Volume Gudang
Total massa bahan dalam gudang = 28000 kg/hari x 7 hari
= 196000 kg
Volume bahan dalam gudang = (616000
kg)/(380
kg/m3)
= 1042.553191 m3
Volume Gudang, Vg = (1+0.2) x 1621.0526 m3
= 1146.808511 m3
Gudang direncanakan berukuran : panjang (p) = lebar (l) = 2 x tinggi (t)
Volume Gudang (V) = 2t x 2t x t
∛(V/4)
Tinggi gudang (t) =
∛((1783.1579
= m3)/4)
= 7.6391 m
Panjang gudang (p) = lebar gudang (l) = 2 x 7.6391
= 15.2782 m
Q = 6.716117 ft3/jam
P = 0.030445 kW
P = 0.040821 hp
Maka digunakan daya standar 3/8 hp
= 15.8562 hp
= 12.316 m3
Faktor kelonggaran = 0.2
Vt = 1.2 x 0.54
= 14.779 m3
= 14779 liter
Diameter tangki, Dt
Tinggi silinder : Diameter (Hs : D) = 1 : 1
Tinggi head : Diameter (Hh : D) = 1 : 4
Vt = Vsilinder
= 1/4 π Dt2 H dimana H = D, maka
∛((4 Vt)/π)
Dt =
= (4 x 0.64/ π)1/3
= 0.9342 m
= 36.779 in
r = 1/2 Dt
= 1/2 x 0.934 m
= 0.4671 m
= 18.39 in
= 0.1067 m3
Tinggi silinder, Hs
Hs = Dt = 0.9342 m
Tinggi ellipsoidal head, Hh = 1/4 Dt
Hh = 1/4 x 0.9342 m
= 0.2336 m
Tinggi total tangki
Ht = Hs + Hh
= 0.9342 + 0.234
= 1.1678 m
Tinggi cairan (Hc)
Hc = (1-0.2)Hs
= 0.8 x 0.9342
= 0.7474 m
Tekanan desain (Pdesain)
Po = 14.696 psia
P hidrostatis = ρgHc
= 1028.1627 x 9.8 x 0.747
= 1376.94 N/m2
= 0.1997 psia
P operasi = Po + P
= 14.6960 + 1.09 psia
= 14.8957 psia
P desain = (1 + fk) x P operasi
= (1+0.2) x 15.788 psia
= 17.8748 psia
Untuk bahan konstruksi Carbon steel,SA-283, Gr. C (Timmerhaus, 1991, hal 538)
S = 12650 psia
E = 0.8
C = 0.05 in/tahun
n = 10 tahun
A = 0.5 in
= 0.53252 in
Tebal ellipsoidal head,tc
(P x Di)/(2SE
Tebal head (dh) = -0.2P) + (C x A) (Timmerhaus, 1991, hal 537)
= 0.53249 in
Dari Brownell & Young (1959), dipilih tebal tangki 3/4 in. Tutup terbuat dari bahan yang sama dan
tebal yang sama dengan dinding tangki.
V = 9.37785883 m3
Faktor kelonggaran = 20%
V.Reaktor = Vol. tangki yg ditempati cairan (V) x 0.2
= 9,3778588 x 0,2
= 11.2534306 m3
Untuk pengadukan
"Dt" /"Hc"
= 1
Dt = Hc
Dt = Hcs + Hc ; dimana Hcs = tinggi cairan dalam
Diameter tutup = diameter reaktor = Dt
Rasio axis ellipsoidal head = 2:01
π/24
Vol. tutup bawah reaktor = Dt3 (Brownell, 1959)
π/24
Vol. cairan dalam shell = Dt2 x Hcs
3/16
= π Dt3
3/16 π/24
Vol. cairan dalam tangki = π Dt3 + Dt3
11/48
11.2534306 = π Dt3 1
Dt = 11.2508278 m
Maka tinggi cairan dalam reaktor, He = 8.44 m
Direncanakan digunakan tangki dengan perbandingan Dt : Ht =3:4
4/3
Ht = Dt
4/3
= 11.2508278
= 15.0011038 m
Dt/4
Tinggi tutup, Hc =
15.1599/4
=
= 2.81270696 m
Tinggi shell, Hs = Ht - 2He
= 20.2133 - (2 x 3.7899)
= 9.37568987 m
Tekanan udara luar, Po = 1 atm
= 101.325 kPa
Tekanan Hidrostatik, Phid = ρxgxh
= 1214.1705 x 9.8 x 11.4
= 100404.115 Pa
= 100.404115 kPa
= 0.03043519 m
= 1.19823339 in
Faktor korosi = 1/8 in
Maka tebal shell yang dibutuhkan = 1.6571 + 1/8
= 1.32 in
Perancangan pengaduk
Jenis pengaduk = Propeller 3 blades
Jumlah baffle = 4 buah
Untuk turbin standar (Mc.Cabe, 1999), diperoleh
Da/Dt = 1/3 ; Da = 1/3 x 15.1599 m = 3.75028 m
= 12.3043 ft
E/Da = 1 ;E = 3.75027595 m = 12.3043 ft
L/Da = 1/4 ; L = 1/4 x 5.0533 m = 0.93757 m
= 3.07607 ft
W/Da = 1/5 ; W = 1/5 x 5.053 m = 0.75006 m
= 2.46086 ft
J/Dt = 1/12 ; J = 1/12 x 5.053 m = 0.31252 m
= 1.02536 ft
Kecepatan pengadukan, N = 2 putaran/ detik
Da = 3.75027595 m = 12.3043 ft
gc = 32.17 lbm.ft/lbf.det 2
Bilangan Reynold
= 2491960.31
Karena Nre > 10000, maka daya tidak bergantung pada bilangan Reynolds
Dari tabel 9.2 (Mc.Cabe, 1994), untuk pengaduk jenis impeller, diperoleh
kT = 0.32
"kT x N3 x Da5 x
P = μ" /"gc" (Mc.Cabe, 1994)
"0.32 x (2/s)3 x (16.579)5 x
P =
0.0092" /"32.147"
= 206.6181336 ft.lbf/s
= 0.375647888 hp
Effisiensi motor penggerak = 80%
= 0.3844502 m3/jam
0.3845/0.6061
V =
V = 0.853990726 m/jam
Tekanan udara luar = 1 atm
= 101.325 kPa
Tekanan Hidrostatik = ρxgxh
= 141606.7 Pa = 141.607 kPa
Tekanan Operasi = 101.325 + 190.81 kPa
= 242.9317 kPa
Faktor kelonggaran = 20%
Tekanan Desain = (0,2) x (292.1338) kPa
= 291.51804 kPa
Joint efficiency = 0.8 (Brownell, 1959)
Allowable stress = 112039.883 (Brownell, 1959)
= 0.03666364 m
= 1.44344759 in
Faktor korosi = 1/8 in
Maka tebal jaket yang dibutuhkan = 2.0468 in + 1/8 in
= 1.57 in
Tebal jaket standar yang digunakan = 2 in
(Brownell, 1959)
100C5H10O5
ijanarko,dkk, 2006)
V = 9.20362583 m3
Faktor kelonggaran = 5%
V.Reaktor = Vol. tangki yg ditempati cairan (V) x 1.05
= 6.81775 x 1.05
= 9.66380712 m3
Untuk pengadukan
"Dt" /"Hc"
= 1
Dt = Hc
Dt = Hcs + Hc ; dimana Hcs = tinggi cairan dalam
Diameter tutup = diameter reaktor = Dt
Rasio axis ellipsoidal head = 2:1
π/24
Vol. tutup bawah reaktor = Dt3 (Brownell, 1959)
π/24
Vol. cairan dalam shell = Dt2 x Hcs
3/16
= π Dt3
3/16 π/24
Vol. cairan dalam tangki = π Dt3 + Dt3
11/48
9.663807124 = π Dt3 1
Dt = 9.66157203 m
Maka tinggi cairan dalam reaktor, He = 7.25 m
Direncanakan digunakan tangki dengan perbandingan Dt : Ht =3:4
4/3
Ht = Dt
4/3
= 9.66157203
= 12.882096 m
Dt/4
Tinggi tutup, He =
7.15698/4
=
= 2.41539301 m
Tinggi shell, Hs = Ht - 2He
= 9.5426 - (2 x 1.7892)
= 8.05131002 m
Tekanan udara luar, Po = 1 atm
= 101.325 kPa
Tekanan Hidrostatik, Phid = ρxgxh
= 1237.1559 x 9.8 x 5.3677
= 87853.6007 Pa
= 87.8536007 kPa
= 0.02143998 m
= 0.84409192 in
Faktor korosi = 1/8 in
Maka tebal shell yang dibutuhkan = 0.5499 + 1/8
= 0.97 in
Perancangan pengaduk
Jenis pengaduk = Propeller 3 blades
Jumlah baffle = 4 buah
Untuk turbin standar (Mc.Cabe, 1999), diperoleh
Da/Dt = 1/3 ; Da = 1/3 x 7.15698 m = 3.22052 m
= 10.5662 ft
E/Da = 1 ;E = 3.22052401 m = 10.5662 ft
L/Da = 1/4 ; L = 1/4 x 2.3857 m = 0.80513 m
= 2.64155 ft
W/Da = 1/5 ; W = 1/5 x 2.3857 m = 0.6441 m
= 2.11324 ft
J/Dt = 1/12 ; J = 1/12 x 2.3857m = 0.26838 m
= 0.88052 ft
Kecepatan pengadukan, N = 1 putaran/ detik
