2
BAHAGIAN A: ALAM SEKITAR FIZIKAL
TEMA 1
SISTEM ATMOSFERA
3
TOPIK 1: STRUKTUR DAN KANDUNGAN ATMOSFERA
Soalan 1
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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iii.___________________________________________________________________________
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4
d. Mengapakah penurunan suhu berlaku apabila ketinggian bertambah di lapisan
troposfera? (6M)
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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iii.___________________________________________________________________________
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e. Huraikan TIGA faktor semula jadi yang mengganggu sistem atmosfera (6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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iii.___________________________________________________________________________
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Soalan 2
a. Bincangkan kepentingan lapisan atmosfera terhadap perubahan unsur cuaca dan iklim.
(10M)
b. Sejauhmanakah aktiviti manusia menggganggu sistem atmosfera. (15M)
5
Soalan 3
6
SKEMA JAWAPAN
Soalan 1
7
d. Mengapakah penurunan suhu berlaku apabila ketinggian bertambah di lapisan
troposfera? (6M)
e. Huraikan TIGA faktor semula jadi yang mengganggu sistem atmosfera (6M)
Soalan 2
a. Bincangkan kepentingan lapisan atmosfera kepada perubahan unsur cuaca dan iklim.
(10M)
8
b. Sejauhmanakah aktiviti manusia mengganggu sistem atmosfera. (15M)
Soalan 3
9
b. Jelaskan 5 perbezaan antara lapisan troposfera dan stratosfera. (10M)
10
TOPIK 2: CUACA DAN IKLIM
Soalan 1
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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c. Jelaskan perbezaan kadar tukaran adiabatik basah dan kadar tukaran adiabatik kering.
(4M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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11
d. Jelaskan perbezaan antara kadar tukaran sekitaran dan kadar tukaran adiabatik.
(4M)
i.
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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Soalan 2
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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iii.___________________________________________________________________________
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12
c. Jelaskan TIGA jenis angin tempatan. (6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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iii.___________________________________________________________________________
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Soalan 3
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i.___________________________________________________________________________
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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iii.___________________________________________________________________________
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13
c. Jelaskan kesan hujan yang berpanjangan terhadap aktiviti pertanian (6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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iii.___________________________________________________________________________
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Soalan 4
Soalan 5
a. Jelaskan faktor fizikal yang mempengaruhi taburan suhu secara mendatar di atas
permukaan bumi. (13M)
b. Jelaskan kesan peningkatan suhu secara melampai terhadap persekitaran manusia.
(12M)
14
SKEMA JAWAPAN
Soalan 1
c. Jelaskan perbezaan kadar tukaran adiabatik basah dan kadar tukaran adiabatik kering.
(4M)
15
d. Jelaskan perbezaan antara kadar tukaran sekitaran dan kadar tukaran adiabatik.
(4M)
Soalan 2
16
Fakta (/), Proses (/), Kesan (X)= 2 markah
Fakta (/), Proses (X), Kesan (X)= 1 markah
Fakta (X), Proses (/), Kesan (/)= 0 markah
Fakta (/), Proses (X), Kesan (/)= 1 markah
Soalan 3
17
B3 Hujan 3
Perenggan
Mana-mana 2 isi X 3M = 6 Markah
Fakta (/), Proses (/), Kesan (/)= 3 markah
Fakta (/), Proses (/), Kesan (X)= 2 markah
Fakta (/), Proses (X), Kesan (X)= 1 markah
Fakta (X), Proses (/), Kesan (/)= 0 markah
Fakta (/), Proses (X), Kesan (/)= 1 markah
c. Jelaskan pengaruh hujan yang turun secara berpanjangan terhadap aktiviti pertanian
(6M)
Soalan 4
18
b. Jelaskan proses yang menyebabkan berlakunya imbangan bahangan. (12M)
19
Soalan 5
a. Jelaskan faktor fizikal yang mempengaruhi taburan suhu secara mendatar di atas
permukaan bumi. (13M)
20
TOPIK 3: KAITAN SISTEM ATMOSFERA DENGAN MANUSIA
Soalan 1
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b. Terangkan DUA kesan fenomena El-Nino terhadap perubahan unsur cuaca di Asia
Tenggara. (4M)
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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c. Huraikan DUA kesan fenomena El-Nino terhadap aktiviti pertanian di Asia Tenggara.
(4M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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21
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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Soalan 2
Soalan 3
Soalan 4
a. Jelaskan enam perubahan unsur cuaca di kawasan Pasifik Barat akibat fenomena La
Nina. (12M)
b. Bincangkan enam kesan fenomena La Nina terhadap aktiviti manusia di kawasan
Asia Tenggara. (13M)
22
SKEMA JAWAPAN
Soalan 1
b. Terangkan DUA kesan fenomena El-Nino terhadap perubahan unsur cuaca di Asia
Tenggara. (4M)
c. Huraikan DUA kesan fenomena El-Nino terhadap aktiviti pertanian di Asia Tenggara.
(4M)
23
Mana-mana 2 isi X 2 M = 4 Markah
Soalan 2
24
c. Bincangkan kesan siklon tropika terhadap alam sekitar fizikal. (13M)
Soalan 3
25
Soalan 4
a. Jelaskan ENAM perubahan unsur cuaca di kawasan Pasifik Barat akibat fenomena La
Nina. (12M)
26
TOPIK 4: PERUBAHAN IKLIM
Soalan 1
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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iii.___________________________________________________________________________
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c. Jelaskan TIGA kesan perubahan iklim terhadap alam sekitar fizikal. (6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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iii.___________________________________________________________________________
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27
Soalan 2
a. Nyatakan tiga gas utama yang menyumbang kepada penipisan lapisan ozon.
(3M)
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b. Jelaskan TIGA kesan penipisan lapisan ozon terhadap alam sekitar manusia.
(6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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iii.___________________________________________________________________________
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c. Cadangkan tiga langkah bukan perundangan bagi mengatasi penipisan lapisan ozon.
