Integral
Integral
2
Tiga buah fungsi
2
2
2 → 2
→ 2
2 → 2
Jika kita melakukan anti turunan (Integral) dari fungsi 2 maka hanya akan di
dapat
1
∙2
2
Konstanta dari fungsi awalnya tidak dapat didapatkan lagi, sehingga setiap melakukan
anti turunan selalu ditambah variabel C yang menyatakan konstanta.
Contoh 1
28
Jawab
1
2 1 3
0 1
Teorema B Kelinieran
! "
! "
Contoh 2
1
(3x + 4 x) dx t 2 + t dt
2
a. c.
Jawab
(3x
+ 4 x ) dx = 3 x 2 dx + 4 x dx
2
a.
= 3 x 2 dx + 4 x dx
x3 x2
= 3 + C1 + 4 + C2
3 2
= x 3 + 2 x 2 + (3C1 + 4C2 )
= x3 + 2 x2 + C
Hasil masing-masing integral akan memunculkan konstanta, setiap konstanta adalah
sesuatu yang belum diketahui nilainya, sehingga bisa kita ganti menjadi satu konstanta
29
(u u u du 1 du
3/ 2 3/ 2
b. - 3 u + 14 ) du = du − 3 + 14
3
+1
u 2 u1+1
= − 3⋅ + 14 u + C
3
+1 1+1
2
3 2
+
u 2
2 u2
= − 3⋅ + 14 u + C
3 2 2
+
2 2
2 5/ 2 3 2
= u − u + 14 u + C
5 2
1 −2 1 1
c.
2 + t dt =
t t + t 2 dt =
t − 2 dt + t 2 dt
1 +1 3
t − 2 +1 t 2 t −1 t 2
= + +C = + +C
− 2 +1 1 +1 −1 3
2 2
2 3 1 2 3
= −t −1 + t 2 + C = − + t 2 + C
3 t 3
d.
cos θ + sin θ dθ = cos θ dθ + sin θ dθ
= sinθ − cosθ + C
Latihan 3.1
1.
(2 x − 4) dx 8.
1 6
3 + 7 dx
x x
(3x + 2 ) dx
2
2. 4 x + 3x 5 − 8
6
2
9.
5
dx
3. ( 2 x 3 − 3) dx x
2 x − 3x + 1
3 2
4.
−3
( x 4 + 6) dx
10.
x 2
dx
11. (3 sin t − 2 cos t ) dt
(6 x − 6 x − 1) dx
2
5.
4 3
7.
x5 − x4 dx
30
3.2 Bantuan Dalam Proses Integral
Metode Penggantian
$ % ′ # # # $ %
Contoh 3
sin x
a.
x x 2 + 9 dx b.
(2 x + 3) cos( x
2
+ 3 x ) dx c.
x
dx
Jawab
a.
x x 2 + 9 dx
Misal u = x 2 + 9 du
du
= 2x
x x 2 + 9 dx =
x u 2x
1 1
2
dx
= u 2 du
du
= dx
2x 1 2 32 1 3
= ⋅ u +C = u 2 +C
2 3 3
1 3
= ( x 2 + 9) 2 + C
3
(2 x + 3) cos( x + 3 x ) dx
2
b.
Misal u = x 2 + 3 x du
(2 x + 3) cos( x
2
+ 3x ) dx = ( 2 x + 3) cos u
du ( 2 x + 3)
= 2x + 3
dx
= cos u du
du
= dx
2x + 3 = sin u + C
= sin( x 2 + 3) + C
sin x
c.
x
dx
1 sin x sin u
Misal u = x = x 2
du 1 − 1 2 1
x
dx =
x
2 x du
= x =
dx 2
2x 2
1
= 2 sin u du
2 x du = dx = −2 cos u + C
= −2 cos x + C
31
Latihan 3.2
3 ⋅ (3 x + 1)
4
1. dx 9. 3x 3 x 2 + 7 dx
2x ⋅ (x −
2
2. 4 ) 3 dx 3y
10. 2y2 + 5
dy
x (x + 5) dx
2 3 9
3.