Da = 3.22052401 m = 10.5662 ft
gc = 32.17 lbm.ft/lbf.det2
Bilangan Reynold
= 1872461.52
Karena Nre > 10000, maka daya tidak bergantung pada bilangan Reynolds
Dari tabel 9.2 (Mc.Cabe, 1994), untuk pengaduk jenis impeller, diperoleh
kT = 0.32
"kT x N3 x Da5 x
P = μ" /"gc" (Mc.Cabe, 1994)
"0.32 x (2/s)3 x (7.8271)5 x 0.0092"
P =
/"32.147"
= 96.49060209 ft.lbf/s
= 0.175427443 hp
Effisiensi motor penggerak = 80%
= 3.22181821 m3/jam
3.2218/0.2869
V =
V = 8.329323702 m/jam
Tekanan udara luar = 1 atm
= 101.325 kPa
Tekanan Hidrostatik = ρxgxh
= 121603.792 Pa = 121.604 kPa
Tekanan Operasi = 101.325 + 90.08 kPa
= 222.928792 kPa
Faktor kelonggaran = 5%
Tekanan Desain = (1.05) x (191.4052) kPa
= 234.075231 kPa
Joint efficiency = 0.8 (Brownell, 1959)
Allowable stress = 112039.883 (Brownell, 1959)
= 0.02527096 m
= 0.9949175 in
Faktor korosi = 1/8 in
Maka tebal jaket yang dibutuhkan = 0.6326 in + 1/8 in
= 1.12 in
Tebal jaket standar yang digunakan = 1.54 in
(Brownell, 1959)
drolisa pembentukan
ijanarko,dkk, 2006)
LC.2 DEKANTER I
Fungsi : Memisahkan furfural dengan asam sulfat hasil keluaran R-2
Bentuk : Horizontal Decanter
Volume Tangki
Bahan yang masuk ke dalam dekanter = 2846.58 kg/jam
Total massa bahan dalam tangki = 2811.54 x 24 kg
= 683179.2 kg
Densitas bahan dalam tangki = 1237.2 kg/m3
674769.576/1
Total Vol. bahan dalam tangki = 237.2
= 552.197866 m3
Volume tangki, Vt = (1 + 0.2) x 545.4006
= 662.637439 m3
Perbandingan tinggi tangki dengan diameter tangki (Hs : Dt) = 3:2
Volume silinder (Vs) = 1/4 π Dt2 Hs
Vs = 3/8 π Dt3
Tinggi head (Hh) = 1/6 x D (Brownell & Young, 1959)
Volume tutup (Vh) ellipsoidal = π/4 x D Hh
2
= π/4 x D2 (1/6 x D)
= π/24 x D3
Vt = Vs + Vh
Vt = (3/8 π Dt3) + (π/24 x D3)
Vt = 10π/24 x D3
∛((24
Diameter tangki (D) = Vt)/10π)
∛((24 x
= 654.4807)/10π)
= 7.938275 m
= 312.529887 in
Tinggi silinder (Hs) = 3/2 D
= 3/2 x 7.9383 m
= 11.9074125 m
= 468.79483 in
Tinggi tutup ellipsoidal (Hh) = 1/6 D
= 1/6 x 7.9383 m
= 1.32304583 m
= 52.0883145 m
Tinggi tangki (Ht) = Hs + Hh
= 13.2304583 m
= 520.883145 in
Tekanan Desain
Tinggi bahan dalam tangki
Volume tangki = 10π/24 x D3
= 10π/24 x (7.9383)3
= 654.4869 m3
Tinggi tangki = 13.2304583 m
(Vol.bahan dlm tangki x Ht)/(vol.
Tinggi bahan dalam tangki = tangki)
( 654.4807x
= 13.2305)/654.4869
= 13.3952216 m
Tekanan Hidrostatis = ρ.bahan x g x Tinggi bahan dlm tangki
= 1237.2 x 9.8 x 13.2303
= 162411.167 Pa
= 162.411167 kPa
= 23.5557909 psia
Tekanan operasi = 101.325 kPa
= 14.696 psia
Faktor keamanan untuk tekanan = 0.05
P desain = (1 + 0.05) x (23.2658 + 14.696)
= 40.1643805 psia
Tebal dinding tangki (bagian silinder)
Faktor korosi ( C ) (Chuse & Eber, 1954) = 0.0042 in/tahun
Allowable working stress (S) = 12650 lb/in2 (Brownell & Young, 1959)
Effisiensi sambungan ( E ) = 0.8
Umur alat (A) direncanakan = 10 tahun
(P x R)/(SE -
0.6P)
(P x R)/(SE -
Tebal silinder (d) (Peters & Timmerhaus, 2004) = 0.6P) + (C x A)
d = 0.66367 in
dipilih tebal silinder standar = 1/2 in
dh = 0.66243 in
dipilih tebal head standar = 1/2 in
LC.2 DEKANTER II
Fungsi : Memisahkan 2 campuran larutan hasil keluaran M-02
Bentuk : Horizontal Decanter
Volume Tangki
Bahan yang masuk ke dalam dekanter = 2903.51 kg/jam
Total massa bahan dalam tangki = 2673.9869 x 24kg
= 696842.4 kg
Densitas bahan dalam tangki = 988.5474 kg/m3
641756.8431/
Total Vol. bahan dalam tangki = 988.5474
= 704.91551543 m3
Volume tangki, Vt = (1 + 0.2) x 649.1917769
= 845.89861852 m3
Perbandingan tinggi tangki dengan diameter tangki (Hs : Dt) = 3:2
Volume silinder (Vs) = 1/4 π Dt2 Hs
Vs = 3/8 π Dt3
Tinggi head (Hh) = 1/6 x D (Brownell & Young, 1959)
Volume tutup (Vh) ellipsoidal = π/4 x D Hh
2
= π/4 x D2 (1/6 x D)
= π/24 x D3
Vt = Vs + Vh
Vt = (3/8 π Dt3) + (π/24 x D3)
Vt = 10π/24 x D3
∛((24
Diameter tangki (D) = Vt)/10π)
∛((24 x
= 779.0301)/10π)
= 8.41289 m
= 331.2154793 in
Tinggi silinder (Hs) = 3/2 D
= 3/2 x 8.41289 m
= 12.619335 m
= 496.82321895 in
Tinggi tutup ellipsoidal (Hh) = 1/6 D
= 1/6 x 8.41289 m
= 1.4021483333 m
= 55.202579883 in
Tinggi tangki (Ht) = Hs + Hh
= 14.021483333 m
= 552.02579883 in
Tekanan Desain
Tinggi bahan dalam tangki
Volume tangki = 10π/24 x D3
= 10π/24 x (8.41289)3
= 779.02974 m3
Tinggi tangki = 14.021483333 m
(Vol.bahan dlm tangki x Ht)/(vol.
Tinggi bahan dalam tangki = tangki)
( 649.1918x
= 14.0215)/779.0297
= 15.225032848 m
Tekanan Hidrostatis = ρ.bahan x g x Tinggi bahan dlm tangki
= 988.5474 x 9.8 x 14.0215
= 147496.53304 Pa
= 147.49653304 kPa
= 21.392602159 psia
Tekanan operasi = 101.325 kPa
= 14.696 psia
Faktor keamanan untuk tekanan = 0.05
P desain = (1 + 0.05) x (19.7015 + 14.696)
= 37.893032267 psia
Tebal dinding tangki (bagian silinder)
Faktor korosi ( C ) (Chuse & Eber, 1954) = 0.0042 in/tahun
Allowable working stress (S) = 12650 lb/in2 (Brownell & Young, 1959)
Effisiensi sambungan ( E ) = 0.8
Umur alat (A) direncanakan = 10 tahun
(P x R)/(SE -
0.6P)
(P x R)/(SE -
Tebal silinder (d) (Peters & Timmerhaus, 2004) = 0.6P) + (C x A)
d = 0.66349 in
dipilih tebal silinder standar = 1/2 in
dh = 0.66233 in
dipilih tebal head standar = 1/2 in
Ekstraktor
Jenis : Marine propeller tiga daun
Kec. Putaran (N) : 120 rpm = 2 rps
Efisiensi motor : 80%
Pengaduk didesain dengan standar sebagai berikut :
Da : Dt = 1 : 3 (McCabe,1994,hal 235)
W : Da = 1 : 5 (McCabe,1994,hal 235)
E : Da = 1 : 1 (McCabe,1994,hal 235)
Jadi :
Diameter impeller (Da) = 1/3 x Dt
= 1/3 x 0.934 m
= 0.3114 m
= 1.0215477 ft
Lebar daun impeller (W) = 1/5 x Da
= 1/5 x 0.3114 m
= 0.06228 m
= 0.2043095 ft
Tinggi pengaduk ( E ) = Da
= 0.3114 m
Viskositas = 9.2083 cP
= 0.0092083 kg/m.s
Daya u/ pengaduk = Bilangan Reynold
Nre = 46335.135
Karena Nre > 10000, maka daya tidak bergantung pada bilangan Reynolds.