(6M)
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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28
Soalan 3
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b. Jelaskan TIGA punca semulajadi yang menyebabkan meningkatnya kejadian gas rumah
hijau. (6M)
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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iii.___________________________________________________________________________
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c. Jelaskan TIGA kesan kejadian gas rumah hijau terhadap alam sekitar. (6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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iii.___________________________________________________________________________
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29
Soalan 4
Soalan 5
Soalan 6
a. Bagaimana perubahan unsur cuaca dan iklim dapat memberi kesan kepada aktiviti
pertanian di kawasan Tropika Lembap. (13M)
b. Jelaskan langkah-langkah yang sesuai bagi mengurangkan kesan perubahan unsur-
unsur cuaca yang drastik di Malaysia. (12M)
Soalan 7
30
SKEMA JAWAPAN
Soalan 1
c. Jelaskan TIGA kesan perubahan iklim terhadap alam sekitar fizikal. (6M)
31
Soalan 2
a. Nyatakan TIGA gas utama yang menyumbang kepada penipisan lapisan ozon.
(3M)
b. Jelaskan TIGA kesan penipisan lapisan ozon terhadap alam sekitar manusia. (6M)
c. Cadangkan tiga langkah bukan perundangan bagi mengatasi penipisan lapisan ozon.
(6M)
32
Soalan 3
b. Jelaskan TIGA punca semulajadi yang menyebabkan berlakunya kejadian gas rumah
hijau. (6M)
c. Jelaskan TIGA kesan peningkatan gas rumah hijau terhadap alam sekitar manusia.
(6M)
33
Soalan 4
Soalan 5
34
A9 Pereputan kawasan paya 2
Jika semua faktor aktiviti manusia= 10 markah maksimum
Jika semua faktor fizikal = 10 markah maksimum
Jika mana-mana 6 isi jawapan dari aktiviti manusia dan faktor fizikal = 12 markah
Kata Penegasan (pengenalan/ kesimpulan/ pengantara fakta)= 1 markah
b. Bincangkan ENAM langkah yang boleh dilaksanakan untuk melindungi lapisan ozon.
(13M)
Soalan 6
a. Bagaimana perubahan unsur cuaca dan iklim dapat memberi kesan kepada aktiviti
pertanian di kawasan Tropika Lembap. (13M)
35
Mana-mana 4 isi X 3 M = 12 Markah
Kesan boleh positif@ negatif
Mesti ada nyatakan perubahan unsur cuaca
Fakta (/), Proses (/), Kesan (/)= 3 markah
Fakta (/), Proses (/), Kesan (X)= 2 markah
Fakta (/), Proses (X), Kesan (X)= 1 markah
Fakta (X), Proses (/), Kesan (/)= 0 markah
Fakta (/), Proses (X), Kesan (/)= 1 markah
b. Jelaskan ENAM langkah yang sesuai bagi mengurangkan kesan perubahan unsur-unsur
cuaca yang drastik di Malaysia. (12M)
Kod Fakta Markah
B1 Kempen 2
B2 Pendidikan 2
B3 Penguatkuasaan undang-undang/ pemantauan/ akta 2
B4 Penanaman pokok 2
B5 Penggunaan sumber mesra alam/ sumber gantian/ tenaga alternatif 2
B6 Penggunaan teknologi mesra alam/ teknologi hijau 2
B7 Penggunaan sumber yang efisien (ETS) 2
B8 Pengurusan strategik pembandaran (bandar lestari) 2
Mana-mana 2 isi X 2 M = 6 Markah
Soalan 7
36
b. Jelaskan kesan pemanasan global terhadap aktiviti pertanian di Malaysia. (12M)
37
TOPIK 5: MIKRO IKLIM BANDAR
Soalan 1
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b. Jelaskan TIGA faktor semula jadi yang menyumbang fenomena tersebut. (6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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iii.___________________________________________________________________________
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38
c. Jelaskan DUA kesan negatif fenomena tersebut kepada ekonomi sesebuah bandar.
(4M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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d. Jelaskan DUA langkah jangka pendek bagi mengurangkan kesan fenomena tersebut
terhadap manusia. (4M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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Soalan 2
a. Bincangkan faktor penyumbang kepada kadar pencemaran udara yang tinggi di bandar-
bandar besar di Malaysia. (13M)
b. Jelaskan langkah yang perlu dilaksanakan bagi menangani masalah pencemaran udara
di bandar. (12M)
Soalan 3
a. Bincangkan ENAM pengaruh tepu bina bandar terhadap suhu di kawasan bandar.
(13M)
b. Jelaskan ENAM langkah untuk menyederhanakan suhu bandar. (12M)
39
Soalan 4
Soalan 5
“ Proses pembandaran yang pesat telah menyebabkan suhu persekitaran bandar kini
relatifnya jauh lebih tinggi berbanding kawasan dipinggirnya.”
40
SKEMA JAWAPAN
Soalan 1
b. Jelaskan TIGA faktor semula jadi yang menyumbang fenomena tersebut. (6M)
c. Jelaskan DUA kesan negatif fenomena tersebut kepada ekonomi sesebuah bandar.
(4M)
d. Jelaskan DUA langkah jangka pendek bagi mengurangkan kesan fenomena tersebut
terhadap manusia. (4M)
41
Soalan 2
a. Bincangkan faktor penyumbang kepada kadar pencemaran udara yang tinggi di bandar-
bandar besar di Malaysia. (13M)
b. Jelaskan langkah yang perlu dilaksanakan bagi menangani masalah pencemaran udara
di bandar. (12M)
42
Soalan 3
a. Bincangkan ENAM pengaruh tepu bina bandar terhadap suhu di kawasan bandar.
(13M)
43
Soalan 4
b. Terangkan kesan pulau haba bandar terhadap alam sekitar fizikal. (12M)
44
Soalan 5
“ Proses pembandaran yang pesat telah menyebabkan suhu persekitaran bandar kini
relatifnya jauh lebih tinggi berbanding kawasan dipinggirnya.”
