Lampiran D Utilitas Cuy

LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
A. Kebutuhan Air dan Steam

1. Kebutuhan air pendingin
Alat Kebutuhan (kg/jam)
Reaktor (R-101) 912.118
Cooler (E-102) 955,576.830
Cooler (E-103) 72,427.820
Cooler (E-104) 4,843.550
Cooler (E-105) 3,813.280
Cooler (E-106) 12,111.980
Cooler (E-107) 1,199.350
Cooler (E-108) 50.380
Kondensor (CD-101) 22,218.860
Kondensor (CD-102) 19,921.410
Kondensor (CD-103) 147,861.670
TOTAL 1,240,937.248
Kehilangan air selama sirkulasi (12%)= 148,912.470 kg/jam

Air yang kembali ke bak = 1,092,024.778 kg/jam
Air make-up = 148,912.470 kg/jam
2. Kebutuhan Steam
Alat Kebutuhan (kg/jam)
heater (E-101) 97.200
Reboiler (E-110) 2,631.000
Reboiler (E-111) 1,906.720
Reboiler (E-112) 2,930.731
TOTAL 7,565.651
Kehilangan air selama sirkulasi (12%)= 907.878 kg/jam

Air yang kembali ke bak = 6,657.773 kg/jam
Air make-up = 907.878 kg/jam
Total air = 8,473.529 kg/jam
Blowdown 10% = 847.353 kg/jam

LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
Air umpan boiler = 9,320.882 kg/jam
3. Kebutuhan Air Sanitasi

Jumlah karyawan = 150 orang
1 orang = 80 kg/hari
Maka, kebutuhan air untuk karyawan = 12,000 kg/hari
Air lab, air pembersihan, APAR, dan tanaman adalah 30% dari kebutuhan karyawan
Jadi, = 3,600 kg/hari
Total kebutuhan air sanitasi = 15,600 kg/hari

Kehilangan air selama sirkulasi (12%) = 1,872.000 kg/jam
Air make-up = 1,872 kg/hari
4. Kebutuhan Keseluruhan Air

Air pendingin = 1,240,937.248 kg/jam
Air umpan boiler = 7,565.651 kg/hari
TOTAL = 1,248,502.899 kg/hari
5. Kebutuhan Air Kontinyu

Make-up pendingin = 148,912.470 kg/jam 149,820.348
Make-up steam = 907.878 kg/jam
Sanitasi = 1,872.000 kg/jam
TOTAL = 151,692.348 kg/jam
Kebutuhan air total = 151,692.348 kg/jam

= 3,640,616.349 kg/hari
= 1,201,403,395 kg/tahun
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
B. Boiler
Boiler dirancang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan = 151,692.348 kg/jam

steam sebesar = 334,424.439 lb/jam
kondisi operasi :
T = 230 o
C = 503 K
P = 1519.88 kPa = 15 atm
= 40 barg
Dari Geankoplis Appendix A.2-9 (steam table) untuk steam

ΔH Sat Vap (Hv) = 2,803.300 kJ/kg
= 1,205.203 Btu/lbm
ΔH Sat Liq (Hf) = 966.780 kJ/kg
= 415.641 Btu/lbm
Panas Laten (λ) = ΔH Sat Vap - ΔH Sat Liq
= 1,836.520 kJ/kg
= 789.562 Btu/lbm
Maka untuk kebutuhan total steam yang terpakai adalah

Q = F
ρ
Q = 151,692.348 kg/jam
1,000 kg/m3
Q = 151.692 m3/jam
= 3,640.616 m3/hari
Asumsi selama steam mengalir dari boiler terjadi kehilangan panas sebesar 20%,
maka harus ditambahkan sebesar 20% kebutuhan steam
kebutuhan steam = ( 1 + 0,2 ) x kebutuhan steam
= 182,030.817 kg/jam
= 401,309.327 lbm/jam
a. Kebutuhan bahan bakar boiler
mf = ms x (Hv - Hf)
e x f
dimana :
mf : massa bahan bakar yang dibutuhkan
ms : massa steam yang dihasilkan
Hv : ΔH Saturation Vapor (entalpi steam)
Hf : ΔH Saturation Liquid (entalpi liquid)
e : efisiensi boiler = 80%
f : nilai kalorbahan bakar gas alam = 23,000.000 Btu/lbm
= 53,497.952 kJ/kg
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
mf = 182,030.817 x ( 2,803.300 - 966.780 )

80% x 53,497.952
= 7,811.122 kg/jam
= 17,220.580 lbm/jam
b. Menentukan daya Boiler
BHP = mf x (Hv - Hf)

cf x 34.5 lb/hr. hp
= 17,220.580 x ( 1,205.203 - 415.641 )
2290 x 34.5
= 172.099 Hp
c. Menentukan Heating Surface Area

Dipilih 1 Hp = 10 ft²
Maka, heating surface boiler :

A = 10 ft² x 172.099 Hp
= 1,720.995 ft²
= 159.886 m²
d. Menentukan kapasitas boiler

ms x (Hv - Hf)
Q =
1000
401,309.327 x ( 1,205.203 - 415.641 )
=
1000
= 316,858.67 Btu/lbm
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
C. Alat-alat Utilitas
1. Bak Air Penampungan (BA-101)

Fungsi : Menampung air tanah atau air sungai
Kondisi penyimpanan
Tekanan = 1 atm
Tipe = Persegi
Bahan = Beton
Waktu penyimpanan = 2 jam
Laju alir umpan = 151,692.348 kg/jam

Laju air pertangki = 151,692.348 kg/jam
Densitas air = 997.000 kg/m³
Volume = 152.149 m³/jam
Faktor kelonggaran = 0.2
Volume total = 91.289 m³
Volume tangki = p x l x t
= 2t x 2t x t
= 4t³
4t³ = 91.289 m³
t = 7.607 m³
Tinggi bak = 7.607 m

Panjang bak = 15.215 m
Lebar bak = 15.215 m
2. Bak Tangki Air Sanitasi (BA-103)

Fungsi : Menampung air untuk sanitasi
Bentuk : Silinder vertikal + ellipsoidal head
Bahan : Carbon steel
Kecepatan umpan tangki (Fv) = 1,872.000 kg/jam

Densitas umpan tangki (ρ) = 997 kg/m³
Waktu tinggal (θ) = 24 jam
Kapasitas tangki = Fv x θ
= 1,872.000 kg/jam x 24 jam
= 44,928.000 kg
Volume cairan (VL) = 45.063 m³
Faktor keamanan 20%

Volume tangki = 1.2 x 45.063 m³
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
= 54.076 m³
= 14,285.322 gallon
Digunakan 1 unit tangki sanitasi
Volume tiap tangki = 54.076 m³

1
= 54.076 m³
= 14,285.322 gallon
Dimensi Tangki
π . D² . H
Volume shell =
4
π . D³
Volume head =
12
Volume tangki = Volume shell + Volume head

π . D² . H π . D³
= +
4 12
Tinggi shell : Diameter (Hs : D = 3 : 2)

Tinggi head : Diameter (Hh : D = 4 : 1) (Walas, p. 671)
Volume tangki = π . D² . 3/2 D π . D³

+
4 12
Volume tangki = 3 . π . D³ π . D³
+
8 12
3 x 3.14 x D³ 3.14 x D³
54.076 m³/unit = +
8 12
54.076 m³/unit = 1.178 D³ + 0.262 D³
54.076 m³/unit = 1.439 D³
D³ = 37.574 m³
D = 3.349 m
D = 131.865 in
Hs = 5.024 m
Hh = 0.837 m H total = 5.861 m
3. Tangki air pendingin (BA-104)