Dari tabel 9.2 (Mc.Cabe, 1994), untuk pengaduk jenis impeller, diperoleh
kT = 0.32
P = "kT x N3 x Da5 x
ρ" /"μ"
= "0.32 x (2/s)3 x (1.0215)5 x
64.1882" /"32.147"
= 0.090501 hP
P/0.8
Daya motor (Pm) =
0.09050/0.8
0.09050/0.8
= = 0.1131 hP
Dipakai motor dengan daya 1/8 hP
= 0.656 in
Dari Appendiks A.5-1 Geankoplis, 1997, dipilih pipa commercial steel:
Ukuran nominal = 1.25 in
Schedule number = 40
Diameter Dalam (ID) = 0.269 in
= 0.0224 ft
= 0.0068 m
Diameter Luar (OD) = 0.405 in
= 0.0338 ft
Inside sectional area = 0.0004 ft2
"Q" /"A"
Kecepatan linear (v) =
("0.0"
v = 176)/("0.0"
004)
v = 14.413 ft/s
("ρ" x v x
Bilangan Reynold = D)/"μ"
("1000 x 43.937 x 0."
0224)/"1.488"
= 0.0068
maka harga f = 0.0737 (Geankoplis,1997)
Friction Loss v2
A2/A1 2
1 sharp edge entrance = hc = 0.5 (1 - )"v "
/(2α.gc)
"43.937"
= 0.5 (1 - 0) /2x1x32.174
x
= 1.6141 ft.lbf/lbm
4f . Δ"L.v
2
Pipa lurus 40 ft = Ff =
"
= /(D.2.gc)
4 (0.0025) "20 x 43.937 "
/0.0224x2x32.174
= 28.823 ft.lbf/lbm
A2/A12
1 sharp edge exit = hex = (1- ) "v2 "
/(2α.gc)
= (1 - 0) x"43.937
"
/2x1x32.174
"43.937
"
= /2x1x32.174
3.2282 ft.lbf/lbm
Total friction loss = ΣF = 44.964 ft.lbf/lbm
dimana
V1 = V2
P1 = P2
ΔZ = 20 ft
0 +"32.174 ft/s
2
Ws = (20 ft) + 0 + 0.745 ft.lbf/lbm
" /"32.174 ft.lbm/lbf.s 2
Ws = "-20.745 lbf/lbm
Effisiensi pompa, ɳ = 75%
Ws = ɳ x Wp
20.745 = 0.75 x Wp
Wp = 27.66 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa P = m x Wp
"1794" /"(0.45359 "1 hp" /"550
= x 3600)" lbm/s x 27.66 ft.lbf/lbm x ft.lbf/lbm"
= 0.0678 hp
Maka dipilih pompa dengan daya motor = 1/8 hp
= 0.318 in
Dari Appendiks A.5-1 Geankoplis, 1997, dipilih pipa commercial steel:
Ukuran nominal = 1.25 in
Schedule number = 40
Diameter Dalam (ID) = 0.269 in
= 0.0224 ft
= 0.0068 m
Diameter Luar (OD) = 0.405 in
= 0.0338 ft
Inside sectional area = 0.0004 ft2
"Q" /"A"
Kecepatan linear (v) =
("0.0"
v = 008)/("0.0"
004)
v = 2.4175 ft/s
("ρ" x v x
Bilangan Reynold = D)/"μ"
("1000 x 1.9492 x 0."
0224)/"1.488"
= 0.0068
maka harga f = 2.6814 (Geankoplis,1997)
Friction Loss v2
A2/A1 2
1 sharp edge entrance = hc = 0.5 (1 - )"v "
/(2α.gc)
"1.9492"
= 0.5 (1 - 0) /2x1x32.174
x
= 0.0454 ft.lbf/lbm
4f . Δ"L.v
2
Pipa lurus 40 ft = Ff =
"
= /(D.2.gc)
4 (3.3256) "20 x 1.9492 "
/0.0224x2x32.174
= 0.8109 ft.lbf/lbm
A2/A12
1 sharp edge exit = hex = (1- ) "v2 "
/(2α.gc)
= (1 - 0) x"1.9492
"
/2x1x32.174
"1.9492
"
= /2x1x32.174
0.0908 ft.lbf/lbm
Total friction loss = ΣF = 1.2651 ft.lbf/lbm
dimana
V1 = V2
P1 = P2
ΔZ = 20 ft
0 +"32.174 ft/s
2
Ws = (20 ft) + 0 + 1.0079 ft.lbf/lbm
" /"32.174 ft.lbm/lbf.s 2
Ws = "
-20.0079 lbf/lbm
Daya pompa P = m x Wp
"146" /"(0.45359 x "1 hp" /"550
= 3600)" lbm/s x 26.677 ft.lbf/lbm xft.lbf/lbm"
= 0.0653 hp
Maka dipilih pompa dengan daya motor = 1/8 hp
= 1.1695 in
Dari Appendiks A.5-1 Geankoplis, 1997, dipilih pipa commercial steel:
Ukuran nominal = 1.25 in
Schedule number = 40
Diameter Dalam (ID) = 1.38 in
= 0.115 ft
= 0.0351 m
Diameter Luar (OD) = 1.66 in
= 0.1383 ft
Inside sectional area = 0.0104 ft2
"Q" /"A"
Kecepatan linear (v) =
"0.0205"
v = /("0.0" 104)
v = 1.9759 ft/s
("ρ" x v x
Bilangan Reynold = D)/"μ"
"1050.4 x 1.9759 x
0.115" /"9.2425"
"1050.4 x 1.9759 x
= 0.115" /"9.2425" = 25.82 Laminar
= 0.0013
maka harga f = 0.0025 (Geankoplis,1997)
Friction Loss v2
A2/A1 2
1 sharp edge entrance = hc = 0.5 (1 - )"v "
/(2α.gc)
= 0.5 (1 - 0) "1.97592
x
"
= /2x1x32.174
0.0303 ft.lbf/lbm
4f . Δ"L.v
2
Pipa lurus 40 ft = Ff =
"
= /(D.2.gc)
4 (0.0025) "75 x 1.97592 "
/0.1150x2x32.174
= 0.3957 ft.lbf/lbm
A2/A12
1 sharp edge exit = hex = (1- ) "v2 "
/(2α.gc)
= (1 - 0) x"1.97592
"
/2x1x32.174
"1.97592
"
= /2x1x32.174
0.0607 ft.lbf/lbm
Total friction loss = ΣF = 0.699 ft.lbf/lbm
dimana
V1 = V2
P1 = P2
ΔZ = 75 ft
0 +"32.174 ft/s
2
Ws = (50 ft) + 0 + 0.745 ft.lbf/lbm
" /"32.174 ft.lbm/lbf.s 2
Ws = "-75.745 lbf/lbm
Effisiensi pompa, ɳ = 75%
Ws = ɳ x Wp
75.745 = 0.75 x Wp
Wp = 100.99 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa P = m x Wp
"2200" /"(0.45359 "1 hp" /"550
= x 3600)" lbm/s x 100.9933 ft.lbf/lbm x
ft.lbf/lbm"
= 0.2474 hp
Maka dipilih pompa dengan daya motor = 1/4 hp
= 1.3131 in
Dari Appendiks A.5-1 Geankoplis, 1997, dipilih pipa commercial steel:
Ukuran nominal = 1.25 in
Schedule number = 40
Diameter Dalam (ID) = 1.38 in
= 0.115 ft
= 0.0351 m
Diameter Luar (OD) = 1.66 in
= 0.1383 ft
Inside sectional area = 0.0104 ft2
"Q" /"A"
Kecepatan linear (v) =
("0.02"
v = 63)/("0.0"
104)
v = 2.5561 ft/s
("ρ" x v x
Bilangan Reynold = D)/"μ"
"1498.5 x 2.5246 x
0.115" /"13.69"
"1498.5 x 2.5246 x
= 0.115" /"13.69" = 32.18 Laminar
= 0.0013
maka harga f = 0.4973 (Geankoplis,1997)
Friction Loss v2
A2/A1 2
1 sharp edge entrance = hc = 0.5 (1 - )"v "
/(2α.gc)
= 0.5 (1 - 0) "2.5246
x
"
= /2x1x32.174
0.0508 ft.lbf/lbm
4f . Δ"L.v
2
Pipa lurus 40 ft = Ff =
" ("75 x "
= /(D.2.gc)
4 (0.0025) 2.5246)/0.1150x2x3
2.174
= 0.6622 ft.lbf/lbm
A2/A12
1 sharp edge exit = hex = (1- ) "v2 "
/(2α.gc)
= (1 - 0) x"2.5246
"
/2x1x32.174
"2.5246
"
= /2x1x32.174
0.1015 ft.lbf/lbm
Total friction loss = ΣF = 1.1698 ft.lbf/lbm
dimana
V1 = V2
P1 = P2
ΔZ = 50 ft
