APPENDIKS D
UTILITAS
proses produksi. Unit utilitas yang diperlukan pada pra rencana pabrik khitosan ini
meliputi :
supplay adalah 20 % excess dari jumlah kebutuhan steam. Steam yang disediakan
boiler
= 1,2 x 532,8253
= 639,39 kg/jam
APP D-2
=1409,6 lb/jam
Kapasitas boiler :
W= (Http://www.simetric.co.uk/si_c.html)
= 0,126 kBtu/lb x Ms
= 177,609 kBtu/jam
=177609,6 Btu/jam
W=
Dari Appendik A 2-9 Geankoplis, hal. 858 – 859 diperoleh : H212oF = 180.16
Btu/lbm
Dari Tabel C-3 hal 629 Van Ness diperoleh H302oF = 75 Btu/lbm
Faktor Epavorasi =
= 1,0253
= 1,0253 x 1402,3384
= 1445,2627 lb/jam
APP D-3
= 655,5567 kg/jam
boiler (Mf) :
Mf =
Mf =
= 92,2591 lb/jam
= 41,8478 kg/jam
= 10 x 42
= 420 ft2
Sehingga
Nt =
APP D-4
Spesifikasi boiler :
Effisiensi : 80 %
Panjang tube : 20 ft
Kebutuhan air pada pra rencana pabrik Khitosan antara lain untuk keperluan
sebagai berikut :
- Keperluan karyawan
Menurut standar WHO kebutuhan air untuk tiap orang = 120 L/hari
= 16800 L/hari
m=vxρ
= 16800 x 995.568 x
= 16725,5424 kg/hari
Jadi total kebutuhan air = Keperluan air proses + Keperluan Air Pendingin +
21743,2051 kg/hari
= 577185.891 kg/hari
= 57718,5891 kg/hari
= 519467,302 kg/hari
Make up water yang disupplay = total kebutuhan air - Air yang disirkulasi
= 57718,5891 kg/hari
= 779200,9523 kg/hari
= 32466,70635 kg/jam
= 16233,3532 kg/jam
= 35788,05 / 3600
= 9,9411 lb/det
ρ = 62,5 lbm/ft3
APP D-7
Rate Volumetrik :
V =
= 572,6088 ft3/jam
Fig. 14-2 Timmerhaus hal 498 diperoleh di optimum = 1,9375 in Dari tabel 11
Diameter luar = 24 in
Pengecekan aliran :
V =
= 0,0045
NRe =
APP D-8
= 952,1367
Perpipaan :
Pipa lurus :
Lpipa = 100 ft
= 3 x 35 x 1,9375
= 203,4354331 ft
Lgate valve = 9 x ID
= 2 x 9 x 1,9375
= 17,43732283 ft
= 300 x 1,9375
= 581,2441 ft
= 902.1169 ft
= 0,0004
f = 0,07
89)
= 0,0000041
Kf =
=3x
= 0,000023 ft.lbf/lbm
∑ friksi loss = Ff + Kf
= 0,0000041 + 0,000023
APP D-10
= 0,000027 ft.lbf/lbm
Direncanakan:
∆Z = 20 ft ∆v = 0,0045 ft/det
∆P =0
-Ws =
- Ws =
= 20,000 ft.lbf/lbm
WHP =
= 0.3615 ≈ 1 Hp
BHP =
= 1,43 ≈ 2 Hp
= 1,6611 ≈ 2 Hp
Spesifikasi Peralatan :
A = 35,4163ft2
Jumlah: 2 buah.
