NAMA : DYAH YULINAR CAHYANINGRUM

NIM : 202133263

JUDUL : PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN

PENULIS : Kayyis Fithri Ajhuri, M.A

DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR .....................................................................................................iii

I.PENDAHULUAN .........................................................................................................1
II.KONSEP PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN, RUANG LINGKUP DAN MANFAAT
MEMPELAJARI PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN ......................................................3
A. Konsep Psikologi Perkembangan .............................................................................3
B. Ruang Lingkup Psikologi Perkembangan .................................................................7
C. Manfaat Mempelajari Psikologi Perkembangan .......................................................9
III.FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERKEMBANGAN, TEORI-TEORI
PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN ..............................................................10
A. Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Perkembangan Individu ..................................10
B. Teori-Teori yang Mempengaruhi Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan .......................14
C. Hukum - Hukum Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan ................................................17
IV.METODE – METODE PENYELIDIKAN DALAM PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN
........................................................................................................................................21
A. Metode Eksperimen dan Tes ..................................................................................21
B. Metode Klinis .........................................................................................................22
C. Metode Observasi (Pengamatan) ...........................................................................23
D. Metode Cross Section .............................................................................................24
E. Metode Longitudinal ..............................................................................................25
F. Metode Interview .....................................................................................................25
G. Metode Questionnaire atau Anqueto ......................................................................25
H. Metode Collection (Pengumpulan)......................................................................... 26
V.ASPEK- ASPEK YANG MENGALAMI PERKEMBANGAN PADA INDIVIDU . .29
A. Perkembangan Fisik ...............................................................................................29
B. Perkembangan Intelegensi ......................................................................................30
C. Perkembangan Emosi .............................................................................................33
 D. Pekembangan Bahasa .............................................................................................35
E. Perkembangan Sosial ..............................................................................................36
F. Perkembangan Kepribadian ....................................................................................37
G. Perkembangan Moral ..............................................................................................39
H. Perkembangan kesadaran beragama .......................................................................40
VI.HAKIKAT PERTUMBUHAN, PERKEMBANGAN DAN KEMATANGAN BESERTA
PRINSIP-PRINSIPNYA ................................................................................................41
A. Hakikat Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan ..............................................................41
B. Prinsip - Prinsip Perkembangan Dalam Psikologi ..................................................46
VII.PERIODISASI – PERIODISASI DALAM PERKEMBANGAN ............................49
A. Periodisasi Perkembangan Berdasarkan Ciri-ciri Biologis .....................................49
B. Periodisasi Perkembangan Berdasarkan Konsep Didaktis ......................................53
C. Periodisasi Perkembangan Berdasarkan Ciri-ciri Psikologis ..................................54
D. Periodisasi Perkembangan Berdasarkan Konsep Tugas Perkembangan .................56
E. Periodisasi Perkembangan Berdasarkan Konsep Islam ...........................................57
VIII.TUGAS – TUGAS PERKEMBANGAN INDIVIDU .............................................60
A. Pengertian Tugas-tugas Perkembangan ...................................................................60
B. Sumber tugas-tugas perkembangan .........................................................................61
C. Tugas-Tugas Perkembangan Pada Setiap Fase Perkembangan ................................62
IX.PERKEMBANGAN PADA MASA PRANATAL DAN PASCA NATAL ..............76
A. Konsepsi dan Awal Kelahiran .................................................................................76
B. Fase-Fase Perkembangan Prenatal ..........................................................................78
C. Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Perkembangan Prenatal ..................................81
D. Perkembangan Pasca Natal .....................................................................................84
X.PERKEMBANGAN PADA MASA BAYI ................................................................88
A. Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Perkembangan pada Masa Bayi .......................89
B. Perkembangan Pada Masa Bayi ..............................................................................89
C. Konsep Penting Pada Bayi ....................................................................................102
XI.PERKEMBANGAN PADA MASA PRA SEKOLAH ............................................104
A. PENGERTIAN ANAK PRASEKOLAH ..............................................................104
B. PERKEMBANGAN ANAK PRA SEKOLAH .....................................................106
XII.PERKEMBANGAN PADA MASA USIA SEKOLAH .........................................114
A. Pengertian Perkembangan Pada Usia Sekolah ......................................................114
B. Syarat – syarat masuk sekolah ..............................................................................115
C. Aspek-aspek Perkembangan masa sekolah ...........................................................116
D. Karakterististik Anak Pada Usia Sekolah .............................................................121
XIII.PERKEMBANGAN PADA MASA REMAJA ....................................................122
 A. Ciri-ciri Umum Masa Remaja ...............................................................................122
B. Proses Perubahan pada Masa Remaja ...................................................................125
C. Tugas-tugas Perkembangan Pada Masa Remaja ...................................................129
D. Mencari Identitas Diri pada Masa Remaja ............................................................131
XIV.PERKEMBANGAN PADA MASA DEWASA ...................................................135
A. Pengertian Perkembangan pada Masa Dewasa .....................................................135
B. Fase – fase Perkembangan pada Masa Dewasa ....................................................138
C. Tahapan Perkembangan pada Masa Dewasa ........................................................142
XV.PERKEMBANGAN PADA MASA LANSIA .......................................................150
A. Kemampuan Fisik pada Masa Lansia ...................................................................150
B. Menurunnya Berbagai Kemampuan pada Lansia .................................................152
C. Kepribadian pada Masa Lansia .............................................................................155
D. Penyesuaian Sosial pada Lansia ............................................................................156
KESIMPULAN ............................................................................................................158
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................................161
Tentang Penulis .............................................................................................................164