Fungsi : Menampung air pendingin
Kecepatan umpan tangki (Fv) = 148,912.470 kg/jam

LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS

= 148,912.470 kg/jam x 12 jam
= 1,786,949.637 kg
Volume cairan (VL) = 1,790.531 m³
Faktor keamanan 20%

Volume tangki = 1.2 x 1,790.531 m³
= 2148.637 m³
= 567,609.803 gallon
Digunakan 3 unit tangki pendingin
Volume tiap tangki = 2,148.637 m³

3
= 716.212 m³
= 189,203.268 gallon
Dimensi Tangki
π . D² . H
Volume shell =
4
π . D³
Volume head =
12

π . D² . H π . D³
= +
4 12


+
4 12
+
8 12
3 x 3.14 x D³ 3.14 x D³
716.212 m³/unit = +
8 12
716.212 m³/unit = 1.178 D³ + 0.262 D³
716.212 m³/unit = 1.439 D³
D³ = 497.658 m³
D = 7.925 m
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
Hs = 11.887 m
Hh = 1.981 m
H total = 13.868 m
4. Tangki Air Umpan Boiler (TK-202)

Fungsi : Menampung air sebelum diumpankan ke boiler
Kecepatan umpan tangki (Fv) = 907.878 kg/jam

= 907.878 kg/jam x 12 jam
= 10,894.537 kg
Volume cairan (VL) = 10.916 m³
Faktor keamanan 20%

Volume tangki = 1.2 x 10.916 m³
= 13.100 m³
= 3,460.560 gallon
Digunakan 3 unit tangki pendingin
Volume tiap tangki = 13.100 m³

3
= 4.367 m³
= 1,153.520 gallon
Dimensi Tangki
π . D² . H
Volume shell =
4
π . D³
Volume head =
12

π . D² . H π . D³
= +
4 12

LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS

+
4 12
+
8 12
3 x 3.14 x D³ 3.14 x D³
4.367 m³/unit = +
8 12
4.367 m³/unit = 1.178 D³ + 0.262 D³
4.367 m³/unit = 1.439 D³
D³ = 3.034 m³
D = 1.448 m
Hs = 2.172 m
Hh = 0.362 m
H total = 2.533 m
5. Bak Air Penampung Produk Samping (TK-201)

Fungsi : Menampung air produk samping
Kondisi penyimpanan
Tekanan = 1 atm
Tipe = Persegi
Bahan = Beton
Waktu penyimpanan = 5 jam
Laju alir umpan = 9,958.278 kg/jam

Laju air pertangki = 9,958.278 kg/jam
Densitas air = 998.000 kg/m³
Volume = 9.978 m³/jam
Faktor kelonggaran = 0.2
Volume total = 59.869 m³
Volume tangki = p x l x t
= 2t x 2t x t
= 4t³
4t³ = 59.869 m³
t = 4.989 m³
Tinggi bak = 4.989 m

Panjang bak = 9.978 m
Lebar bak = 9.978 m
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
6. Bak Penyaring (BA-102)

Fungsi : Menyaring kotoran yang ikut terbawa
Bahan Konstruksi : Carbon Steel SA-285 Grade C
Bentuk : Silinder vertikal dengan alas datar dan tutup torispherical
Jenis Sambungan : Single welded butt joints

Jumlah : 1 unit
Kondisi Operasi
Tekanan : 1
Temperatur : 32 °C
Laju alir massa : 151,692.348 kg/jam
Densitas : 998 kg/mᶾ
Waktu penyimpanan : 2 jam
Faktor keamanan : 10%
Perhitungan
a. Volume Tangki
151,692.348 kg/jam x 2 jam

Volume cairan =
998 kg/mᶾ
= 303.993 mᶾ
Faktor keamanan 20%, maka :

Volume tangki = 1.2 x Volume cairan
= 364.791 mᶾ
Terdapat 1 unit tangki

364.791 mᶾ
Volume tiap tangki =
1 unit
= 364.791 m³/unit
b. Dimensi Tangki
π . D² . H
Volume shell =
4
π . D³
Volume head =
12

LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
π . D² . H π . D³
= +
4 12


+
4 12
+
8 12
3 x 3.14 x D³ 3.14 x D³
364.791 m³/unit = +
8 12
364.791 m³/unit = 1.178 D³ + 0.262 D³
364.791 m³/unit = 1.439 D³
D³ = 253.474 m³
D = 6.329 m
D = 249.159 in
R = 124.579 in
3D
Tinggi shell =
2
= 3 x 6.329 m
2
= 9.493 m
= 373.738 in
1D
Tinggi head =
4
1 x 6.329 m
=
4
= 1.582 m
= 62.290 in
Tinggi tangki = Tinggi shell + Tinggi head

= 9.493 m + 1.582 m
= 11.075 m
c. Tebal Shell Tangki

Bahan konstruksi shell : Carbon Steel SA-266 Grade C
Allowable stress (S) : 13,710.185 psi (Brownell, 1959)
Efisiensi pengelasan (E) : 0.8 (Brownell, 1959)
Faktor Korosi (C) : 0.125 in
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
P perancangan = P operasi
= 1 atm
= 14.696 psi
P hidrostatik = ρ x g x H
= 998.000 kg/mᶾ x 9.8 m/s² x 11.075 m
= 108,319.279 Pa
= 15.706 Psi
P desain = P perancangan + P hidrostatik

= 14.696 psi + 15.706 psi
= 30.402 psi
Faktor keamanan 10%, maka :

P desain = 1.1 x 30.402 psi
= 33.443 psi
Tebal shell (ts)

PR
ts =
SE - 0.6 P
33.443 psi x 124.579 in
=
13,710.185 psi x 0.8 - 0.6 x 33.443 psi
= 0.381 in
Dipilih tebal shell standar : 0.25 in (Brownell, 1959) p.87

0.0064 m
d. Tebal Head Tangki

Bahan konstruksi shell : Carbon Steel SA-285 Grade C
Jenis Head : Ellipsoidal head (Brownell, 1959) p.88
Tebal head (th)

PD
th =
2 SE - 0.2 P
33.443 psi x 249.159 in
=
2 x 13,710.185 psi x 0.8 - 0.2 x 33.443
= 0.380 in
Dipilih tebal head standar : 0.4375 in (Brownell, 1959) p.87

0.0111 m
7. Vessel Penukar Kation (CE-101)

Fungsi : Untuk mereduksi kation dalam air
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
Bentuk : Silinder vertikal

Bahan : Carbon steel SA-266 Grade 3
Jumlah vessel : 1 vessel
Laju alir massa = 151,692.348 kg/jam

Densitas = 998 kg/m³
Dari Tabel 16-19, Perry Edisi 7

Tipe resin = Kation; Asam kuat
Kecepatan Min = 1 gal/min.ft²
Kecepatan Max = 12 gal/min.ft²
Kecepatan dipilih = 10 gal/min.ft²
Tinggi bed min = 24
Laju alir = 151.996 m³/jam

= 669.220 gpm
Faktor keamanan 20%

Volume total = 1.2 x 151.996 m³/jam
= 182.396 m³/jam
= 803.064 gpm
Volume total
Luas tangki =
Kecepatan
803.064 gpm
=
10 gal/min.ft²
= 80.306 ft²
Luas tangki x 4 0.5

