TUGAS AKHIR
Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Meraih Gelar Sarjana Teknik
Strata 1 pada Jurusan Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Disusun Oleh :
HANIFIA ILMAWATI
Dosen Pembimbing :
1. M. Mujiburohman, S.T., M.T., Ph.D.
2. Ir. Herry Purnama, M.T., Ph.D.
2016
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INTISARI
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ABSTRACT
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MOTTO
“Dan boleh jadi kamu membenci sesuatu tetapi ia baik bagimu, dan boleh jadi
kamu menyukai sesuatu tetapi ia buruk bagimu, dan Allah mengetahui dan kamu
tidak mengetahui”.
(Q.S. Al-Baqarah: 216)
“Kebanggaan kita yang terbesar adalah bukan tidak pernah gagal, tetapi bangkit
kembali setiap kita jatuh”.
(Muhammad Ali)
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PERSEMBAHAN
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KATA PENGANTAR
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Penulis menyadari bahwa penyusunan tugas akhir ini masih jauh dari
kesempurnaan, oleh sebab itu kritik dan saran pembaca yang bersifat membangun
sangat kami apresiasi. Semoga tugas akhir ini dapat diterima dan bermanfaat bagi
pihak-pihak yang membutuhkan.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Hanifia Ilmawati
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DAFTAR ISI
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BAB II DESKRIPSI PROSES ...............................................................................14
2.1 Spesifikasi Bahan Baku, Bahan Pendukung dan Produk ........................14
2.1.1 Spesifikasi Bahan Baku ................................................................14
2.1.2 Spesifikasi Bahan Pendukung ......................................................14
2.1.3 Spesifikasi Produk ........................................................................14
2.2 Konsep Reaksi .........................................................................................15
2.2.1 Dasar Reaksi .................................................................................15
2.2.2 Mekanisme Reaksi ........................................................................15
2.2.3 Kondisi Operasi ............................................................................16
2.2.4 Tinjauan Termodinamika .............................................................16
2.2.5 Tinjauan Kinetika .........................................................................17
2.3 Tahapan Proses........................................................................................19
2.3.1 Tahap Persiapan Bahan Baku .......................................................19
2.3.2 Tahap Reaksi ................................................................................19
2.3.3 Tahap Pemisahan dan Pemurnian .................................................20
2.4 Neraca Massa dan Neraca Panas ............................................................21
2.4.1 Neraca Massa ................................................................................21
2.4.1.1 Neraca Massa di Sekitar Alat .............................................21
2.4.1.2 Neraca Massa Overall ........................................................22
2.4.2. Neraca Panas................................................................................23
2.5 Tata Letak Pabrik dan Peralatan .............................................................29
2.5.1 Tata Letak Pabrik.........................................................................29
2.5.2 Tata Letak Peralatan ....................................................................31
BAB III SPESIFIKASI ALAT PROSES ...............................................................35
3.1 Reaktor ....................................................................................................35
3.2 Menara Distilasi ......................................................................................36
3.3 Tangki Mixing .........................................................................................38
3.4 Tangki Penyimpanan ...............................................................................39
3.5 Alat Penukar Panas .................................................................................42
3.6 Akumulator .............................................................................................48
3.7 Pompa......................................................................................................50
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BAB IV UNIT PENDUKUNG PROSES DAN LABORATORIUM ...................59
4.1 Unit Pendukung Proses ...........................................................................59
4.1.1 Unit Pengadaan Air ......................................................................60
4.1.1.1 Air Pendingin ...................................................................60
4.1.1.2 Air Umpan Boiler.............................................................61
4.1.1.3 Air Konsumsi Umum dan Sanitasi...................................62
4.1.2 Unit Pengadaan Uap (Steam)........................................................63
4.1.3 Unit Pengadaan Udara Tekan .......................................................64
4.1.4 Unit Pengadaan Listrik .................................................................64
4.1.5 Unit Pengadaan Bahan Bakar .......................................................67
4.1.6 Unit Pengolahan Limbah ..............................................................71
4.1.6.1 Pengolahan Limbah Padat ................................................71
4.1.6.2 Pengolahan Limbah Gas ..................................................72
4.1.6.3 Pengolahan Limbah Cair ..................................................72
4.2 Laboratorium ...........................................................................................74
4.2.1 Program Kerja Laboratorium........................................................75
4.2.2 Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja ...............................................76
BAB V MANAJEMEN PERUSAHAAN..............................................................79
5.1 Bentuk Perusahaan ..................................................................................79
5.2 Struktur Organisasi .................................................................................80
5.2.1 Pimpinan .......................................................................................81
5.2.2 Staf (Pembantu Pimpinan) ............................................................82
5.3 Tugas dan Wewenang .............................................................................82
5.3.1 Pemegang Saham ..........................................................................82
5.3.2 Dewan Komisaris .........................................................................82
5.3.3 Dewan Direksi ..............................................................................83
5.3.4 Staf Ahli........................................................................................84
5.3.5 Kepala Bagian...............................................................................84
5.3.5.1 Kepala Bagian Teknik dan Produksi ................................84
5.3.5.2 Kepala Bagian Umum ......................................................86
5.3.5.3 Kepala Bagian Administrasi dan Keuangan ....................87
5.3.6 Kepala Seksi .................................................................................87
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5.4 Pembagian Jam Kerja Karyawan ............................................................88
5.4.1 Karyawan Non Shift ......................................................................88
5.4.2 Karyawan Shift .............................................................................88
5.5 Status Karyawan dan Pengupahan ..........................................................89
5.6 Penggolongan Karyawan ........................................................................90
5.7 Kesejahteraan Sosial Karyawan .............................................................91
BAB VI ANALISA EKONOMI ............................................................................92
6.1 Capital Investment ..................................................................................95
6.2 Manufacturing Cost (MC) ......................................................................95
6.3 General Expenses (GE) ..........................................................................96
6.4 Analisis Kelayakan .................................................................................96
6.4.1 Percent Return on Investment (ROI) ............................................96
6.4.2 Pay Out Time (POT) .....................................................................97
6.4.3 Break Even Point (BEP) ...............................................................97
6.4.4 Shut Down Point (SDP) ................................................................97
6.5.5 Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) ......................................................98
BAB VII KESIMPULAN ....................................................................................104
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... xvii
LAMPIRAN
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
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DAFTAR TABEL
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Tabel 6.2 Total fixed capital investment ...............................................................99
Tabel 6.3 Working capital .....................................................................................99
Tabel 6.4 Direct manufacturing cost ....................................................................99
Tabel 6.5 Indirect manufacturing cost ................................................................100
Tabel 6.6 Fixed manufacturing cost....................................................................100
Tabel 6.7 Total manufacturing cost ....................................................................100
Tabel 6.8 General expenses ................................................................................100
Tabel 6.9 Fixed cost ............................................................................................102
Tabel 6.10 Variable cost ......................................................................................102
Tabel 6.11 Regulated cost ....................................................................................102
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