulia.
⃗⃗⃗
𝐹1 + ⃗⃗⃗
𝐹2 + ⃗⃗⃗
𝐹3 +∙∙∙ ⃗⃗⃗
𝐹𝑛 = 0
𝟒. sxvagvarad niutonis I kanoni aris kanoni inerciis Sesaxeb.
𝟓. inercia aris sxeulis Tviseba SeinarCunos Tavisi siCqare.
𝟔. niutonis I kanoni samarTliania aTvlis inerciuli sistemebis mimarT
7. aTvlis inerciuli sistema ewodeba iseT sistemebs, romlebic erTmaneTis

mimarT uZravia, an moZraoben wrfivad da Tanabrad.
8. niutonis I kanoni asec SegviZlia CamovayaliboT:
arsebobs iseTi aTvlis sistemebi, romelTa mimarTac gadataniTad moZravi

sxeulebi inarCuneben TavianT mudmiv siCqares (uZravia, an moZraobs wrfivad da
Tanabrad), Tu maTze moqmedi yvela Zalis tolqmedi 0-is tolia
1
№ 14 masa.
niutonis I kanonis Tanaxmad yvela sxeuli cdilobs SeinarCunos Tavisi

siCqare. siCqaris SenarCunebis Tviseba sxeulis erT-erTi ZiriTad Tvisebaa.
magaliTad, es imas niSnavs, rom Tu sxeuli uZravia, igi yovelTvis
gvewinaaRmdegeba, rom mas siCqare mivaniWoT, aseve, Tu sxeuli moZraobs, misi
siCqaris cvlileba (magaliTad SeCereba), aseve did Zalisxmevas moiTxovs.
sxeulis Tvisebas, SeinarCunos Tavisi siCqare, inercia ewodeba
rac ufro inertulia (inerciulia) sxeuli, miT ufro naklebad icvlis

Tavis siCqares. radgan siCqaris cvlilebiT xasiaTdeba aCqareba, amitom SegviZlia
vTqvaT, rom rac ufro inertulia sxeuli, miT ufro naklebad aCqarebas
Rebulobs zemoqmedebis Sedegad.
Cven sxeulis Tviseba, SeinarCunos Tavisi siCqare, davaxasiaTeT Teoriulad.
axla SevecadoT inertuloba davaxasiaToT praqtikulad, anu raodenobrivad.
raodenobrivi daxasiaTeba niSnavs, rom inertuloba gamovsaxoT ricxviT.
ricxobrivad rom davaxasiaT inertuloba, unda gvqondes Sesadarebeli sxeuli,
romelis masasac miviCnevT erTeulad da yvela sxva sxeulis masas mas SevadarebT.
SeTanxmdnen da daamzades masis etaloni.
masis etalonad miRebulia platina-iridiumis Senadnobisagan damzadebuli
cilindris masa, romelic inaxeba zoma-wonis saerTaSoriso biuroSi qalaq
sevrSi, parizis maxloblad. masis am etalonis masas kilogrami uwodes
(Semoklebulad kg).
e. i. SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom urTierTqmedebis Sedegad is sxeuli Rebulobs
met aCqarebas. romlis masac naklebia. maTematikurad Cawerili es damokidebuleba
warmoadgens ukuproporciulobas. Tu erTi sxeulis masas aRvniSnavT 𝑚1 -iT, meore
sxeulis masas 𝑚2 -iT, pirveli sxeulis aCqarebas 𝑎1 -iT, xolo meore sxeulis
aCqarebas 𝑎2 -iT, maSin
𝑎1 𝑚2
=
𝑎2 𝑚1
saidanac:
𝑚2
𝑎1 = 𝑎2
𝑚1
anu sxeulis masa gviCvenebs, Tu ramdenjer metia masTan urTierTqmedebaSi
myofi sxeulis aCqareba mis sakuTar aCqarebaze
Tu meore sxeulad aviRebdiT masis etalons, maSin gveqneba:
1
𝑎ეტ
𝑚სხ = 𝑚ეტ
𝑎სხ
radgan masis etalonis masaa 𝑚ეტ = 1 kg, amitom
𝑎ეტ 𝑎ეტ
𝑚სხ = ∙ 𝑚ეტ = ∙1
𝑎სხ 𝑎სხ
sxeulis masa gviCvenebs, Tu ramdenjer metia masTan urTierTqmedebaSi myofi
masis etalonis aCqareba mis sakuTar aCqarebaze.
praqtikulad, sxeulis masis gazomva urTierTqmedebiT yovelTvis
SeuZlebelia (magaliTad bazarSi raime sxeulis masis gasazomad masis etalons
(kg-ian sawons da sayid produqts erTmaneTTan ver vaurTierTqmedebT da ver
daviwyebT maT mier miRebuli aCqarebebis gazomvas), amitom am SemTxvevaSi
gamoviyenebT awonvis xerxs. sasworis erT mxares movaTavsebT asawon sxeuls,
xolo meore mxares masis etalonebis Sesabamis sawonebs. rodesac saswori
gawonaswordeba, maSin asawoni sxeulis masa tolia sawonebis masis.
masas axasiaTebs Semdegi ZiriTadi Tvisebebi:
1) masebs axasiaTebT mizidvis unari
2) masebs axasiaTebT Sekrebadobis unari
1. sxeulis Tvisebas, SeinarCunos Tavisi siCqare, inercia ewodeba
2. masis etalonad miRebulia platina-iridiumis Senadnobisagan damzadebuli cilindris masa,
romelic inaxeba zoma-wonis saerTaSoriso biuroSi qalaq sevrSi, parizis maxloblad.
masis am etalonis masas kilogrami uwodes (Semoklebulad kg).
3. sxeulis masa gviCvenebs, Tu ramdenjer metia masTan urTierTqmedebaSi myofi masis
etalonis aCqareba mis sakuTar aCqarebaze.
4. masebs axasiaTebT mizidvis unari
5. masebs axasiaTebT Sekrebadobis unari
2
simkvrive
sxvadasxva nivTierebebisagan damzadebul toli moculobis mqone sxeulTa

masebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdeba. mag: Tu aviRebT 2 m3 moculobis aluminis
sxmuls da 2 m3 rkinas, maTi masebi gansxvavebuli iqneba. e. i. toli moculobis
nivTierebaTa masebi damokidebulia nivTierebis gvarobaze. aseve, Tu aviRebT
sxvadasxva moculobis erTi da igive nivTierebebs, maTi masebi Sesabamisad
sakuTari moculobebis proporciulia. magaliTad, Tu aviRebT 1 m3 da 2 m3
moculobis aluminis sxmulebs, aRmoCndeba, rom 2 m3 moculobis sxmulis masa 2-
jer meti iqneba 1 m3 moculobis sxmulis masaze. aqedan gamomdinare nivTierebis
masis Sefardeba sakuTar moculobasTan mocemuli nivTierebisaTvis mudmivi
sididea da mas nivTierebis simkvrives uwodeben. aRiniSneba 𝜌 (ro) asoTi
𝑚
𝜌=
𝑉
Tu davuSvebT, rom 𝑉 = 1 1 erTeuls, maSin 𝜌 = 𝑚. e. i.
nivTierebis simkvrive erTeulovani moculobis nivTierebis masis tolia
კგ
saerTaSoriso sistemis mixedviT simkvrivis erTeulia
მ𝟑
gamoTvlebis gamartivebis mizniT gazomes arsebuli nivTierebebis 1 m3 masa
da monacemebi warmoadgines cxrilis saxiT, romelsac simkvrivis cxrilebs
uwodeben. magaliTad, Tu Cven gvinda vipovoT risi tolia 2 m3 wylis masa,
Tavdapirvelad vnaxulobT simkvrivis cxrilSi, rom 1 m3 wylis masa aris 1000 kg,
e. i. 2 m3 wylis masa iqneba 2-jer meti, anu 2000 kg.
anu, Tu gvecodineba simkvrive, SegveZleba nivTierebis masis gamoTvla:
𝑚 = 𝜌𝑉
1) nivTierebis masis Sefardeba sakuTar moculobasTan mocemuli nivTierebisaTvis
mudmivi sididea da mas nivTierebis simkvrives uwodeben. aRiniSneba 𝜌 (ro) asoTi
𝒎
𝝆=
𝑽
2) nivTierebis simkvrive erTeulovani moculobis nivTierebis masis tolia.
კგ
3) saerTaSoriso sistemis mixedviT simkvrivis erTeulia
მ𝟑
4) simkvrivis mixedviT, nivTierebis masa gamoiTvleba formuliT:
𝒎 = 𝝆𝑽
3
#15. Zala. niutonis II kanoni
sxeulis erT-erTi ZiriTadi Tvisebaa SeinarCunos siCqare. sxeulis es