Diameter tangki =
π
80.306 ft² x 4 0.5

=
3.14
= 10.114 ft
= 121.373 in
= 3.083 m
Tinggi tangki direncanakan :

Tinggi tangki = 2.5 x Tinggi bed (100%) free board
= 2.5 x 120 in
= 300 in
= 25 ft
= 7.62 m
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
Volume resin = 160.508 m³

Waktu tinggal = 1 jam
Volume tangki = 182.396 m³
Menentukan Tebal Shell

Bahan shell yang digunakan adalah carbon stell tipe SA-266 grade C
Allowable stress (S) = 18750 psi
Efesiensi pengelasan ( E ) = 0.8 (Tabel 13.2 p.254, Brownell)
Faktor korosi ( C ) = 0.125 in (p.10-69, Perry)
P rancangan = 1.000 atm = 14.696 psi

Diameter menara = 3.083 m = 121.373 in
Jari-jari menara (ri) = 1.541 m = 60.686 in
Densitas = 988 kg/m3
P hidrostatik = ρ.g.H
= 988 kg/m3 x 9.8 m/s² x 7.62 m
= 73,779.888 Pa
= 106.981 Psi
P desain = P operasi + P hidrostatik

= 14.696 psi + 106.981 psi
= 121.677 psi
Faktor keamanan sebesar 10%, maka :
P desain = 1.1 x 121.677 psi

= 133.845 psi
Tebal shell (ts)

PR
ts =
SE - 0.6 P
133.845 psi x 60.686 in
=
18,750.000 psi x 0.8 - 0.6 x 133.845 psi
= 0.188 in

0.0048 m
Menentukan Tebal Head

ID = 121.373 in
OD = ID + 2 ts
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
= 121.373 in + 2 x 0.188 in
= 121.748 in
Diperoleh nilai OD standar dari Tabel 5.7, Brownel :
OD standar = 60.00 in
icr = 3.63 in
r = 54.00 in
(Tabel 5.7 p.89, Brownel)
Stress intenfication factor ( W )
W =
1 3.63 ^1/2
= x 3 +
4 54.00
= 0.815
ID koreksi = OD - 2 ts
= 60.00 in - 2 x 0.188 in
= 59.625 in
= 1.514 m
Tebal head kolom ( th ) :
P .rc.W
th = + C
2.S.E - 0,2 P
133.845 psi x 54.00 in x 0.815
= + 0.125
2 x 18,750 x 0.8 - 0.2 x 133.845
5,888.860
= + 0.125
29,973.231
= 0.321 in
Berdasarkan Tabel 5.4, Brownel dipilih tebal head standar : 1/5 in
Tebal head = 1/5 in

= 0.0048 m
Menentukan Tinggi Head

Tabel 5.6, Brownel diperoleh nilai sf (Tabel 5.6,p.88, Brownell)
Dari nilai th = 0.19 in, dipilih nilai sf = 2 in
ID
AB = - icr
2
59.625
= - 3.63 in
2.000
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
= 26.188 in
BC = r - icr
= 54.00 in - 3.63 in
= 50.375 in
AC = ( BC2 - AB2 )0,5

= 2,537.641 - 685.785 ^0,5
= 43.033 in
b = r - AC
= 54.00 in - 43.033 in
= 10.967 in
Tinggi head = b + th + sf
= 10.967 in + 0.19 in + 2 in
= 13.157 in
= 0.334 m
Tinggi Total = Tinggi tangki + 2.Tinggi Head

= 7.620 m + 2 x 0.334 m
= 8.288 m
8. Vessel Penukar Anion (AE-101)

Fungsi : Untuk mereduksi anion dalam air
Laju alir massa = 151,692.348 kg/jam

Dari Tabel 16-19, Perry Edisi 7

Tipe resin = Anion; Basa kuat
Kecepatan Min = 1 gal/min.ft²
Kecepatan Max = 7 gal/min.ft²
Kecepatan dipilih = 15 gal/min.ft²
Tinggi bed min = 50
Laju alir = 151.996 m³/jam

= 669.220 gpm
Faktor keamanan 20%

Volume total = 1.2 x 151.996 m³/jam
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
= 182.396 m³/jam
= 803.064 gpm
Volume total
Luas tangki =
Kecepatan
803.064 gpm
=
15 gal/min.ft²
= 53.538 ft²
Luas tangki x 4 0.5

Diameter tangki =
π
53.538 ft² x 4 0.5

=
3.14
= 8.258 ft
= 99.100 in
= 2.517 m
Tinggi tangki direncanakan :

Tinggi tangki = 2.5 x Tinggi bed (100%) free board
= 2.5 x 50 in
= 125 in
= 10.417 ft
= 3.175 m
Volume resin = 160.508 m³

Waktu tinggal = 1 jam
Volume tangki = 182.396 m³


= 988 kg/m3 x 9.8 m/s² x 3.175 m
= 30,741.620 Pa
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
= 44.575 Psi

= 14.696 psi + 44.575 psi
= 59.271 psi

= 65.198 psi
Tebal shell (ts)

PR
ts =
SE - 0.6 P
65.198 psi x 49.550 in
=
18,750.000 psi x 0.8 - 0.6 x 65.198 psi
= 0.22 in

0.0058 m

ID = 99.100 in
OD = ID + 2 ts
= 99.100 in + 2 x 0.230 in
= 99.560 in
icr = 5.50 in
r = 90.00 in
W =
1 5.50 ^1/2
= x 3 +
4 90.00
= 0.812
= 90.00 in - 2 x 0.230 in
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
= 89.540 in
= 2.274 m
P .rc.W
th = + C
2.S.E - 0,2 P
65.198 psi x 90.00 in x 0.812
= + 0.125
2 x 18,750 x 0.8 - 0.2 x 65.198
4,763.541
= + 0.125
29,986.960
= 0.284 in
Tebal head = 1/4 in

= 0.0064 m

Dari nilai th = 0.250 in, dipilih nilai sf = 2 in
ID
AB = - icr
2
89.540
= - 5.50 in
2.000
= 39.270 in
BC = r - icr
= 90.00 in - 5.50 in
= 84.500 in
AC = ( BC2 - AB2 )0,5

= 7,140.250 - 1,542.133 ^0,5
= 74.821 in
b = r - AC
= 90.00 in - 74.821 in
= 15.179 in
= 15.179 in + 0.25 in + 2 in
= 17.429 in
= 0.443 m
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS

= 3.175 m + 2 x 0.443 m
= 4.060 m
9. Vessel Deaerator (DE-201)

Fungsi : Pemisah O2 dan CO2 yang bersifat korosif untuk BFW
Laju alir massa = 907.878 kg/jam

= 50.438 kmol/jam
Tekanan desain = 1 atm

R = 0.082 m³.atm/kmol.K
Densitas = 0.085 kmol/m³
Laju volumetrik = 593.384 m³/jam
Waktu tinggal = 3 menit
= 0.050 jam
Volume air = Laju volumetrik x Waktu tinggal

= 593.384 m³/jam x 0.050 jam
= 29.669 m³
Volume pertangki = 29.669 m³
π . D² . H
Volume shell =
4
Tinggi shell : Diameter (Hs : D = 3 : 2) (Walas, p. 671)
Volume tangki = π . D² . 3/2 D