JUDUL : PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN ANAK USIA DINI

PENULIS : Dr. Masganti Sit, M.Ag

DAFTAR ISI

Kata Pengantar ...........................................................................................................................v

Daftar Isi ..................................................................................................................................vii
BAB I
PENGANTAR PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN ANAK USIA DINI ....................................1
A. Pengertian Psikologi Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini 1
B. Ruang Lingkup Psikologi Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini ............................................5
C. Sejarah dan Studi Modern tentang Anak Usia Dini .......................................................7
D. Proses dan Periode Perkembangan ................................................................................9
E. Masalah Perkembangan ...............................................................................................12
F. Metode Penelitian Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini ......................................................18
G. Manfaat Mempelajari Psikologi Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini Bagi Guru PAUD ....19
BAB II
TEORI PERKEMBANGAN ANAK USIA DINI DALAM PERSPEKTIF PSIKOLOG BARAT
..................................................................................................................................................21
 A. Pendahuluan ................................................................................................................21
B. Teori-Teori Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini ................................................................21
1. Teori Psikoanalisis ...............................................................................................21
2. Teori Psikososial ..................................................................................................31
3. Teori Kognitif ......................................................................................................37
4. Teori Perilaku dan Belajar Sosial .........................................................................47
5. Teori Ekologi ......................................................................................................57
BAB III
PERKEMBANGAN ANAK DALAM AL-QUR’AN DAN HADIS .......................................61
A. Pendahuluan ...............................................................................................................61
B. Perkembangan-Perkembangan Manusia dalam Al-Hadis dan Hadis ..........................62
1. Perkembangan Fisik ............................................................................................62
2. Perkembangan Kognitif .......................................................................................72
3. Perkembangan Agama .........................................................................................75
4. Perkembangan Akhlak atau Moral .......................................................................78
BAB IV
PERKEMBANGAN FISIK ANAK USIA DINI .....................................................................82
A. Ruang Lingkup Pertumbuhan Fisik Anak Usia Dini ....................................................82
B. Perubahan dalam Ukuran Badan ..................................................................................82
C. Perubahan Bentuk Badan .............................................................................................86
D. Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Otak ........................................................................86
E. Perkembangan Kemampuan Motorik Kasar ...............................................................91
F. Perkembangan Kemampuan Motorik Halus ...............................................................95
G. Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Perkembangan Fisik Anak Usia Dini .................100
BAB V
PERKEMBANGAN KOGNITIF ANAK USIA DINI ............................................................101
A. Perkembangan Kognitif Menurut Jean Piaget ............................................................101
B. Perkembangan Kognitif Menurut Vygotsky .............................................................113
BAB VI
PERKEMBANGAN AGAMA PADA ANAK USIA DINI ...................................................120
A. Teori Pertumbuhan Agama Pada Anak .....................................................................120
B. Tahap Perkembangan Jiwa Beragama Pada Anak .....................................................126
C. Sifat Beragama Pada Anak-anak ...............................................................................129
D. Pandangan Anak terhadap Beberapa Ajaran Agama .................................................132
E. Minat Beragama Pada Anak ......................................................................................135
F. Usaha Mengembangkan Jiwa Keagamaan Anak Pada Anak Usia Dini ....................136
BAB VII
PERKEMBANGAN MORAL ANAK USIA DINI. ...............................................................146
A. Perkembangan Moral Pada Anak Usia Dini .............................................................146
B. Teori-Teori Perkembangan Moral Anak Usia Dini. ...................................................148
C. Strategi Pembelajaran untuk Mengembangkan Moral Anak Usia Dini .....................157
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .............................................................................................................168

JUDUL : PSIKOLOGI UMUM 1

PENULIS :
- Dr. Intaglia Harsanti
- Anugriaty Indah A., S.Psi.,M.Si.
- Widiastuti, Skom., MMSI.