Tviseba raodenobrivad, anu ricxobrivad davaxasiaTeT masiT. rac metia sxeulis
masa, miT ufro inertulia sxeuli da miT ufro inarCunebs Tavis siCqares, anu
miT ufro naklebad icvlis siCqares da Sesabamisad miT naklebia aCqareba.
ganvixiloT ori sxeuli. aRvniSnoT maTi masebi Sesabamisad 𝑚1 -iT da 𝑚2 -iT.
urTierTqmedebis Sedegad TiToeuli miiRebs aCqarebas, romelic Tavisi masis
ukuproporciulia. Tu am aCqarebebs Sesabamisad aRvniSnavT 𝑎1 da 𝑎2 -iT, maSin
gveqneba:
𝑚1 𝑎2
=
𝑚2 𝑎1
saidanac 𝑚1 𝑎1 = 𝑚2 𝑎2
Cven miviReT iseTi sidide, romelic erTnairad axasiaTebs orive urTierTqmed
sxeuls da orive urTierTqmedi sxeulisaTvis mudmivi sididea. am mudmiv sidides
Ddarqves Zala.
sxeulze moqmedi Zala masisa da am sxeulis aCqarebis namravlis tolia
𝐹⃗ = 𝑚𝑎⃗
am kanons niutonis II kanoni ewodeba
Zala veqtoruli sididea, misi mimarTuleba emTxveva aCqarebis mimarTulebas
Tu davuSvebT, rom 𝑎 = 1 erTeuls da 𝑚 = 1 erTeuls maSin miviRebT, rom 𝐹 = 1
erTeuls. e. i.
Zalis erTeulad iseTi Zalaa miRebuli, romelic erTeulis tol masas
erTeulis tol aCqarebas aniWebs
saerTaSoriso sistemaSi Zalis erTeulad miRebulia 1 niutoni.
1 niutoni aris iseTi Zala, romelic 1 kilogrami masis sxeuls 1 m/wm2 aCqarebas
aniWebs.
xSirad sxeulze modebulia ramodenime Zala, magram igi ise moZraobs,
TiTqos masze mxolod erTi Zala iyos modebuli. mag.: rodesac avtomobili gzaze
moZraobs, masze moqmedebs mravali Zala (borblebsa da gzas Soris xaxunis Zala,
haeris winaaRmdegobis Zala, motoris mier gamomuSavebuli wevis Zala, simZimis
Zala, gzis safaris mxridan moqmedi reaqciis Zala da sxv.), magram avtomobili ise
moZraobs, TiTqos masze mxolod erTi Zala moqmedebdes.
im Zalas, romelic sxeulze moqmedi yvela sxva Zalis moqmedebas cvlis, am
sxeulze moqmedi tolqmedi Zala ewodeba.
1
tolqmedi Zala fiqtiuri (sinamdvileSi ararsebuli) Zalaa. igi sxeulze
moqmedi Zalebis veqtoruli Sekrebis Sedegad miiReba da igi gvexmareba meqanikis
mravali amocana warmatebiT gadaiWras (kerZod mravali Zalis moqmedebas erTi
tolqmediT vcvliT).
yovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT niutonis II kanoni miiRebs saxes:
𝐹⃗ = 𝐹⃗1 + 𝐹⃗2 + 𝐹⃗3 +∙∙∙ +𝐹⃗𝑛 = 𝑚𝑎⃗

sxeulze moqmedi yvela Zalebis tolqmedi masisa da aCqarebis namravlis
tolia
1. sxeulze moqmedi Zala masisa da am sxeulis aCqarebis namravlis tolia
𝐹⃗ = 𝑚𝑎⃗
am kanons niutonis II kanoni ewodeba
2. Zala veqtoruli sididea, misi mimarTuleba emTxveva aCqarebis mimarTulebas
3. Zalis erTeulad iseTi Zalaa miRebuli, romelic erTeulis tol masas erTeulis
tol aCqarebas aniWebs
4. 1 niutoni aris iseTi Zala, romelic 1 kilogrami masis sxeuls 1 m/wm2 aCqarebas
aniWebs.
5. sxeulze moqmedi yvela Zalebis tolqmedi masisa da aCqarebis namravlis
tolia
𝐹⃗ = 𝐹⃗1 + 𝐹⃗2 + 𝐹⃗3 +∙∙∙ +𝐹⃗𝑛 = 𝑚𝑎⃗
2
#16 niutonis III kanoni
nebismier SemTxvevaSi, rodesac erTi sxeuli moqmedebs meoreze, meorec
moqmedebs pirvelze, e. i. nebismieri qmedeba iwvevs ukuqmedebas.
amave dros sxeulTa urTierTqmedebisas maTi aCqarebebis modulebis Sefardeba
masebis Sefardebebis ukuproporciulia
𝑚1 𝑎2
=
𝑚2 𝑎1
amave dros es Sefardeba ar aris damokidebuli urTierTqmedebis xasiaTze.
Sefardebidan gvaqvs:
𝑚1 𝑎1 = 𝑚2 𝑎2
niutonis II kanonis Tanaxmad sxeulis masis namravli am sxeulis aCqarebaze
aris am sxeulze moqmedi Zala. e. i.
𝐹1 = 𝐹2
Tu sxeulTa urTierTqmedebas aqvs adgili, maSin sxeulze modebuli Zalebi
erTi wrfis gaswvriv, erTmaneTis sapirispirod arian mimarTulni, amitom:
𝐹⃗1 = −𝐹⃗2
miviReT niutonis III kanoni:
ori sxeuli urTierTqmedebs moduliT toli da erTnairi bunebis
ZalebiT, romlebic mimarTulia urTierTsapirispirod erTi wrfis gaswvriv
marTalia es Zalebi sididiT toli Zalebia da mimarTulebiT sawinaaRmdego,
magram isini erTmaneTs ver awonasworeben, radgan sxvadasxva sxeulzea modebuli.
niutonis III kanoni mokled asec SegviZlia CamovayaliboT:
nebismieri qmedeba iwvevs ukuqmedebas.
1. ori sxeuli urTierTqmedebs moduliT toli da erTnairi bunebis ZalebiT,
romlebic mimarTulia urTierTsapirispirod erTi wrfis gaswvriv.
𝐹⃗1 = −𝐹⃗2
2. sxvadasxva sxeulze modebuli sididiT toli da mimarTulebiT sawinaaRmdego
Zalebi erTmaneTs ver awonasworebs.
3. erTmaneTs awonasworebs mxolod is Zalebi, romlebic erTi wrfis gaswvriv
erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdegod arian mimarTulni da erTsa da imave sxeulze arian
modebulni.
№ 17. msoflio mizidulobis kanoni. gravitaciuli mudmiva
masebis ZiriTadi Tvisebaa mizidvis unari. e. i. yoveli sxeuli miizidavs sxva
sxeuls, magram niutonis III kanonis Tanaxmad, Tu erTi sxeuli miizidavs meore sxeuls,
maSin meore sxeulic miizidavs pirvels sidididiT toli da mimarTulebiT
sawinaaRmdego ZaliT. amitom ityvian, rom samyaroSi yvela sxeuli urTierTmiizideba
ZaliT. am Zalas msoflio mizidulobis Zala an gravitaciuli Zala ewodeba.
niutonma aRmoaCina kanoni, romelic msoflio mizidulobis kanoniTaa cnobili:
nebismieri ori sxeuli miizideba ZaliT, romlis moduli pirdapirproporciulia
maTi masebis namravlis da ukuproporciulia maT Soris manZilis kvadratisa.
𝑚1 𝑚2
𝐹=𝐺
𝑟2
sadac 𝑚1 da 𝑚2 sxeulTa masebia, 𝑟 -maT Soris manZili, xolo 𝐺 proporciulobis
koeficienti, romelsac msoflio mizidulobis mudmivas, an gravitaciul mudmivas
uwodeben. igi erTnairia bunebaSi arsebuli nebismieri sxeulisaTvis.
sxeulTa gravitaciuli urTierTqmedeba xorcieldeba am sxeulebis irgvliv
arsebuli materialuri garemos-gravitaciuli velis saSualebiT. es veli dakavSirebulia
masasTan. misTvis damaxasiaTebelia mxolod mizidvis unari. amgvarad, masa gansazRvravs
materiis rogorc inerciul, ise gravitaciul Tvisebebs.
msoflio mizidulobis kanoni marTebulia im SemTxvevisTvis, rodesac sxeulebi
SeiZleba CaiTvalos nivTier wertilebad. mizidulobis Zala mimarTulia am wertilebis
SemaerTebeli wrfis gaswvriv.
niutonma aCvena, rom sferos formis sxeulebi iseve urTierTqmedeben, rogorc am
sferos centrSi moTavsebuli imave masis nivTieri wertilebi.
davadginoT gravitaciuli mudmivas fizikuri Sinaarsi:
Tu davuSvebT, rom 𝑚1 = 𝑚2 = 1kg da 𝑟 = 1m, masin gravitaciuli mudmiva 𝐺 = 𝐹.
gravitaciuli mudmiva ricxobrivad im Zalis tolia, romliTac miizideba 1 m-iT
daSorebuli TiTo kilogrami masis ori sxeuli.
ricxobrivad: 𝐺 = 6,67 ∙ 10−11 n∙m2/kg2
es niSnavs, rom 1 metriT daSorebuli TiTo kilogrami masis ori sxeuli
−11
urTierTmiizideba 6,67 ∙ 10 niutoni ZaliT. es Zala Zalian mcirea. amitom ver vamCnevT
mcire masis sxeulTa urTierTmizidvas.
1. nebismieri ori sxeuli miizideba ZaliT, romlis moduli pirdapirproporciulia
maTi masebis namravlis da ukuproporciulia maT Soris manZilis kvadratisa.
𝑚1 𝑚2
𝐹=𝐺
𝑟2
2. gravitaciuli mudmiva ricxobrivad im Zalis tolia, romliTac miizideba 1 m-iT
daSorebuli TiTo kilogrami masis ori sxeuli.
ricxobrivad: 𝐺 = 6,67 ∙ 10−11 n∙m2/kg2
3. sferos formis sxeulebi iseve urTierTqmedeben, rogorc am sferos centrSi
moTavsebuli imave masis nivTieri wertilebi.
4. masisTvis damaxasiaTebelia mxolod mizidvis unari. amgvarad, masa gansazRvravs
materiis rogorc inerciul, ise gravitaciul Tvisebebs.
#18. simZimis Zala. sxeulTa Tavisufali vardna. Tavisufali vardnis aCqareba
msoflio mizidulobis Zalis erT-erTi gamovlenaa simZimis Zala.
Zalas, romliTac dedamiwa izidavs sxeuls simZimis Zala ewodeba
Tu msoflio mizidulobis kanonSi dedamiwis masas aRvniSnavT 𝑀 -iT,