skimer
= 16233,35 kg/jam
= 194,581m3
Volume bak =
= 243,2260 m3
Panjang = 2 x L
Tinggi = 7 m
243,2260 = 2 L × L × 7
L2 = 17,373 m2
L = 4,1681 m2
Maka
P=2xL
= 2 x 4,1681 m
= 8,336255 m
Spesifikasi Peralatan :
Jumlah : 2 buah
= 16233,3532 kg/jam
= 9,9411 lb/detik
ρ = 62,5 lbm/ft3
Rate Volumetrik :
= 572,6088 ft3/jam
Diameter luar = 24 in
Pengecekan aliran :
V =
APP D-14
= 0,0045
NRe =
= 952,1367
Perpipaan :
Pipa lurus :
Lpipa = 100 ft
= 3 x 35 x 1,9375
= 203,4354331 ft
Lgate valve = 9 x ID
= 2 x 9 x 1,9375
= 17,43732 ft
= 300 x 1.9375
= 581.2441 ft
= 902.11685 ft
= 0,0004
f = 0,07
89)
= 0,0000041 ft.lbf/lbm
hf =
=3x
APP D-16
= 0,000023 ft.lbf/lbm
∑ friksi loss = Ff + hf
= 0,0000041 + 0,000023
= 0,0000268 ft.lbf/lbm
Direncanakan:
∆Z = 20 ft ∆v = 0,0045 ft/det
∆P =0
-Ws =
- Ws =
= 20,0000 ft.lbf/lbm
WHP =
= 0,3615 ≈ 1 Hp
BHP =
= 1,43 ≈ 2 Hp
= 1,6611 ≈ 2 Hp
Spesifikasi Peralatan :
A = 35,4163ft2
Jumlah: 2 buah.
= 16233,35 kg/jam
= 194,581m3
APP D-18
Volume bak =
= 243,2260 m3
Panjang = 2 x L
Tinggi = 7 m
243,2260 = 2 L × L × 7
L2 = 17,373 m2
L = 4,1681 m2
Maka
P=2xL
= 2 x 4,1681 m
= 8,336255 m
Spesifikasi Peralatan :
Jumlah : 2 buah
= 16233,3532 kg/jam
= 9,9411 lb/detik
ρ = 62,5 lbm/ft3
Rate Volumetrik :
= 572,6088 ft3/jam
Diameter luar = 24 in
APP D-20
Pengecekan aliran :
V =
= 0,0045
NRe =
= 952,1367
Perpipaan :
Pipa lurus :
Lpipa = 100 ft
= 3 x 35 x 1,9375
= 203,4354331 ft
Lgate valve = 9 x ID
APP D-21
= 2 x 9 x 1,9375
= 17,43732283 ft
= 300 x 1,9375
= 581,2441 ft
= 902,1169 ft
= 0,0004
f = 0,07
89)
= 0,0000041
Kf =
=3x
= 0,000023 ft.lbf/lbm
∑ friksi loss = Ff + Kf
= 0,0000041 + 0,000023
= 0,000027 ft.lbf/lbm
Direncanakan:
∆Z = 20 ft ∆v = 0,0045 ft/det
∆P =0
-Ws =
- Ws =
= 20,0000 ft.lbf/lbm
WHP =
= 0,3615 ≈ 1 Hp
BHP =
= 1,43 ≈ 2 Hp
= 1,6611 ≈ 2 Hp
Spesifikasi Peralatan :
A = 35,4163ft2
Jumlah: 2 buah.
= 16233,3532 kg/jam
=
APP D-24
= 64,8603 m3
Volume tangki =
= 81,0753 m3
Kebutuhan alum = 30% dari volume air total dengan konsentrasi 80 ppm atau
= 3,8916 kg/jam
Volume tangki =
Diasumsikan L = 1,5 D
sehingga didapatkan :
81,0753 =
D = 3,8648 m
= 1,5 x 3,8648
APP D-25
= 5,797137447
h=
= 3.3467
= 5,79714 + 3,3467
= 9,1438 m
Diameter = 3,8648 m
Tinggi = 9,1438 m
Perencanaan pengaduk :
Dt/Di = 3,0
W/Di = 0,2
Dimana :
Di = diameter impeller
APP D-26
Dt/Di = 3
Di =
Zi = Di x 0,9
= 1,2883 x 0,9
= 1,15943 m
L = 1/4 x Dt
= 1/4 x 3,8648
= 149647,3061 m
W = 0,17 x Di
= 0,17 x 1,2883
APP D-27
= 0,2190 m
V = π x Di x n
Nre=
Dimana :
V = motor penggerak
Φ=6
Sehingga :
n =
= 59,331≈ 60 rpm
Nre=
P =
= 2481,3206 lb.ft/mnt
APP D-28
Ditetapkan :
η motor = 80%
η pengaduk = 60%
Maka :
P = ≈ 0,5 Hp
Tinggi = 9,1438 m
Jumlah = 2 buah
Fungsi : Menyaring partikel-partikel yang masih ada dalam air dari tangki
clarifier.