4
Volume tangki = 3 . π . D³
8
3 x 3.14 x D³
29.669 m³/unit =
8
29.669 m³/unit = 1.178 D³
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
29.669 m³/unit = 1.178 D³

D³ = 25.197 m³
D = 2.932 m
Hs = 4.398 m


= 998 kg/m3 x 9.8 m/s² x 4.398 m
= 43,009.357 Pa
= 62.364 Psi

= 14.696 psi + 62.364 psi
= 77.060 psi

= 84.766 psi
Tebal shell (ts)

PR
ts =
SE - 0.6 P
84.766 psi x 57.710 in
=
18,750.000 psi x 0.8 - 0.6 x 84.766 psi
= 0.33 in
Dipilih tebal shell standar : 3/8 in (Brownell, 1959) p.87

0.0095 m

ID = 115.420 in
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
OD = ID + 2 ts
= 115.420 in + 2 x 0.375 in
= 116.170 in
icr = 7.25 in
r = 114.00 in
W =
1 7.25 ^1/2
= x 3 +
4 114.00
= 0.813
= 120.00 in - 2 x 0.375 in
= 119.250 in
= 3.029 m
P .rc.W
th = + C
2.S.E - 0,2 P
84.766 psi x 114.00 in x 0.813
= + 0.125
2 x 18,750 x 0.8 - 0.2 x 84.766
7,856.681
= + 0.125
29,983.047
= 0.387 in
Tebal head = 4/9 in

= 0.0111 m

Dari nilai th = 0.438 in, dipilih nilai sf = 1 1/2 in
ID
AB = - icr
2
119.250
= - 7.25 in
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
= - 7.25 in
2.000
= 52.375 in
BC = r - icr
= 114.00 in - 7.25 in
= 106.750 in
AC = ( BC2 - AB2 )0,5

= 11,395.563 - 2,743.141 ^0,5
= 93.018 in
b = r - AC
= 114.00 in - 93.018 in
= 20.982 in
= 20.982 in + 0.44 in + 1 1/2 in
= 22.919 in
= 0.582 m

= 4.398 m + 2 x 0.582 m
= 5.562 m
10. Sand Filter (SF-101)

Fungsi : Menyaring partikel yang terbawa di air yang keluar dari
clarifier
Bentuk : Silinder tegak
Jumlah : 1 unit
Waktu tinggal = 2.5 menit
= 0.042 jam
Laju alir total = 3,640,616.349 kg/jam
Laju alir per-unit = 3,640,616.349 kg/jam
Densitas = 988.000 kg/m³
Faktor keamanan 20%

Laju alir
Laju lair volumetrik =
Densitas
3,640,616.349 kg/jam
=
988.000 kg/m³
= 3,684.834 m³/jam
Volume cairan (Vc) = Laju alir volumetrikx Waktu tinggal

= 3,684.834 m³/jam x 0.042 jam
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
= 153.535 m³
Volume tangki (Vt) = 120% x 153.535 m³

= 184.242 m³
Diameter tangki ditentukan dengan persamaan :
π . D² . H H = 1.5 D
Vt =
4
4 x Vt 0.5
D =
π x H
D
= 12.509 m
Tinggi tangki (H) = 1.5 x 12.509 m

= 18.763 m
Direncanakan tinggi penyaring 1/4 tinggi tangki,
Tinggi penyaring = 0.25 x 18.763 m

= 4.691 m


= 998 kg/m3 x 9.8 m/s² x 4.691 m
= 45,877.676 Pa
= 66.523 Psi

= 14.696 psi + 66.523 psi
= 81.219 psi

LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS

= 89.340 psi
Tebal shell (ts)

PD
ts =
2SE - 1.2 P
89.340 psi x 493.029 in
=
2 18,750 psi x 0.8 - 0.6 x 89.340 psi
= 1.47 in

0.0071 m

ID = 492.469 in
OD = ID + 2 ts
= 492.469 in + 2 x 0.280 in
= 493.029 in
icr = 6.13 in
r = 96.00 in
W =
1 6.13 ^1/2
= x 3 +
4 96.00
= 0.813
= 102.00 in - 2 x 0.280 in
= 101.440 in
= 2.577 m

P .rc.W
th = + C
2.S.E - 0,2 P
89.340 psi x 96.00 in x 0.813
= + 0.125
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
= + 0.125
2 x 18,750 x 0.8 - 0.2 x 89.340
6,974.114
= + 0.125
29,982.132
= 0.358 in
Tebal head = 1/5 in

= 0.0051 m

Dari nilai th = 0.200 in, dipilih nilai sf = 2 1/2 in
ID
AB = - icr
2
101.440
= - 6.13 in
2.000
= 44.595 in
BC = r - icr
= 96.00 in - 6.13 in
= 89.875 in
AC = ( BC2 - AB2 )0,5

= 8,077.516 - 1,988.714 ^0,5
= 78.031 in
b = r - AC
= 96.00 in - 78.031 in
= 17.969 in
= 17.969 in + 0.20 in + 2 1/2 in
= 20.669 in
= 0.525 m

= 0.250 m + 2 x 0.525 m
= 1.300 m
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
12. Cooling Tower (CT-101)

Fungsi : Mendinginkan air keluaran Cooler
Suhu air keluar = 30 °C

= 86 F
Suhu air masuk = 45 °C
= 113 F
Jumlah air yang harus didinginkan :

Massa air = 1,240,937.248 kg/jam
Densitas air = 988 kg/m³
Massa air
Volume air =
Densitas
1,240,937.248 kg/jam
=
988 kg/m³
= 1,256.009 m³/jam
= 331,802.570 gall/min
Digunakan udara sebagai pendingin dengan relative humidity 70%

Dry bulb tempaerature (Tdb) = 30 °C
Digunakan psichometric chart diperoleh : (Fig.8.4-1 p.385, Felder)
Twb = 23
Humidity = 0.019 kg H2O/kg dry air
Temperatur udara keluar = 40 °C
Digunakan psichometric chart diperoleh : (Fig.8.4-1 p.385, Felder)
Humidity = 0.042 kg H2O/kg dry air
Massa setiap udara kering membawa H2O sebanyak :
Udara kering = 0.042 - 0.019
= 0.023 Kg H2O/kg dry air
Kehilangan akibat penguapan (We)

We = 0,00085 x Wc x (T2 - T1) (Pers.12-10, Perry)
Wc : Jumlah air yang didinginkan

Sehingga :
We = 0.00085 x 1,240,937.248 kg/jam x 15 °C
= 15,821.950 kg/jam
Untuk kondisi :
T air masuk = 113 °F
T air keluar = 86 °F
Twb = 23.0 °C
= 73.4 °F
Diperoleh
Kecepatan air sebesar : 15 gpm/ft² (Fig.12-14, Perry)
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
Maka,
Volume air
Area CW =
Kecepatan air
331,802.570 gpm
=
15 gpm/ft²
= 22,120.171 ft²
Jumlah cooling tower yang digunakan adalah, 10 unit

sehingga tiap cooling tower memiliki luas area :
Cooling tower per unit = 22,120.171 ft²
10
= 2,212.017 ft²
= 205.503 m²
A = P x L
Panjang tower = 2 . Lebar tower
205.503 m² = 2L x L
205.503 m² = 2L²
L² = 102.752 m²
L = 10.137 m
Maka, panjang cooling tower adalah :