sxeulis masas 𝑚 -iT, xolo dedamiwis radiuss 𝑅 -iT, maSin dedamiwis zedapirze,
mis nebismier wertilSi simZimis Zala gamoiTvleba formuliT:
𝑀𝑚
𝐹=𝐺
𝑅2
(aq gaTvaliswinebulia, rom, sferos formis sxeulebi iseve urTierTqmedeben,
rogorc am sferos centrSi moTavsebuli imave masis nivTieri wertilebi e. i. dedamiwisa
da dedamiwis zedapirze mdebare nebismieri sxeulis urTierTmizidva SeiZleba
ganvixiloT, rogorc ori nivTieri wertilis urTierTmizidva, romlebic erTmaneTisagan
daSorebuli arian dedamiwis radiusis tol manZilze).
niutonis II kanonidan gamomdinare, sxeulze moqmedi simZimis Zalis moduli
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
𝑀𝑚
gatolebiT miviRebT, rom: 𝑚𝑎 = 𝐺 , saidanac:
𝑅2
𝑀
𝑎=𝐺 2
𝑅
Tu davakvirdebiT, SevniSnavT, rom marjvena mxareSi moTavsebuli yvela
sidide (dedamiwis masa, gravitaciuli mudmiva da dedamiwis radiusi) mudmivia.
amitom aCqarebac aris mudmivi. radgan saqme exeba dedamiwas, miRebulia, rom es
mudmivi aCqareba aRvniSnoT g-Ti. anu
𝑀
g=𝐺 2
𝑅
maSin sxeulze moqmedi simZimis Zala:
𝐹 = 𝑚g
ricxobrivad g ≈ 9, 8 m/wm2-ia.
Tu sxeuli dedamiwis zedapiridan aweulia raRac H simaRleze. maSin am sxeulze
moqmedi simZimis Zala gamoiTvleba formuliT:
𝑀𝑚
𝐹=𝐺
(𝑅 + 𝐻)2
xolo simZimis ZaliT gamowveuli aCqareba:
𝑀
g=𝐺
(𝑅 + 𝐻)2
1
simZimis Zala mimarTulia dedamiwis centrisken. Tu sxeulze mxolod
simZimis Zala moqmedebs, maSin igi Tavisuflad vardeba.
Tavisuflad vardna ewodeba sxeulTa moZraobas simZimis Zalis moqmedebiT
vakuumSi.
Tavisuflad vardna TanabradaCqarebuli moZraobaa, amitom am moZraobisas
koordinatis, gadaadgilebis da siCqaris gamoTvla warmoebs TanabradaCqarebuli
moZraobis formulebiT im gansxvavebiT, rom 𝑎⃗ Seicvleba ⃗g⃗-Ti.
⃗𝑣
⃗⃗−𝑣
⃗⃗⃗0 𝑣𝑥 −𝑣0𝑥
⃗g⃗ = 𝑡
; g𝑥 = 𝑡
, anu 𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣0𝑥 + g 𝑥 𝑡,
𝑣𝑥 +𝑣0𝑥 g𝑥 𝑡 2 2
𝑣𝑥2 −𝑣0𝑥
𝑆𝑥 = ∙ 𝑡; 𝑆𝑥 = 𝑣0𝑥 𝑡 + ; 𝑆𝑥 =
2 2 2g𝑥
1. msoflio mizidulobis Zalis erT-erTi gamovlenaa simZimis Zala
2. Zalas, romliTac dedamiwa izidavs sxeuls simZimis Zala ewodeba
3. dedamiwis zedapirze moqmedi simZimis Zala:
𝑀𝑚 𝑀
𝐹 = 𝑚g; g ≈ 9, 8 m/wm2 anu 𝐹=𝐺 sadac g=𝐺 ≈ 9, 8 m/wm2
𝑅2 𝑅2
4. sferos formis sxeulebi iseve urTierTqmedeben, rogorc am sferos centrSi
moTavsebuli imave masis nivTieri wertilebi.
5. Tu sxeuli dedamiwis zedapiridan aweulia raRac H simaRleze. maSin am sxeulze moqmedi
simZimis Zala gamoiTvleba formuliT:
𝑀𝑚
𝐹=𝐺
(𝑅 + 𝐻)2
xolo simZimis ZaliT gamowveuli aCqareba:
𝑀
g=𝐺
(𝑅 + 𝐻)2
6. simZimis Zala mimarTulia dedamiwis centrisken.
7. Tu sxeulze mxolod simZimis Zala moqmedebs, maSin igi Tavisuflad vardeba.
8. Tavisuflad vardna ewodeba sxeulTa moZraobas simZimis Zalis moqmedebiT.
9. Tavisuflad vardna TanabradaCqarebuli moZraobaa, amitom am moZraobisas koordinatis,
gadaadgilebis da siCqaris gamoTvla warmoebs TanabradaCqarebuli moZraobis
formulebiT im gansxvavebiT, rom ⃗⃗ Seicvleba 𝐠
𝒂 ⃗⃗-Ti.
⃗𝑣
⃗⃗−𝑣
⃗⃗⃗0 𝑣𝑥 −𝑣0𝑥
⃗g⃗ =
𝑡
; g𝑥 =
𝑡
, anu 𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣0𝑥 + g 𝑥 𝑡,
𝑣𝑥 +𝑣0𝑥 g𝑥 𝑡 2 2
𝑣𝑥2 −𝑣0𝑥
𝑆𝑥 = ∙ 𝑡; 𝑆𝑥 = 𝑣0𝑥 𝑡 + ; 𝑆𝑥 =
2 2 2g𝑥
2
#19 drekadobis Zala. sixiste. hukis kanoni
𝟏. miuxedavad imisa, rom garegnulad sxeulebi gveCveneba rogorc
erTiani, mTliani sxeuli, igi wyvetili agebulebisaa da Sedgeba
atomebisa da molekulebisagan, romlebic erTmaneTTan urTierTqmedeben.
es urTierTqmedeba ganapirobebs sxeulTa Tvisebebs.
𝟐. yvela atomi (molekula) Seicavs damuxtul nawilakebs (eleqtronebi

da protonebi), romelTa Sorisac arseboben rogorc mizidvis, aseve
ganzidvis Zalebi (erTnairniSniani muxtebi ganizidebian, xolo
sxvadasxvaniSniani muxtebi miizidebian).
𝟑. rodesac sxeulze zemoqmedeba ar aris, aseT SemTxvevaSi atomebs