DAFTAR ISI

Cover ..........................................................................................................................................i
KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................................ii
DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................................iii
BAB 1
SEJARAH PSIKOLOGI ...........................................................................................................1
PENGERTIAN PSIKOLOGI ...................................................................................................2
PSIKOLOGI SEBAGAI SUATU ILMU ..................................................................................2
PENERAPAN PSIKOLOGI .....................................................................................................3
PSIKOLOGI ADALAH ILMU YANG MEMPELAJARI PERILAKU .....................................3
BEBERAPA DISIPLIN YANG MEMILIKI STUDI TENTANG PERILAKU .......................4
FUNGSI PSIKOLOGI DAN METODE DALAM PSIKOLOGI ..............................................4
Metode Eksperimen ..................................................................................................................4
Observasi yang Sistematis ........................................................................................................9
Metode Klinis .........................................................................................................................11
PERTANYAAN-PERTANYAAN .........................................................................................12
BAB 2
ISU KRITIS DAN PHILISOPHIS ..........................................................................................16
PSIKOLOGI FILOSOFIS ......................................................................................................17
Rationalisme Descrates ...........................................................................................................17
Empirisme John Locke ...........................................................................................................17
BERBAGAI PENDEKATAN DAN ALIRAN DALAM PSIKOLOGI ....................................18
Strukturalisme ........................................................................................................................18
Fungsionalisme (Psikologi Fungsional) ..................................................................................19
Behaviorisme (Psikologi Behaviorisme) ................................................................................20
Juan Petrovich Pavlov (1849 - 1936) ......................................................................................20
Edward Lee Thorndike (1874 - 1949) .....................................................................................21
Burrhus Frederick Skinner (1984 - 1990) ...............................................................................22
John B. Watson (1879 - 1958) ................................................................................................23
PERTANYAAN-PERTANYAAN .........................................................................................24
BAB 3
SEJARAH DAN PERKEMBANGAN PSIKOLOGI .............................................................26
EARLY GREEK RELIGION .................................................................................................27
ABAD PERTENGAHAN ......................................................................................................32
TOKOH-TOKOH FILSAFAT ABAD PERTENGAHAN .....................................................32
Plotinus ( 204 – 270 M ) .........................................................................................................32
Augustinus ( 354 – 430 M) .....................................................................................................33
Boethius ..................................................................................................................................33
Anselmus ................................................................................................................................33
Thomas Aquinas ( 1225 – 1274) .............................................................................................33
MASA RENAISSANS ( 14 – 16 M ) .....................................................................................33
TOKOH-TOKOH ZAMAN RENAISSANS ..........................................................................34
PERTANYAAN-PERTANYAAN .........................................................................................35
BAB 4
PSIKOLOGI DI ABAD 19 ......................................................................................................36
KONTEKS SOSIAL JERMAN ..............................................................................................37
RIWAYAT DAN PEMIKIRAN WUNDT .............................................................................37
Pandangan tentang Psikologi sebagai Ilmu dan Metode .........................................................38
STRUKTURALISME: E. B. TITCHENER ...........................................................................40
PERTANYAAN-PERTANYAAN .........................................................................................41
BAB 5
PSIKOLOGI MODERN .........................................................................................................42
STRUKTURALISME ............................................................................................................43
FUNGSIONALISME .............................................................................................................44
Willliam James (1842-1910) ..................................................................................................45
James Rowland Angell (1869-1949) ......................................................................................45
John Dewey (1859-1952) .......................................................................................................45
BEHAVIOURISME ...............................................................................................................46
Beberapa Tokoh Behaviourisme yang Terkenal .....................................................................47
John B. Watson (1878-1958) ..................................................................................................47
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) .......................................................................................................47
PSIKOANALISIS ..................................................................................................................47
Sigmund Freud, Bapak Psikoanalis ........................................................................................48
Pokok-Pokok Teori Freud Mengenai Psikoanalisa .................................................................49
Struktur Kepribadian ..............................................................................................................49
Pandangan Psikoanalisis .........................................................................................................50
HUMANISTIK .......................................................................................................................53
Prinsip Utama .........................................................................................................................54
Tokoh .....................................................................................................................................54
Carl Rogers (1902 - 1988) ......................................................................................................54
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) ...............................................................................................55
GESTALT ..............................................................................................................................55
PERTANYAAN-PERTANYAAN .........................................................................................57
BAB 6
PSIKOLOGI KONTEMPORER ............................................................................................59
AREA SPESIALIS DALAM PSIKOLOGI ............................................................................60
BEBERAPA SPESIALIS UTAMA DALAM PSIKOLOGI ...................................................60
PERTANYAAN-PERTANYAAN .........................................................................................63
BAB 7
BUDAYA TIMUR DALAM PSIKOLOGI ............................................................................66
PERTANYAAN-PERTANYAAN .........................................................................................70
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .............................................................................................................73
DAFTAR ISTILAH
PROFIL PENULIS

JUDUL : PSIKOLOGI AGAMA BARAT DAN PSIKOLOGI ISLAMI

PENULIS :
- Endang Kartikowati, S.Ag.
- Dr. Zubaedi, M.Ag., M.Pd.