Ketentuan :
- Berbentuk silinder dengan tutup atas dan bawah berbentuk standard dished
head.
= 16233,3532 kg/jam
= 8,1075 m3
Porositas =
Sehingga Vb = VP + Vair
= 1,62151 m3
0,4 =
Sehingga Vb = VP + Vair
APP D-30
= 2,43226 + 8,1075
= 10,5398 m3
Vbejana =
L/D = 1,5
Vb = (π/4) x d2 x L
= 198/39,37
= 5,0292
Spesifikasi Peralatan :
Tinggi = 198 m
Diameter = 3,35 m
Jumlah = 2 buah
= 16277,03
Volume bak =
Panjang = 2 x L
Tinggi = 7 m
243,8805 = 2 L × L × 7
L2 = 17,420 m2
L = 4,1737 m2
Maka
P=2xL
= 2 x 4,1737 m
P = 8,34746 m
Spesifikasi Peralatan :
Jumlah : 2 buah
= 15780,3697 kg/jam
ρ = 62,5 lbm/ft3
Rate Volumetrik :
V =
= 69,40 gpm
Diameter luar = 24 in
Pengecekan aliran :
V =
NRe =
Perpipaan :
Pipa lurus :
Lpipa = 50 ft
= 3 x 35 x 1,9375
= 203,43543 ft
Lgate valve = 9 x ID
= 2 x 9 x 1,9375
= 17,43732 ft
= 300 x 1,9375
= 581,24409 ft
= 869,5542 ft
= 0,0004
f = 0,007
89)
=
APP D-35
= 0,000003722 ft.lbf/lbm
hf =
=3x
= 0,000021 ft.lbf/lbm
∑ friksi loss = Ff + hf
= 0,000003722 + 0,000021
= 0,000025 ft.lbf/lbm
Direncanakan:
∆Z = 20 ft ∆v = 0,0044 ft/det
∆P =0
-Ws =
- Ws =
= 20,0000 ft.lbf/lbm
WHP =
APP D-36
= 0,351≈ 1 Hp
BHP =
= 1,4 ≈ 2 Hp
= 1,6611≈ 2 Hp
Spesifikasi Peralatan :
A = 35,4163ft2
Jumlah: 2 buah.
Resin yang digunakan adalah Hidrogen Exchanger (H2Z). Untuk tiap m3 H2Z
= 2083,569 gal/jam
= 13,8805 x 9,8424
A = 1/4 x π x D2
13,8805 = 1/4 x π x D2
D = 4,2050 ft = 1,2817 m
Direncanakan :
H = tinggi x diameter
= 3 x 4,2050
= 12,6151 ft = 3,845115 m
= 13,8805 x 12,6151
= 2083,57 x 10
= 20835,6900 grain/jam
= 4,9639 x 7500
= 37189,1679 gram
= 573918,1148 grain
Umur resin =
Setelah umur resin 27.5746 jam maka resin harus segera diregenerasi dengan
Spesifikasi peralatan :
Jumlah : 2 buah
= 2083,569 gal/jam
APP D-39
= 13,8805 x 9,8424
A = 1/4 x π x D2
13.8805 = 1/4 x π x D2
D = 4,2050 ft = 1,2817 m
Direncanakan :
H = tinggi x diameter
= 3 x 4,2050
= 12,6151 ft = 3,845115 m
= 13,8805 x 12,6151
= 2083,57 x 10
= 20835,6900 grain/jam
APP D-40
= 4,9639 x 7500
= 37189,1679 gram
= 573918,1148 grain
Umur resin =
Setelah umur resin 27,5746 jam maka resin harus segera diregenerasi dengan
Spesifikasi peralatan :
Jumlah : 2 buah
= 556,63045 ft3/jam
= 15,7626 m3/jam
= 126,101 m3