(molekulebs) Soris mizidvisa da ganzidvis Zalebi moduliT
erTmaneTis tolia.
𝟒. sxeulebze gareSe Zalis zemoqmedebis Sedegad sxeulis Semadgeneli

nawilakebi iwyeben erTmaneTis mimarT wanacvlebas da sxeuli icvlis
formas, an moculobas.
𝟓. sxeulis formis an moculobis cvlilebas deformacia ewodeba.

deformacia SeiZleba iyoc mravali saxis: gaWimvis, Runvis, grexvis,
Zvris das xv.
𝟔. deformacia ori saxisaa: drekadi da plastikuri

𝟕. drekadi deformaciis SemTxvevaSi gareSe zemoqmedebis moxsnis
Semdeg (anu rac igivea, gareSe Zalis moxsnis Semdeg) sxeuli aRidgens
Tavis sawyis mdgomareobas.
𝟖. plastikuri deformaciis SemTxvevaSi gareSe Zalis moxsnis Semdeg

sxeuli veRar aRidgens Tavis sawyis mdgomareobas (formasa da
moculobas). e. i. saqme gvaqvs narCen deformaciasTan.
𝟗. deformaciisas icvleba urTierTmdebareoba atomebsa an molekulebs

Soris. eleqtruli Zalebi (igive deformaciisas aRZruli mizidvisa da
ganzidvis Zalebi), romelTa tolqmedi ukve nulis toli aRar aris,
cdiloben aradginon molekulebis an atomebis sawyisi mdebareoba.
𝟏𝟎. Zalas, romlebic RiZvreba sxeulTa deformaciis dros da sxeulis

Semadgeneli nawilakebis gadaadgilebis sawinaaRmdegod aris mimarTuli
drekadobis Zala ewodeba.
1
𝟏𝟏. sxeulTa gaWimvasa da SekumSvaze Catarebulma mravalma cdam aCvena,
rom:
deformirebul sxeulSi aRZruli drekadobis Zala
proporciulia deformaciis sididisa da mimarTulia
deformirebuli sxeulis nawilakebis gadaadgilebis sawinaaRmdegod
es damokidebuleba gamosaxavs Hhukis kanons
sawyisi sigrZe
wanacvlebis sidide
𝑥
𝐹⃗დრ
wanacvlebis mimarTuleba
𝑥
𝐹⃗დრ
wanacvlebis mimarTuleba
0 𝑥
formuliT:
𝑭დრ = −𝒌𝒙
𝒙
am formulaSi 𝑘 gamosaxavs proporciulobis koeficients, romelsac

sixiste ewodeba
ნიუტონი
𝟏𝟐. saerTaSoriso sistemaSi (Si) sixistis erTeulia 𝟏
მეტრი
ნ
(SemoklebiT 𝟏 ) sixiste damokidebulia geometriul zomebze.
მ
kerZod erTgvarovani Reroebis SemTxvevaSi sixiste proporciulia
Reros ganivkveTis farTobis da ukuproporciulia Reros sawyisi
sigrZis
𝟏𝟑. sazogadod, Reroebis, zambarebisa da bagirebis SemTxvevaSi

drekadobis Zala mimarTulia RerZis gaswvriv.
2
𝟏𝟒. sayrdenSi aRZrul drekadobis Zalas xSirad sayrdenis reaqciis
Zalas uwodeben. igi mimarTulia urTierTqmedi sxeulebis Sexebis
zedapiris marTobulad.
⃗⃗
𝑁 ⃗⃗ reaqciis Zala (igive 𝐹⃗დრ drekadobis Zala)
𝑁
modebulia 𝐴 wertilSi, anu sxeulisa da
sayrdenis Sexebis zedapirze, xolo 𝑚𝑔⃗ simZimis
𝐾 Zala modebulia 𝐾 wertilSi (masaTa centrSi)
𝑚𝑔⃗
𝟏𝟓. sakidelSi aRZrul drekadobis Zalas sakidelis reaqciis Zalas an

sakidelis daWimulobis Zalas uwodeben.
⃗⃗
𝑁 ⃗⃗ reaqciis Zala (igive 𝐹⃗დრ drekadobis Zala;
𝑁
igive daWimulobis Zala modebulia 𝐴 wertilSi,
anu sxeulis dakidebis wertilSi, xolo 𝑚𝑔⃗ simZimis
𝐴 Zala modebulia 𝐾 wertilSi (masaTa centrSi)
𝑚𝑔⃗
3
§ 20. xaxunis Zala. uZraobis xaxuni
1. gravitaciuli da drekadobis Zalebis garda meqanikaSi ganixileba xaxunis
Zala.
2. Zalas, romelic aRiZvreba sxeulTa uSualo Sexebis Sedegad da mimarTulia
urTierTSemxebi sxeulebis zedapirebis gaswvriv moZraobis sapirispirod,
xaxunis Zala ewodeba.
3. xaxunis Zala eleqtromagnituri bunebis Zalaa.
4. ganasxvaveben sami tipis xaxuns: uZraobis, srialis da gorvis.
5. xaxuni vlindeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac vcdilobT adgilidan
davZraT sxeuli.
Hhorizontalur zedapirze movaTavsoT
⃗⃗
𝑁
Zeli, romlis erT boloze mivamagroT
dinamometri (es dinamometri gazomavs im 𝐹⃗
𝐹⃗ xax 𝑂
Zalas, romliTac vmoqmedebT sxeulze.
𝐾
mcire Zalis moqmedebisas Zeli rCeba
uZravi. Cvens SemTxvevaSi Zelakze 𝑚𝑔⃗
moqmedi 𝑚𝑔⃗ simZimis Zala (romelic modebulia 𝑂 wertilSi)
⃗⃗ ZaliT (modebulia 𝐾 wertilSi).
gawonasworebulia sayrdenis reaqciis 𝑁
radgan 𝐹⃗ Zalis moqmedebiT Zeli uZravia, es niSnavs, rom aRiZra am Zalis
sapirispirod mimarTuli Zala, romlis moduli 𝐹⃗ Zalis modulis tolia.