0 +"32.174 ft/s
2
Ws = (50 ft) + 0 + 0.745 ft.lbf/lbm
" /"32.174 ft.lbm/lbf.s 2
Ws = "-75.745 lbf/lbm
Effisiensi pompa, ɳ = 75%
Ws = ɳ x Wp
75.745 = 0.75 x Wp
Wp = 100.99 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa P = m x Wp
"1498.5" /"(0.4535 "1 hp" /"550
= 9 x 3600)" lbm/s x 100.9933 ft.lbf/lbm x
ft.lbf/lbm"
= 0.2474 hp
Maka dipilih pompa dengan daya motor = 1/4 hp
= 1.3131 in
Dari Appendiks A.5-1 Geankoplis, 1997, dipilih pipa commercial steel:
Ukuran nominal = 1.25 in
Schedule number = 40
Diameter Dalam (ID) = 1.38 in
= 0.115 ft
= 0.0351 m
Diameter Luar (OD) = 1.66 in
= 0.1383 ft
Inside sectional area = 0.0104 ft2
"Q" /"A"
Kecepatan linear (v) =
("0.02"
v = 63)/("0.0"
104)
v = 2.5561 ft/s
("ρ" x v x
Bilangan Reynold = D)/"μ"
"1498.5 x 2.5246 x
0.115" /"13.69"
"1498.5 x 2.5246 x
= 0.115" /"13.69" = 32.18 Laminar
= 0.0013
maka harga f = 0.4973 (Geankoplis,1997)
Friction Loss v2
A2/A1 2
1 sharp edge entrance = hc = 0.5 (1 - )"v "
/(2α.gc)
= 0.5 (1 - 0) "2.5246
x
"
= /2x1x32.174
0.0508 ft.lbf/lbm
4f . Δ"L.v
2
Pipa lurus 40 ft = Ff =
" ("75 x "
= /(D.2.gc)
4 (0.0025) 2.5246)/0.1150x2x3
2.174
= 0.6622 ft.lbf/lbm
A2/A12
1 sharp edge exit = hex = (1- ) "v2 "
/(2α.gc)
= (1 - 0) x"2.5246
"
/2x1x32.174
"2.5246
"
= /2x1x32.174
0.1015 ft.lbf/lbm
Total friction loss = ΣF = 1.1698 ft.lbf/lbm
dimana
V1 = V2
P1 = P2
ΔZ = 50 ft
0 +"32.174 ft/s
2
Ws = (50 ft) + 0 + 0.745 ft.lbf/lbm
" /"32.174 ft.lbm/lbf.s 2
Ws = "-75.745 lbf/lbm
Effisiensi pompa, ɳ = 75%
Ws = ɳ x Wp
75.745 = 0.75 x Wp
Wp = 100.99 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa P = m x Wp
"1498.5" /"(0.4535 "1 hp" /"550
= 9 x 3600)" lbm/s x 100.9933 ft.lbf/lbm x
ft.lbf/lbm"
= 0.2474 hp
Maka dipilih pompa dengan daya motor = 1/4 hp
= 1.2461 in
Dari Appendiks A.5-1 Geankoplis, 1997, dipilih pipa commercial steel:
Ukuran nominal = 1.25 in
Schedule number = 40
Diameter Dalam (ID) = 1.38 in
= 0.115 ft
= 0.0351 m
Diameter Luar (OD) = 1.66 in
= 0.1383 ft
Inside sectional area = 0.0104 ft2
"Q" /"A"
Kecepatan linear (v) =
("0.02"
v = 23)/("0.0"
104)
v = 2.1702 ft/s
("ρ" x v x
Bilangan Reynold = D)/"μ"
"1237.2x 2..141 x 0.115" /"13.69"
= 0.0013
maka harga f = 0.7094 (Geankoplis,1997)
Friction Loss v2
A2/A1 2
1 sharp edge entrance = hc = 0.5 (1 - )"v "
/(2α.gc)
= 0.5 (1 - 0) "2.141
x "
/2x1x32.174
= 0.0366 ft.lbf/lbm
4f . Δ"L.v
2
Pipa lurus 40 ft = Ff =
" ("75 x "
= /(D.2.gc)
4 (0.7191) 2.141)/0.1150x2x32.
174
= 0.4773 ft.lbf/lbm
A2/A12
1 sharp edge exit = hex = (1- ) "v2 "
/(2α.gc)
= (1 - 0) x"2.141 "
/2x1x32.174
"2.141 "
/2x1x32.174
= 0.0732 ft.lbf/lbm
Total friction loss = ΣF = 0.8433 ft.lbf/lbm
dimana
V1 = V2
P1 = P2
ΔZ = 20 ft
0 +"32.174 ft/s
2
Ws = (20 ft) + 0 + 0.745 ft.lbf/lbm
" /"32.174 ft.lbm/lbf.s 2
Ws = "-45.745 lbf/lbm
Effisiensi pompa, ɳ = 75%
Ws = ɳ x Wp
45.745 = 0.75 x Wp
Wp = 60.993 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa P = m x Wp
"2812" /"(0.45359 "1 hp" /"550
= x 3600)" lbm/s x 60.993 ft.lbf/lbm xft.lbf/lbm"
= 0.1494 hp
Maka dipilih pompa dengan daya motor = 1/4 hp
= 1.1035 in
Dari Appendiks A.5-1 Geankoplis, 1997, dipilih pipa commercial steel:
Ukuran nominal = 1.25 in
Schedule number = 40
Diameter Dalam (ID) = 1.38 in
= 0.115 ft
= 0.0351 m
Diameter Luar (OD) = 1.66 in
= 0.1383 ft
Inside sectional area = 0.0104 ft2
"Q" /"A"
Kecepatan linear (v) =
("0.0"
v = 182)/("0.0"
104)
v = 1.7473 ft/s
("ρ" x v x
Bilangan Reynold = D)/"μ"
"1028.2x 1.7473x 0.115" /"13.69"
= 0.0013
maka harga f = 5.7983 (Geankoplis,1997)
Friction Loss
A2/A1 2
1 sharp edge entrance = hc = 0.5 (1 - )"v "
/(2α.gc)
= 0.5 (1 - 0) "1.7473
x
"
= /2x1x32.174
0.0237 ft.lbf/lbm
= 0.0949 ft.lbf/lbm
4f . Δ"L.v
2
Pipa lurus 40 ft = Ff =
" ("75 x "
= /(D.2.gc)
4 (1.0602) 1.7473)/0.1150x2x3
2.174
= 0.3094 ft.lbf/lbm
A2/A12
1 sharp edge exit = hex = (1- ) "v2 "
/(2α.gc)
= (1 - 0) x"1.7473
"
/2x1x32.174
"1.7473
"
= /2x1x32.174
0.0474 ft.lbf/lbm
Total friction loss = ΣF = 0.5466 ft.lbf/lbm
dimana
V1 = V2
P1 = P2
ΔZ = 20 ft
0 +"32.174 ft/s
2
Ws = (20 ft) + 0 + 0.582 ft.lbf/lbm
" /"32.174 ft.lbm/lbf.s 2
Ws = "-45.582 lbf/lbm
Effisiensi pompa, ɳ = 75%
Ws = ɳ x Wp
45.582 = 0.75 x Wp
Wp = 60.776 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa P = m x Wp
"1905" /"(0.45359 "1 hp" /"550
= x 3600)" lbm/s x 60.776 ft.lbf/lbm xft.lbf/lbm"
= 0.1289 hp
Maka dipilih pompa dengan daya motor = 1/4 hp
merhaus, 1991)
= 1.2573 in
Dari Appendiks A.5-1 Geankoplis, 1997, dipilih pipa commercial steel:
Ukuran nominal = 1.25 in
Schedule number = 40
Diameter Dalam (ID) = 1.38 in
= 0.115 ft
= 0.0351 m
Diameter Luar (OD) = 1.66 in
= 0.1383 ft
Inside sectional area = 0.0104 ft2
"Q" /"A"
Kecepatan linear (v) =
"0.0072"
v = /("0.0" 104)
v = 2.2136 ft/s
("ρ" x v x
Bilangan Reynold = D)/"μ"
"1237.2x 0.6906x 0.115" /"13.69"
= 0.0013
maka harga f = 0.6955 (Geankoplis,1997)
Friction Loss
A2/A1 2
1 sharp edge entrance = hc = 0.5 (1 - )"v "
/(2α.gc)
= 0.5 (1 - 0) "0.6906
x
"
= /2x1x32.174
0.0381 ft.lbf/lbm
4f . Δ"L.v
2
Pipa lurus 40 ft = Ff =
" ("50 x "
= /(D.2.gc)
4 (2.2294) 0.6906)/0.1150x2x3
2.174
= 0.3311 ft.lbf/lbm
A2/A12
