NJBE IBJNOXNI 1 0
1. Ari Vilarsie, S.Ibp.
=. Mimit Obfnwati, S.Ibp
3. Nitnmbrti Faki Knib, S.Ibp
;. ]alib ]nmiatuj Akawiyae,
S.Ibp 2. ]atla Susijalilftyas,
S.Ibp
A. Inlsbp Ibjuarfa
1. Kbdilisi Ibjuarfa
Ibjuarfa obrupaial pbriuopujal kua atau jbmie ilkiviku yalf kiiiat
njbe eumulfal karae, pbriawilal atau aknpsi, kal tiap-tiap
alffnta ibjuarfa sbjaju mbriltbraisi satu kblfal yalf jail (Oumarai, =811).
Ibjuarfa akajae ulit tbribcij kari oasyaraiat yalf tbrkiri atas ibpaja
ibjuarfa kal mbmbrapa nralf yalf mbriuopuj kal tilffaj ki suatu tbopat ki
mawae suatu atap kajao ibakaal sajilf ibtbrfaltulfal (Sbtiaki, =81=).
Sbkalfial oblurut Dribkoal ibjuarfa akajae ulit kari oasyaraiat kal
=. Dulfsi Ibjuarfa
Ibjuarfa obopulyai 2 dulfsi yaitu 0
a. Dulfsi Adbitid
Dulfsi adbitid mbreumulfal brat kblfal dulfsi iltbrlaj ibjuarfa yalf
obrupaial masis ibiuatal ibjuarfa. Dulfsi adbitid mbrfula ultui
pboblueal ibmutueal psiinsnsiaj. Ibmbreasijal dulfsi adbitid taopai
paka ibmaeafiaal kal ibfbomiraal kari sbjurue alffnta ibjuarfa.
Inopnlbl yalf pbrju kipbluei njbe ibjuarfa kajao
objaisalaial dulfsi adbitid akajae (Dribkoal, O.O bt aj., =818) 0
1) Sajilf oblfasue yaitu obombriial cilta iasie, ibealfatal,
sajilf oblbrioa, sajilf oblkuiulf altar alffnta ibjuarfa.
=) Sajilf oblfearfai, mija alffnta ibjuarfa sajilf oblfearfai kal
oblfaiui ibmbrakaal kal eai sbtiap alffnta ibjuarfa sbrta sbjaju
obopbrtaealial iijio pnsitid oaia dulfsi adbitid aial tbrcapai.
3) Giatal kal ikbltidiiasi iiatal ibjuarfa ki oujai sb`ai pasalfal sbpaiat
oboujai eikup maru.
m. Dulfsi Snsiajisasi
Snsiajisasi ki oujai sb`ai oalusia jaeir. Ibjuarfa obrupaial tbopat
ilkiviku ultui mbja`ar mbrsnsiajisasi, oisajlya alai yalf maru jaeir
kia aial oblatap ayae, imu kal nralf-nralf yalf aka kisbiitarlya.
Kajao eaj ili ibjuarfa kapat Obomila eumulfal snsiaj
paka alai, Obombltui lnroa-lnroa tilfiae jaiu sbsuai
kblfal tilfiat
pbribomalfal alai, kal Oblarue lijai-lijai mukaya ibjuarfa.
c. Dulfsi ]bprnkuisi
Dulfsi rbprnkuisi ultui oblbrusial ibturulal kal oblaomae suombr
kaya oalusia. Oaia kblfal iiatal suatu pbriawilal yalf sae, sbjail
ultui obobluei ibmutueal minjnfis paka pasalfal tu`ual
ultui obombltui ibjuarfa akajae oblbrusial ibturulal.
k. Dulfsi Binlnoi
Obrupaial dulfsi ibjuarfa ultui obobluei ibmutueal sbjurue alffnta
ibjuarfa sbpbrti obobluei ibmutueal oaial, paiaial, kal
tbopat tilffaj.
b. Dulfsi Xbrawatal Ibsbeatal
3. [ipb ibjuarfa
[brkiri kari 0
1) Ibjuarfa ilti (lucjbar daoijy) akajae ibjuarfa yalf tbrkiri kari
ayae, imu, alai-alai.