aRZrul Zalas uZraobis xaxunis Zala ewodeba:
uZraobis xaxunis Zala ewinaaRmdegeba sxeulis amoZravebas. sxeulze
moqmedi Zalis gazrdiT xaxunis Zalac izrdeba, magram es gazrda usasrulod
ar xdeba. dadgeba iseTi momenti, rodesac sxeuli daiwyebs srials. am
momentidan sxeulze moqmedebs srialis xaxunis Zala.
uZraobis xaxunis Zala sididiT im Zalis tolia, romelic mocemuli
sxeulis amoZravebas iwvevs.
srialis xaxunis Zala daaxloebiT tolia uZraobis xaxunis Zalis
maqsimaluri mniSvnelobis.
srialis xaxunis Zalis moduli proporciulia sayrdenis reaqciis
Zalis modulisa
𝑭xax= 𝝁𝑵
srialis xaxunis Zala damokidebuli ar aris moxaxune sxeulebis Sexebis
farTobze.
srialis xaxunis Zala mimarTulia Semxebi sxeulebis fardobiTi
siCqaris mimarTulebis sapirispirod. siCqaris mimarTulebis cvlilebisas
icvleba xaxunis Zalis mimarTulebac.
xaxunis Zala iwvevs sxeulis fardobiTi siCqaris Semcirebas.
𝜇 xaxunis koeficientia. igi axasiaTebs orive moxaxune sxeuls. misi
mniSvneloba damokidebulia im masalaze, romlisganac damzadebulia moxaxune
sxeulebi, zedapiris damuSavebis xarisxze, zedapiris SezeTvaze.
zedapirze sxeulis gorvisas aRiZvreba gorvis xaxunis Zala.
Tanabar pirobebSi gorvis xaxunis Zala naklebia srialis xaxunis
Zalaze.
marTalia xaxunis Zala iwvevs sxeulis fardobiTi siCqaris Semcirebas,
magram zogjer igi moZraobis gamomwvevi mizezicaa. xaxunis Zala rom ar
arsebuliyo fexsacmelis lanCsa da niadags Soris, SeuZlebeli iqneboda
siaruli.
uZraobis, srialisa da gorvis xaxuns adgili aqvs myari sxeulebis
Sexebisas, amitom maT mSral xaxunsac uwodeben.
1. Zalas, romelic aRiZvreba sxeulTa uSualo Sexebis Sedegad da mimarTulia
urTierTSemxebi sxeulebis zedapirebis gaswvriv moZraobis sapirispirod,
xaxunis Zala ewodeba.
𝟐. xaxunis Zala eleqtromagnituri bunebis Zalaa.
𝟑. ganasxvaveben sami tipis xaxuns: uZraobis, srialis da gorvis.
𝟒. xaxuni vlindeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac vcdilobT adgilidan
davZraT sxeuli.
𝟓. uZraobis xaxunis Zala sididiT im Zalis tolia, romelic mocemuli
sxeulis amoZravebas iwvevs.
𝟔. srialis xaxunis Zala daaxloebiT tolia uZraobis xaxunis Zalis
maqsimaluri mniSvnelobis.
𝟕. srialis xaxunis Zalis moduli proporciulia sayrdenis reaqciis
Zalis modulisa
𝑭xax= 𝝁𝑵
𝟖. srialis xaxunis Zala damokidebuli ar aris moxaxune sxeulebis
Sexebis farTobze.
𝟗. srialis xaxunis Zala mimarTulia Semxebi sxeulebis fardobiTi
siCqaris mimarTulebis sapirispirod. siCqaris mimarTulebis cvlilebisas
icvleba xaxunis Zalis mimarTulebac.
𝟏𝟎. xaxunis Zala iwvevs sxeulis fardobiTi siCqaris Semcirebas.
𝟏𝟏. 𝝁 xaxunis koeficientia. igi axasiaTebs orive moxaxune sxeuls. misi
mniSvneloba damokidebulia im masalaze, romlisganac damzadebulia
moxaxune sxeulebi, zedapiris damuSavebis xarisxze, zedapiris SezeTvaze.
№ 21. sxeulis impulsi.
niutonis kanonebis gamoyenebiT SesaZlebelia gadavwyvitoT praqtikulad
bevri amocana, magram xSirad ver xerxdeba sxeulze moqmedi Zalebis gansazRvra.
magaliTad, sxeulTa Sejaxebisas, umravles SemTxvevaSi, deformacia rTuli
saxisaa. am dros Zneldeba da zogjer SeuZlebelicaa aRZruli drekadobis Zalis
gamoTvla, amitom unda veZeboT sxva gza. e. i. sxeulze moqmedi Zalis
gamoTvlisaTvis unda gamoviyenoT iseTi sidideebi, romelTa gamoTvla (gazomva)
rTul amocanas ar warmoadgens.
simartivisaTvis ganvixiloT sxeulis TanabradaCqarebuli moZraoba mudmivi
Zalis gavleniT.
davuSvaT sxeuli asrulebs gadataniT moZraobas da moZraobs
TanabradaCqarebulad. maSin niutonis II kanonis Tanaxmad sxeulze modebul
ZalTa tolqmedi
𝐹⃗ = 𝑚𝑎⃗
⃗⃗−𝑣
𝑣 ⃗⃗0 𝑚𝑣
⃗⃗−𝑚𝑣
⃗⃗0
gaviTvaliswinoT, rom 𝑎⃗ = , maSin 𝐹⃗ = 𝑚𝑎⃗ = 𝑚 = . e. i. sabolood
𝑡 𝑡
𝑚𝑣
⃗⃗−𝑚𝑣
⃗⃗0
𝐹⃗ = --------- (1) an 𝐹⃗ 𝑡 = 𝑚𝑣⃗ − 𝑚𝑣⃗0 ------------- (2)
𝑡
Tu davakvirdebiT (1) formulas SevamCnevT, rom sxeulze moqmedi Zala
gamovsaxeT iseTi sididis sxvaobis saxiT, romelSic Semavali sidideebis (masa (𝑚)
da siCqare (𝑣) ) gazomva SedarebiT iolia. amave dros fiqsirdeba sxeulis ori
mdgomareoba (sawyisi mdgomareoba (maSin, roca siCqarea 𝑣⃗0 ) da saboloo
mdgomareoba (maSin roca siCqarea 𝑣⃗ ) da aRar aris saWiro mTeli moZraobis
ganxilva.
sxeulis masis namravls am sxeulis siCqareze, sxeulis impulsi an
moZraobis raodenoba ewodeba.
⃗⃗
formuliT: 𝒎𝒗
sxeulis impulsi veqtoruli sididea. mas yovelTvis sxeulis siCqaris
mimarTuleba gaaCnia.
კგ∙მ
SI sistemaSi sxeulis impulsis sazomi erTeulia 𝟏 . es aris 1 m/wm
წმ
siCqariT moZravi sxeulis impulsi.
yovelive zemoTTqmulidan gamomdinare, niutonis II kanoni ase SegviZlia
CamovayaliboT:
sxeulze moqmedi Zala am sxeulis impulsis cvlilebis tolia
1
Zalis namravls misi moqmedebis droze Zalis impulsi ewodeba.
amrigad, niutonis II kanoni asec SeiZleba CamovayaliboT:
sxeulze moqmedi Zalis impulsi am sxeulis impulsis cvlilebis tolia.
1. sxeulis masis namravls am sxeulis siCqareze, sxeulis impulsi an

moZraobis raodenoba ewodeba.
⃗⃗
formuliT: 𝒎𝒗
2. sxeulis impulsi veqtoruli sididea. mas yovelTvis sxeulis siCqaris

mimarTuleba gaaCnia.
კგ∙მ
3. 𝐒𝐈 sistemaSi sxeulis impulsis sazomi erTeulia 𝟏
წმ
.
es aris 1 m/wm siCqariT moZravi sxeulis impulsi.
4. niutonis II kanoni ase SegviZlia CamovayaliboT:

sxeulze moqmedi Zala am sxeulis impulsis cvlilebis tolia
𝑚𝑣
⃗⃗−𝑚𝑣
⃗⃗0
𝐹⃗ = --------- (1)
𝑡
5. Zalis namravls misi moqmedebis droze Zalis impulsi ewodeba.
⃗⃗
formuliT: 𝒎𝒗
6. niutonis II kanoni asec SeiZleba CamovayaliboT:

sxeulze moqmedi Zalis impulsi am sxeulis impulsis cvlilebis tolia.
𝐹⃗ 𝑡 = 𝑚𝑣⃗ − 𝑚𝑣⃗0 ------------- (2)
2
№ 𝟐𝟐. impulsis mudmivobis kanoni
1. urTierTqmed sxeulTa nebismier sistemaSi drois ganmavlobaSi

icvleba sxeulTa koordinatebi, siCqare, aCqareba. magram arsebobs
koordinatebsa da siCqareze damokidebuli fizikuri sidideebi,
romlebic sxeulTa moZraobisas da urTierTqmedebisas ar icvleba,
anu rogorc amboben emorCileba mudmivobis, anu Senaxvis kanonebs.
2. mudmivobis Tviseba axasiaTebs sxeulis impulss.
3. Caketil sistemaSi sxeulTa impulsebis geometriuli jami mudmivi

sididea am sistemaSi Semaval sxeulTa nebismieri urTierTqmedebis
dros
𝑚1 𝑣⃗1 + 𝑚2 𝑣⃗2 = 𝑚1 𝑣⃗1′ + 𝑚2 𝑣⃗2′