P = 2L
= 2 x 10.137 m
= 20.273 m
Menghitung kebutuhan air make-up cooling tower

Wm = We + Wd + Wb (Pers. 12-9, Perry)
Wb = We (Pers. 12-12, Perry)
S-1
Wd = 0,002 We (p. 12-17, Perry)
Keterangan :
Wm = Jumlah make up water
We = Air yang hilang karna peguapan
Wd = Air yang hilang di drift
Wb = Air yang hilang untuk blowdown
S = Cycles of cooling water (S=5)
Sehingga diperoleh :
Wb = 15,821.950 kg/jam
5 - 1
= 3,955.487 kg/jam
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
Wd = 0.002 x 15,821.950 kg/jam

= 31.644 kg/jam
Wm = We + Wd + Wb
= 15,821.950 + 31.644 + 3,955.487
= 19,809.081 kg/jam
Menentukan daya motor penggerak fan cooling tower

Ditentukan cooling tower dengan standard performance = 90%
Maka daya untuk menggerakkan fan cooling tower :
Fan Horse Power = 0.03 Hp/ft² (Fig. 12-15, Perry)
Tenaga yang dibutuhkan :

Power = A cooling tower x Fan horse power
= 2,212.017 ft² x 0.03 Hp/ft²
= 66.361 Hp
Efisiensi fan diambil 80%

Sehingga tenaga fan = 66.361 Hp
80%
= 82.951 Hp
Efisiensi motor diambil 90%

Sehingga tenaga motor = 66.361 Hp
90%
= 73.734 Hp
Diambil = 70.000 Hp
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
11. Clarifier Tank (F-101)

Fungsi : Tempat mengendapkan air sungai dari pengotornya
Jumlah : 1 unit
Jenis : Silinder tegak bagian bawah conis bersudut
Tekanan : 1 atm
Temperatur : 30 °C
Waktu tinggal : 0.5 jam
Laju alir keseluruhan = 151,692.348 kg/jam
Laju alir tiap unit = 151,692.348 kg/jam
Alfa = 60 (p.817, Coulson)
Menentukan Diameter Tangki
Laju alir
Q =
Densitas
151,692.348 kg/jam
=
998 kg/m³
= 151.996 m³/jam
Faktor keamanan 20%
Volume tangki = 1.2 x 151.996 m³/jam
= 182.396 m³/jam x 0.5 jam
= 91.198 m³
Asumsi,
Ls = 0.3 D
di = 0.25 D
Volume tangki = Volume conical + Volume cylindrical

= ( 0,262 H (D² + d² + Dd ) ) + ( π.di²)/(4.Ls)
(Tabel 18.3 p.625, Walas)
91.198 m³ = ( 0,262 x [ ((D-d)/2) tan θ ] x ( D² + d² + Dd ) + ( 0,2355 D³ )
91.198 m³ = ( 0,057 D³ + 0,0036 D³ + 0,051 D³ )
91.198 m³ = 0.1116 D³
D³ = 817.185 m³
D = 9.349 m
= 368.077 in
di = 0.25 D
= 0.25 x 9.349 m
= 2.337 m
Ls = 0.3 D
= 0.3 x 9.349 m
= 2.805 m
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
Menentukan Fluida dalam Shell

Volume fluida di shell = Volume cylindrical + Volume conis
= 91.198 - ( 0,262 x [ ((D-d)/2) tan θ ] x ( D² + d² + Dd ))
= 91.198 - 0.061 D³
= 91.198 - 0.061 x 9.349
= 90.631 m³
Menentukan Tinggi Produk

Volume fluida dalam shell
H =
1/4 π di²
90.631 m³
=
4.288 m²
= 21.134 m
= 69.337 ft
= 5.778 in


= 998 kg/m3 x 9.8 m/s² x 21.134 m
= 206,698.866 Pa
= 299.713 Psi

= 14.696 psi + 299.713 psi
= 314.409 psi
P desain = 1.1 x 314.409 psi

= 345.850 psi
Tebal shell (ts)

LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
PR
ts =
SE - 0.6 P
345.850 psi x 184.039 in
=
18,750.000 psi x 0.8 - 0.6 x 345.850 psi
= 4.30 in
Dipilih tebal shell standar : 1 7/8 in (Brownell, 1959) p.87

0.0476 m
= 368.08 in - 2 x 1.875 in
= 364.327 in
= 9.254 m
Diperoleh nilai OD dari Tabel 5.7 Brownel sebesar 12 in

0.305 m
Harga bari di menjadi :

D = Do - 2.ts
= 12 in - 2 x 1 7/8 in
= 8 1/4 in
= 0.210 m
di = 0.25 D
= 0.25 x 0.210 m
= 0.052 m
= 2.063 in
Ls = 0.3 D
= 0.3 x 0.210 m
= 0.063 m
Menentukan tebal tutup bawah berbentuk conis
PD
ts =
2 SE - 0.6 P
345.850 psi x 2.063 in
=
2 18,750 x 0.8 psi - 0.6 x 18,750 psi
= 0.038 in
Dipilih tebal shell standar : 1/5 in (Brownell, 1959) p.87

0.0048 m
Menentukan tinggi hopper (tutup bawah)
tan 60 = 0.3200404
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
h = [ (D - d)/2 ] tan θ
= 0.025 m
Menentukan tinggi tangki pengendap

Tinggi tangki = T shell + T tutup bawah
= 21.159 m
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
13. Kebutuhan Listrik

1. Alat Proses
No. Alat Daya (Hp) Jumlah Total
1. Pompa (P-101) 1 2 2
2. Pompa (P-102) 1 2 2
3. Pompa (P-103) 13 2 26
4. Pompa (P-104) 13.5 2 27
5. Pompa (P-105) 14 2 28
6. Pompa(P-106) 15.5 2 31
7. Pompa (P-107) 11.7 2 23.4
8. Pompa (P-108) 11.5 2 23
9. Pompa(P-109) 1 2 2
10. Pompa(P-110) 8 2 16
11. Pompa a(P-111) 3 2 6
12. Pompa (P-112) 7 3 21
13 Pompa (P-113) 1 2 2
14 Compressor (C-101) 1 1 1
15 Cooling tower (CT-101) 70 3 210
TOTAL 420.4
Daya yang dibutuhkan untuk kebutuhan listrik adalah 420.4 Hp
2. Penerangan 313.49228 kW
Lokasi Luas (m²) Luas (ft²) Lux Lumen
Area Proses 100000 1076391 1000 100000000
Laboratorium 900 9687.519 500 450000
Ruang Kontrol 1600 17222.256 350 560000
Gudang Produk 5000 53819.55 200 1000000
Generator 3000 32291.73 1000 3000000
Bahan Bakar 900 9687.519 200 180000
Boiler 500 5381.955 1000 500000
Utilitas 6400 68889.024 1000 6400000
Storage 2000 21527.82 250 500000
APAR 500 5381.955 200 100000
Timbangan Truk 100 1076.391 200 20000
Kantor Pusat 3600 38750.076 350 1260000
Kantor SDM 2000 21527.82 350 700000
Kantor Penelitian 900 9687.519 350 315000
Dept.Produksi 900 9687.519 350 315000
Dept.Teknik 1200 12916.692 350 420000
Aula 900 9687.519 200 180000
Bengkel 900 9687.519 200 180000
Garasi 1600 17222.256 100 160000
Poliklinik 500 5381.955 200 100000
Koperasi 500 5381.955 200 100000
Mushola 1000 10763.91 200 200000
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
Perpustakaan 500 5381.955 300 150000