( x + 4) 3
4. 3 x 4 ( 2 x 5 + 9) 3 dx 11.
x
dx
( 2 x − 3)( x − 3 x + 2) dx
2 2
5.
12. cos(3x + 2) dx
(5 x + 1)(5 x + 3 x − 8) dx
2 3 6
6.
13. sin( 2 x − 4) dx
7.
3x + 2 dx
14. x sin( x 2 + 4 ) dx
8.
3 2 x − 4 dx
15. x 2 cos( x 3 + 5) dx
Contoh 4
2 π
a.
−1 ( 4 x − 6 x 2 ) dx b.
0 3sin x dx
Jawab
a.
2
−1 [
( 4 x − 6 x 2 ) dx = 2 x 2 − 2 x 3 −1]2
= ( −3 cos π ) − ( −3 cos 0)
= ( −3)( −1) + 3(1) = 6
32
Metode Penggantian dalam Integral Tentu
Contoh 5
π2
1 x +1 cos x
0 ( x 2 + 2 x + 6)2 dx π 9
4
a. b. 2
dx
x
Jawab
1 x +1
a.
0 ( x 2 + 2 x + 6)2 dx
Misal u = x 2 + 2 x + 6 1 x +1 9 ( x + 1) du
du
= 2x + 2
0 ( x 2 + 2 x + 6) 2
dx =
6 u 2 2( x + 1)
dx 9
1 9 −2 1
du
2( x + 1)
= dx =
2 6
u du = − u −1
2 6
9
x =0 u = ( 0) 2 + 2( 0) + 6 = 6 1 1 1
= − = − − −
x =1 u = (1) 2 + 2(1) + 6 = 9 2u 6 2(9) 2(6)
1 1 −2+3 1
=− + = =
18 12 36 36
π2
cos x
π 9
4
b. 2
dx
x
Misal u = x = x1 2 π2 π
cos x 2 cos u
4
dx = 2 x du
du 1 − 12 1 π 2
x π x
= x = 9 3
dx 2 2 x π π
cos u du = [2 sin u ]π 2
π 3
2
2 x du = dx =2
3
x =π u= π =π
2 2
9 3 π π 1
9 = 2 sin − 2 sin = 2(1) − 2 3
2 3 2
x =π u= π =π
2 2
4 4 2 =2− 3
33
Latihan 3.3
8 5
4.
1 3
w dw 14.
0 x 9 − x dx
2
4 s4 − 8 1 x+2
5.
1 s2 ds 15.
( x + 4 x + 1) dx
0 2 2
−2 2 x2
y 2 + 1 dy
6.
− 4 y 3
16.
0 (9 − x3 ) 32 dx
π π
0
2
7. cos x dx
0
6
17. sin 3 θ cos θ dθ
π π
sin θ
π 6
2
0
6
8. 2 sin t dt 18. dθ
cos 3 θ
1 1
0 0 sin(2πx) dx
2
9. ( 2 x 4 − 3x 2 + 5) dx 19.
1 4 1 1
10. x
0
3 − 2 x 3 dx
20.
0 x sin(πx ) dx
2
34
3.4 Luas Area
' '
, ,
( (
' -
,
( '
Contoh 6
,
/
1 1 2
, 0 2
3 3 0
4 / 4
1 1 1 1
, 4 0 2
1 25 4 2 2 0 25
4 4 4 4
1 17
, 4
4 4
35
3.4.2 Luas diantara Dua Kurva
Luas CDEF = Luas ABEF – Luas ABCD
'
,#*7 89:
(
'
,#*7 89 ;
(
' '
,#*7 ;:
( (
'
, $ %
(
Contoh 7
, 2
/
, 2
/
1 1
, 02 3
2 3 /
1 1 1 1
, 42 1 1 1 5 42 2 2 2 5
2 3 2 3
1 1 4 8 1 1 8
, 42 5 4 4 5 2 4 2
2 3 2 3 2 3 3
1 9 1 1 9
, 8 8 3 5
2 3 2 2 2
36
Latihan 3.4
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
37
9. 10
.
11 12
. .
13 14
. .
15 16
. .
38