1 sharp edge exit = hex = (1- ) "v2 "
/(2α.gc)
= (1 - 0) x"0.6906
"
/2x1x32.174
"0.6906
"
= /2x1x32.174
0.0761 ft.lbf/lbm
Total friction loss = ΣF = 0.7118 ft.lbf/lbm
dimana
V1 = V2
P1 = P2
ΔZ = 50 ft
0 +"32.174 ft/s
2
Ws = (50 ft) + 0 + 0.075 ft.lbf/lbm
" /"32.174 ft.lbm/lbf.s 2
Ws = "-51.075 lbf/lbm
Effisiensi pompa, ɳ = 75%
Ws = ɳ x Wp
51.075 = 0.75 x Wp
Wp = 68.1 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa P = m x Wp
"907" /"(0.45359 x "1 hp" /"550
= 3600)" lbm/s x 68.1 ft.lbf/lbm x ft.lbf/lbm"
= 0.2202 hp
Maka dipilih pompa dengan daya motor = 1/8 hp
= 0.2303 in
Dari Appendiks A.5-1 Geankoplis, 1997, dipilih pipa commercial steel:
Ukuran nominal = 1.25 in
Schedule number = 40
Diameter Dalam (ID) = 1.38 in
= 0.115 ft
= 0.0351 m
Diameter Luar (OD) = 1.66 in
= 0.1383 ft
Inside sectional area = 0.0104 ft2
"Q" /"A"
Kecepatan linear (v) =
"4E-05"
v = /("0.0" 104)
v = 0.0543 ft/s
("ρ" x v x
Bilangan Reynold = D)/"μ"
"988.55x 0.0042x
0.115" /"4.3152"
"988.55x 0.0042x
= 0.115" /"4.3152" = 1.431 Laminar
= 0.0013
maka harga f = 11.181 (Geankoplis,1997)
Friction Loss v2
A2/A1 2
1 sharp edge entrance = hc = 0.5 (1 - )"v "
/(2α.gc)
= 0.5 (1 - 0) "0.0042
x
"
= /2x1x32.174
2E-05 ft.lbf/lbm
= 9E-05 ft.lbf/lbm
4f . Δ"L.v
2
Pipa lurus 40 ft = Ff =
" ("50 x "
= /(D.2.gc)
4 (144.77) 1.7473)/0.1150x2x3
2.174
= 0.0002 ft.lbf/lbm
A2/A12
1 sharp edge exit = hex = (1- ) "v2 "
/(2α.gc)
= (1 - 0) x"0.0042
"
/2x1x32.174
"0.0042
"
= /2x1x32.174
5E-05 ft.lbf/lbm
Total friction loss = ΣF = 0.0004 ft.lbf/lbm
dimana
V1 = V2
P1 = P2
ΔZ = 75 ft
0 +"32.174 ft/s
2
Ws = (75 ft) + 0 + 0.582 ft.lbf/lbm
" /"32.174 ft.lbm/lbf.s 2
Ws = "
-76.3897 lbf/lbm
Daya pompa P = m x Wp
"4" /"(0.45359 x "1 hp" /"550
= 3600)" lbm/s x 101.85 ft.lbf/lbm xft.lbf/lbm"
= 0.0065 hp
Maka dipilih pompa dengan daya motor = 1/8 hp
= 1.2851 in
Dari Appendiks A.5-1 Geankoplis, 1997, dipilih pipa commercial steel:
Ukuran nominal = 1.25 in
Schedule number = 40
Diameter Dalam (ID) = 1.38 in
= 0.115 ft
= 0.0351 m
Diameter Luar (OD) = 1.66 in
= 0.1383 ft
Inside sectional area = 0.0104 ft2
"Q" /"A"
Kecepatan linear (v) =
("0.0"
v = 181)/("0.0"
104)
v = 2.3703 ft/s
("ρ" x v x
Bilangan Reynold = D)/"μ"
"1154.1x 1.7361x
0.115" /"9.9696"
"1154.1x 1.7361x
= 0.115" /"9.9696" = 31.55 Laminar
= 0.0013
maka harga f = 0.5071 (Geankoplis,1997)
Friction Loss
A2/A1 2
1 sharp edge entrance = hc = 0.5 (1 - )"v "
/(2α.gc)
= 0.5 (1 - 0) "1.7361
x
"
= /2x1x32.174
0.0437 ft.lbf/lbm
4f . Δ"L.v
2
Pipa lurus 40 ft = Ff =
" ("75 x "
= /(D.2.gc)
4 (0.6923) 1.7361)/0.1150x2x3
2.174
= 115.49 ft.lbf/lbm
A2/A12
1 sharp edge exit = hex = (1- ) "v2 "
/(2α.gc)
("1."
= (1 - 0) x7361)/2x1x3
2.174
("1."
7361)/2x1x3
2.174
= 0.0873 ft.lbf/lbm
Total friction loss = ΣF = 115.93 ft.lbf/lbm
dimana
V1 = V2
P1 = P2
ΔZ = 50 ft
0 +"32.174 ft/s
2
Ws = (50 ft) + 0 + 84.870 ft.lbf/lbm
" /"32.174 ft.lbm/lbf.s 2
Ws = "-95.87 lbf/lbm
Effisiensi pompa, ɳ = 75%
Ws = ɳ x Wp
95.87 = 0.75 x Wp
Wp = 127.83 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa P = m x Wp
"2127" /"(0.45359 "1 hp" /"550
= x 3600)" lbm/s x 127.83 ft.lbf/lbm xft.lbf/lbm"
= 0.4133 hp
Maka dipilih pompa dengan daya motor = 1/2 hp
merhaus, 1991)
= 0.8819 in
Dari Appendiks A.5-1 Geankoplis, 1997, dipilih pipa commercial steel:
Ukuran nominal = 1.25 in
Schedule number = 40
Diameter Dalam (ID) = 1.38 in
= 0.115 ft
= 0.0351 m
Diameter Luar (OD) = 1.66 in
= 0.1383 ft
Inside sectional area = 0.0104 ft2
"Q" /"A"
Kecepatan linear (v) =
("0.0"
v = 149)/("0.0"
104)
v = 1.0266 ft/s
("ρ" x v x
Bilangan Reynold = D)/"μ"
"1154.1x 1.4372x
0.115" /"9.9696"
"1154.1x 1.4372x
= 0.115" /"9.9696" = 13.67 Laminar
= 0.0013
maka harga f = 1.1707 (Geankoplis,1997)
Friction Loss
A2/A1 2
1 sharp edge entrance = hc = 0.5 (1 - )"v "
/(2α.gc)
= 0.5 (1 - 0) "1.4372
x
"
= /2x1x32.174
0.0082 ft.lbf/lbm
= 0.0328 ft.lbf/lbm
4f . Δ"L.v
2
Pipa lurus 40 ft = Ff =
" ("50 x "
= /(D.2.gc)
4 (0.8363) 1.4372)/0.1150x2x3
2.174
= 33.349 ft.lbf/lbm
A2/A12
1 sharp edge exit = hex = (1- ) "v2 "
/(2α.gc)
= (1 - 0) x"1.4372
"
/2x1x32.174
"1.4372
"
= /2x1x32.174
0.0164 ft.lbf/lbm
Total friction loss = ΣF = 33.431 ft.lbf/lbm
dimana
V1 = V2
P1 = P2
ΔZ = 50 ft
0 +"32.174 ft/s
2
Ws = (20 ft) + 0 + 46.870 ft.lbf/lbm
" /"32.174 ft.lbm/lbf.s 2
Ws = "-67.87 lbf/lbm
Effisiensi pompa, ɳ = 75%
Ws = ɳ x Wp
67.87 = 0.75 x Wp
Wp = 90.493 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa P = m x Wp
"1761" /"(0.45359 "1 hp" /"550
= x 3600)" lbm/s x 90.493 ft.lbf/lbm xft.lbf/lbm"
= 0.1267 hp
Maka dipilih pompa dengan daya motor = 1/8 hp
= 1.0464 in
Dari Appendiks A.5-1 Geankoplis, 1997, dipilih pipa commercial steel:
Ukuran nominal = 1.25 in
Schedule number = 40
Diameter Dalam (ID) = 1.38 in
= 0.115 ft
= 0.0351 m
Diameter Luar (OD) = 1.66 in
= 0.1383 ft
Inside sectional area = 0.0104 ft2
"Q" /"A"
Kecepatan linear (v) =
("0.0"
v = 054)/("0.0"
104)
v = 1.5704 ft/s
("ρ" x v x
Bilangan Reynold = D)/"μ"
"988.55x 0.5222x 0.115" /"13.69"
= 0.0013
maka harga f = 1.2269 (Geankoplis,1997)
Friction Loss
A2/A1 2
1 sharp edge entrance = hc = 0.5 (1 - )"v "
/(2α.gc)
("0."
