Hum
BASIC ENGLISH
for Beginners
BASIC ENGLISH for Beginners
Penulis:
Najamuddin, S.Pd., M.Hum
Editor:
Syamsuddin Sirah, M.Pd.
Design Sampul:
Elhikam Press Lombok
ISBN: 978-602-7644-62-5
Undang-undang republic Indonesia nomor 19 tahun 2002 tentang hak
cipta pasal 72 ketentuan pidana sanksi pelanggaran
1. Barangsiapa dengan sengaja dan tanpa hak mengumumkan atau
memperbanyak suatu ciptaan atau memberikan izin untuk itu.
dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling singkat 1 (satu) bulan
dan/atau denda paling sedikit Rp1.000.000,00 (satu juta rupiah), atau
pidana penjara paling lama 7 (tujuh) tahun dan/atau denda paling
banyak Rp5.000.000.000,00 (lima miliar rupiah).
2. Barangsiapa dengan sengaja menyerahkan menyiarkan,
memamerkan, mengedarkan atau menjual kepada umum suatu
ciptaan atau barang hasil pelanggaran Hak Cipta atau Hak Terkait
sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dipidana dengan penjara paling
lama 5 (lima) tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp500.000.000,00
(lima ratus juta rupiah).
Penulis,
I. To Be ..................................................................... 1
A. To Be sebagai Ordinary Verb. ........................... 2
B. Pemakaian To Be dalam Auxiliary Verb ............ 4
II. To Do .................................................................... 7
A. To Do as Ordinary Verb. ................................... 7
B. To Do as Auxiliary Verb .................................... 9
Subject To Be
I Am
You are
They are
We are
She is
he is
It is
Contohnya:
Positive : You are in the classroom.
Negative : the students were not in the classroom.
Introgative : Were students in the classroom ?
Catatan:
Bila diperhatikan bahwa dari Complement tersebut tdak ada
kata kerja yang mengikuti To Be, namun dapat diikuti dalam
fungsi yang lainnya, yaitu dalam To be as Auxiliary Verb.
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A. To Do as Ordinary Verb.
Seperti yang telah dijelaskan bahwa To Do sebagai kata
keja dalam kalimat dan dapat mengalami perubahan bentuk
waktu, seperti:
Present Tense : do/does
Past Tense : did
Present Partciple : doing
Past Participle : done
Present Tense:
• I do the journey with happiness.
• He always does the homework.
• You do your cook well.
• Julian does her short story.
Past Tense:
• Amir did his duty last week.
• He always did the homework two days ago.
• You did the cook well.
• I did the journey last month with happiness.
Present Participle:
• What is Amir doing?
• He is doing homework.
• You are doing something now.
• Lisa is doing exercises.
B. To Do as Auxiliary Verb.
To do dalam bagian ini penggunaannya berbeda dari
sebelumnya karena do digunakan dalam bentuk pertama,
seperti contoh: do drive, did drive, dst.
Penggunaan to do as auxiliary verb:
a. Penggunaan dalam kalimat negative dan interrogative.
• Does Andi like the beef burger?
Yes, he does.
• Do you want play the piano?
No, I do not.
• Does your brother bring my book?
Yes, he does.
• Did they see it?
No, they did not see it.
b. Menyatakan suatu permohonan atau undangan yang
lebih bersifat meyakinkan seseorang.
• Do the best, you will be a winner.
• Do work hard, later they get a lot of money.
• Do write a letter for me, please.
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Catatan:
Dalam bagian ini khususnya memiliki dua pola dalam kalimat
Possitive dan Interrogative.
Contoh:
She does not have motor bike for travelling.
We do not have a boat for trip to small island.
Contoh:
Does she have motor-bike for travelling?
Do we have boat for trip to small island?
Contoh:
• We have a lot of tables in the classroom.
(Kami mempunyai banyak meja di dalam kelas).
• I have not long hair.
(Saya tidak mempunyai rambut panjang).
• She has story book.
(Dia mempunyai buku cerita).