c. Terangkan bagaimana Pulau Sejuk Bandar boleh diwujudkan bagi mengatasi fenomena
yang dinyatakan dalam soalan a. (6M)
45
BAHAGIAN A: ALAM SEKITAR FIZIKAL
TEMA 4
SISTEM HIDROLOGI
46
TOPIK 1: FASA AIR
Soalan 1
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ii. ______________________________________________________________________
iii. _____________________________________________________________________
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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d. Huraikan dua langkah perundangan untuk mengatasi masalah pencemaran air (4M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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47
Soalan 2
48
SKEMA JAWAPAN
Soalan 1
Soalan 2
49
b. Sejauhmanakah faktor fizikal mempengaruhi proses perubahan fasa air (7M)
50
TOPIK 2 : KITARAN HIDROLOGI
Soalan 1
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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iii.___________________________________________________________________________
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i.___________________________________________________________________________
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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iii.___________________________________________________________________________
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51
Soalan 2
a. Takrifkan konsep larian air permukaan. (3M)
b. Sejauhmanakah faktor tumbuhan mempengaruhi larian air permukaan. (11M)
c. Bincangkan langkah mengatasi kesan larian air permukaan yang tinggi di kawasan
cerun. (11M)
Soalan 3
i.___________________________________________________________________________
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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iii.___________________________________________________________________________
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i.___________________________________________________________________________
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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iii.___________________________________________________________________________
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52
Soalan 4
a. Jelaskan bagaimana hidupan melakukan proses sejatpeluhan. (6M)
b. Huraikan faktor yang mempengaruhi proses sejatpeluhan. (11M)
c. Jelaskan bagaimana morfologi bandar mempengaruhi proses sejatan. (8M)
Soalan 5
ii.Teori perlanggaran
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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53
d. Jelaskan faktor yang mempengaruhi pintasan. (4M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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iii.___________________________________________________________________________
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Soalan 6
a. Takrifkan konsep keberkesanan kerpasan. (3M)
b. Bincangkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberkesanan kerpasan. (12M)
c. Huraikan jenis-jenis kerpasan. (10M)
54
TOPIK 2 : KITARAN HIDROLOGI
Soalan 1
a. Takrifkan konsep kitaran hidrologi. (3M)
Soalan 2
a. Takrifkan konsep larian air permukaan. (3M)
55
b. Sejauhmanakah faktor tumbuhan mempengaruhi larian air permukaan. (11M)
Soalan 3
a. Bincangkan langkah mengatasi kesan larian air permukaan yang tinggi di kawasan cerun.
(11M)
Soalan 3
56
b. Jelaskan faktor yang mempengaruhi proses sejatan. (6M)
Soalan 4
57
B6Halaju angin kencang/perlahan 2
B7Ciri tumbuhan (sifat daun, warna daun, kulit pokok, bentuk daun, liang 2
stoma daun)
Mana-mana 5 isi X 2 M = 10Markah
Kesimpulan yang baik = 1M
*Mempengaruhi bermaksud sejatpeluhan kurang atau tinggi
Soalan 5
58
c. Terangkan DUA aktiviti manusia di bandar yang mempengaruhi kadar kerpasan.
(4M)
Soalan 6
Fakta Markah
Kod
B1 Ciri keamatan/ Intensiti hujan- lebat dan banyak keberkesanan 2
kerpasan tinggi
B2 Musim: tengkujuh- keberkesanan kerpasan tinggi 2
B3 Kekerapan: kerap/ jarang-jarang 2
B4 Jangka masa: lama/ singkat 2
B6 Litupan kawasan: luas/kecil 2
Mana-mana 6 isi X 2 M = 12 Markah
59
c. Huraikan jenis-jenis kerpasan. (10M)
60
TOPIK 3: EDARAN AIR TANIH
Soalan 1
a. Takrifkan konsep air tanih. (2M)
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_________________________________________________________________________
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c. Simpanan air tanih dipengaruhi oleh faktor tanih sesuatu kawasan, jelaskan aspek tanih yang
berikut : (4 M)
i. Keporosan
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ii. Ketelapan
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i.___________________________________________________________________________
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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iii.___________________________________________________________________________
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Soalan 2
a. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan edaran air tanih (3M)
61
b. Sejauhmanakah aktiviti manusia mempengaruhi edaran air tanih (11M)
c. Cadangkan langkah mengatasi masalah kekurangan sumber air tanih (11M)
Soalan 3
b. Sistem akuifer terbahagi kepada dua jenis, huraikan setiap jenis yang berikut:- (4M)
i. Akuifug
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_________________________________________________________________________
ii. Akuiklud
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i.___________________________________________________________________________
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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iii.___________________________________________________________________________
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Soalan 4
a. Sumber air tanih di dalam sistem akuifer boleh dipecahkan kepada lima jenis, huraikan
setiap jenis sumber air tanih tersebut. (10M)
b. Sumber air tanih di Malaysia berpotensi untuk dimajukan, Jelaskan aktiviti-aktiviti
yang boleh dijalankan dengan menggunakan sumber air tanih. (10M)
62
c. Jelaskan kesan penerokaan sumber air tanih yang berlebihan terhadap alam sekitar.
(6M)
63
SKEMA JAWAPAN
Soalan 1
c. Simpanan air tanih dipengaruhi oleh faktor tanih sesuatu kawasan, jelaskan aspek tanih
yang berikut: (4M)
64
Soalan 2
65
Soalan 3
b. Sistem akuifer terbahagi kepada DUA jenis, huraikan setiap jenis yang berikut:- (4M)
Soalan 4
a. Sumber air tanih di dalam sistem akuifer boleh dipecahkan kepada LIMA jenis, huraikan
setiap jenis sumber air tanih tersebut. (10M)
66
A4
Air tenggek: Bahagian air dalam zon tepu yang terlekap di bahagian 2
tak telap air.
A5 Air bebas: Bahagian air yang tidak mempunyai sebarang lapisan tak 2
telap air di atasnya.
Mana-mana 5 isi X 2 M = 10 Markah
b. Sumber air tanih di Malaysia berpotensi untuk dimajukan, jelaskan aktiviti manusia
yang boleh dijalankan dengan menggunakan sumber air tanih. (9M)
c. Jelaskan kesan penerokaan sumber air tanih yang berlebihan terhadap alam sekitar
fizikal. (6M)
67
TOPIK 4 : IMBANGAN AIR
Soalan 1
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i.___________________________________________________________________________
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ii.___________________________________________________________________________
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iii.___________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________
68
Soalan 2
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
(6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
69
Soalan 3
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
c. Jelaskan impak imbangan air positif terhadap kegiatan ekonomi di kawasan tropika
lembap. (6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
70
Soalan 4
b. Cadangkan enam langkah yang boleh di ambil untuk mengurangkan risiko banjir
monsun di sesebuah negara. (12M)
71
SKEMA JAWAPAN
Soalan 1
c. Terangkan tiga faktor semulajadi yang mempengaruhi variasi imbangan air. (6M)
72
Soalan 2
(6M)
73
Soalan 3
c. Jelaskan impak imbangan air positif terhadap kegiatan ekonomi di kawasan tropika
lembap. (6M)
74
Soalan 4
b. Cadangkan enam langkah yang boleh di ambil untuk mengurangkan risiko banjir
monsun di sesebuah negara. (12M)
75
TOPIK 5 : KAITAN SISTEM HIDROLOGI DENGAN MANUSIA
Soalan 1
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
b. Jelaskan tiga sebab banjir kilat kerap berlaku di kawasan bandar. (6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
c. Huraikan kesan terhadap aktiviti manusia akibat fenomena banjir kilat. (6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
76
Soalan 2
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
77
Soalan 3
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
c. Jelaskan tiga langkah bukan perundangan yang boleh dilaksanakan untuk menjamin
kelestarian sumber air di Malaysia. (6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
78
Soalan 4
i._____________________________________________________________________
ii._____________________________________________________________________
iii._____________________________________________________________________
b. Jelaskan tiga faktor semula jadi yang mengganggu sumber bekalan air. (6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
c. Jelaskan tiga langkah penyesuaian untuk mengatasi masalah kurangan air. (6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
79
Soalan 5
Soalan 6
b. Bincangkan enam langkah yang perlu dilaksanakan bagi mengatasi banjir kilat.