= 0.5 (1 - 0) 5222)/2x1x3
x
2.174
= 0.0192 ft.lbf/lbm
4f . Δ"L.v
2
Pipa lurus 40 ft = Ff =
" ("100x "
= /(D.2.gc)
4 (3.6899) 0.5222)/0.1150x2x3
2.174
= 163.55 ft.lbf/lbm
A2/A12
1 sharp edge exit = hex = (1- ) "v2 "
/(2α.gc)
("0."
= (1 - 0) x5222)/2x1x3
2.174
("0."
5222)/2x1x3
2.174
= 0.0383 ft.lbf/lbm
Total friction loss = ΣF = 163.74 ft.lbf/lbm
dimana
V1 = V2
P1 = P2
ΔZ = 20 ft
0 +"32.174 ft/s
2
Ws = (20 ft) + 0 + 54.4 ft.lbf/lbm
" /"32.174 ft.lbm/lbf.s 2
Daya pompa P = m x Wp
"547" /"(0.45359 x "1 hp" /"550
= 3600)" lbm/s x 97.867 ft.lbf/lbm xft.lbf/lbm"
= 0.1794 hp
Maka dipilih pompa dengan daya motor = 1/8 hp
= 0.8819 in
Dari Appendiks A.5-1 Geankoplis, 1997, dipilih pipa commercial steel:
Ukuran nominal = 1.25 in
Schedule number = 40
Diameter Dalam (ID) = 1.38 in
= 0.115 ft
= 0.0351 m
Diameter Luar (OD) = 1.66 in
= 0.1383 ft
Inside sectional area = 0.0104 ft2
"Q" /"A"
Kecepatan linear (v) =
("0.0"
v = 031)/("0.0"
104)
v = 1.0266 ft/s
("ρ" x v x
Bilangan Reynold = D)/"μ"
"1154.1x 0.2989x
0.115" /"9.9696"
"1154.1x 0.2989x
= 0.115" /"9.9696" = 13.67 Laminar
= 0.0013
maka harga f = 1.1707 (Geankoplis,1997)
Friction Loss
A2/A1 2
1 sharp edge entrance = hc = 0.5 (1 - )"v "
/(2α.gc)
"0.2989"
= 0.5 (1 - 0) /2x1x32.174
x
= 0.0082 ft.lbf/lbm
= 0.0328 ft.lbf/lbm
4f . Δ"L.v
2
Pipa lurus 40 ft = Ff =
" ("75 x "
= /(D.2.gc)
4 (4.0209) 0.2989)/0.1150x2x3
2.174
= 50.024 ft.lbf/lbm
A2/A12
1 sharp edge exit = hex = (1- ) "v2 "
/(2α.gc)
"0.2989"
= (1 - 0) x/2x1x32.174
"0.2989"
/2x1x32.174
= 0.0164 ft.lbf/lbm
Total friction loss = ΣF = 50.106 ft.lbf/lbm
dimana
V1 = V2
P1 = P2
ΔZ = 75 ft
0 +"32.174 ft/s
2
Ws = (75 ft) + 0 + 14.57 ft.lbf/lbm
" /"32.174 ft.lbm/lbf.s 2
Ws = "-80.57 lbf/lbm
Effisiensi pompa, ɳ = 75%
Ws = ɳ x Wp
80.57 = 0.75 x Wp
Wp = 107.43 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa P = m x Wp
"366" /"(0.45359 x "1 hp" /"550
= 3600)" lbm/s x 107.43 ft.lbf/lbm xft.lbf/lbm"
= 0.1504 hp
Maka dipilih pompa dengan daya motor = 1/8 hp
= 1.8088 in
Dari Appendiks A.5-1 Geankoplis, 1997, dipilih pipa commercial steel:
Ukuran nominal = 1.25 in
Schedule number = 40
Diameter Dalam (ID) = 1.38 in
= 0.115 ft
= 0.0351 m
Diameter Luar (OD) = 1.66 in
= 0.1383 ft
Inside sectional area = 0.0104 ft2
"Q" /"A"
Kecepatan linear (v) =
"0.0247"
v = /("0.0" 104)
v = 4.9939 ft/s
("ρ" x v x
Bilangan Reynold = D)/"μ"
"1214.2x 2.3733x 0.115" /"13.69"
= 0.0013
maka harga f = 0.3141 (Geankoplis,1997)
Friction Loss
A2/A1 2
1 sharp edge entrance = hc = 0.5 (1 - )"v "
/(2α.gc)
("2.37"
= 0.5 (1 - 0) 33)/2x1x32.
x
174
= 0.1938 ft.lbf/lbm
= 0.7751 ft.lbf/lbm
4f . Δ"L.v
2
Pipa lurus 40 ft = Ff =
" ("75x "
= /(D.2.gc)
4 (0.661) 2.3733)/0.1150x2x3
2.174
= 317.58 ft.lbf/lbm
A2/A12
1 sharp edge exit = hex = (1- ) "v2 "
/(2α.gc)
"2.3733"
= (1 - 0) x/2x1x32.174
"2.3733"
/2x1x32.174
= 0.3876 ft.lbf/lbm
Total friction loss = ΣF = 319.52 ft.lbf/lbm
dimana
V1 = V2
P1 = P2
ΔZ = 20 ft
0 +"32.174 ft/s
2
Ws = (20 ft) + 0 + 151.4 ft.lbf/lbm
" /"32.174 ft.lbm/lbf.s 2
Ws = "-131.4 lbf/lbm
Effisiensi pompa, ɳ = 75%
Ws = ɳ x Wp
131.4 = 0.75 x Wp
Wp = 175.2 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa P = m x Wp
"3059" /"(0.45359 "1 hp" /"550
= x 3600)" lbm/s x 175.2 ft.lbf/lbm x ft.lbf/lbm"
= 1.2541 hp
Maka dipilih pompa dengan daya motor = 1/2 hp
merhaus, 1991)
Perhitungan
Luas penyaringan efektif dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan
W/(1 -W)
L.A (1-E) ρs = ρ (V + E.L.A) ( ) (Foust, 1979)
0.06 m
Bila direncanakan setiap plate mempunyai luas 1 m2, maka luas efektif penyaringan
W/(1 -W)
A = L.A (1-E) ρs = ρ (V + E.L.A) ( )
(ρ(W/(1
-W)))/((L(1-E).(ρs-ρ)(W/(1-
A = W)).E.L)
A = 6.8278 m2
Faktor keamanan = 10%
Maka luas plate = 1.1 x 6.8278
= 7.5106 m2
Jumlah plate yg dibutuhkan = 7.5106 m2/ 1 m2/ buah
= 7.5106 buah
Maka jumlah plate yg dibutuhkan = 8 buah
kg/jam
efektif penyaringan
= 0.73 m3
Faktor kelonggaran = 0.2
Vt = 0,2 x 0.73
= 0.88 m3
= 881 liter
Diameter tangki, Dt
Tinggi silinder : Diameter (Hs : D) = 1 : 1
Tinggi head : Diameter (Hh : D) = 1 : 4
Vt = Vsilinder
= 1/4 π Dt2 H dimana H = D, maka
∛((4 Vt)/π)
Dt =
= (4 x 0.81/ π)1/3
= 1.0105 m
= 39.783 in
r = 1/2 Dt
= 1/2 x 1.011 m
= 0.5053 m
= 19.892 in
= 0.135 m3
Tinggi silinder, Hs
Hs = Dt = 1.0105 m
Tinggi ellipsoidal head, Hh = 1/4 Dt
Hh = 1/4 x 1.0105 m
= 0.2526 m
Tinggi total tangki
Ht = Hs + Hh
= 1.0105 + 0.253
= 1.2631 m
Tinggi cairan (Hc)
Hc = (1-0.2)Hs
= 0.8 x 1.0105
= 0.8084 m
Tekanan desain (Pdesain)
Po = 14.696 psia
P hidrostatis = ρgHc
= 988.55 x 9.8 x 0.747
= 7831.59 N/m2
= 1.13584 psia
P operasi = Po + P
= 14.6960 + 1.1358 psia
= 15.8318 psia
P desain = (1 + fk) x P operasi
= (1+0.2) x 15.832 psia
= 18.9982 psia
Untuk bahan konstruksi Carbon steel,SA-283, Gr. C (Timmerhaus, 1991, hal 538)
S = 12650 psia
E = 0.8
C = 0.05 in/tahun
n = 10 tahun
A = 0.5 in
= 0.5374 in
Tebal ellipsoidal head,tc
(P x Di)/(2SE
Tebal head (dh) = -0.2P) + (C x A) (Timmerhaus, 1991, hal 537)
= 0.5373 in
Dari Brownell & Young (1959), dipilih tebal tangki 3/4 in. Tutup terbuat dari bahan yang sama
dan tebal yang sama dengan dinding tangki.