Dapur 300 3229.173 250 75000
Toilet 500 5381.955 250 125000
Parkir 2500 26909.775 100 250000
Taman 2500 26909.775 100 250000
Pos Keamanan 400 4305.564 100 40000
Kantin 2000 21527.82 200 400000
TOTAL 1545697.476 1545697.476 10050 117930000
Dipakai,
Lampu LED (290-300 Lum/watt)
Dipilih = 295 Lum/watt
Lampu LED = 117930000 Lum

295 Lum/watt
= 399,762.712 Watt
= 399.763 kW
Perhitungan Jumlah Titik Lampu

E x L x W
N =
θ x LLF x Cu x n
Keterangan :
N : Jumlah titik lampu
E : Kuat penerangan / target kuat penerangan yang akan dicapai (Lux)
L : Panjang ruang (m)
W : Lebar ruang (m)
θ : Total Lumen Lampu / Lamp Luminious Fluks
LLF : Light Loss Factor / Faktor cahaya rugi ( 0,7 - 0,8 )
Cu : Coefficient of utilization / Faktor pemanfaatan ( 50 - 65 %)
n : Jumlah lampu dalam 1 titik lampu
a. Industri
Luas = 121800 m²
E = 300 Lux (untuk industri)
n = 1 buah
LLF = 0.8
Cu = 65%
θ = 3000 Lumen
Sehingga, diperoleh nilai :
300 x 121800
N =
3000 x 0.8 x 65% x 1
= 23,423 Titik lampu
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
b. Perkantoran
Luas = 18800 m²
E = 300 Lux (untuk perkantoran)
n = 1 buah
LLF = 0.8
Cu = 65%
θ = 3000 Lumen (Risman dkk, 2012 Pencahayaan Lampu)
Sehingga, diperoleh nilai :
300 x 18800
N =
3000 x 0.8 x 65% x 1
= 3,615 Titik lampu
3. Kebutuhan Listrik untuk AC dan Peralatan Kantor

Listrik untuk AC diperkirakan = 30000 Watt
= 30 kW
4. Kebutuhan Listrik untuk Instrumentasi

Listrik untuk instrumentasi = 20000 Watt
= 20 kW
14. Perancangan Generator

Generator berfungsi untuk menyediakan listrik dari peralatan-peralatan yang tidak boleh
terputus atau berubah-ubah tegangannya. Generator yang digunakan adalah
generator arus bolak balik (AC).
Total kebutuhan listrik = 363.492 kW

Faktor keamanan 10%
290.793824
Jadi,
Total kebutuhan listrik = 399.842 kW
Efisiensi generator adalah 80%

Maka,
Input generator = 499.802 kW
Ditetapkan input generator = 1600.000 kW

Sehingga,
untuk keperluan lain masih tersedia= 1600.000 kW - 499.802 kW
= 1100.198 kW
Spesifikasi Generator
LAMPIRAN D
UTILITAS
Tipe = AC Generator
Kapasitas = 1600 kW
Tegangan = 220 / 230 V
Efisiensi = 80%
Jumlah = 1 buah
Lampiran D
Utilitas
5. ALAT TRANSPORTASI UTILITAS

1. Pompa (P-201 A/B)
Fungsi = Alat transportasi dari sungai meuju bak penampung (BA-101)
Jumlah = 1 Buah
Tipe pompa = Sentrifugal
Bahan Pipa = Commercial Steel
Tekanan = 1
a. Menentukan Properties dan debit

Laju alir massa, m = 151692 kg/jam
= 42.14 kg/s
laju alir massa tiap pompa = 151692 kg/jam
= 42.137 kg/s
Densitas, ρ = 997 kg/m3 (Perry, 1997, table.2-28)
Viskositas, μ = 0.836 cP
= 0.0008 kg.m.s
b Debit aliran (Q)

Debit aliran (Q) = G
ρ
= 42.137 kg/s
997 kg/m3
= 0.0423 m3/s = 152.15 m3/h
= 1.492 ft3/s
= 42.264 L/s
c. Pemilihan pipa
Di optimum = 293 x G 0.53 x ρ -0.4 (Pers 5.14, hal. 221, Coulson )
= 293 x 42.137 0.53 x 997 -0.4
= 165.36 mm
= 6.510 in
Sehingga digunakan pipa dengan data yang diperoleh dari tabel 13, hal 888, Timmerhause
NPS = 6 in Luas area (at) = 0.2006 ft2
Schedule no = 40 = 28.886 in2
OD = 6.63 in = 0.20 m2
= 0.17 m
ID = 6.1 in
= 0.15 m
d. Kecepatan linear fluida

V = Q = 0.0423 m3/s
LD-28
Lampiran D
Utilitas
at 2E-01 m2
= 0.211 m/s
e. Menghitung Bilangan Reynold
Nre = ρ x V x ID (Pers 5.4 Coulson, hal 202)
µ
= 997 kg/m3 x 0.2 m/s x 0.15 m = 38823.029
0.0008 kg/m.s
Nre > 2100 , menunjukkan aliran yang turbulen.
f. Menghitung faktor friksi

ϵ = 0.000046 m (commercial steel) (Tabel 5.2 Coulson, hal 202)
ϵ = 0.000046
ID 0.154051
= 0.0002986
Dari nilai ϵ/D dan Nre, diperoleh nilai friction factor (f) pada moody chart yaitu :
Friction factor (f) = 0.0023 (Fig. 5.7 hal 203 Coulson)
g. Menghitung panjang ekuivalen

Instalasi pipa dirancang sebagai berikut :
Nilai Le/ID diperoleh dari Tabel 5.3-1 p.204, Coulson
Komponen Le/ID Jumlah Le (m)
Pipa lurus vertikal - - 4.95
Pipa lurus horizontal - - 500.0
Elbow, 90° 35 2 10.784
check Valve Swing 100 1 15.405
Gate valve full open 7.5 2 2.311
TOTAL 533.45
Jadi, panjang ekuivalen (Le) = 533.5 m
= 1750.2 ft
h. Menghitung hilang energi akibat gesekan

Pressure Drop Sepanjang Pipa Lurus
Fl = 8f L x V2 x ρ (Pers 5.3, P.201, Coulson)
D x 2
= 8 x 0.002 x 533 x 0.0 x 997

0.154 m x 2
= 1388 N/m2
i. Pressure Drop karena fitting atau valve

Mencari nilai K berdasarkan tabel 5.3 Coulson Hal 203
LD-29
Lampiran D
Utilitas
Number of
Fitting/valve Jumlah Velocity heads, Total K
K
Entry 1 0.5 0.5
Elbow 90 2 0.75 1.5
Gate Valve 2 0.15 0.3
Check Valve 1 2 2
Exit 1 1 1
Total 5.3
- Velocity Head = V2
2.g
= 0.2 2 = 0.0023 m of liquid
2 x 9.80
- Head Loss = Velocity Head x Total K

= 0.0023 x 5.3
= 0.01 m
dikonversi sebagai tekanan

P = Head loss x ρ x g
= 0.01 x 997 x 9.8
= 117.98127 N/m 2
Maka, ΔPf Total = 1388 + 117.98127

= 1506 N/m2
j. Menghitung Pressure Head

P1 = 1 atm = 101325 N/m2
P2 = 2.0 atm = 141486.47 N/m2
P2 - P1
Hp =
ρ
= ( 141486.47 - 101325 ) N/m2
997 kg/m3
= 40.282 J/kg
k. Menghitung Static Head (Eq 2.10-20 p.95, Geankoplis)