• Has he a durian tree in his garden?
(Apakah dia mempunyai pohon durian di kebunnya?)
• The students have wide yard in front of class.
(Para siswa mempunyai halaman yang luas di depan
kelas).
• Have I a pen in my bag?
(Apakah saya mempunyai pencil didalam Tas?
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• Menambahkan –y
Deliver -à delivery.
Discover -à discovery.
Recover -à recovery.
Compound Noun:
Singular Plural
Sister-in-law Sisters-in-law
Brother-in-law Brothers-in-law
Ada sejumlah noun dalam bentuk jamak yang tidak biasa atau
disebut juga dengan istilah bentuk jamak yang tak beraturan.
dan disebut sehingga tidak mengikut aturan penulisan, antara
lain:
Ada juga sejumlah noun dalam bentuk tunggal dan tidak ada
perubahan, antara lain:
• One goat à Two sheep
• One bird à Three bird
• One book à Four book
• One fish à Five fish
Short Conversation 1.
A: There are something different from my room.
B: Yes, I think so.
A: What's different?
B: I know! I think the cabinet in your room have been replaced
with big table.
A: Yes, you are right. The table is bigger and too many space use.
Short Conversation 2.
Rudi: Rafi, are we going to take a trip this week to Bali?
Rafi: Will we just go to the bedugul lake?
Rudi: Wow, that's a great idea, bedugul is nice place for
holliday.
Short Conversation 3.
A : Do you use a bus for travelling?
B : No, I don’t.
A : What do you usually use?
B : I usually use a motor-bike.
A : How many motor-bikes do you have?
B : I have one motor-bike.
A : What is the color of your motor-bike?
B : The color is black.
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Adjective yaitu kata sifat untuk memberi sifat pada noun (kata
benda), pronoun (kata ganti) yang dapat berupa orang, tempat,
hewan, benda. Beberapa jenis adjective dalam kalimat Bahasa
Inggris yang digunakan sebagai berikut:
A. Proper adjective
Proper adjective menggambarkan suatu benda dengan suatu
nama diri. Dan termasuk dalam lingkungan nama diri (proper
name). Pada adjective jenis ini, dapat diawali dengan
menggunakan huruf kapital.
Contoh:
• The Indonesian language.
• The Sasaknese cuisine.
• The Australian desert.
• The American flag
Contoh:
• A smart boy = anak yang pandai
• A pretty woman = seorang wanita yang cantik
• A new book = sebuah buku baru
• A brave man = sorang lelaki yang berani
• A beautiful place = suatu tempat yang indah
• A round road = suatu jalan bundar
• A wild buffalo = seekor kerbau liar
• A tame cat = seekor kucing jinak
• Lazy = malas
• Fat = gemuk
• Thin = kurus
• Good = baik
• Bad = buruk
• Short = pendek
• Long = panjang
• Cheerful = gembira
• Forgetful = pelupa
• Peaceful = tenang, damai
Contoh:
• My wife drinks too much coffee.
• Anton ate a little cake.
• Uncle brought too much water.
• My brother thought that Andi will eat that whole food
alone.
• Could you cut this mango in half, please?
D. Numeral Adjective
Numeral adjective menjelaskan tentang jumlah dalam bentuk
angka. Dapat digunakan untuk menghitung urutan dalam
sebuah kondisi.
Numeral adjective dapat dibagi menjadi dua bagian, yaitu:
Contohnya:
• There are six persons in the meeting.
• Ahmad is going to sell his three chickens in the
market.
• Yusuf is her second brother.
• He was the first man get big fish in the fishing
competition.
• Rina brought a dozen of bottles yesterday.
• He bought a pair of shoes two days ago.
E. Demonstrative Adjective.
Demonstrative adjective adalah digunakan untuk menujukkan
pada suau hal atau menerangkan keadaan orang, barang, atau
binatang tersebut berada.
Contoh:
• Andi is my cousin and the other is my friends. (Andi
adalah sepupuku dan yang lainnya teman-
temanku).
