PERANCANGAN TANGKI PENIMBUN CRUDE

PALM OIL (CPO) KAPASITAS 25000 kl

TUGAS AKHIR
Diajukan Kepada
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Untuk Memenuhi Syarat Memperoleh Gelar
Sarjana (S-1) Teknik Mesin

Disusun Oleh :
Agus Firnando
201610120311033

JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2021
 Perancangan Tangki Penimbun Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Kapasitas 25000 kl

Oleh : Agus Firnando, Trihono Sewoyo, Ali Saifullah

ABSTRAK

Tangki menjadi bagian penting dalam industri dasar, salah satunya industri Crude

Palm Oil (CPO). Peningkatan jumlah produksi Crude Palm Oil (CPO) harus

diimbangi dengan kapasitas tangki penimbun. Dalam perancangan ini diusulkan

sebuah pemodelan/desain tangki dengan kapasitas 25000 kl dan melakukan uji

atau simulasi terhadap desain pada software Ansys 19.2 untuk mengetahui total

deformasi dan Equipvalent(Von-misses) Stress yang terjadi pada tangki ketika

diberi beban angin (Wind Load) dan beban Hydrostatic (Hydrostatic Load).

Kata Kunci: Pemodelan, deformasi, equipvalent (von-misses) stress, wind load,

hydrostatic load

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 Design of a Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Hoarding Tank with a capacity of 25000 kl

By: Agus Firnando, Trihono Sewoyo, Ali Saifullah

ABSTRACT

The tank is an important part of the basic industry, one of which is the Crude

Palm Oil (CPO) industry. The increase in the amount of Crude Palm Oil (CPO)

production must be balanced with the capacity of the stockpile tank. In this design,

a tank modeling / design with a capacity of 25,000 kl is proposed and tests or

simulations on the design in the Ansys 19.2 software to determine the total

deformation and Equipvalent (Von-misses) Stress that occurs in the tank when

given a wind load (Wind Load) and load. Hydrostatic (Hydrostatic Load).

Keywords: modeling, deformation, equipvalent (von-misses) stress, wind load,

hydrostatic load

viii
 KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kita panjatkan kepada ALLAH SWT karena Rahmat dan Karunia

nya lah Penulis dapat menyelesaikan Tugas Akhir ini tepat pada waktunya dengan

Judul “Perancangan Tangki Penimbun Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Kapasitas

25000 kl”.

Tugas akhir ini disusun untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan untuk

memenuhi persyaratan akademik Program Sarjana Teknik (S1) Universitas

Muhammadiyah Malang. Selama mengikuti pendidikan S1 Teknik Mesin sampai

dengan proses penyelesaian Tugas Akhir, Berbagai pihak telah memberikan

fasilitas, membantu, membina dan membimbing penulis untuk itu penulis

mengucapkan terima kasih sebesar - besarnya kepada:

1. Allah SWT yang telah memberikan rahmat, bimbingan, kemampuan dan

kesehatan sehingga terselesaikannya laporan tugas akhir ini.

2. Bapak dan Ibu saya serta seluruh Keluarga Saya yang selalu memberikan doa,

semangat, dorongan, bimbingan, dan arahan sehingga dapat menyelesaikan

Tugas Akhir ini tepat pada waktunya.

3. Bapak Ir. TRIHONO SEWOYO, MT. dan Bapak Ir. ALI SAIFULLAH, MT.

Selaku dosen pembimbing tugas akhir ini, yang telah memberikan masukan serta

bimbingan nya sehingga dapat terselesaikan nya tugas akhir ini.

4. Bapak Murjito, ST,MT,. selaku ketua jurusan teknik mesin dan seluruh Dosen

Teknik Mesin UMM, pegawai tata usaha, Pegawai laboratorium Teknik Mesin,

dan Pegawai Kebersihan Laboratorium Teknik Mesin Yang tidak dapat saya

Sebutkan Namanya satu-persatu

ix
5. Kepada teman-teman yang telah memberikan masukan, bantuan tenaga, pikiran

serta semangat dalam proses pengerjaan tugas akhir ini.

6. Kepada teman-teman UKM MVBT yang telah mengajarkan berproses dalam

organisasi dan olahraga bola voli.

7. Kepada peserta grub WA “ALLHAMDULILAH SAH” dan “KIYIG TEAM”

selaku tempat sambat dan partner dalam mengukir ribuan kenangan.

8. Dan Febby Aurelia Setiawan yang selalu ada dan siap membantu dalam hal

apapun.

Penulis menyadari, Tugas akhir ini masih banyak kelemahan dan

kekurangan. Karena itu kritik dan saran yang membangun akan diterima dengan

senang hati, mudah-mudahan keberadaan tugas akhir ini dapat bermanfaat dan

menambah wawasan kita.

