Teknologi Dasar

Penyambungan Materials Berbasis Polimer

Disampaikan oleh:
Prantasi Harmi Tjahjanti
Dosen Prodi. Teknik Mesin
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SIDOARJO
 Kampus 2 FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Teknik Sipil (S1)

Presentation outline:

RESEARCH ACTIVITY

INTRODUCTION

METHOD / EXPERIMENTAL
STUDIES

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION
RESEARCH ACTIVITY
 2015– 2022:
 Teknologi Dasar Penyambungan Material Berbasis Polimer Untuk Memperoleh Keunggulan Unjuk Kerjanya
 Keunggulan Dan Inovasi Pelapis Graphene – Polimer Sebagai Pelindung Korosi Baja ASTM A36
 Pemodelan Dan Aplikasi Material Komposit EN AC-43100(AlSi10Mg(B))+SiC*/15p Untuk Struktur Kapal
 Pengkajian, Pembuatan Dan Produksi Box Speaker Dari Material Komposit Berbasis Polimer Dengan Reinforcement Limbah
Media Tanam Jamur

2003 – 2014:
Produksi Drum Brake Dari Material Komposit Berbasis Aluminum Untuk Komponen Otomotif Bersifat Ringan dan
Memperlancar Transportasi Darat
Pembuatan Komponen Otomotif Brake Drum Dari Material Komposit Berbasis Aluminium Dengan Metode
Centrifugal Casting Untuk Meningkatkan Faktor Efektivitas Rem
Analisa Korosi Pada Bahan Komposit Ber-Matrix Aluminium Dengan Reinforcement Bahan Keramik Silikon
Karbida (SiC)
Pembuatan Plat Komposit Berbasis Aluminium Dengan Cara Pengecoran Sebagai Material Alternatif Untuk
Bangunan Kapal
Pengaruh Coating Silikon Karbida (SiC) Terhadap Proses Pengecoran Aluminium Metal Matrix Cast Composite
(AMMCC) Untuk Menunjang Efisiensi Bahan Industri Otomotif
Pengaruh Serabut Kelapa Sebagai Bahan Pengisi Komposit Bermatrik Polimer Termoset
Pengaruh Bahan Pengisi Caco3 Dan Al2o3 Terhadap Poliester Tak Jenuh Pada Pengujian Tarik

< 2003:
Sintesis dan Karakteristik Bahan Magnetik Nd15+xFe77-xB8 (x=0 ; x=3)
Studi Tentang Mikrostruktur dan Struktur Kristal Pada Pembentukan Superkonduktor (Bi-Pb)-2223 Melalui
Prekursor (Bi-Pb)-2212
Pengaruh Variasi Dopan Pb pada Pembentukan Superkonduktor (Bi-Pb)-2223 Melalui Prekursor (Bi-Pb)-2212
Pengkajian Konduktivitas Listrik Bahan Campuran PE-CuO, PE-ZnO dan PE-Fe2
 INTRODUCTION

Metal Crack is
joined with
welding

Concrete crack is
joined with
Grouting Epoxy
Resin
 Material Based on Polymers….???

Thermoplastic Polymer
polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe

Thermoset Polymer
Cracked/broken of Bakelite

Polymer Matrix Composite

Cracked/broken of speed boat hull Cracked/broken of motorcycle shield

Polymer (Greek poly-, "many" + -mer, "part") is a substance or material consisting
of very large molecules, or macromolecules, composed of many repeating subunits.
This is simply a material composed of many repeated units called monomers that
link together into chains or branches

mer

Termoplastik adalah jenis plastik yang melunak jika

mengalami pemanasan dan akan mengeras jika
mengalami pendinginan. Proses pelunakan dan
pengerasan termoplastik dapat berlangsung
berulang kali.
e.g: PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PE (Polyethylene),
PP (Polypropylene),etc
Thermosetting polymer, often called a thermoset, merupakan polimer yang tidak dapat
mencair atau meleleh saat mengalami pemanasan. Sifat utama dari termoset adalah
adanya ikatan silang sehingga menyebabkan kenaikan berat molekul yang besar. Termoset
tidak bisa dibentuk dan tidak dapat larut saat dipanaskan

Polymer Matrix Composites (PMC /PMCs)