(13M)
80
SKEMA JAWAPAN
Soalan 1
b. Jelaskan tiga sebab banjir kilat kerap berlaku di kawasan bandar. (6M)
c. Huraikan kesan terhadap aktiviti manusia akibat fenomena banjir kilat. (6M)
81
Soalan 2
Soalan 3
82
b. Huraikan tiga faktor yang menjejaskan bekalan air domestik. (6M)
c. Jelaskan tiga langkah bukan perundangan yang boleh dilaksanakan untuk menjamin
kelestarian sumber air di Malaysia. (6M)
Soalan 4
83
b. Jelaskan tiga faktor semula jadi yang mengganggu sumber bekalan air. (6M)
c. Jelaskan tiga langkah penyesuaian untuk mengatasi masalah kurangan air. (6M)
Soalan 5
84
Soalan 6
b. Bincangkan enam langkah yang perlu dilaksanakan bagi mengatasi banjir kilat.
(13M)
85
TOPIK 6 : KEMAHIRAN AMALI SISTEM HIDROLOGI
Soalan 1
Bulan J F M A M J J O S O N D
Hujan (mm) 510 276 218 130 160 109 100 185 230 272 380 495
a. Berdasarkan Jadual 1, lukiskan graf bar untuk menunjukkan jumlah hujan bulanan di
kawasan X . (10M)
c. Huraikan kesan hujan yang berlebihan terhadap alam sekitar fizikal di kawasan X.
(12M)
Soalan 2
Jadual 2 menunjukkan suhu bulanan dan jumlah hujan bulanan di kawasan Y pada tahun 2000.
Jadual 2 : Suhu Bulanan Dan Jumlah Hujan Bulanan Di Kawasan Y Pada Tahun 2000
Bulan J F M A M J J O S O N D
Suhu (oC) 27 28 29 30 29 27 27 28 29 31 30 26
Hujan (mm) 256 234 203 285 200 168 90 190 207 295 244 239
a. Berdasarkan Jadual 2 di atas, lukiskan graf yang sesuai untuk menunjukkan suhu
bulanan dan jumlah hujan bulanan di kawasan Y pada tahun 2000. (10M)
Soalan 3
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan komponen imbangan air bagi bandar P pada tahun 2010
Bulan J F M A M J J O S O N D
Kerpasan (mm) 97 99 97 84 104 97 132 112 66 66 66 99
Sejatan (mm) 7 8 24 57 97 132 150 133 99 55 12 7
a. Dengan menggunakan data pada Jadual 3, lukis graf garis yang menunjukkan lebihan
air dan kurangan air bagi bandar P pada tahun 2010. (12M)
86
SKEMA JAWAPAN
Soalan 1
Bulan J F M A M J J O S O N D
Hujan (mm) 510 276 218 130 160 109 100 185 230 272 380 495
a. Berdasarkan Jadual 1, lukiskan graf bar untuk menunjukkan jumlah hujan bulanan di
kawasan X . (10M)
87
c. Huraikan kesan hujan yang berlebihan terhadap alam sekitar fizikal di kawasan X.
(12M)
Soalan 2
Jadual 2 menunjukkan suhu bulanan dan jumlah hujan bulanan di kawasan Y pada tahun 2000.
Jadual 2 : Suhu Bulanan Dan Jumlah Hujan Bulanan Di Kawasan Y Pada Tahun 2000
Bulan J F M A M J J O S O N D
Suhu (oC) 27 28 29 30 29 27 27 28 29 31 30 26
Hujan (mm) 256 234 203 285 200 168 90 190 207 295 244 239
a. Berdasarkan Jadual 2 di atas, lukiskan graf yang sesuai untuk menunjukkan suhu
bulanan dan jumlah hujan bulanan di kawasan Y pada tahun 2000. (10M)
88
b. Jelaskan pola taburan suhu dan taburan hujan di kawasan Y. (5M)
Soalan 3
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan komponen imbangan air bagi bandar P pada tahun 2010
Bulan J F M A M J J O S O N D
Kerpasan (mm) 97 99 97 84 104 97 132 112 66 66 66 99
Sejatan (mm) 7 8 24 57 97 132 150 133 99 55 12 7
89
a. Dengan menggunakan data pada Jadual 3, lukis graf garis yang menunjukkan lebihan
air dan kurangan air bagi bandar P pada tahun 2010. (12M)
90
BAHAGIAN B: ALAM SEKITAR MANUSIA
TEMA 3
91
TOPIK 1: PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI DAN IMPAK ALAM SEKITAR
Soalan 1
b. Jelaskan tiga aktiviti ekonomi yang menyebabkan berlakunya penurunan kualiti udara.
(6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
a. Huraikan tiga langkah bukan perundangan yang boleh diambil bagi menangani masalah
penurunan kualiti udara. (6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
92
Soalan 2
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
c. Jelaskan 3 impak negatif aktiviti pertanian pindah terhadap alam sekitar fizikal di
Malaysia. (6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
93
Soalan 3
b. Huraikan tiga sumbangan sektor tertier terhadap alam sekitar manusia di Malaysia.