=) Ibjuarfa mbsar (bxtblkbk daoijy) akajae ibjuarfa ilti kitaomae
kblfal salai saukara, oisajlya lblbi, iaibi, ibpnlaialkal sbmafailya .
3) Ibjuarfa mbraltai (sbriaj daoijy) iajae ibjuarfa yalf tbrkiri kari walita
kal pria yalf obliiae jbmie kari satu iaji kal obrupaial satu ibjuarfa ilti.
;) Ibjuarfa kuka/`alka (silfjb daoijy) akajae ibjuarfa yalf
tbr`aki iarbla pbrcbraial atau iboatial.
kimafi obl`aki 5 0
a. Ibjuarfa Maru ( Mbrfallilf Daoijy)
Xasalfal maru liiae yalf mbjuo obopulyai alai. [ufas pbribomalfal
ibjuarfa kajao taeap ili altara jail yaitu obomila eumulfal iltio yalf
obouasial, oblbtapial tu`ual mbrsaoa, obomila eumulfal
kblfal ibjuarfa jail, oblkisiusiial rblcala oboijiii alai atau IM,
pbrsiapal obl`aki nralftua kal oboaeaoi prblataj carb (pblfbrtial
ibeaoijal,
pbrsajilal kal obl`aki nralftua).
jilfiulfal sbtbopat
6. [ufas pbrawat Xbral pbrawat kajao obombri asueal ibpbrawatal paka ibjuarfa yalf
oblkbrita pblyaiit eipbrtblsi.
Kajao prnsbs obomaltu ibjuarfa yalf oblkbrita pblyaiit eipbrtblsi oaia pbral
pbrawat kipbrjuial sbmafai mbriiut 0
m. Xbombri pbrawatal paka alffnta ibjuarfa yalf oblkbrita pblyaiit eipbrtblsi
. Kajao obombriial pbrawatal paka alffnta ibjuarfa yalf oblkbrita
pblyaiit
b. Xblkikii ibsbeatal
Xbrawat kapat mbrpbral sbmafai pblkikii ultui obrumae pbrijaiu ibjuarfa kari
pbrijaiu tikai sbeat obl`aki sbeat kajao oblcbfae pblyaiit eipbrtblsi
M. Eipbrtblsi
1. Kbdilisi Eipbrtblsi
Eipbrtblsi obrupaial suatu ibakaal yalf oblybmamial tbialal karae
tilffi sbcara tbrus-oblbrus kioala tbialal sistnjii jbmie kari 1;8 ooEf,
tbialal kiastnjii 78 ooEf atau jbmie. Eipbrtblsi atau pblyaiit karae tilffi
obrupaial suatu ibakaal pbrbkaral karae oblilfiat sbcara irnlis. Eaj ili
tbr`aki iarbla `altulf mbibr`a jbmie cbpat obonopa karae ultui obobluei
ibmutueal nisifbl kal lutrisi ki kajao tumue (Inbs Grialtn, =81;).
1. Xblfia`ial
Xblfia`ial obrupaial jalfiae awaj pbjaisalaal asueal ibpbrawatal, afar
kipbrnjbe kata pblfia`ial yalf aiurat kal sbsuai kblfal ibakaal ibjuarfa.
Suombr ildnroasi kari taeapal pblfiaa`ial kapat oblffulaial obtnkb
wawalcara ibjuarfa, nmsbrvasi dasijitas ruoae, pbobriisaal disii paka
alffnta ibjuarfa kal kata sbiulkbr.
c. Xblfia`ial Jilfiulfal
1) Iaraitbristii
ruoae
=) Iaraitbristii tbtalffa kal inoulitas ]V
3) Xbriuopujal ibjuarfa kal iltbraisi kblfal oasyaraiat
;) Sistbo pblkuiulf ibjuarfa
k. Struitur ibjuarfa
1) Xnja inouliiasi ibjuarfa yaitu obl`bjasial oblfblai cara
mbrinouliiasi altar alffnta ibjuarfa.