1. Beban Panas
Q = 247450311 kJ/jam = 234537611.784 Btu/jam
2. Menghitung ΔT
3. Menghitung Tc dan tc
Tc = 1/2 ( 392 + 392 ) = 392 o
F
tc = 1/2 ( 319.82 + 217.76 ) = 268.79 o
F
Dari Tabel 9 untuk 30.2 tubes, 2 passes, OD 3/4 in, 1 in triangular pitch diperoleh:
Jumlah Tube terdekat, Nt = 30 buah (Kern,1965 : 842)
ID Shell = 8 in = 0.667 ft
6. Mengkoreksi nilai UD
A = Nt x L x a"
= 5.889 ft2
UD = Q = 343894.074 ≈ 343894 (nilai UD mendekati UD asumsi)
(A.ΔT)
karena nilai UD mendekati dengan nilai UD asumsi, maka data untuk Shell :
Shell Side
ID = 8 in = 0.667 ft
Pt = 1 in = 0.083 ft triangular pitch
Massa Fraksi μ Cp Cp
Komponen μ campuran
(kg/jam) (x) lb/ft hr BTU/lb. Fo campuran
Toluene 1.140 0.001 0.482 0.000 -3.655 -0.004
Furfural 1175.800 0.999 0.676 0.676 0.136 0.136
TOTAL 1176.940 1.000 0.676 0.132
k
k campuran
(Btu/hr.ft.F)
0.064 0.00006
0.069 0.06933
TOTAL 0.06940
μ
Komponen A B C D μ (cP)
lb/ft hr
Toluene -7.4005 1180 0.0149 -1.37E-05 0.19945 0.48249
Furfural -5.9339 964 0.0119 -1.11E-05 0.27958 0.67633
Cp kmol/
Komponen A B C D kg/jam
(kJ/kmol K) jam
Toluene -31.662 1.3043 -3.61E-03 3.82E-06 -94.823 0.184 1.14
Furfural 124.621 0.6329 -1.73E-03 2.21E-06 97.528 6.858 1175.80
k k
Komponen A B C
(W/m K) (Btu/hr.ft.F)
Toluene 0.198 -6.26E-05 -3.74E-07 0.11147 0.06440
Furfural 0.1405 1.11E-05 -1.52E-07 0.12011 0.06940
TOTAL 0.23158 0.13380
e. Menghitung nilai hi
Pada: Tavg = 268.79 o
F
Cp = 0.1322 BTU/lb.oF
k = 0.0694 BTU/jam.ft.oF (Tabel 5 Kern hal 802)
Res = Gs De = 14153.09
μ
e. Menghitung nilai ho
Data fisis dan termal Steam
Pada : Tavg = 392 o
F
μ = 0.0225 lb/ft hr
Cp = 4.181 kj/kgoC = 0.998841 BTU/lb.oF
k = 0.0187 BTU/jam.ft.oF (Kern, Table 5,802)
∛(((Cp.μ )/k) ) = 1.713
f. Tube-wall temperature
tw = tc + ho/Φs x (Tc - tc)
hio/Φt + ho/Φs
tw = 300.380 o
F
pada tw = 300.380 o
F = 422.10021 K
Tube side
Massa Fraksi μw
Komponen μ camp
(kg/jam) (x) lb/ft hr
benzena 1.140 0.001 0.421 0.000
cumene 1175.800 0.999 0.601 0.600
TOTAL 1176.940 1.000 0.601
8. Dirt Factor, Rd
Rd = UC - U D (Kern, 1965)
UC x UD
= 4.66575 - ###
4.66575 x ###
Rd = -0.21432476
≈ 0.000
PRESSURE DROP
Tube Side
Untuk Ret = 1960.84
Dari Fig.26, diperoleh faktor friksi, f = 0.00017 (Kern, 1965)
Dari Fig.6, diperoleh s = 0.8698 (spesific gravity water)
1) ∆ Pt = f Gt L n
2
(Kern, 1965)
5.22 x 1010 x De s φt
∆ Pt = 0.0001 psi
2) Dari Fig.27 untuk Gt = 25660.83885 lb/jam.ft2 diperoleh:
V2/2g' = 0 (Kern, 1965)
∆ Pr = (4n/s) (V2/2g')
= 0.101 psi
3) ∆ Ptotal = ∆ Pt + ∆ Pr (Kern, 1965)
= 0.0001 + 0.1012
= 0.1013 psi
Shell Side
Untuk Res = 14153.09
Dari Fig.29, diperoleh faktor friksi, f = 0.001 (Kern, 1965)
Dari Fig.6, diperoleh s = 0.8698 (spesific gravity water)
Number of cross, (N + 1)
1) N + 1 = 12 L/B (Kern, 1965)
= 90
2) Ds = ID/12 (Kern, 1965)
= 8 in / 12
= 0.66667 ft
3) s = 0.8698
∆ Ps = f Gs2 Ds (N + 1)
5,22 x 1010 x De s φs
∆ Ps = 0.003 psi
Spesifikasi Keterangan
Nama : Reboiler Kolom Distilasi
Fungsi : Menguapkan produk bawah kolom distilasi benzena
Bentuk : 1-2 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Kapasitas : 234537611.784 BTU/jam
Kondisi operasi : - Fluida Panas (Steam)
W = 281.406 kg/jam
T1 = 392 o
F
T2 = 392 o
F
Laju alir = 12663.275 lb/ft2.jam
Res = 14153.092
ho = 6.248 BTU/jam.ft2.oF
,1965 : 842)
l 10 Kern)
Kern hal 802)
15,hal 825)
11 Kolom Distilasi (D-01)
Fungsi : Memisahkan benzena dari crude product
Tipe kolom : Sieve Tray
Gambar :
Kondisi Operasi o
C K
Suhu umpan masuk pada bubble point 95.85 368.850
Suhu produk atas pada dew point 81.32 354.320
Suhu produk bawah pada bubble point 151.50 424.500
Tekanan operasi pada 1 atm
4. Penentuan Reflux Minimum
Penentuan refluks minimum dihitung menggunakan Persamaan Underwood.