Malang, 20 Maret 2021

Agus Firnando

x
 DAFTAR ISI

COVER ............................................................................................................... i
POSTER ............................................................................................................. ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................... iii
LEMBAR BIMBINGAN TUGAS AKHIR ...................................................... iv
LEMBAR BIMBINGAN TUGAS AKHIR ....................................................... v
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PLAGIASI ........................................................... vi
ABSTRAK........................................................................................................ vii
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... viii
KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR ISI ..................................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................... xiv
DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... xvii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang....................................................................................... 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah.................................................................................. 2
1.3 Tujuan Dari Perancangan ....................................................................... 2
1.4 Manfaat Perancangan ............................................................................. 3
1.5 Batasan Masalah .................................................................................... 3
1.6 Konsep Desain ....................................................................................... 4
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI ........................................................................... 22
2.1 Supported Cone Roof Tank .................................................................. 22
2.2 Persyaratan Untuk Elemen – Elemen Tangki ....................................... 22
2.3 Bagian – Bagian Tangki ....................................................................... 27
2.3.1 Data Umum Perancangan.............................................................. 27
2.3.2 Diameter dan Tinggi Tangki ......................................................... 28
2.3.3 Shell Plate .................................................................................... 28
2.3.4 Pelat Dasar Tangki........................................................................ 30
2.3.5 Top Angle..................................................................................... 32
2.3.6 Wind Girder.................................................................................. 33
2.3.7 Roof Plate ..................................................................................... 34
2.3.8 Rangka Atap ................................................................................. 34

xi
 2.4 Perlengkapan Tangki (Aksesoris) ......................................................... 35
2.4.1 Shell Manhole ............................................................................... 35
2.4.2 Shell nozzle ................................................................................... 36
2.4.3 Brider valve .................................................................................. 36
2.4.4 Peralatan pemadam api ................................................................ 37
2.4.5 Anchor chair ................................................................................. 38
2.4.6 Earth lug ...................................................................................... 38
2.4.7 Level gauging ............................................................................... 39
2.4.8 Sump............................................................................................. 39
2.4.9 Stairway ....................................................................................... 39
2.5 Pembebanan......................................................................................... 40
2.5.1 Beban Angin ................................................................................. 40
2.5.2 Beban Hydrostatic ........................................................................ 42
2.6 Aspek Pemeliharaan ............................................................................ 42
2.6.1 Pemantauan tangki ........................................................................ 42
2.6.2 Pemeliharaan rutin peralatan tangki .............................................. 43
2.6.3 Perbaikan tangki ........................................................................... 44
2.7 Kalibrasi .............................................................................................. 49
BAB III METODE PERANCANGAN ............................................................ 50
3.1 Diagram Alir........................................................................................ 50
3.2 Studi Literatur...................................................................................... 52
3.3 Pengumpulan Data ............................................................................... 52
3.4 Proses Perhitungan............................................................................... 53
3.4.1 Data Umum Perancangan.............................................................. 53
3.4.2 Diameter dan Tinggi Tangki ......................................................... 53
3.4.3 Shell Plate..................................................................................... 55
3.4.4 Pelat Dasar Tangki........................................................................ 62
3.4.5 Top Angle..................................................................................... 65
3.4.6 Wind Girder.................................................................................. 67
3.4.7 Roof Plate ..................................................................................... 70
3.4.8 Rangka Atap ................................................................................. 73
3.5 Pembebanan......................................................................................... 76
3.5.1 Beban Angin ................................................................................. 76
3.5.2 Beban Hydrostatic ........................................................................ 79

xii
 3.5.3 Beban Kombinasi ......................................................................... 81
3.6 Pemodelan 3D dengan Software Inventor............................................. 82
3.7 Simulasi dengan Software ANSYS Workbench 19.2 ............................ 84
3.8 Analisis................................................................................................ 90
3.8.1 Wind Load .................................................................................... 91
3.8.2 Hydrostatic Load Analysis ............................................................ 96
3.8.3 Combination Load Analysis .......................................................... 99
3.9 Kesimpulan Hasil Analisis ................................................................. 102
BAB IV KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN......................................................... 105
4.1 Kesimpulan........................................................................................ 105
4.2 Saran ................................................................................................. 109
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..................................................................................... 110

xiii
 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1. Pengolahan Kelapa Sawit Menjadi Crude Palm Oil (CPO) .................. 1

Gambar 2. Konsep Desain Tangki ........................................................................ 4

Gambar 3. Konsep Desain Annular & Bottom Plate ............................................. 6

Gambar 4. Detail Konsep Desain Annular & Bottom Plate ................................... 7

Gambar 5. Konsep Desain Shell Plat .................................................................... 9

Gambar 6. Detail Konsep Desain Shell Plate ...................................................... 10

Gambar 7. Konsep Desain Struktur Rangka Roof ............................................... 12

Gambar 8. Konsep Desain Roof ......................................................................... 14

Gambar 9. Detail Konsep Desain Roof............................................................... 15

Gambar 10. Konsep Desain Top Angle .............................................................. 17

Gambar 11. Konsep Desain Top Wind Girder ................................................... 18

Gambar 12. Konsep Desain Intermediate Wind Girder ....................................... 19