(6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
c. Jelaskan tiga kesan negatif perkembangan sektor pelancongan terhadap alam sekitar
fizikal. (6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
94
Soalan 4
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
c. Huraikan tiga faktor alam sekitar manusia yang mempengaruhi perkembangan kegiatan
perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli di Malaysia. (6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
95
Soalan 5
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
96
Soalan 6
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
c. Huraikan 3 langkah bukan perundangan untuk mengatasi isu yang disebabkan oleh
industri pemprosesan di Malaysia. (6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
97
Soalan 7
a. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan sumber yang tidak boleh dibaharui? (3M)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
98
Soalan 8
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
c. Jelaskan 3 kesan negatif pembangunan pertanian moden terhadap alam sekitar fizikal
di Malaysia. (6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
99
Soalan 9
a. Nyatakan 3 langkah yang boleh diambil untuk memelihara dan memulihara sumber
perikanan di Malaysia? (3M)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
100
Soalan 10
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
101
Soalan 11
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
102
Soalan 12
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
103
Soalan 13
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
c. Jelaskan masalah yang sering dihadapi oleh Malaysia dalam usaha memajukan industri
kecil dan sederhana di Malaysia. (6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
104
SKEMA JAWAPAN
Soalan 1
b. Jelaskan tiga aktiviti ekonomi yang menyebabkan berlakunya penurunan kualiti udara.
(6M)
c. Huraikan tiga langkah bukan perundangan yang boleh diambil bagi menangani masalah
penurunan kualiti udara. (6M)
105
Soalan 2
c. Jelaskan 3 impak negatif terhadap alam sekitar fizikal di Malaysia akibat aktiviti
pertanian pindah. (6M)
106
Soalan 3
b. Huraikan tiga sumbangan sektor tertier terhadap alam sekitar manusia di Malaysia.
(6M)
c. Jelaskan tiga kesan negatif perkembangan sektor pelancongan terhadap alam sekitar
fizikal. (6M)
107
Soalan 4
c. Huraikan tiga faktor alam sekitar manusia yang mempengaruhi perkembangan kegiatan
perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli di Malaysia. (6M)
108
Soalan 5
109
Soalan 6
c. Huraikan 3 langkah bukan perundangan untuk mengatasi isu alam sekitar yang
disebabkan oleh industri pemprosesan di Malaysia. (6M)
110
Soalan 7
a. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan sumber yang tidak boleh diperbaharui? (3M)
Soalan 8
111
A5 Lokasi / Taburan - luar bandar 1
A6 Orientasi pengeluaran - Kegunaan domestik 1
Mana-mana 3 isi X 1 M = 3 Markah
c. Jelaskan 3 kesan negatif pembangunan pertanian moden terhadap alam sekitar fizikal
di Malaysia. (6M)
112
C6 Ancaman kepupusan flora dan fauna 2
C7 Kehilangan habitat 2
C8 Gangguan rantaian makanan 2
Mana-mana 3 isi X 2 M = 6 Markah
Soalan 9
a. Nyatakan 3 langkah yang boleh diambil untuk memelihara dan memulihara sumber
perikanan di Malaysia? (3M)
113
C4
Hakisan pinggir pantai – akibat pembinaan pelabuhan di pinggir 2
pantai, pembukaan hutan paya bakau
C5 Gangguan rantaian makanan 2
Mana-mana 3 isi X 2 M = 6 Markah
Soalan 10
114
Soalan 11
Soalan 12
115
Mana-mana 3 isi X 1 M = 3 Markah
116
Soalan 13
c. Jelaskan masalah yang sering dihadapi oleh Malaysia dalam usaha memajukan Industri
kecil dan sederhana di Malaysia. (6M)
117
TOPIK 1: PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI DAN IMPAK ALAM SEKITAR
Soalan 1
Soalan 2
a. Dengan merujuk kepada sebuah negara di Asia Tenggara, huraikan jenis perkhidmatan
yang berkembang di Negara tersebut. (9M)
b. Huraikan sumbangan sektor perkhidmatan terhadap pembangunan sosioekonomi di
Malaysia. (8M)
c. Jelaskan halangan yang dihadapi oleh Malaysia dalam usaha untuk memajukan sektor
ekonomi tertier. (8M)
Soalan 3
Soalan 4
Soalan 5
118
Soalan 6
Soalan 7
Soalan 8
a. Terangkan halangan yang dihadapi oleh Malaysia dalam usaha memajukan pertanian
moden (12M)
b. Bincangkan usaha yang dijalankan oleh kerajaan Malaysia untuk memajukan sektor
pertanian Negara. (13M)
Soalan 9
Soalan 10
a. Dengan merujuk kepada aktiviti pertanian kebun kecil, jelaskan ciri-ciri aktiviti
pertanian tersebut. (12M)
b. Bincangkan masalah yang dihadapi dalam memajukan pertanian ladang di Malaysia.
(13M)
Soalan 11
119
Soalan 12
Soalan 13
Jumlah Tangkapan Ikan Laut Mengikut Peralatan Di Malaysia Pada Tahun 2020 hingga
2003
2000 2001 2002 2003
Tahun
peralatan
Pukat Tarik 225 716 189 641 182 809 187 091
Pukat tunda 44561 444 139 504 525 577 322
Pukat hanyut 60961 64741 73566 86020
Kaedah lain 47037 39504 38053 37209
Soalan 14
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan pengeluaran beberapan jenis mineral di Malaysia pada tahun
2010 dan 2011.
Pengeluran Beberapa Jenis Mineral di Malaysia Pada Tahun 2010 dan 2011
Jenis mineral Pengeluaran ( Tan Metrik )
2010 2011
Tembaga 90 750 80 760
Bijih timah 11 320 6 057
Kaolin 210 560 197 410
Petroleum mentah 40 590 45 320
Bijih besi 254 890 257 390
a. Berdasarkan jadual di atas, kira perubahan jumlah pengeluaran mengikut jenis mineral
di Malaysia pada tahun 2010 dan 2011. (6M)
120
b. Berdasarkan hasil pengiraan perubahan di atas, lukis sebuah graf yang sesuai untuk
menunjukkan perubahan pengeluaran beberapan jenis mineral di Malaysia pada tahun 2010
dan 2011. (10M)
c. Bincangkan kesan terhadap alam sekitar akibat aktiviti perlombongan. (9M)
Soalan 15
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasar (KDNK) mengikut sektor
ekonomi di Malaysia pada tahun 2010.
Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasar (KDNK) Mengikut Sektor Ekonomi Di Malaysia Pada
Tahun 2010
Sektor ekonomi Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasar (RM Juta) Tahun 2010
Perhutanan 47 337
Perkilangan 72 890
Perikanan 68 750
Perlombongan 77 590
Jumlah 266 567
a. Berdasarkan jadual di atas, Hitungkan peratus KDNK bagi setiap sektor ekonomi di
Malaysia pada tahun 2010. (5M)
b. Lukis sebuah carta pai yang sesuai bagi menunjukkan Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasar
(KDNK) sektor-sektor ekonomi utama di Malaysia pada tahun 2010. (7M)
c. Bincangkan kesan-kesan terhadap alam sekitar fizikal akibat perkembangan pesat
sektor ekonomi di Malaysia. (13M)
121
SKEMA JAWAPAN BAHAGIAN ESEI
Soalan 1
a. Jelaskan konsep bioteknologi dalam bidang pertanian. (3M)
122
Soalan 2
a. Dengan merujuk kepada sebuah negara di Asia Tenggara, huraikan jenis perkhidmatan
yang berkembang di negara tersebut. (9M)
123
c. Jelaskan halangan yang dihadapi oleh Malaysia dalam usaha untuk memajukan sektor
ekonomi tertier. (8M)
Soalan 3
124
b. Huraikan kesan pencemaran udara terhadap alam sekitar. (12M)
Soalan 4
125
b. Huraikan masalah yang dihadapi dalam memajukan sektor perikanan di Malaysia.
(8M)
c. Bincangkan usaha yang telah dilaksanakan oleh kerajaan Malaysia bagi memajukan
sektor perikanan di Malaysia. (11M)
126
Soalan 5
127
Soalan 6
b. Bincangkan usaha yang telah dijalankan oleh kerajaan Malaysia bagi mengimbangi
pembangunan di Malaysia. (13M)
128
Soalan 7
b. Huraikan langkah yang boleh diambil untuk mengatasi masalah kegagalan cerun di
Malaysia. (10M)
129
Soalan 8
a. Terangkan halangan yang dihadapi oleh Malaysia dalam usaha memajukan pertanian
moden (12M)
b. Bincangkan usaha yang dijalankan oleh kerajaan Malaysia untuk memajukan sektor
pertanian Negara. (13M)
130
Soalan 9
b. Huraikan enam impak negatif sektor pelancongan terhadap alam sekitar. (12M)
131
Jika semua kesan manusia markah maksimum 10 markah
Soalan 10
a. Dengan merujuk kepada aktiviti pertanian kebun kecil, jelaskan ciri-ciri aktiviti
pertanian tersebut. (12M)
132
Soalan 11
133
B8
Pengurusan sisa pepejal dan sisa toksik secara berjadual di kawasan 2
pelupusan yang khas
Mana-mana 5 isi X 2 M = 10 Markah
Soalan 12
c. Huraikan usaha yang dijalankan oleh Negara Malaysia untuk memelihara dan
memulihara sumber hutan. (10M)
134
C7
Menjalankan R&D – pokok yang cepat matang menanam pokok yang 2
cepat matang seperti Akasia, Batai, menggantikan pokok dari hutan
primer
C8 Penebangan terpilih/ penebangan bergilir 2
C9 Pendidikan 2
Mana-mana 5 isi X 2 M = 10 Markah
Soalan 13
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan jumlah tangkapan ikan laut mengikut peralatan di Malaysia
pada tahun 2000 hingga 2003.
Jumlah Tangkapan Ikan Laut Mengikut Peralatan Di Malaysia Pada Tahun 2000
Hingga 2003
2000 2001 2002 2003
Tahun
peralatan
Pukat Tarik 225 716 189 641 182 809 187 091
Pukat tunda 434 561 444 139 504 525 577 322
Pukat hanyut 60961 64741 73566 86020
Kaedah lain 47037 39504 38053 37209
a. Berdasarkan jadual, kira peratus perubahan tangkapan ikan mengikut peralatan antara
tahun 2000 dengan 2001. (5M)
b. Berdasarkan jadual di atas, lukiskan graf yang sesuai untuk menunjukkan jumlah
tangkapan ikan laut mengikut peralatan di Malaysia pada tahun 2000 hingga 2003.
(9M)
135
c. Bincangkan usaha untuk memajukan sektor perikanan di Malaysia. (11M)
Soalan 14
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan pengeluaran beberapan jenis mineral di Malaysia pada tahun
2010 dan 2011.
Jadual : Pengeluran Beberapa Jenis Mineral di Malaysia pada tahun 2010 dan 2011
136
b. Berdasarkan hasil pengiraan perubahan di atas, lukis sebuah graf yang sesuai untuk
menunjukkan perubahan pengeluaran beberapan jenis mineral di Malaysia pada tahun 2010
dan 2011. (10M)
Soalan 15
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasar (KDNK) mengikut sektor
ekonomi di Malaysia pada tahun 2010.
137
Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasar (KDNK) Mengikut Sektor Ekonomi Di Malaysia Pada
Tahun 2010
a. Berdasarkan jadual di atas, Hitungkan peratus KDNK bagi setiap sektor ekonomi di
Malaysia pada tahun 2010. (5M)
b. Lukis sebuah carta pai yang sesuai bagi menunjukkan Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasar
(KDNK) sektor-sektor ekonomi utama di Malaysia pada tahun 2010. (7M)
138
C10 Larian air permukaan meningkat 2
C11 Kemerosotan sumber air tanih 2
C12 Ancaman kepupusan flora dan fauna 2
C13 Gangguan rantaian makanan 2
C14 Kehilangan habitat fauna 2
CX Kesimpulan yang baik 1
Mana-mana 6 isi X 2 M = 12 markah + kesimpulan = 1 markah
139
BAHAGIAN B: ALAM SEKITAR MANUSIA
TEMA 4
140
TOPIK 1: GLOBALISASI DAN KERJASAMA SERANTAU
Soalan 1
a. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan saling kebergantungan antara kawasan. (3M)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
b. Jelaskan tiga aspek saling kebergantungan ekonomi antara negara serantau. (6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
c. Huraikan tiga faedah yang diperolehi Malaysia apabila menyertai Kawasan Perdagangan
Bebas ASEAN (AFTA). (6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
141
Soalan 2
a. Nyatakan tiga negara yang terlibat dalam pakatan ekonomi serantau APEC selain negara
Malaysia. (3M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
c. Jelaskan tiga peranan kerjasama APEC kepada kemajuan ekonomi negara Malaysia.