Nilai θ (konstanta Underwood) dihitung menggunakan persamaan :
Untuk umpan cair jenuh, q = 1 sehingga nilai θ diperoleh dengan iterasi nilai =
Refluks minimum (perbandingan antara jumlah uap dan cairan minimum) dapat dihitung
menggunakan persamaan :
(Pers.11.60, Coulson)
Distilat αi.Xdi /
No Komponen αi-θ
kmol/jam Xdi Pio (bar) Ki αi (Rm+1)
1 propilen 0.008 0.002 35.77 35.77 350.70 0.002
2 propana 0.051 0.009 30.24 30.24 296.45 0.009
3 benzena 5.462 0.984 1.05 1.05 10.31 1.197
4 cumene 0.029 0.005 0.10 0.10 1.00 -0.006
Jumlah 5.550 1.000 1.202
Maka diperoleh Rm = 0.202
R Total = 1.2 x Rm = 0.242
( N )min =
log
[ ][ ]
x LK
x HK D
x HK
x LK B
dimana:
XLK = fraksi mol LK
log α avg XHK = fraksi mol HK
Keterangan:
K LK
α puncak =( )D
K HK
K LK
α puncak =( )B
K HK
α avg = √ ( K LK . K HK )
Data Aliran Bottom
Bottom
No Komponen
kmol/jam Xbi Pio (bar) Ki αi
Perhitungan αavg
No Komponen αavg
1 benzena 7.901
2 cumene 1.000
Jumlah 8.901
Nmin = 5.56561752
Nmin = 6 tahap
sehinggaR/(R+1) = 0.19
Rm/(Rm+1) = 0.17
Nm/N = 0.37
maka : N = 15.04 plate ≈ 15 plate
[ ] [( )( )( ) ]
2
Nr B x F . . HK x B . LK
log =0 , 206 log ( Coulson )
Ns D x F . LK x D . HK
] [( )( )( ) ]
2 0,206
[ Nr B x F . . HK x B . LK
=
Ns D x F . LK x D . HK
sehingga :
L=RxD = 104.526 kg/jam
V= L+D = 536.631 kg/jam
L '= L+ (q x F) = 1231.075 kg/jam
V' = L' - B = 536.631 kg/jam
Bottom
Kondisi operasi : P op = 1.000 atm
T op = 424.50 K
R = 0.08205 L atm/mol K
F LV =
L ρV
√ , . .. . . .. . . . pers . 11 . 82 ( Coulson )
b. LajuVAlirρ LSuperficial batas Flooding (FLV)
K1 Top = 0.11
K1 Bottom = 0.10
√
ρ L− - velocity
d. Flooding vapor ρV (Uf)
Uf = K , .. . . .. . . .. . pers . 11 . 81 (Coulson )
ρV
Rancangan untuk flooding pada kondisi normal 70-90% dan dipilih desain persen flooding (F*)
e. V pada laju alir maksimum = 85% = 0.85
V
QAlir
f. Laju V= Volumetrik Uap Maksimum (Qv)
ρV
Top : Qv = 0.103 m3/s
Bottom : Qv = 0.124 m3/s
g. NetAn
area=
Qv
yang dibutuhkan (An)
Un
Top : An = 0.08729609 m2
Bottom : An = 0.10500961 m2
Trial downcomer area (Ad) adalah 12% total area = 12% Ac, sehingga:
h. Column Area (Ac)
An
Ac =
0,88
Top : Ac = 0.099 m2
Bottom : Ac = 0.119 m2
Keterangan Tabulasi daerah menara:
i. Column
√Ac x 4
Dc= Diameter (Dc)
π
Berdasarkan keterangan pada Coulson, hal 568
a. Downcomer area (Ad)= 0.12 x Ac
b. Net area (An) = Ac - Ad
c. Active area (Aa) = Ac - (2 x Ad)
d. Hole active area (Ah) = 0.1 x Aa
maka:
Top : Dc = 0.355 m
Bottom : Dc = 0.390 m
Untuk selisih diameter < 1 ft, diameter kolom yang digunakan adalah diameter yang memiliki
j. D nilai yang lebih besar, sehingga
Diameter kolom = diameter kolom Top = 0.355 m ≈ 0.2 m
Dengan menggunakan Gambar 11.28 pada liquid flowrate 0,00040 m3/s dan diameter 0.2 m
maka pola aliran cairan adalah single pass
Ad/Ac x 100% = 12 %
Dari gambar diperoleh harga lw/Dc = 0.76
maka, lw = 0.76 x Dc = 0.152 m
Weir height (hw) yang direkomendasikan untuk kolom dengan tekanan atmosferik adalah
40 - 50 mm, maka dipilih hw = 50 mm (Coulson, hal 571)
Hole diameter (dh) = 5 mm (Coulson, hal 573)
Plate thickness = 5 mm (untuk carbon steel)
Check Weeping
Asumsi :Turn down ratio = 70% = 0.7
d. L max = Lw max = 104.5258 kg/jam = 0.029 kg/s
3600
L min = Lw min = 0.7 x Lw max = 0.020 kg/s
V max = 536.63074 kg/jam = 0.149 kg/s
3600
V min = 0.7 x Vmax = 0.104 kg/s
[ ]
2 /3
Lw
e. how =750 ,. ..... ..... ... .. pers. 11. 85 Coulson dimana: lw = weir length, m
ρL. I w
how = weir crest, mm
Lw = liquid flow rate, kg/s
f. Pers.11.84 Coulson)
Laju alir uap minimum aktual (Uh aktual)min = laju alir uap minimum
dimana, Qv = Qv uap min di bottom atau top
Uh aktual = 9.55948564 m/s
Syarat : Uh aktual > Uh min (DITERIMA)
[ ]
2
g. uh ρV
hd =51 x , ..... .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. pers. 11 .88 Coulson
Co ρL
sehingga Pers.11.88 (pressure drop melalui dry plate, aliran melalui orifice) menjadi
hd = 121.35 mm liquid
j.
hap : height of the bottom edge of the apron above the plate
hap = hw - (10 mm) = 40 mm
Aap : area under apron
Aap = 0.0061 m2
Karena Aap < Ad, maka Am = Aap = 0.0122 m2
sehingga :
hdc = 3.87599388E-10 mm
b.
tr = 27.150 detik
Syarat: tr > 3 detik (DITERIMA)
Check Entrainment
Uv = Qv uap max / An = 1.416 m/s
c. % flooding = Uv/Uf x 100% = 102.25 %
FLV = 0.0154
Tinggi kolom ditambah 2 meter di bawah untuk menampung cairan dan 1.5 meter di atas untuk
15. mencegah entrainment (Douglas)
Diketahui : N aktual = 15
Jadi tinggi menara = 19.542 = 19 m = 62.339 ft
H= (4 x 67.405)/((H2) x 3,14)
H= 4.74 m = 186.61 in = 15.5512 ft
maka, D= 1 x H = 4.74003 m = 186.61479 in = 15.551 ft
Efficiency, E = 0.75
Dari tabel 13.2 untuk jenis sambungan las (single-welded butt joint without backing
strip, no radiographed, B & Y hal 254)
Allowable stress, f = 12650 psia (Tabel 13.1, B&Y, hal 251)
Corrosion allowance, c = 0.125 in 20
Panjang Shell
rc = 90.0009 in
i = 0.24049 in ≈ 1.125 in (Tebal Head Standar)
Tinggi Head
Dari Tabel 5.6 B & Y hal 88, untuk nilai i = 1.125 in
sf = 3.8 in
icr = 11.00 in (Dari Tabel 5.7 B & Y hal 89)
r = 170 in
BC = r - icr
= 159.00 in
b = r- (BC^2-AB^2)^0,5
= 32.01 inch
Spesifikasi Keterangan
Nama : Tangki Penyimpanan H2SO4 (T-01)
Fungsi : Menyimpan bahan baku H2SO4 selama 1 bulan
Kapasitas : 2952.235 ft³
Bentuk : Silinder vertikal dengan conical roof dan flat bottom
Kondisi operasi : Tekanan = 1 atm
Temperature = 30 oC
Kondisi design : Tekanan = 1.9 atm
Temperature = 33 oC
Diameter tangki : 180 in = 15.00 ft
Tinggi tangki total : 217 in = 18.07 ft
Tinggi tutup atas : 36.889 in = 3.07 ft
Tebal tangki : Course 1 = 0.610 in = 0.051 ft
Course 2 = 0.610 in = 0.051 ft
Tebal head : 1.125 in = 0.094 ft
Bahan konstruksi : Carbon Steel SA 283 Grade C
1 Tangki Penyimpanan Produk Furfural
Fungsi : Menyimpan produk furfural 99.5% selama 1 bulan
Bentuk : Silinder vertikal dengan conical roof dan flat bottom
Konstruksi : Carbon steel SA 283 Grade C
Jumlah : 1
Kondisi operasi : Tekanan, P op = 1 atm
Temperatur, T op = 30 °C
Laju alir massa, Qm = 1257.59 kg/jam
Densitas, ρ = 1160 kg/m³ = 72.416 lbm/ft³
Lama penyimpanan = 30 hari = 720 jam
Faktor keamanan = 20 %
H= (4 x 266.043)/((H2) x 3,14)
H= 10.537 m = 414.83 in = 34.5695 ft
maka, D= 1 x H = 10.5368 m = 414.83343 in = 34.569 ft
Efficiency, E = 0.75
Dari tabel 13.2 untuk jenis sambungan las (single-welded butt joint without backing
strip, no radiographed, B & Y hal 254)
Allowable stress, f = 12650 psia (Tabel 13.1, B&Y, hal 251)
Corrosion allowance, c = 0.125 in 20
Panjang Shell
rc = 138 in
i = 0.68122 in ≈ 1.125 in (Tebal Head Standar)
Tinggi Head
Dari Tabel 5.6 B & Y hal 88, untuk nilai i = 1.125 in
sf = 3.4 in
icr = 14.44 in (Dari Tabel 5.7 B & Y hal 89)
r = 180 in
BC = r - icr
= 165.56 in
b = r- (BC^2-AB^2)^0,5
= 69.80 inch
Spesifikasi Keterangan
Nama : Tangki Penyimpanan Produk Furfural (T-02)
Fungsi : Menyimpan produk furfural selama 1 bulan
Kapasitas : 32429.028 ft³
Bentuk : Silinder vertikal dengan conical roof dan flat bottom
Kondisi operasi : Tekanan = 1 atm
Temperature = 70 oC
Kondisi design : Tekanan = 3.6 atm
Temperature = 77 oC
Diameter tangki : 276 in = 23.00 ft
Tinggi tangki total : 350 in = 29.19 ft
Tinggi tutup atas : 74.304 in = 6.19 ft
Tebal tangki : Course 1 = 0.188 in = 0.016 ft
Course 2 = 0.188 in = 0.016 ft
Course 3 = 0.188 in = 0.016 ft
Tebal head : 1.125 in = 0.094 ft
Bahan konstruksi : Carbon Steel SA 283 Grade C