2) Dulfsi ibjuarfa 0
a) Dulfsi adèitid, yaitu pbrju kiia`i faomaral kiri
alffnta ibjuarfa, pbrasaal oboijiii kal kioijiii kajao
ibjuarfa, kuiulfal ibjuarfa tbreakap alffnta ibjuarfa jail,
mafaioala ibealfatal tbrcipta paka alffnta ibjuarfa
kal mafaioala ibjuarfa oblfbomalfial siiap sajilf
oblfearfai.
K.8112 Oala`bobl Ibsbeatal ibjuarfa tikai bdbitid Sbtbjae kijaiuial iul`ulfal ruoae 3x G.1;2=2 Xbjimatal Ibjuarfa
Kbdilisi 0 kiearapaial oala`boal ibsbeatal Nmsbrvasi 0
Xnja pblalfalal oasajae ibsbeatal kajao ibjuarfa ibjuarfa (J.1=182) oblilfiat kblfal 1. Gkbltidiiasi rbspnl bonsinlaj tbreakap
tikai obouasial ultui oboujieial inlkisi ibsbeatal alffnta iritbria easij 0 inlkisi saat ili
ibjuarfa. Xblybmam 0 Tbrmajisasi ibsujital obl`ajalial =. Gkbltidiiasi tbreakap inlkisi saat ili
Xnja Inpilf yalf mbrmbka kialtara ijibl kal nralf tbrkbiat 3. Gkbltidiiasi pboaeaoal tbltalf ibputusal
pbrawatal yalf kitbtapial oblurul (2)
[alka Oaynr 0
pbrawatal sbtbjae pujalf
Sumybitid
;. Gkbltidiiasi ibsbsuaial altara earapal
1. Obrasa pasibl, ibjuarfa kal tblafa ibsbeatal
kiamaiial Nmybitid 0 [brapbutii
K.8114 Oala`bobl ibsbeatal tikai bdbitid Sbtbjae kijaiuial iul`ulfal ruoae 3x G.87=42 Kuiulfal Xblfaomijal Ibputusal
Kbdilisi 0 kiearapaial oala`boal Ibsbeatal Nmsbrvasi 0
Xnja pblfatural kal pblfiltbfrasial pblalfalal oasajae ibsbeatal (J.1=1;2) oblilfiat kblfal iritbria easij0 1. Gkbltidiiasi pbrsbpsi oblfblai oasajae kal
ib kajao ibmiasaal eikup sbeari-eari tikai obouasial ildnroasi yalf oboicu inldjii
• Objaiuial tilkaial ultui
ultui oblcapai status ibsbeatal yalf kiearapial. oblfuralfi dactnr rbsiin [brapbutii
K.8116 Xbobjiearaal ibsbeatal tikai bdbitid Sbtbjae kijaiuial iul`ulfal ruoae 3x kiearapaial
Xblybmam 0
Kbdilisi 0 oala`boal Ibsbeatal (J.1=184) oblilfiat kblfal
Ibtikaioaopual oblfikbltidiiasi, oblfbjnja kal atau oblbouial iritbria easij0 Oblul`uiial pboaeaoal pbrijaiu sbeat
maltual ultui obopbrtaealial ibsbeatal.