Z1 = 10 m
Z2 = 7.00 m
Hs = ∆Z x g
= ( 10 - 7.00 ) mx 9.8 m/s2
LD-30
Lampiran D
Utilitas
= 29.40 J/kg
l. Menghitung Head Velocity

Kecepatan linier fluida dititik 1 dan 2 relatif sama, maka V1 = V2
Sehingga DV = 0
Hv = DV = 0
2g
m.Menghitung Daya Pompa persatuan Massa

∆Z .g + D P + ΔPf (Eq 5.5, p.206, Coulson)
Ws =
ρ ρ
= 29.400 + 40.3 + 1.51
= 71.2 J/kg
n. Menghitung Total Head

Ws
H =
g
71.192 J/kg
=
9.8 m/s2
= 7.265 m
= 23.834 ft
o. Menghitung BHP Teori

BHP = Ws x G
= 71.19 J/kg x 42.137 kg/s
= 2999.8152 J/s
= 2999.8152 J/s x 1 hp
745.7
= 4.02 hp
p. Menghitung BHP Aktual

Qf = 0.0423 m3/s
= 669.89 gal/min
Diperoleh efisiensi pompa yaitu70% (Fig.14-37 p.520, Timmerhause)
Maka, BPH aktual :
BPH = 4 hp
70%
= 5.7 hp
Diambil= 6 hp
q. Menghitung Tenaga Motor Pompa

Pada nilai BHP aktual 6 hp diperoleh efisiensi motor yaitu 87%
LD-31
Lampiran D
Utilitas
(Fig.14-38 p.521, Timmerhause)

BHP motor= BHP aktual
h
= 6
87%
= 6.9 hp
Diambil = 7 hp
r. Menghitung NPSH ( Net Positive Suction Head ) Pompa

Pf Pv
NPSHA = P + HSuction - - (eq. 5.7, Coulson, hal 212)
ρg ρg ρg
= 10.37 + 3.00 - 0.1541 - 0.4341
= 12.78 m
s. Menentukan NPSHr
Impeller speed (N) = 3500 rpm (Fig.5.6,p.200, Coulson)
Specific speed (S) = 7900 rpm (p.129,Wallas)
Laju alir volumetrik (Q) = 669.89 gpm
(eq. 7.15, Wallas 2005, hal 129)

NPSHr =
= 25.858 ft
= 7.882 m
Untuk mengetahui pompa yang didesign tidak mengalami kavitasi , maka

nilai NPSHA haru lebih besar dari nilai NPSHR.
NPSHa > NPSHr
12.782 > 7.9 Maka pompa tidak akan mengalami kavitasi
Spesifikasi Alat Pompa Utilitas (P-201)

Kode P-201 A/B
Jumlah 1 Buah
Fungsi Alat transportasi dari sungai meuju bak
penampung (BA-101)
Tipe Pompa sentrifugal
Kapasitas 42.264 L/s
P suction 1 atm
P discharge 2.0 atm
Power Pompa 6 HP
Power motor 7 HP
NPSHa 12.8 m
NPSHr 7.9 m
Spesifikasi pipa
LD-32
Lampiran D
Utilitas
NPS 6.00 in Sch Number 40

Diameter dalam 0.15 m
Diameter luar 0.17 m
Luas Penampang 0.20 m2
Bahan Pipa Commercial Steel
LD-33
Lampiran D
Utilitas

Fungsi = Alat transportasi bak penampung menuju bak pengyaring
Jumlah = 1 Buah
Tekanan = 1

Laju alir massa, m = 151692 kg/jam
= 42.14 kg/s
= 42.137 kg/s
= 0.0008 kg.m.s
b Debit aliran (Q)

ρ
= 42.137 kg/s
997 kg/m3
= 0.0423 m3/s = 152.15 m3/h
= 1.492 ft3/s
= 42.264 L/s
c. Pemilihan pipa
= 293 x 42.137 0.53 x 997 -0.4
= 165.36 mm
= 6.5 in
8, Timmerhause Sehingga digunakan pipa dengan data yang diperoleh dari tabel 13, hal 888, Timmerhause
OD = 6.6 in = 0.20 m2
= 0.17 m
ID = 6.1 in
= 0.15 m

V = Q = 0.0423 m3/s
LD-34
Lampiran D
Utilitas
at 2E-01 m2
= 0.211 m/s
µ
= 997 kg/m3 x 0.2 m/s x 0.15 m = 39047.07
0.0008 kg/m.s

ϵ = 0.000046
ID 0.15494
= 0.0003

Elbow, 90° 35 2 10.85
check Valve Swing 100 1 15.49
TOTAL 48.29
Jadi, panjang ekuivalen (Le= 48.3 m
= 158.4 ft

D x 2
= 8 x 0.002 x 48.3 x 0.0 x 997

0.155 m x 2
= 125 N/m2

LD-35
Lampiran D
Utilitas
Number of
K
Entry 1 0.5 0.5
Elbow 90 2 0.75 1.5
Pipa T 1 1.2 1.2
Check Valve 1 2 2
Exit 2 1 2
Total 7.5
2.g
= 0.2 2 = 0.0023 m of liquid
2 x 9.80

= 0.0023 x 7.5
= 0.0 m

= 0.0 x 997 x 9.8
= 166.95463 N/m2
Maka, ΔPf Total = 125 + 166.95463

= 292 N/m2

P1 = 1 atm = 101325 N/m2
P2 = 1.17 atm = 118501.38 N/m2
P2 - P1
Hp =
ρ
= ( 118501.38 - 101325 ) N/m2
997 kg/m3
= 17.228 J/kg

Z1 = 12 m
Z2 = 11 m
Hs = ∆Z x g
LD-36
Lampiran D
Utilitas
= ( 12 - ### ) mx 9.8 m/s2

= 9.8 J/kg

Sehingga DV = 0
Hv = DV = 0
2g

Ws =
ρ ρ
= 9.800 + 17.2 + 0.293
= 27.32 J/kg

Ws
H =
g
27.321 J/kg
=
9.8 m/s2
= 2.788 m
= 9.146 ft

BHP = Ws x G
= 27.32 J/kg x 42.137 kg/s
= 1151.2088 J/s
= 1151.2088 J/s x 1 hp
745.7
= 1.54 hp

Qf = 0.0423 m3/s
= 669.89 gal/min
Maka, BPH aktual :
BPH = 2 hp
70%
= 2.2 hp
Diambil= 3 hp

LD-37
Lampiran D
Utilitas

h
= 3
84%
= 3.6 hp
Diambil = 4 hp

Pf Pv
ρg ρg ρg
= 10.37 + 1.00 - 0.0299 - 0.4336
= 10.91 m
s. Menentukan NPSHr
(eq. 7.15, Wallas 2005, hal 129)

NPSHr =
= 25.858 ft
= 7.882 m

NPSHa > NPSHr
10.907 > 8 Maka pompa tidak akan mengalami kavitasi

Kode P-202 A/B
Jumlah 1 Buah
Fungsi Alat transportasi bak penampung menuju
bak pengyaring
P suction 1 atm
P discharge 1.170 atm
Power Pompa 3 HP
Power motor 4 HP
NPSHa 11 m
NPSHr 8 m
Spesifikasi pipa
LD-38
Lampiran D
Utilitas