𝑚1 𝑣⃗1 da 𝑚2 𝑣⃗2 aris sxeulTa impulsebi urTierTqmedebamde, xolo
𝑚1 𝑣⃗1′ da 𝑚2 𝑣⃗2′ aris sxeulTa impulsebi urTierTqmedebis Semdeg.
4. Caketili ewodeba sistemas, Tu masSi Semavali sxeulebi mxolod

erTmaneTTan urTierTqmedeben. e. i. maTze sxva sxeulebi ar
moqmedeben.
5. nebismier Caketil sistemaSi mudmivia sxeulTa impulsebis gegmilTa

jami urTierTqmedebamde da urTierTqmedebis Semdeg
′ ′
𝑚1 𝑣1𝑥 + 𝑚2 𝑣2𝑥 = 𝑚1 𝑣1𝑥 + 𝑚2 𝑣2𝑥
№ 23. muSaoba da simZlavre
sityva “muSaoba” xSirad gvxvdeba yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi da sruliad
gansxvavebuli azriT. muSaobas vuwodebT yovelgvar Sromas, maT Soris
gonebrivs.
fizikaSi muSaobas ganixilaven rogorc fizikur sidides.
Tu sxeulze modebuli Zala iwvevs am
sxeulis gadaadgilebas, amboben, rom Zala 𝐹⃗
𝐹⃗1
asrulebs muSaobas.
𝛼 𝐹⃗2 𝑆⃗
Zalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaoba
gamoiTvleba Zalisa da am Zalis moqmedebis
wrfis gaswvriv sxeulis mier Sesrulebuli gadaadgilebis namravliT.
davuSvaT sxeulze modebulia mudmivi 𝐹⃗ Zala horizontisadmi raRac 𝛼
kuTxiT. davSaloT es 𝐹⃗ Zala or Semadgenlad: erTi Semadgeneli iyos 𝐹⃗1 ,
romelic mimarTulia horizontisadmi marTobulad, xolo 𝐹⃗2 Semadgeneli

mimarTuli iyos gadaadgilebis gaswvriv (horizontalurad). am SemTxvevaSi
muSaobas asrulebs gadaadgilebis gaswvriv mimarTuli 𝐹2 Zala. rac Seexeba
𝐹⃗1 Zalas, igi muSaobas ar asrulebs, radgan mis gaswvriv sxeuli ar

gadaadgildeba. e. i.
𝐴 = 𝐹2 ∙ 𝑆
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom 𝐹2 = 𝐹 cos 𝛼, miviRebT, rom
𝑨 = 𝑭 ∙ 𝑺 ∙ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶
Zalis muSaoba tolia Zalisa da gadaadgilebis modulebisa da maT
Soris kuTxis kosinusis namravlis.
muSaoba skalaruli sididea
muSaobis erTeulia jouli (j)
1 jouli = 1 niutoni ∙ 1 metri (1 j =1 n ∙ 1 m )
Tu sxeulze ramdenime Zala moqmedebs, maSin sruli muSaoba (yvela Zalis
muSaoba) tolia am Zalebis tolqmedis muSaobisa.
gadaadgileba fardobiTi sididea, amitom muSaobis sidide damokidebulia
AaTvlis sistemaze.
1
simZlavre
xSirad saWiroa vicodeT ara marto muSaoba, aramed is droc, romlis
ganmavlobaSic es muSaoba Sesrulda. amitom muSaobasTan erTad ganixilaven
misi Sesrulebis siswrafes- simZlavres
simZlavre ewodeba muSaobis Sefardebas im drosTan, romlis
ganmavlobaSic es muSaoba Sesrulda.
𝐴
𝑁=
𝑡
Tu davuSvebT, rom 𝑡 = 1 erTeuls, maSin 𝑁 = 𝐴 e. i.
simZlavre erTeul droSi Sesrulebuli muSaobis tolia.
simZlavre teqnikuri danadgarebis (Zravebi, Carxebi da a. S.) erT-erTi
ZiriTadi maxasiaTebeli sididea.
simZlavre skalaruli sididea. misi erTeuli saerTaSoriso (𝑆𝐼 ) sistemaSi
aris 𝟏 vati ( SemoklebiT vt )
1 ჯოული
1 ვატი =
1 წამი
1 vati aris iseTi simZlavre, rodesac erT wamSi erTi jouli muSaoba
sruldeba
teqnikaSi gamoiyeneba ufro didi erTeulebi: kilovati (kvt) da megavati
(mgvt).
1 kvt = 1000 = 103 vt; 1 mgvt = 1 000 000 = 106 vt.
avtomobilebi, gemebi, TviTmfrinavebi da sxva saxis transporti xSirad
moZraobs mudmivi siCqariT, es imas niSnavs, rom maTi Zravebis mier
gamomuSavebuli wevis Zala gawonwsworebulia garemos winaaRmdegobisa da
xaxunis ZalebiT. am dros Zaluri agregatis (Zrava) mier gamomuSavebuli
wevis Zala asrulebs muSaobas: 𝐴 = 𝐹𝑆 . radgan moZraoba Tanabaria, amitom
am dros Zaluri danadgaris (igivea, rac Zrava, rac agregati) mier
𝐴 𝐹𝑆
ganviTarebuli simZlavre: 𝑁 = 𝑡 = 𝑡 = 𝐹𝑣
𝑁 𝑁
am formulidan: 𝑣=𝐹 an 𝐹=𝑣
nebismieri Zrava gaTvlilia Tavis maqsimalur simZlavreze. amitom Tu
undaT rom gazardon wevis Zala, maSin unda Seamciron siCqare. swored
amitomaa, rom aRmarTSi moZraobisas avtomobilis mZRolebi gadacemaTa
kolofis saSualebiT gadadian dabal siCqareze.
rogorc formulidan Cans, dabali siCqareebiT moZraobisas,
winaaRmdegobis Zala proporciulia. maRali siCqareebiT moZraobisas
2
winaaRmdegobis Zalis moduli sxeulis fardobiTi siCqaris kvadratis
proporciulia: 𝐹ხახ = 𝛽𝑣 2 , sadac 𝛽 aris proporciulobis koeficienti. maSin
simZlavre: 𝑁 = 𝛽𝑣3 .
ukanaskneli formula niSnavs, rom Tu gvsurs, magaliTad, avtomobilis

siCqaris gazrda 2 -jer, misi simZlavre unda gaizardos 8 -jer, rac bevr
teqnikur uxerxulobasTanaa dakavSirebuli.
yoveli manqana, Zrava Tu meqanizmi xasiaTdeba margi qmedebis koeficientiT
(mqk), romelic tolia margi muSaobis fardobisa mTlianad Sesrulebul
muSaobasTan:
𝐴სას 𝑁სას
𝜂= ∙ 100% an 𝜂= ∙ 100%
𝐴 𝑁
margi (sasargeblo muSaoba) yovelTvis naklebia srul muSaobaze. vinaidan
Zravis nawilebs Soris arsebobs xaxuni, romlis daZlevazec unda Sesruldes
muSaoba, amitom 𝜂 < 1
1. Tu sxeulze modebuli Zala iwvevs am sxeulis gadaadgilebas, amboben,
rom Zala asrulebs muSaobas.
2. Zalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaoba gamoiTvleba Zalisa da am Zalis
moqmedebis wrfis gaswvriv sxeulis mier Sesrulebuli gadaadgilebis
namravliT.
3. Zalis muSaoba tolia Zalisa da gadaadgilebis modulebisa da maT

Soris kuTxis kosinusis namravlis.
𝑨 = 𝑭 ∙ 𝑺 ∙ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶
4. muSaoba skalaruli sididea
5. muSaobis erTeulia jouli (j)
1 jouli = 1 niutoni ∙ 1 metri (1 j =1 n ∙ 1 m )
6. simZlavre ewodeba muSaobis Sefardebas im drosTan, romlis

ganmavlobaSic es muSaoba Sesrulda.
𝑨
𝑵=
𝒕
7. simZlavre erTeul droSi Sesrulebuli muSaobis tolia.
3
𝟖. simZlavre skalaruli sididea. misi erTeuli saerTaSoriso ( 𝑆𝐼 ) sistemaSi
aris 𝟏 vati ( SemoklebiT vt )
1 ჯოული
1 ვატი =
1 წამი
1 vati aris iseTi simZlavre, rodesac erT wamSi erTi jouli muSaoba
sruldeba
9. yoveli manqana, Zrava Tu meqanizmi xasiaTdeba margi qmedebis koeficientiT

(mqk), romelic tolia margi muSaobis fardobisa mTlianad Sesrulebul
muSaobasTan:
𝐴სას 𝑁სას
𝜂= ∙ 100% an 𝜂= ∙ 100%
𝐴 𝑁
margi (sasargeblo muSaoba) yovelTvis naklebia srul muSaobaze. vinaidan
Zravis nawilebs Soris arsebobs xaxuni, romlis daZlevazec unda Sesruldes
muSaoba, amitom 𝜂 < 1
4
# 24. energia. kinetikuri da potenciuri energia. sruli
meqanikuri energia. energiis Senaxvis kanoni
1. Tu sxeuls an sxeulTa sistemas aqvs muSaobis Sesrulebis unari, maSin

amboben, rom maT aqvT energia.
2. meqanikaSi ganasxvaveben ori saxis energias: kinetikurs da potenciurs
3. kinetikuri ewodeba energias, romelic sxeuls gaaCnia moZraobis Sedegad.
4. 𝒎 masic mqone sxeulis kinetikuri energia, romelic 𝒗 siCqariT moZraobs,