Gambar 13. Konsep Desain Manhole ................................................................. 20

Gambar 14. Konsep Desain Inlet Outlet Pipe ..................................................... 21

Gambar 15. Supported cone roof tank ................................................................ 22

Gambar 16. Pengelasan Vertical ........................................................................ 24

Gambar 17. Pengelasan Horizontal .................................................................... 24

Gambar 18. Tipe pengelasan annular dan bottom plate ....................................... 25

Gambar 19. Single-welded butt joint with backing strip ..................................... 25

Gambar 20. Single-welded lap joint ................................................................... 26

Gambar 21. Tipe pengelasan pada roof plate dan top angle ................................ 26

Gambar 22. Denah plate dasar tangki ................................................................. 32

xiv
Gambar 23. Top Angle....................................................................................... 33

Gambar 24. Dan 25. Top Wind Girder dan Intermediate Wind Girder ................ 33

Gambar 26. Shell manhole ................................................................................. 36

Gambar 27. Dan 28. Outlet dan inlet pipe nozzle ............................................... 36

Gambar 29. Foam chamber ................................................................................ 37

Gambar 30. Anchor chair ................................................................................... 38

Gambar 31. Earth lug ......................................................................................... 38

Gambar 32. Level gauging ................................................................................. 39

Gambar 33. Overtuning Check for Unanchored Tanks ....................................... 40

Gambar 34. Desain dan Dimensi Shell Plate ...................................................... 60

Gambar 35. Desain dan Detail Sambungan Shell Plate ....................................... 61

Gambar 36. Desain, Dimensi dan Detail Annular & Bottom Plate ...................... 64

Gambar 37. Desain dan Dimensi Top Angle ...................................................... 65

Gambar 38. Desain Posisi Top Angle ................................................................. 66

Gambar 39. Desain Top Wind Girder dan Intermediate Wind Girder ................ 67

Gambar 40. Desain dan Dimensi Top Wind Girder ............................................ 68

Gambar 41. Desain dan Dimensi Intermediate Wind Girder ............................... 69

Gambar 42. Desain dan Dimensi Roof Plate ....................................................... 72

Gambar 43. Desain dan Dimensi Struktur Rangka Roof ..................................... 75

Gambar 44. Sketsa Beban Angin Wind Load ..................................................... 79

Gambar 45. Sketsa Beban Hydrostatic ............................................................... 81

Gambar 46. Sketsa beban Kombinasi ................................................................. 82

Gambar 47. Desain 3D Shell & Bottom Plate pada Inventor ............................... 82

Gambar 48. Desain 3D Assembly Part List ........................................................ 83

xv
Gambar 49. Desain 3D Assembly Roof Plate ..................................................... 83

Gambar 50. Desain 3D Tangki Crude Palm Oil (CPO) ....................................... 84

Gambar 51. Desain geometri dari Ansys ............................................................ 85

Gambar 52. Hasil meshing pada roof dan shell plate oleh Ansys ........................ 86

Gambar 53. Pemberian fixed support dan beban pada roof plate......................... 87

Gambar 54. Proses pemberian fixed support....................................................... 88

Gambar 55. Pemberian beban angin (Wind Load) .............................................. 89

Gambar 56. Pemberian beban hydrostatic (Hydrostatic Load) ............................ 90

Gambar 57. Hasil Deformasi wind load pada roof .............................................. 92

Gambar 58. Hasil Von Misses Stress wind load pada Roof ................................ 92

Gambar 59. Hasil total deformasi wind load pada shell plate .............................. 94

Gambar 60. Hasil Von-misses stress wind load pada shell plate ......................... 95

Gambar 61. Hasil total deformasi hydrostatic load pada shell plate .................... 97

Gambar 62. Hasil von-misses stress hydrostatic load pada shell plate ................ 98

Gambar 63. Hasil total deformasi combination load pada shell plate ................ 100

Gambar 64. Hasil von misses stress combination load pada shell plate ............ 101

xvi
 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1. Ukuran minimum pengelasan ............................................................... 27

Tabel 2. Ketebalan Shell Plate............................................................................ 29

Tabel 3. Ketebalan annular dan bottom plate (mm) ............................................ 30

Tabel 4. Ukuran top angle .................................................................................. 32

Tabel 5. Allowable Stress Plate .......................................................................... 91

Tabel 6. Tabel shell plate ................................................................................. 105

xvii
 DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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Roof Construction to Impact Loading, 552(2), 203.
American Petroleum Institute. (2007). API 650 Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage.
Policy, 552(3).
American Petroleum Institute. (2012). Welded Tanks for oil Storage API 650 norm.
552(3), 1–449.
Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2006). Baja Profil Kanal U Proses Canai Panas.
Bsn.Go.Id.
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Pada Storage Tank Terhadap Mutu CPO Di Pabrik Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Teknik
Dan Teknologi, 14(28), 2199001.
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Iptek, vol 2. (n.d.). 1,2 1 ,2. 2(1), 30–35.
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