DAFTAR ISI

Kata Pengantar ..................................................................................................................v

Daftar Isi ..........................................................................................................................xi
Bab 1 Pendahuluan ...........................................................................................................1
Bab 2 Perkembangan Keberagaman Menurut Paradigma Psikologi ..............................17
A. Teori tentang Sumber jiwa Keberagamaan .........................................................17
B. Motivasi Beragama .............................................................................................23
C. Periodisasi Perkembangan Keberagamaan Manusia ..........................................38
Bab 3 Perkembangan Keberagamaan Manusia Menurut Psikologi Islam ......................47
A. Tinjauan Tentang Struktur Kepribadian Manusia ..............................................47
B. Keberagamaan Menurut Fitrah ...........................................................................81
C. Motivasi Beragama Menurut Psikologi Islami ...................................................92
D. Teori Perkembangan Keberagamaan Menurut Psikologi Islami ......................101
Bab 4 Perbandingan Konsepsi Perkembangan Keberagamaan Menurut Psikologi Agama
Barat dengan Psikologi Islam .......................................................................................119
A. Sorotan Terhadap Konsepsi Sumber-sumber Jiwa Keberagamaan ..................119
B. Sorotan Terhadap Motivasi Beragama .............................................................131
C. Sorotan Terhadap Periodisasi Perkembangan Keberagamaan .........................137
Bab 5 Penutup ...............................................................................................................147
Daftar Pustaka ...............................................................................................................151
Para Penulis ..................................................................................................................157

JUDUL : PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN ANAK

PENULIS : Sri Wahyuni, M.Psi

DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................................i

DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................................ii
BAB I: PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................1
1.1 PERSPEKTIF MASA HIDUP ...............................................................1
1.2 KARAKTERISTIK PERSPEKTIF MASA HIDUP ..............................4
BAB II: PENGERTIAN PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN ........................................7
2.1. PERKEMBANGAN ...............................................................................8
2.2. PERTUMBUHAN ..............................................................................1 1
2.3. PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN ......................................................14
BAB III: OBJEK, TUJUAN DAN MANFAAT PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN . . 20
3.1. OBJEK PENELITIAN .........................................................................20
3.2. TUJUAN MEMPELAJARI PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN ..........21
3.3. MANFAAT MEMPELAJARI PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN ......22
BAB IV: RUANG LINGKUP DAN SIFAT-SIFAT DALAM PSIKOLOGI
PERKEMBANGAN ....................................................................................................25
4.1 RUANG LINGKUP PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN ....................25
4.2 SIFAT-SIFAT PERKEMBANGAN ....................................................29
BAB V: TEORI PERKEMBANGAN, SEJARAH DAN ALIRAN PSIKOLOGI .....31
5.1. TEORI PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN ...........................................32
5.2. SEJARAH PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN ......................................35
BAB VI : METODE PENDEKATAN DAN ALIRAN PSIKOLOGI DALAM
PERKEMBANGAN ....................................................................................................41
6.1. METODE PENDEKATAN UMUM ...................................................41
6.2. METODE PENDEKATAN KHUSUS ................................................44
6.3. ALIRAN-ALIRAN DALAM PSIKOLOGI ........................................47
BAB VII: PRINSIP-PRINSIP PERKEMBANGAN ...................................................50
7.1. PRINSIP PERKEMBANGAN ............................................................50
7.2. PSIKOLOGI SEBAGAI ILMU YANG MANDIRI .............................55
7.3. WAJAH PSIKOLOGI MEMASUKI ABAD KE-20 ...........................61
BAB VIII: PERKEMBANGAN MASA BAYI ..........................................................64
8.1. PENGERTIAN MASA BAYI .............................................................64
8.2. CIRI-CIRI MASA BAYI .....................................................................64
8.3. TUGAS DALAM MASA PERKEMBANGAN BAYI .......................66
8.4. KETERAMPILAN PADA MASA BAYI ...........................................76
8.5. PENTINGNYA HUBUNGAN KELUARGA .....................................77
8.6. FUNGSI PSIKOLOGIS ........................................................................78
8.7. BAHAYA DALAM MASA BAYI ........................................................78
8.8 TAHAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN BAYI .............83
BAB IX: PERKEMBANGAN MASA KANAK-KANAK ...........................................88
9.1. MASA ANAK AWAL ..........................................................................88
9.2. TUGAS-TUGAS PERKEMBANGAN MASA KANAK ....................90
9.3. PERKEMBANGAN MASA KANAK-KANAK AKHIR ..................107
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................................125