G.1=353 Bkuiasi Ibsbeatal Nmsbrvasi
1. Gkbltidiiasi ibsiapal kal iboaopual oblbrioa ildnroasi
=. Gkbltidiiasi dactnr-daitnr yalf kapat
1. Ibtikaiakbiuatal ibtraopijal inouliiasi oblilfiatial kal oblurulial ontivasi
=. Ibtikaioaopual oblfatasi oasajae (ilkivikua pbrijaiu eikup mbrsie kal sbeat
atau ibjuarfa) [brapbutii
[alka oaynr 1. Sbkiaial oatbri kal obkia Xblkikiial
Sum`bitid 0 tikai tbrsbkia Ibsbeatal
Nm`bitid 0 =. @akwajial Xblkikiial Ibsbeatal sbsuai
1. Iuralf oblul`uiial pbrijaiu akaptid tbreakap ibsbpaiatal
pbrumaeal jilfiulfal 3. Mbriial ibsbopatal ultui
=. Iuralf oblul`uiial pboaeaoal tbltalf pbrijaiu sbeat mbrtalya Bkuiasi
3. [ikai oaopu obl`ajalial pbrijaiu sbeat 1. @bjasial dactnr rbsiin yalf
[alka oilnr kapat obopblfaruei Ibsbeatal
Sum`bitid 0 tikai tbrsbkia =. A`arial pbrijaiu eikup mbrsie kal sbeat
Nm`bitid 0 3. A`arial stratbfi yalf kapat kifulaial
1. Oboijiii ]iwayat pbrijaiu oblcari maltual ultui oblilfiatial pbrijaiu eikup mbrsie
Ibsbeatal yalf iuralf kal sbeat
=. Iuralf oblul`uiial oilat ultui oblilfiatial
pbrijaiu sbeat
K.8878 Ibsiapal pblilfiatal inpilf ibjuarfa Sbtbjae kijaiuial iul`ulfal ruoae 3x G.87=48 Kuiulfal Inpilf Ibjuarfa
Kbdilisi kiearapaial status inpilf ibjuarfa Nmsbrvasi 0
Xnja akaptasi alffnta ibjuarfa kajao oblfatasi situasi yalf kiajaoi (J.87855) obomaii kblfal iritbria easij0 1. Gkbltidiiasi rbspnl bonsinlaj tbreakap
ijibl sbcara bdbitid kal oblul`uiial ibilfilal sbrta ibsiapal ultui inlkisi saat ili
• Ibieawatiral tbltalf alffnta
oblilfiatial ibsbeatal ibjuarfa kal ijibl. ibjuarfa =. Gkbltidiiasi tbreakap inlkisi saat ili
[alka oaynr 3. Gkbltidiiasi pboaeaoal tbltalf ibputusal
• Xbrijaiu oblfamaiial ibjuarfa
Sum`bitid 0 pbrawatal sbtbjae pujalf
• Iboaopual obobluei ibmutueal
1. Alffnta ibjuarfa oblbtapial tu`ual ultui ;. Gkbltidiiasi ibsbsuaial altara earapal
alffnta ibjuarfa
oblilfiatial faya eikup sbeat
• Inouliiasi altar alffnta ibjuarfa pasibl, ibjuarfa kal tblafa ibsbeatal
=. Alffnta ibjuarfa oblbtapial sasaral ultui
[brapbutii
oblilfiatial Ibsbeatal
1. Kblfarial oasajae, pbrasaal kal
Nm`bitid 0 tikai tbrsbkia
pbrtalyaal ibjuarfa
[alka oilnr 0
=. [brioa lijai-lijai ibjuarfa kblfal cara
1. Alffnta ibjuarfa oblfikbltidiiasi pblfajaoal
yalf tikai kieaiioi
yalf oblfnptioajial ibsb`aetbraal
3. Kisiusiial rblcala obkis kal pbrawatal
=. Alffnta ibjuarfa mbrupaya obl`bjasial kaopai
Bkuiasi
irisis tbreakap pbribomalfal
1. Gldnroasiial iboa`ual pasibl sbcara
3. Alffnt ibjuarfa oblfulfiapial oilat kajao
mbriaja
obomuat inltai kblfal nralf jail yalf oblfajaoi
=. Gldnroasiial dasijitas
situasi yalf saoa
pbrawatal Ibsbeatal yalf
Nm`bitid 0 tikai tbrsbkia
tbrsbkia
Injamnrasi
1. ]u`ui ultui tbrapi ibjuarfa, `iia pbrju
K 8876 Xblurulal inpilf ibjuarfa Sbtbjae kijaiuial iul`ulfal ruoae 3x G.87=48 Kuiulfal Inpilf Ibjuarfa
Kbdilisi 0 kiearapaial status inpilf ibjuarfa Nmsbrvasi 0
Ibtikaibdbitidal kuiulfal, rasa lyaoal, maltual kal (J.87855) obomaii kblfal iritbria easij0 2. Gkbltidiiasi rbspnl bonsinlaj
ontivasi nralf tbrkbiat (alffnta ibjuarfa atau nralf mbrarti) yalf
• Ibieawatiral tbltalf alffnta tbreakap inlkisi saat ili
kimutueial ijibl ultui oblfbjnja atau oblfatasi oasajae 4. Gkbltidiiasi tbreakap inlkisi saat ili
ibjuarfa
ibsbeatal.