Komposit dengan matriks polimer merupakan material yang menggunakan polimer sebagai
matriks dan serat sebagai penguat. Serat yang umum digunakan dalam material komposit
polimer berpenguat serat adalah serat gelas, serat karbon dan serat organik lainnya. Other
advantages are good abrasion resistance and good corrosion resistance. Thermosetting
resins are the most widely used polymers in PMCs. Epoxy and polyester are commonly
mixed with fiber reinforcement
 MATERIAL BASED ON POLYMER

POLYMER MATRIX
MATERIAL OF POLYMER
COMPOSITE

Thermoplastic Thermoset
Polymer Polymer

How to Repair

Welding Patching
 METHOD /
Material of Thermoplastic Polymer
EXPERIMENTAL (PVC, PP, PE)
STUDIES

Sheet shape Pipe shape

Sample for welding test

Acetylene Oxy Welding (sheet shape) Hot Gas Hand Welding (pipe shape)

Penetrand liquid test Bending test Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

Result of analysis

Conclusion
Acetylene Oxy Welding (for sheet shape of PVC, PE, PP)
Oxy-acetylene welding/ Las Oxy-Acetylene (las asetilen)
adalah proses pengelasan secara manual, dimana
permukaan yang akan disambung mengalami pemanasan
sampai mencair oleh nyala (flame) gas asetilen (yaitu
pembakaran C2H2 dengan O2), dengan atau tanpa logam
pengisi, dimana proses penyambungan tanpa penekanan.

Welding
wire/electrode
(C2H3Cl)n
PVC PVC PP PE

Welding
wire/electrode

-[𝐶3𝐻6]-n
PVC PP PE
PE

Welding
wire/electrode

PP PVC PP PE
Hot Gas Hand Welding (for pipe shape of PVC, PE, PP)
Hot gas (hand) welding is a fabrication process
for thermoplastic materials. The process,
invented in the mid 20 th century, uses a
stream of heated gas, usually air, to heat and
melt both the thermoplastic substrate material
and the thermoplastic welding rod.

Welding
wire/electrode
PVC PP
PVC PE

Welding
wire/electrode

PE PVC PP PE

Welding
wire/electrode
PP PVC PP PE
 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Acetylene Oxy Welding (for sheet shape of PVC, PE, PP)

No Thermoplastic Welding Tempera Result of Acetylene

Polymer wire/electro ture Oxy Welding
de (oC)

Connected Not
connected

1. PE PE 127.0 
PP 140.7 
PP
PVC 84.6 
2. PP PP 124.9 
PE 120.5 
PVC
PVC 86.2 
3. PVC PVC 75.3 
PE - X
PE
PP - X
 penetrant testing
PE with PE Welding wire/electrode

PE with PP Welding wire/electrode

PE with PVC Welding wire/electrode

PP with PP Welding wire/electrode

PP with PVC Welding wire/electrode

PP with PE Welding wire/electrode

PVC with PVC Welding

wire/electrode
 Bending test machine

Bending test Result Bending test

 Table 1 Bending test result for PE with welding wire/electrode PE
Sample
No Specification Average
1 2 3
1 Maximum Pressing Force (kgf) 472.76 504.45 486.07 487.76
2 Bending strength (kgf/mm²) 19.25 20.54 19.79 19.86
3 Elongation (%) 52.25 49.83 47.24 49.77
4 Cross-sectional area (A) mm² 24.56 24.56 24.56 24.56

Table 2 Bending test result for PE with welding wire/electrode PP

Sample
No Specification Average
1 2 3
1 Maximum Pressing Force (kgf) 522,4 521,13 525,57 523,03
2 Bending strength (kgf/mm²) 21,27 21,22 21,40 21,30
3 Elongation (%) 48,59 53,69 51,52 51,27
4 Cross-sectional area (A) mm² 24,56 24,56 24,56 24,56

Table 3 Bending test result for PE with welding wire/electrode PVC

Sample
No Specification Average
1 2 3
1 Maximum Pressing Force (kgf) 509,73 503,18 503,39 505,43
2 Bending strength (kgf/mm²) 20,75 20,49 20,50 20,58
3 Elongation (%) 49,98 51,81 53,36 51,72
4 Cross-sectional area (A) mm² 24,57 24,56 24,56 24,56
 Table 4 Bending test result for PP with welding wire/electrode PP
Sample
No Specification Average
1 2 3
1 Maximum Pressing Force (kgf) 419,95 395,44 392,91 402,77
2 Bending strength (kgf/mm²) 39,9 37,57 37,33 38,27
3 Elongation (%) 55,28 57,16 57,70 56,71
4 Cross-sectional area (A) mm² 10,525 10,525 10,525 10,525