• Where are the other family, we want to discuss that
problem ? (Di mana keluarga yang lain, kita mau
membicarakan masalah tersebut?
Contoh:
• She doesn’t want the very same (self-same) car with
other passanger (Dia tak ingin mobil yang sama
dengan penumpang lainnya).
2) Indefinite Demonstratives.
a. A, an (seorang, sebuah, sebutir, seekor).
Penggunaan kata ini, sebagai berikut:
Kata sandang A/an memiliki arti satu. Pemakaian kata
sandang ini digunakan bersamaan dengan singular nouns
yang mempunyai fungsi menunjukkan tak tentu atau
dengan istilah Indefinite Article (kata sandang tak
tertentu). “A” diletakkan di depan kata benda berawal
huruf konsonan dan huruf hidup yang bunyinya seperti
huruf konsonan, sedangkan “an” diletakkan didepan kata
Contoh:
• Maria want to buy a new motor bike.
(Maria mau membeli sepeda motor baru).
• An apple is good for health.
(Buah apel baik untuk kesehatan).
• She has been waiting you for an hour.
(Dia telah menunggumu selama satu jam).
b. One (seseorang, suatu, dan sebagaiannya).
Penggunaan indefinite demonstrative “one” dalam
kalimat dapat digunakan untuk kata sifat penunjuk
tak tentu (indefinite demonstrative).
Contoh:
• Andi will bring his friends one day to his house.
(Andi akan membawa teman-teman suatu hari
nanti ke rumahnya)
• One Rafi came to visit family gathering.
(“Yang namanya” Rafi mau datang berkunjung
dalam acara berkumpul bersama keluarga).
• Uncle came one night to my house.
(Paman datang suatu malam ke rumah saya).
Contoh:
• Any boy come to the carnival.
• I may rent any car for traveling.
• She may visit any time she likes.
Contoh:
• Andi brings me some mangoes.
(Andi membawa beberapa mangga).
• Some person come to the hill this afternoon.
(Seseorang dating ke bukit tersebut sore ini)
• Uncle shows some difficult English words to me.
F. Distribute Adjective.
a. Another (yang lain).
Another menujukkan sesuatu yang lain dan telah
disebutkan sebelumnya pada kata benda tunggal
(singular).
Contoh:
• I have eaten other food.
(Saya sudah makan santapan lainnya)
• She has written other letter.
(Dia sudah menulis surat lainnya).
c. Any other.
Any other dipakai pada kalimat negative dan kata
benda dalam bentuk (jamak) dan tunggal (singular).
Contoh:
• I have not eaten any other food today.
(Saya tidak makan apapun hari ini).
• My brother hasn’t seen any other person yesterday.
(Saudaraku tidak melihat seorangpun kemarin).
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a. do call
b. call
c. am calling
diatas.
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c. Talk about events or actions that started in the past and still
in the present.
Examples:
Rudi has liked football since he was still in elementary
school.
His karate has really improved since he moved to japan.
Notes:
• Verbs use in Verb3.
• Present Perpect Tense use in positive, negative, and
interrogative sentence.
Sentence pattern:
The present perfect tense is divided into two, namely verbal
and nominal.
A. Verbal
1. Positive Pattern.
Subject + have/has + Verb 3.
• They have finished their test.
• Andi has bought a story book.
2. Negative Pattern.
Subject + have/has + not + Verb 3.
• They have not finished their test.
• Andi has not bought a story book.
• She has not gone from this town.
3. Interogative Pattern.
Have/has + subject + Verb3 + ?
• Have they finished their test ?
• Has Andi bought a story book ?
• Has she gone from this town ?
2. Negative Pattern.
Subject + have/has + not + been + Verb-ing
• They have not been playing basketball for two years.
• I have not been looking sunset here for half hour.
3. Interogative Pattern.
Have/has + subject + been + Verb-ing ?
• Have They been playing basketball for two years?
• Have I been looking sunset here for half hour?
• Has Rudi been fishing in the lake since nine o’clock this
morning?
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