𝒎𝒗𝟐
gamoiTvleba formuliT: 𝑬კინ =
𝟐
5. Tu sxeulze modebuli Zala iwvevs am sxeulis gadaadgilebas da cvlis

sxeulis siCqares 𝒗𝟎 -dan 𝒗-mde, maSin am Zalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaoba
𝒎𝒗𝟐 𝒎𝒗𝟐𝟎
gamoiTvleba formuliT: 𝑨=
𝟐
− 𝟐
e. i.
𝑨 = 𝑬კინ 𝟐 − 𝑬კინ 𝟏 = ∆𝑬კინ
drois garkveul SualedSi sxeulis (nivTieri wertilis) kinetikuri
energiis cvlileba tolia im muSaobisa, romelsac asrulebs sxeulze
moqmedi Zala am drois SualedSi
6. 𝒎 masis uZrav sxeuls 𝒗 siCqare rom mivaniWoT, unda Sesruldes muSaoba,

𝒎𝒗𝟐 𝒎𝒗𝟐
romelic tolia: 𝑨 =
𝟐
− 𝟎 = 𝟐
amgvarad, garkveuli siCqariT moZravi sxeulis kinetikuri energia tolia
im muSaobisa, romelic unda Sesruldes, rom uZrav sxeuls mieniWos es
siCqare.
7. energias, romelic gaaCniaT sxeulebs (an erTi da imave sxeulis nawilebs)

urTierTqmedebis Sedegad, potenciuri energia ewodeba.
8. potenciuri energia gaaCnia dedamiwis zedapiridan raime simaRleze

atanil sxeuls, radgan igi urTierTqmedebs dedamiwasTan
9. dedamiwidan 𝒉 simaRleze aweul sxeuls dedamiwis mimarT gaaCnia

potenciuri energia, romelic tolia 𝑬პოტ = 𝒎𝒈𝒉
Tu sxeuli simZimis Zalis moqmedebiT nulovani donidan 𝒉𝟏

10.
simaRlidan gadaadgilda 𝒉𝟐 simaRlemde, maSin simZimis
𝑚𝑔⃗
Zalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaoba toli iqneba:
ℎ1
𝑨 = 𝒎𝒈(𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐 ) = 𝒎𝒈𝒉𝟏 − 𝒎𝒈𝒉𝟐 = 𝑬პოტ 𝟏 − 𝑬პოტ 𝟐
an sxvagvarad: 𝑨 = −(𝑬პოტ 𝟐 − 𝑬პოტ 𝟏 )
ℎ2
1
11. simZimisZalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaoba tolia potenciuri energiis
cvlilebisa Sebrunebuli niSniT.
12. kinetikuri energiisagan gansxvavebiT, potenciuri energia SeiZleba

gaaCndes uZrav sxeulsac.
13. sxeulis potenciuri energia damokidebulia nulovani donis arCevaze.
14. simZimis Zalis muSaoba damokidebuli ar aris sxeulis moZraobis

traeqtoriaze, igi damokidebulia sxeulis sawyis da saboloo
mdebareobaze
15. simZimis Zalis muSaoba Caketil wirze nulis tolia.
16. deformirebuli zambaris potenciuri energia gamoiTvleba formuliT:

𝒌𝒙𝟐
𝑬პოტ =
𝟐
17 drekadobis Zalis muSaoba gamoiTvleba formuliT:

𝒌𝒙𝟐 𝒌𝒙𝟐
𝑨 = 𝟐𝟏 − 𝟐𝟐
an sxvagvarad: 𝑨 = −(𝑬პოტ 𝟐 − 𝑬პოტ 𝟏 )
18. potenciuri energia sxeulis an sxeulis Semadgeneli nawilakebis

urTierTqmedebis energiaa
19. sxeulis potenciuri da kinetikuri energiebis jams sxeulis sruli

meqanikuri energia ewodeba
𝑬 = 𝑬პოტ + 𝑬კინ
20. Caketil sistemaSi sxeulTa sruli meqanikuri energia mudmivi sididea am

sistemaSi Semaval sxeulTa meqanikuri energiebis nebismieri
urTierTgardaqmnis dros.
𝑬პოტ𝟏 + 𝑬კინ 𝟏 = 𝑬პოტ𝟐 + 𝑬კინ 𝟐
am kanons meqanikuri energiis mudmivobis kanoni ewodeba.
2
𝑵 𝟐𝟓. Zalis momenti. momentebis wesi. uZravi brunvis RerZis mqone sxeulis
wonasworobis piroba
ganvixiloT sxeuli, romelsac SeuZlia brunva uZravi 𝑂
RerZis garSemo da romelic wonasorobaSia (nax.1).
𝑅⃗⃗
mocemul sxeulze moqmedebs simZimis 𝐴 centrSi modebuli
simZimis 𝑚𝑔⃗ Zala, romelic mimarTulia vertikalurad qvemoT 𝑂
(dedamiwis centrisken). es Zala gamoiwvevs brunvis RerZis 𝐴
deformacias. deformirebul brunvis RerZSi aRiZvreba
drekadobis 𝑅⃗⃗ Zala (reaqciis Zala). es ori Zala awonasworebs 𝑚𝑔⃗
erTmaneTs da niutonis I kanonis Tanaxmad nax. 1
sxeuli iqneba uZrav mdgomareobaSi.
𝑅⃗⃗ aqve SevniSnoT, rom simZimis 𝑚𝑔⃗ Zala, reaqciis 𝑅⃗⃗ Zala, brunvis
𝑂 RerZi da simZimis centri, erT wrfeze mdebareoben.
igive Sedegs miviRebdiT, Tu sxeulze damatebiT movdebdiT
𝐴
𝐹⃗1 Zalebs, romelTa moqmedebis wrfe gadis brunvis 𝑂 RerZze (nax. 2).
axla ganvixiloT aseTi SemTxveva:
𝑚𝑔⃗
imave sxeulis sxvadasxva wertilSi
𝐹⃗2 nax. 2 movdoT ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹1 da 𝐹⃗⃗⃗⃗2 Zalebi ise, rom maTi 𝑂
moqmedebis wrfeebi ar gadiodes brunvis (𝐵)
𝐹⃗1
RerZze (centrze) (nax. 3). radgan 𝑚𝑔⃗ da 𝑅⃗⃗ 𝐹⃗2
Zala erTmaneTs awonasworebs da maTi moqmedebis wrfeebi
gadis brunvis RerZze, amitom, naxazi rom ar gadavtvirToT,
isini naxazze ar aRvniSnoT. 𝐹⃗ 𝐹⃗1
Tu ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹1 da ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹2 Zalebis tolqmedi 𝐹⃗ Zalis moqmedebis wrfe
𝐵
gadis brunvis centrze (RerZze), maSin sxeuli iqneba 𝐹⃗2
wonasworobaSi.
nax. 3
Tu vimoqmedebdiT mxolod ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐹1 ZaliT, maSin sxeuli
Semobrundeboda saaTis isris moZraobis mimarTulebiT. Tu vimoqmedebdiT mxolod
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹2 ZaliT, maSin sxeuli Semobrundeba saaTis isris sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT.
daskvna: Tu damagrebuli (uZravi) brunvis RerZis mqone sxeulze modebulia
iseTi Zala, romelis moqmedebis wrfe ar gadis brunvis RerZze, maSin aseTi Zala
iwvevs sxeulis Semobrunebas brunvis RerZis (centris) mimarT.
davadginoT is piroba, rodesac uZravi brunvis RerZis mqone sxeulze
modebulia iseTi Zalebi, romelTa moqmedebis wrfeebi ar
gadis brunvis RerZze, magram sxeulebi rCebian
wonasworobaSi.
𝑂
𝐵 ganvixiloT sxeuli, romelsac SeuZlia brunva uZravi 𝑂
𝐴 RerZis garSemo (nax. 4).
𝐹⃗1
ganmarteba 𝟏.: brunvis centridan Zalis moqmedebis wrfemde
𝐹⃗2
daSvebul marTobs am Zalis mxari ewodeba.
nax. 4 naxaz 4-ze ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹1 Zalis mxaria 𝑑1 , xolo ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹2 Zalis mxaria 𝑑2 .
Zalis mabrunebel moqmedebas axasiaTeben sididiT,
romelsac Zalis mabrunebeli momenti ewodeba.
1
ganmarteba 𝟐.: Zalis mabrunebeli momenti ewodeba Zalis namravls am Zalis mxarze.
formuliT:
𝑴=𝑭∙𝒅
Zalis mabrunebeli momentis erTeulia 1 niutoni ∙ 1 metri (n∙m)
ganmarteba 𝟑.: damagrebuli (uZravi) brunvis RerZis mqone sxeulis
wonasworobisaTvis sakmarisia am sxeulze moqmedi Zalebis mabrunebel momentTa
algebruli jami 0-is toli iyos.
𝑀1 + 𝑀2 + 𝑀3 + ⋯ + 𝑀𝑛 = 0
SeniSvna: 𝟏. mabrunebeli momenti SeiZleba iyos rogorc
dadebiTi, aseve – uaryofiTi.
mabrunebeli momenti dadebiTia, Tu Zala sxeuls
abrunebs im mimarTulebiT, romelic Cven avirCieT winaswar. 𝑂
𝐵
mabrunebeli momenti uaryofiTia, Tu Zala sxeuls 𝐴
abrunebs im mimarTulebis, sawinaaRmdegod, romelic Cven 𝐹⃗1
avirCieT winaswar. 𝐹⃗2
SeniSvna: 𝟐. brunvis mimarTulebis arCeva Cvenzea
damokidebuli. +
nax. 5
magaliTad: nax. 5-ze gamosaxuli 𝐹⃗1 Zalis mabrunebeli
momentia 𝑀1 = +𝐹1 ∙ 𝑑1 , xolo 𝐹⃗1 Zalis mabrunebeli momentia 𝑀2 = −𝐹2 ∙ 𝑑2 da gveqneba:
𝑀1 + 𝑀2 = 0 anu 𝐹1 ∙ 𝑑1 − 𝐹2 ∙ 𝑑2 = 0
miTiTeba: mabrunebeli momentebis gamoyenebiT amocanebis amoxsnis dros,
sasurvelia visargebloT Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT:
1) SevadginoT ganmartebiTi naxazi, romelzec aRniSnuli iqneba maqsimaluri
informacia (brunvis centri, moqmedi Zalebi, mxari da a. S.)
2) avirCioT brunvis mimarTuleba (brunvis mimarTulebis arCeva Cvenzea
damokidebuli.
3) davweroT momentebis wesi mocemuli brunvis centris mimarT (Zalebis
mabrunebeli momentebis niSnis gaTvaliswinebiT).