Table 5 Bending test result for PP with welding wire/electrode PVC

Sample
No Specification Average
1 2 3
1 Maximum Pressing Force (kgf) 422,48 415,72 414,03 417,41
2 Bending strength (kgf/mm²) 40,14 39,49 39,33 39,65
3 Elongation (%) 50,29 55,42 59,25 54,99
4 Cross-sectional area (A) mm² 10,525 10,527 10,527 10,526
 Table 6 Bending test result for PP with welding wire/electrode PE
Sample
No Specification Average
1 2 3
1 Maximum Pressing Force (kgf) 393,75 411,5 419,95 408,4
2 Bending strength (kgf/mm²) 37,41 39,09 39,90 38,80
3 Elongation (%) 63,41 54,49 48,13 55,34
4 Cross-sectional area (A) mm² 10,525 10,525 10,525 10,525

Table 7 Bending test result for PVC with welding wire/electrode PVC
Sample
No Specification Average
1 2 3
1 Maximum Pressing Force (kgf) 403,89 409,81 408,96 407,55
2 Bending strength (kgf/mm²) 38,37 38,93 38,85 38,72
3 Elongation (%) 31,07 36,99 68,67 45,58
4 Cross-sectional area (A) mm² 10,526 10,526 10,526 10,526
 Hot Gas Hand Welding (for pipe shape of PVC, PE, PP)

No Thermoplas Welding Tempera Result of Hot Gas

tic Polymer wire/elec ture Hand Welding
Welding Welding
Welding trode (oC)
wire/elec
wire/electrode wire/elec
PVC trode PE
trode Connec Not
PP
ted connected

1. PVC PVC 172.2 

PE 129.2 
PP 126.9 

Result of Hot Gas Hand Welding for Pipe shape of PVC

 Welding
Welding Welding Result of Hot Gas
wire/elec
wire/elec No Thermoplas Tempera
trode
trode PE
PP tic Polymer wire/elec ture Hand Welding
trode (oC)
Connec Not
ted connected

2. PE PVC - X
PE 139.7 
PP 128.5 

No Thermoplas Welding Tempera Result of Hot Gas

Welding
Welding
wire/elec
wire/elec tic Polymer wire/elec ture Hand Welding
trode
trode PE
PP trode (oC)
Connec Not
ted connected

2. PP PVC - X
PE 137.4 
PP 122.4 
penetrant testing
Bending test result for PVC with welding
wire/electrode PVC

Table 8 Bending test result for PVC with welding wire/electrode PVC
Sample
No Specification Average
1 2
1 Maximum Pressing Force (kgf) 439.38 433.47 436.43
2 Bending strength (kgf/mm²) 182.43 179.97 181.2
3 Elongation (%) 5.23 5.34 5.29
4 Cross-sectional area (A) mm² 2.409 2.409 2.409

Bending test result for PVC with welding

wire/electrode PE

Table 9 Bending test result for PVC with welding wire/electrode PE

Sample Average
No Specification
1 2 3
1 Maximum Pressing Force (kgf) 432.62 436 434.31 434.31
2 Bending strength (kgf/mm²) 179.62 181.02 180.32 180.32
3 Elongation (%) 8.42 6.72 3.20 6.11
4 Cross-sectional area (A) mm² 2.409 2.409 2.409 2.409
 Bending test result for PVC with welding
wire/electrode PP

Table 10 Bending test result for PVC with welding wire/electrode PP

Sample Average
No Specification
1 2 3
1 Maximum Pressing Force (kgf) 427.55 426.71 430.09 428.12
2 Bending strength (kgf/mm²) 177.51 177.16 178.57 177.75
3 Elongation (%) 6.55 4.06 6.80 5.80
4 Cross-sectional area (A) mm² 2.409 2.409 2.409 2.409

Bending test result for PE with welding

wire/electrode PE

Table 11 Bending test result for PE with welding wire/electrode PE

Sample Average
No Specification
1 2 3
1 Maximum Pressing Force (kgf) 441.07 427.55 425.02 431.21
2 Bending strength (kgf/mm²) 183.13 177.51 176.46 179.03
3 Elongation (%) 19.23 16.06 12.58 15.96
4 Cross-sectional area (A) mm² 2.409 2.409 2.409 2.409
 Bending test result for PE with welding
wire/electrode PP