Volume bak =
= 157,6259 m3
Panjang = 2 x L
Tinggi = 7 m
157,6259 = 2 L × L × 7
L2 = 11,259 m2
L = 3,3554 m2
Maka
P=2xL
= 2 x 3,3554 m
= 6,710885 m
Spesifikasi Peralatan :
Jumlah : 2 buah
ρ = 62,5 lbm/ft3
Rate Volumetrik :
= 18,795 ft3/jam
Pengecekan aliran :
V =
APP D-43
= 0,038 ft/det
NRe =
= 1728,5214
Perpipaan :
Pipa lurus :
Lpipa = 60 ft
= 3 x 35 x 0,4206
= 44,16080 ft
Lgate valve = 9 x ID
= 2 x 9 x 0,4206
= 7,57042 ft
= 300 x 0,4206
= 126,17372 ft
= 237,9049 ft
= 0,0020
f = 0,0084
89)
= 0.00042 ft.lbf/lbm
hf =
=3x
APP D-45
= 0,0016 ft.lbf/lbm
∑ friksi loss = Ff + hf
= 0,00042 + 0,0016
= 0,002004 ft.lbf/lbm
Direncanakan:
∆Z = 20 ft ∆v = 0,0376 ft/det
∆P =0
-Ws =
- Ws =
= 20,0020 ft.lbf/lbm
WHP =
= 0,0119 ≈ 0,5 Hp
BHP =
= 2,5 Hp
APP D-46
= 3,0120 ≈ 4 Hp
Spesifikasi Peralatan :
A = 0,139 ft2
Jumlah: 1 buah.
rate volumetrik =
= 18,7947 ft3/jam
= 0,53223 m3/jam
= 0,5322 m3
= 0,5322 m3 / 0,8
APP D-47
= 0,6653 m3
Diasumsikan Ls = 1,5 Di
Di = 0,8263 m
= 1,2395 m
h = 0,196 Di
= 1,2395 + 0,3239
= 1,56345 m
Spesifikasi Peralatan :
Tinggi : 1,56345 m
Diameter : 0,8263 m
Jumlah : 1 buah
rate volumetrik =
APP D-48
= 18,7947 ft3/jam
= 0,53223 m3/jam
= 0,5322 m3
= 0,5322 m3 / 0,8
= 0,6653 m3
Diasumsikan Ls = 1,5 Di
Di = 0,8263 m
= 1,2395 m
h = 0,196 Di
h = 0,916 x 0,8263 m
h = 0,1620 m
= 1.2395 + 0,1620
= 1,4015 m
Spesifikasi Peralatan :
APP D-49
Tinggi : 1,4015 m
Diameter : 0,8263 m
Jumlah : 1 buah
Fungsi : untuk memompa air umpan boiler dari tangki air umpan boiler
menuju boiler.
ρ = 62,5 lbm/ft3
Rate Volumetrik :
= 18,795 ft3/jam
Pengecekan aliran :
V =
= 0,0376 ft/det
NRe =
= 1728,5214
Perpipaan :
Pipa lurus :
Lpipa = 60 ft
= 3 x 35 x 0,4206
= 44,16080 ft
APP D-51
Lgate valve = 9 x ID
= 2 x 9 x 0,4206
= 7,5704 ft
= 300 x 0.4206
= 126,17372 ft
= 237,90494 ft
= 0,0020
f = 0,0084
89)
= 0,0004 ft.lbf/lbm
hf =
=3x
= 0,0016 ft.lbf/lbm
∑ friksi loss = Ff + hf
= 0,0004+ 0,0016
= 0,0020 ft.lbf/lbm
Direncanakan:
∆Z = 20 ft ∆v = 0,0376 ft/det
∆P =0
-Ws =
APP D-53
- Ws =
= 20.0020 ft.lbf/lbm
WHP =
= 0,0119 ≈ 0,5 Hp
BHP =
= 2,5 Hp
= 3,0120 ≈ 4 Hp
Spesifikasi Peralatan :
A = 0,1390 ft2
Jumlah: 1 buah.
Fungsi : untuk mengalirkan air dari bak air bersih ke bak klorinasi.