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$ 1. meqanikuri moZraoba. gadataniTi da brunviTi moZraoba.

meqanika aris fizikis nawili, romelic Seiswavlis sxeulTa meqanikur

1. qvemoT moyvanili mtkicebulebebidan romelia marTebuli gamonaTqvami?

meqanika aris fizikis nawili, romelic Seiswavlis sxeulTa meqanikur

1. qvemoT moyvanili mtkicebulebebidan romelia marTebuli gamonaTqvami?

TeuliT (nax. 1). zrdadia, roca 𝑣𝑥 > 0 (sxe- 𝑂

Tu sxeulma moZraoba daiwyo aTvlis

1. gamoiyeneT grafikze mocemuli informacia da (m)

a) m/wm b) m/wm g) m/wm

2. samma sxeulma Tanabari moZraobiT gaiara erTi da igive manZili. am

𝑣1 = 36 sm/sT 𝑣2 = 0,01 m/wm 𝑣3 = 10 mm/wm

a) 𝑡2 = 𝑡3 > 𝑡1 ; b) 𝑡2 = 𝑡3 < 𝑡1 ; g) 𝑡1 > 𝑡3 > 𝑡2 ; d) 𝑡3 > 𝑡1 > 𝑡2 ; e) 𝑡1 = 𝑡2 = 𝑡3

a) 𝑣1 > 𝑣2 > 𝑣3 b) 𝑣1 < 𝑣2 < 𝑣3

a) samive ubanze erTmaneTis tolia b) udidesia 𝐴𝐵 ubanze

10. sxeulis siCqaris modulis droze 𝑣 (m/wm)

14. Tu Tanabrad moZravi sxeuli 1 sT-Si gadis 60 km-s, maSin is 5 wT-Si

20. koordinatis cvlilebis grafikis

21. dakvirvebis dawyebamde 2 wm-iT adre nivTieri wertili imyofeboda 𝑥1 = −6

naxazze erTi da igive 𝑀 sxeulis mdebareoba mocemulia sami sxvadasxva

2. sxeulis siCqare uZravi damkvirveblis (𝑉 ⃗⃗) mimarT tolia ori siCqaris

garda siCqaris droze damokidebulebis grafikisa, xSirad

meqanikis ZiriTadi amocanaa sxeulis gadaadgilebis povna drois

gavixsenoT, rom Tanabari moZraobisas

analogiurad, TanabradaCqarebuli moZraobis dros gadaadgilebis

simartivisaTvis ganvixiloT is SemTxveva, rodesac 𝑎𝑥 > 0. (nax. 2).

droTa RerZze gamovyoT Zalian mcire drois (𝑡2 − 𝑡1 ) Sualedi, maSin

Tu am formulaSi CavsvamT 𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣0𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 mniSvnelobas, miviRebT:

𝑣0𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 + 𝑣0𝑥 2𝑣0𝑥 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡2 𝑎 𝑥 𝑡2

gamovTvaloT TanabradaCqarebuli moZraobis gadaadgileba im SemTxvevaSi,

TanabradaCqarebuli moZraobis dros gadaadgilebis gegmili drois kvadratis

gadaadgilebis 𝑆⃗1 veqtori sididiT gansxvavdeba 𝑀𝐴𝑁

gansxvavebuli iqneba realuri siCqarisagan da igi mimarTuli iqneba ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

ufro mcire iqneba gansxvaveba 𝑆⃗2 gadaadgilebiT gansazRvrul siCqaresa da

moZraobaTa erToblioba, amitom mrudwiruli 𝑂2

4. 𝐒𝐢 sistemaSi kuTxuri siCqaris erTeulia 𝟏 rad/wm.

𝑣⃗1 mxebis gaswvriv, Sesabamisad ∆𝑣⃗ mimarTuli iqneba

1. Tanabari moZraoba wrewirze aCqarebuli moZraobaa. es aCqareba

𝟏. meqanikis nawils, romelSic sxeulis aCqarebis gamomwvevi mizezebi da maTi

𝟐. Tavdapirvelad dinamikaSi Seiswavleba is pirobebi, rodesac sxeuli Tanabrad

𝟑. sxeulis uZraobis , an Tanabrad moZraobis pirobebs Seiswavlis kanoni,

arsebobs iseTi aTvlis sistemebi, romelTa mimarTac gadataniTad moZravi sxeulebi

𝟒. sxvagvarad niutonis I kanoni aris kanoni inerciis Sesaxeb.

𝟓. inercia aris sxeulis Tviseba SeinarCunos Tavisi siCqare.

𝟔. niutonis I kanoni samarTliania aTvlis inerciuli sistemebis mimarT

7. aTvlis inerciuli sistema ewodeba iseT sistemebs, romlebic erTmaneTis

8. niutonis I kanoni asec SegviZlia CamovayaliboT:

arsebobs iseTi aTvlis sistemebi, romelTa mimarTac gadataniTad moZravi

niutonis I kanonis Tanaxmad yvela sxeuli cdilobs SeinarCunos Tavisi

sxeulis Tvisebas, SeinarCunos Tavisi siCqare, inercia ewodeba

rac ufro inertulia (inerciulia) sxeuli, miT ufro naklebad icvlis

1. sxeulis Tvisebas, SeinarCunos Tavisi siCqare, inercia ewodeba

2. masis etalonad miRebulia platina-iridiumis Senadnobisagan damzadebuli cilindris masa,

romelic inaxeba zoma-wonis saerTaSoriso biuroSi qalaq sevrSi, parizis maxloblad.

masis am etalonis masas kilogrami uwodes (Semoklebulad kg).

3. sxeulis masa gviCvenebs, Tu ramdenjer metia masTan urTierTqmedebaSi myofi masis

etalonis aCqareba mis sakuTar aCqarebaze.

4. masebs axasiaTebT mizidvis unari

5. masebs axasiaTebT Sekrebadobis unari

sxvadasxva nivTierebebisagan damzadebul toli moculobis mqone sxeulTa

sxeulis erT-erTi ZiriTadi Tvisebaa SeinarCunos siCqare. sxeulis es

𝐹⃗ = 𝐹⃗1 + 𝐹⃗2 + 𝐹⃗3 +∙∙∙ +𝐹⃗𝑛 = 𝑚𝑎⃗

1. ori sxeuli urTierTqmedebs moduliT toli da erTnairi bunebis ZalebiT,

romlebic mimarTulia urTierTsapirispirod erTi wrfis gaswvriv.

2. sxvadasxva sxeulze modebuli sididiT toli da mimarTulebiT sawinaaRmdego