(6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
142
Soalan 3
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
b. Jelaskan tiga halangan yang dihadapi oleh Malaysia di dalam memperjuangkan prinsip
memakmurkan negara jiran dalam kalangan negara anggota ASEAN. (6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
c. Bincangkan tiga langkah yang boleh diambil oleh Malaysia untuk membantu
menangani masalah pencemaran marin rentas sempadan dalam kalangan negara anggota
ASEAN. (6M)
i.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
iii.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
143
Soalan 4
a. Jelaskan enam kesan positif globalisasi ekonomi terhadap negara Malaysia. (12M)
b. Cadangkan enam langkah yang boleh dilaksanakan oleh negara Malaysia untuk
meningkatkan keberkesanan kerjasama ekonomi serantau APEC. (13M)
Soalan 5
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan nilai perdagangan Malaysia dengan beberapa negara terpilih
APEC pada tahun 2009 dan 2010.
Jadual 1: Nilai Perdagangan Malaysia Dengan Beberapa Negara Terpilih APEC Pada
Tahun 2009 dan 2010
Soalan 6
a. Huraikan enam cabaran yang dihadapi oleh Malaysia dalam memajukan Kerjasama
ekonomi. (12M)
b. Sejauhmanakah kerjasama ekonomi APEC memberi keuntungan kepada Malaysia.
(13M)
Soalan 7
a. Huraikan enam peranan Malaysia dalam membangunkan ekonomi negara jiran melalui
salah satu kerjasama segi tiga pertumbuhan ASEAN. (12M)
b. Bincangkan enam faedah yang diperolehi Malaysia apabila menyertai kerjasama segi
tiga pertumbuhan ASEAN. (13M)
144
Soalan 8
a. Cadangkan enam langkah yang boleh dimainkan oleh Malaysia untuk memajukan
ekonomi rantau ASEAN. (13M)
b. Bincangkan enam peranan Malaysia di dalam membantu menangani isu-isu alam sekitar
di kawasan rantau ASEAN. (12M)
Soalan 9
Soalan 10
a. Nyatakan tiga kawasan dan negara-negara yang terlibat dalam segi tiga pertumbuhan
ASEAN. (3M)
b. Bincangkan lima manfaat ekonomi yang diperolehi oleh Malaysia apabila menyertai
salah satu pakatan segi tiga pertumbuhan ASEAN. (10M)
c. Huraikan enam cabaran yang dihadapi oleh negara-negara yang menyertai pakatan segi
tiga pertumbuhan ASEAN. (12M)
Soalan 11
a. Jelaskan enam sebab yang mendorong Malaysia menyertai Kawasan Perdagangan Bebas
ASEAN (AFTA) (12M)
b. Bincangkan enam halangan yang dihadapi oleh negara-negara yang terlibat di dalam
Kawasan Perdagangan Bebas ASEAN (AFTA). (13M)
Soalan 12
a. Huraikankan enam faktor yang menyebabkan Malaysia menyertai Kawasan
Perdagangan Bebas ASEAN (AFTA). (12M)
b. Sejauhmanakah dasar percukaian oleh Malaysia dapat menarik pelaburan asing dari
kalangan negara ASEAN. (13M)
Soalan 13
a. Jelaskan kepentingan pasaran bebas dalam globalisasi ekonomi. (12M)
b. Bincangkan kesan negatif globalisasi ekonomi ke atas sosioekonomi negara Malaysia.
(13M)
145
SKEMA JAWAPAN
Soalan 1
a. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan saling kebergantungan antara kawasan. (3M)
b. Jelaskan tiga aspek saling kebergantungan ekonomi antara negara serantau. (6M)
c. Huraikan tiga faedah yang diperolehi Malaysia apabila menyertai Kawasan Perdagangan
Bebas ASEAN (AFTA). (6M)
Soalan 2
a. Nyatakan tiga negara yang terlibat dalam pakatan ekonomi serantau APEC selain negara-
negara ASEAN. (3M)
146
b. Huraikan tiga objektif penubuhan kerjasama APEC. (6M)
c. Jelaskan tiga peranan kerjasama APEC kepada kemajuan ekonomi negara Malaysia.
(6M)
KOD FAKTA MARKAH
C1 Mengurangkan kesan negatif tekanan globalisasi ekonomi 2
C2 Pasaran bersama 2
C3 Meningkatkan daya saing serantau 2
C4 Keperluan tenaga buruh 2
C5 Teknologi penyelidikan dan pembangunan dari negara yang maju 2
dalam APEC
C6 Perkongsian modal atau pelaburan 2
C7 Meningkatkan keperluan sumber bahan mentah 2
C8 Meningkatkan kecekapan pengeluaran negara anggota 2
C9 Meningkatkan aliran perdagangan 2
Jumlah 3 isi X 2 markah 6
Soalan 3
a. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan kawasan segitiga pertumbuhan? (3M)
b. Jelaskan tiga halangan yang dihadapi oleh Malaysia di dalam memperjuangkan prinsip
memakmurkan negara jiran di kalangan negara anggota ASEAN. (6M)
147
c. Bincangkan tiga langkah yang boleh diambil oleh Malaysia untuk membantu menangani
masalah pencemaran marin rentas sempadan dalam kalangan negara anggota ASEAN.
(6M)
Soalan 4
a. Jelaskan enam kesan positif globalisasi ekonomi terhadap negara Malaysia. (12M)
b. Cadangkan enam langkah yang boleh dilaksanakan oleh negara Malaysia untuk
meningkatkan keberkesanan kerjasama ekonomi serantau APEC. (13M)
148
Soalan 5
Jadual: Nilai Imbangan Dagangan Malaysia Dengan Beberapa Negara Terpilih APEC
Bagi Tahun 2009 dan 2010
a. Hitung nilai imbangan dagangan Malaysia dengan beberapa negara terpilih APEC bagi
tahun 2009 dan 2010. (5M)
b. Lukis carta yang sesuai untuk menunjukkan nilai imbangan dagangan Malaysia dengan
beberapa negara terpilih APEC bagi tahun 2009 dan 2010. (7M)
149
c. Bincangkan impak yang diperolehi Malaysia dalam penglibatan dalam pakatan APEC.