ρ = 62,5 lbm/ft3
Rate Volumetrik :
= 31,96 ft3/jam
Pengecekan aliran :
V =
APP D-55
= 0,173 ft/det
NRe =
= 4840,8509
Perpipaan :
Pipa lurus :
Lpipa = 60 ft
= 3 x 35 x 0,2557
= 26,84473 ft
Lgate valve = 9 x ID
= 2 x 9 x 0,2557
= 2,30098 ft
= 300 x 0,2557
= 76,69922 ft
= 165,8449 ft
= 0,0033
f = 0,009
89)
= 0,0109 ft.lbf/lbm
hf =
=3x
APP D-57
= 0,0337 ft.lbf/lbm
∑ friksi loss = Ff + hf
= 0,0109 + 0,0337
= 0,04455 ft.lbf/lbm
Direncanakan:
∆Z = 20 ft ∆v = 0,1730 ft/det
∆P =0
-Ws =
- Ws =
= 20.0450 ft.lbf/lbm
WHP =
= 0,0202 ≈ 0,1 Hp
BHP =
= 0,6 Hp
= 0,6944 ≈ 1 Hp
Spesifikasi Peralatan :
A = 0,0513 ft2
Daya pompa : 1 Hp
Jumlah: 1 buah.
rate volumetrik =
= 31,9567 ft3/jam
= 0,9049 m3/jam
= 4,5247 m3
= 4,5247 m3 / 0,8
= 5,6559 m3
Diasumsikan Ls = 1,5 Di
Di = 1,687 m
= 2,5298 m
Spesifikasi Peralatan :
Type : silinder
Tinggi : 2,5298 m
Diameter : 1,6865 m
Jumlah : 1 buah
Fungsi : untuk mengalirkan air dari bak klorinasi ke bak air sanitasi.
ρ = 62,5 lbm/ft3
Rate Volumetrik :
= 31,96 ft3/jam
Pengecekan aliran :
V =
= 0,1730 ft/det
NRe =
APP D-61
= 4840,8509
Perpipaan :
Pipa lurus :
Lpipa = 30 ft
= 3 x 35 x 0,2557
= 26,84473 ft
Lgate valve = 9 x ID
= 2 x 9 x 0,2557
= 2,30098 ft
= 300 x 0,2557
= 76,69922 ft
= 135,8449 ft
= 0,0033
f = 0,009
89)
= 0,0089 ft.lbf/lbm
hf =
=3x
= 0,0337 ft.lbf/lbm
∑ friksi loss = Ff + hf
APP D-63
= 0,0089 + 0,0337
= 0,0426 ft.lbf/lbm
Direncanakan:
∆Z = 20 ft ∆v = 0,1730 ft/det
∆P =0
-Ws =
- Ws =
= 20,0431 ft.lbf/lbm
WHP =
= 0.0202 ≈ 0.1 Hp
BHP =
= 0,6 Hp
= 0,6944 ≈ 1 Hp
APP D-64
Spesifikasi Peralatan :
A = 0,0513 ft2
Daya pompa : 1 Hp
Jumlah: 1 buah.
rate volumetrik =
= 31,9567 ft3/jam
= 0,9049 m3/jam
= 2,7148 m3
= 2,7148 m3 / 0,8
= 3,3935 m3
Direncanakan bak berbentuk silinder (tutup atas dan dasar rata) dan
Diasumsikan Ls = 1,5 Di
Di = 1,42248 m
= 2,1337 m
Spesifikasi Peralatan :
Tipe : Silinder
Tinggi : 2,1337 m
Jumlah: 1 buah.
APP D-66
Total 9 25.5
b. Daerah pengolahan
= 25,5 + 17,5
= 43 Hp
= 32,0651 kW
Dimana :
L = Lumen outlet
A = Luas daerah
F = Foot candle
U = Koefisien utilitas
akan dipakai lampu mercury 250 watt dengan output lumen 10,000
Total = 557818,400
= 55,782 ≈ 56
lumen 2000.
= 320,921 ≈ 321
= 32,0651 + 26,8
APP D-70
= 58,9051 kW
- Boiler
Densitas = 55 lb/ft3
Rate volumetrik =
= ft3/jam
- Generator
1 kW = 81891,27 btu/hari
= 24976837,35 Btu/hari
Hv = 19000 Btu/lb
Effisiensi generator = 80 %
= 21530,37 L/hari
= 215303,7 L = 215,3037 m3
Volume tangki =
berbentuk datar.
Ditetapkan H = D
67.2824 = ¼ π. Di2. D
Di = 4,4090 m
APP D-72