Table 12 Bending test result for PE with welding wire/electrode PP

Sample Average
No Specification
1 2 3
1 Maximum Pressing Force (kgf) 434.31 436.31 439.38 436.67
2 Bending strength (kgf/mm²) 180.32 180.32 182.43 181.02
3 Elongation (%) 3.42 5.58 4.53 4.51
4 Cross-sectional area (A) mm² 2.409 2.409 2.409 2.409

Bending test result for PP with welding

wire/electrode PP
Table 13 Bending test result for PP with welding wire/electrode PP
Sample Average
No Specification
1 2 3
1 Maximum Pressing Force (kgf) 439.38 436 416.57 430.65
2 Bending strength (kgf/mm²) 182.43 181.02 172.95 178.8
3 Elongation (%) 7.64 7.83 6.84 7.44
4 Cross-sectional area (A) mm² 2.409 2.409 2.409 2.409
 Bending test result for PP with welding
wire/electrode PE

Table 14 Bending test result for PP with welding wire/electrode PE

Sample Average
No Specification
1 2 3
1 Maximum Pressing Force (kgf) 431.78 438.54 431.78 434.03
2 Bending strength (kgf/mm²) 179.27 182.07 179.27 180.20
3 Elongation (%) 8,05 4.2 8.23 6.83
4 Cross-sectional area (A) mm² 2.409 2.409 2.409 2.409
 Original
No Specification
PP PE PVC
1 Maximum Pressing Force (kgf) 436.85 421.64 494.31
2 Bending strength (kgf/mm²) 181.37 175.06 205.23
3 Elongation (%) 35.78 42.02 32.52
4 Cross-sectional area (A) mm² 2.409 2.409 2.409

Table 8 Bending test result for PVC with

welding wire/electrode PVC Bending strength (kgf/mm²) 181.2 11.7%
Hot Gas Hand Welding (for pipe shape of PVC, PE, PP)

Original
No Spesifikasi
PP PE PVC
1 Maximum Pressing Force (kgf) 417.41 411.5 411.5
2 Bending strength (kgf/mm²) 79,31 36,65 78,18
3 Elongation (%) 50.63 55.08 24.84
4 Cross-sectional area (A) mm² 5.263 11.22 5.2634

Table 5 Bending test result for PP with

welding wire/electrode PVC Bending strength (kgf/mm²) 39,65 48.23%
Acetylene Oxy Welding (for sheet shape of PVC, PE, PP)
 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image
Hot Gas Hand Welding (for pipe shape of PVC with welding wire/electrode PVC

El-
PVC

PVC

PVC with welding wire/electrode PVC

 Acetylene Oxy Welding for sheet shape of PP with
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image welding wire/electrode PP

PP

El-
PP

PE with welding wire/electrode PE

 CONCLUSION

1. Lembaran bahan polimer termoplastik jenis PP dan PE dapat

disambung dengan Acetylene Oxy Welding dengan
menggunakan ‘welding wire/electrode’ dari jenis PE, PVC, dan
PP
2. Namun khusus untuk lembaran termoplastik PVC hanya dapat
disambung dengan welding wire/electrode yang sama yaitu
bahan PVC, bila menggunakan Acetylene Oxy Welding
3. Sementara bila menggunakan Hot Gas Hand Welding, pipa PVC
dapat disambung dengan welding wire/electrode PVC, PE, and
PP.

4. Namun termoplastik jenis PP dan PE tidak dapat disambung bila

menggunakan welding wire/electrode PVC.
 Penelitian Selanjutnya

Penyambungan bahan polimer termoset:

Bahan: akrilik, melamin dan bakelit

dengan penyambungan menggunakan:
hot gas welding, solder listrik dan torch gas.

Menggunakan cara: Bio-mimetic self-healing techniques, yaitu

memberikan coating/pelapisan permukaan bahan tersebut untuk
melindungi diri dari gaya-gaya dari luar atau lainnya yang
menyebabkan material berbasis polimer ini mengalami keretakan
Penyambungan bahan Komposit berbasis polimer :

Dengan cara penambalan (patching)