(13M)
KOD FAKTA MARKAH
C1 Peningkatan nilai/aliran dagangan ke negara-negara anggota 2
C2 Menikmati pengurangan cukai/tarif bagi barangan dagangan 2
C3 Perluasan pasaran – kurang/penghapusan sekatan 2
C4 Perkongsian teknologi/R&D dengan negara anggota 2
C5 Perkongsian tenaga buruh/kepakaran/kemahiran/latihan 2
C6 Perkongsian bahan mentah 2
C7 Perkongsian modal/dana/infrastruktur 2
Mana-mana 6 isi X 2 markah= 12 Markah + 1 markah kesimpulan yang baik
Soalan 6
a. Huraikan enam cabaran yang dihadapi oleh Malaysia dalam memajukan kerjasama
ekonomi APEC. (12M)
150
Soalan 7
a. Huraikan enam peranan Malaysia dalam membangunkan ekonomi negara jiran melalui
kerjasama segi tiga pertumbuhan ASEAN. (12M)
b. Bincangkan enam faedah yang diperolehi Malaysia apabila menyertai kerjasama segi tiga
pertumbuhan ASEAN. (13M)
Soalan 8
a. Cadangkan enam peranan yang boleh dimainkan oleh Malaysia untuk memajukan
ekonomi rantau ASEAN. (13M)
151
A3 Mengurangkan birokrasi dalam pengurusan ekonomi dan 2
perdagangan dengan negara anggota
A4 Mempertingkatkan pelbagai bentuk kerjasama 2
perdagangan/perusahaan dengan negara anggota
A5 Mempergiatkan latihan tenaga perkerja bersama 2
A6 Meningkatkan bantuan dana/kewangan kepada negara anggota 2
A7 Mempertingkatkan perkongsian teknologi/R&D/inovasi bersama 2
Mana-mana 6 isi X 2 markah: 12 Markah
Kesimpulan: 1 Markah
Mesti ada unsur penambaikan (meningkatkan, memperluaskan, memperbanyakkan dsb)
b. Bincangkan enam peranan Malaysia di dalam membantu menangani isu-isu alam sekitar
di kawasan rantau ASEAN. (13M)
Soalan 9
152
b. Bincangkan enam kebaikan globalisasi ekonomi kepada kerjasama ekonomi serantau.
(13M)
KOD FAKTA MARKAH
B1 Perdagangan bebas- Produk ASEAN/APEC dapat dipasarkan ke 2
seluruh dunia.
B2 Peluasan pasaran- Menembusi pasaran dunia 2
B3 Aliran buruh 2
B4 Menggalakkan persaingan 2
B5 Peningkatan kualiti produk 2
B6 Pemindahan teknologi 2
Mana-mana 6 isi X 2 markah: 12 Markah
Kesimpulan: 1 Markah
Soalan 10
a. Nyatakan tiga kawasan dan negara-negara yang terlibat dalam segi tiga pertumbuhan
ASEAN. (3M)
b. Bincangkan lima manfaat ekonomi yang diperolehi oleh Malaysia apabila menyertai
salah satu pakatan segi tiga pertumbuhan ASEAN. (10M)
c. Huraikan enam cabaran yang dihadapi oleh negara-negara yang menyertai pakatan segi
tiga pertumbuhan ASEAN. (12M)
KODFAKTA MARKAH
C1Perbezaan taraf ekonomi antara negara anggota 2
C2Keupayaan melaksanakan program di bawah program kerjasama 2
C3Persaingan antara kepentingan negara dengan kepentingan 2
serantau
C4 Konflik politik antara wilayah dalam negara anggota 2
C5 Isu pencemaran merentasi sempadan antara negara 2
C6 Isu keselamatan dalaman dan luaran negara anggota 2
Mana-mana 6 isi X 2 markah= 12 Markah
153
Soalan 11
a. Jelaskan enam sebab yang mendorong Malaysia menyertai Kawasan Perdagangan Bebas
ASEAN (AFTA). (12M)
KODFAKTA MARKAH
A1Dapat memperluaskan pasaran 2
A2Dapat mengurangkan/ Menghapuskan sekatan perdagangan 2
A3Dapat mengurangkan persaingan (keluaran yg sama/ mengadakan 2
pengkhususan)
A4 Dapat menjamin bekalan bahan mentah terjamin 2
A5 Dapat menjamin bekalan/harga produk stabil 2
A6 Dapat mengurangkan tekanan globalisasi/monopoli pasaran 2
Mana-mana 6 isi X 2 markah= 12 Markah
b. Bincangkan enam halangan yang dihadapi oleh negara-negara yang terlibat di dalam
Kawasan Perdagangan Bebas ASEAN (AFTA). (13M)
Soalan 12
a. Huraikan enam faktor yang menyebabkan Malaysia menyertai Kawasan Perdagangan
Bebas ASEAN (AFTA). (12M)
154
A5 Dapat mengelakkan monopoli negara maju/mengurangkan kesan 2
globalisasi – perdagangan antara negara anggota dapat
mengurangkan kebergantungan kepada negara maju/asing
A6 Memajukan ekonomi tempatan – pembukaan sekatan 2
menggalakkan peningkatan keluaran/penghasilan produk/industri
baharu negara anggota
A7 Meningkatkan peluang pekerjaan – AFTA menggalakkan 2
peningkatan pengeluaran/penerokaan industri baharu –
memerlukan lebih banyak tenaga pekerja (mahir/tidak mahir)
A8 Dapat membantu/berkerjasama meningkatkan ekonomi negara 2
anggota – Malaysia dapat membantu memakmurkan negara yang
kurang maju (Myanmar, Laos, Kemboja) –sokongan pembelian
produk pertanian & pengeksportan produk industri
Mana-mana 6 isi X 2 markah = 12 Markah
b. Sejauhmanakah dasar percukaian oleh Malaysia dapat menarik pelaburan asing dari
kalangan negara ASEAN. (13M)
Soalan 13
a. Jelaskan kepentingan pasaran bebas dalam globalisasi ekonomi. (12M)
155
A4 Penghasilan produk dengan harga berpatutan/murah – 2
penghapusan sekatan dan tarif menyebabkan harga lebih rendah
A5 Kepelbagaian pilihan produk – pembukaan pasaran meningkatkan 2
pilihan pengguna
A6 Memajukan ekonomi tempatan/ IKS – peningkatan keluaran 2
tempatan/penghasilan produk/industri baharu dalam negara
A7 Pengkhususan pengeluaran produk 2
A8 Meningkatkan teknologi dan R&D 2
A9 Menjana/ mewujudkan peluang pekerjaan 2
Mana-mana 6 isi X 2 markah = 12 Markah
156