• Xbrijaiu oblfamaiial ibjuarfa 6. Gkbltidiiasi pboaeaoal tbltalf ibputusal
Xblybmam 0
• Iboaopual obobluei ibmutueal pbrawatal sbtbjae pujalf
1. Ibjbjaeal nralf tbrkbiat kajao obombriial kuiulfal
alffnta ibjuarfa 5. Gkbltidiiasi ibsbsuaial altara earapal
=. Iuralflya sajilf oblkuiulf
• Inouliiasi altar alffnta ibjuarfa pasibl, ibjuarfa kal tblafa ibsbeatal
3. Nralf tbrkbiat tbrjaju dncus paka inlkisi ki juar ibjuarfa
[brapbutii
;. Irisis situasinlaj yalf kiajaoi nralf tbrkbiat
;. Kblfarial oasajae, pbrasaal kal
[alka oaynr pbrtalyaal ibjuarfa
Sum`bitid
2. [brioa lijai-lijai ibjuarfa kblfal cara
1. Ijibl oblfbjue ieawatir tbltalf rbspnl nralf
yalf tikai kieaiioi
tbrkbiat
4. Kisiusiial rblcala obkis kal pbrawatal
paka oasajae Ibsbeatal
Bkuiasi
Nm`bitid
3. Gldnroasiial iboa`ual pasibl sbcara
1. Nralf tbrkbiat oblarii kiri kari ijibl
mbriaja
=. [brmataslya inouliiasi nralf tbrkbiat kblfal ijibl
;. Gldnroasiial dasijitas
[alka oilnr
pbrawatal Ibsbeatal yalf
Sum`bitid 0
tbrsbkia
1. Nralf tbrkbiat oblyataial iuralf tbrpapar
Injamnrasi
ildnroasi tbltalf upaya oblfatasi oasajae ijibl
=. ]u`ui ultui tbrapi ibjuarfa, `iia pbrju
Nm`bitid 0
1. Maltual yalf kijaiuial nralf tbrkbiat oblul`uiial
easij yalf tikai obouasial
Xbrsbpsi maewa tilkaial sbsbnralf tikai aial obopblfaruei oblilfiat kblfal iritbria easij0 1. Gkbltidiiasi iboaopual yalf kioijiii
eati sbcara siflidiial, pbrsbpsi iuralf inltrnj paka situasi saat ili Oblyataial drustasi oblurul =. Gkbltidiiasi obtnkb pblybjbsaial oasajae
atau yalf aial katalf.
Ibtbrfaltulfal paka nralf jail oblurul 3. Gkbltidiiasi kaopai situasi pbral kal
Xblybmam 0
eumulfal
1. Xrnfrao pbrawatal/pblfnmatal yalf inopjbi atau
`alfia [brapbutii
pal`alf
1. Kisiusiial pbrumaeal pbral yalf kiajaoi
=. Jilfiulfal tikai oblkuiulf pbrawatal/pblfnmatal
=. Kuiulfal pblffulaal obialisob yalf
3. Gltbraisi iltbrpbrsnlaj tikai obouasial
tbpat
[alka oaynr
Sum`bitid 0 3. Iuralfi ralfsalfal jilfiulfal yalf
=7
[ambj =.3 pblbltual prinritas oblffulaial sbcinrilf