LD-39
Lampiran D
Utilitas

Fungsi = alat trasnportasi dari bak penyaring menuju clarifier
Jumlah = 1 Buah
Tekanan = 1

Laju alir massa, m = 151692.3 kg/jam
= 42.14 kg/s
= 42.137 kg/s
= 0.0008 kg.m.s
b Debit aliran (Q)

ρ
= 42.137 kg/s
997 kg/m3
= 0.0423 m3/s = 152.15 m3/h
= 1.492 ft3/s
= 42.264 L/s
c. Pemilihan pipa
= 293 x 42.137 0.53 x 997 -0.4
= 165.36 mm
= 6.5 in
NPS = 6.00 in Luas area (at) = 0 ft2
OD = 6.6 in = 0.20 m2
= 0.17 m
ID = 6.1 in
= 0.15 m

V = Q = 0.0423 m3/s
LD-40
Lampiran D
Utilitas
at 2E-01 m2
= 0.211 m/s
µ
= 997 kg/m3 x 0.2 m/s x 0.15 m = 39047.07
0.0008 kg/m.s

ϵ = 0.000046
ID 0.15494
= 0.0003

Elbow, 90° 35 6 32.537
Check vavle swing 100 1 15.494
TOTAL 73.584
= 241.4 ft

D x 2
= 8 x 0.002 x 73.6 x 0.0 x 997

0.155 m x 2
= 190 N/m2

LD-41
Lampiran D
Utilitas
Number of
K
Entry 2 0.5 1
Elbow 90 6 0.75 4.5
Pipa T 1 1.2 1.2
Check vavle 1 2 2
Exit 1 1 1
Total 10
2.g
= 0.2 2 = 0.0023 m of liquid
2 x 9.80

= 0.0023 x 10
= 0.0 m

= 0.0 x 997 x 9.8
= 222.60617 N/m2
Maka, ΔPf Total = 190 + 222.60617

= 413 N/m2

P1 = 1 atm = 101325 N/m2
P2 = 1.4 atm = 141855 N/m2
P2 - P1
Hp =
ρ
= ( 141855 - 101325 ) N/m2
997 kg/m3
= 40.652 J/kg

Z1 = 3.46 m
Z2 = 21 m
Hs = ( Z2 - Z1 ) x g
LD-42
Lampiran D
Utilitas
= ( 21 - 3.46 ) mx 9.8 m/s2

= 172 J/kg

Sehingga DV = 0
Hv = DV = 0
2g

Ws =
ρ ρ
= 171.884 + 40.7 + 0.414
= 212.95 J/kg

Ws
H =
g
212.950 J/kg
=
9.8 m/s2
= 21.730 m
= 71.291 ft

BHP = Ws x G
= 212.95 J/kg x 42.137 kg/s
= 8973.0388 J/s
= 8973.0388 J/s x 1 hp
745.7
= 12.03 hp

Qf = 0.0423 m3/s
= 669.89 gal/min
Maka, BPH aktual :
BPH = 12 hp
85%
= 14.2 hp
Diambil= 14 hp

LD-43
Lampiran D
Utilitas

h
= 14
86%
= 16.3 hp
Diambil = 16 hp

Pf Pv
ρg ρg ρg
= 10.37 + 17.54 - 0.0423 - 0.4336
= 27.43 m
s. Menentukan NPSHr
(eq. 7.15, Wallas 2005, hal 129)

NPSHr =
= 25.858 ft
= 7.882 m

NPSHa > NPSHr

Kode P-203 A/B
Jumlah 1 Buah
Fungsi alat trasnportasi dari bak penyaring menuju
clarifier
P suction 1.00 atm
Power Pompa 14 HP
Power motor 16 HP
NPSHa 27 m
NPSHr 8 m
Spesifikasi pipa
LD-44
Lampiran D
Utilitas

LD-45
Lampiran D
Utilitas

Fungsi = Alat transportasi dari clarifier ke send fillter
Jumlah = 1 Buah
Tekanan = 1

= 42.14 kg/s
= 42.137 kg/s
= 0.0008 kg.m.s
b Debit aliran (Q)

ρ
= 42.137 kg/s
997 kg/m3
= 0.0423 m3/s = 152.15 m3/h
= 1.492 ft3/s
= 42.264 L/s
c. Pemilihan pipa
221, Coulson ) Di optimum = 293 x G 0.53 x ρ -0.4 (Pers 5.14, hal. 221, Coulson )
= 293 x 42.137 0.53 x 997 -0.4
= 165.36 mm
= 6.51 in
OD = 6.6 in = 0.20 m2
= 0.17 m
ID = 6.1 in
= 0.15 m

V = Q = 0.0423 m3/s
LD-46
Lampiran D
Utilitas
at 2E-01 m2
= 0.211 m/s
µ
= 997 kg/m3 x 0.2 m/s x 0.15 m = 39047.07
0.0008 kg/m.s

ϵ = 0.000046
ID 0.15494
= 0.0003

Elbow, 90° 35 6 32.54
Check vavle swing 100 1 15.49
TOTAL 75.159
= 246.6 ft

D x 2
= 8 x 0.002 x 75.2 x 0.0 x 997

0.155 m x 2
= 194 N/m2

LD-47
Lampiran D
Utilitas
Number of
K
Entry 1 0.5 0.5
Pipa T 1 1.2 1.2
Elbow 90 6 0.75 4.5
Check valve 1 2 2
Exit 2 1 2
Total 10.5
2.g
= 0.2 2 = 0.0023 m of liquid
2 x 9.80

= 0.0023 x 10.5
= 0.0 m

= 0.0 x 997 x 9.8
= 233.73648 N/m2
Maka, ΔPf Total = 194 + 233.73648

= 428.10602 N/m2

P1 = 1 atm = 101325 N/m2
P2 = 1.38 atm = 139825.81 N/m2
P2 - P1
Hp =
ρ
= ( 139825.81 - 101325 ) N/m2
997 kg/m3
= 38.617 J/kg

Z1 = 7.23 m
Z2 = 9.8 m
Hs = ∆Z x g
LD-48
Lampiran D
Utilitas
= ( 9.80 - 7.2 ) mx 9.8 m/s2

= 25.238 J/kg

Sehingga DV = 0
Hv = DV = 0
2g

Ws =
ρ ρ
= 25.238 + 38.6 + 0.429
= 64.28 J/kg

Ws
H =
g
64.284 J/kg
=
9.8 m/s2
= 6.560 m
= 21.521 ft

BHP = Ws x G
= 64.28 J/kg x 42.137 kg/s
= 2708.7227 J/s
= 2708.7227 J/s x 1 hp
745.7
= 3.63 hp

Qf = 0.0423 m3/s
= 669.89 gal/min
Maka, BPH aktual :
BPH = 4 hp
70%
= 5.2 hp
Diambil= 5.5 hp

Pada nilai BHP aktual 5.5 hp diperoleh efisiensi motor yaitu 90%
LD-49
Lampiran D
Utilitas

h
= 5.5
85%
= 6.5 hp
Diambil = 7 hp

Pf Pv
ρg ρg ρg
= 10.37 + 2.58 - 0.0438 - 0.4336
= 12.47 m
s. Menentukan NPSHr
(eq. 7.15, Wallas 2005, hal 129)

NPSHr =
= 25.858 ft
= 7.882 m

NPSHa > NPSHr
12.468 > 8 Maka pompa tidak akan mengalami kavitasi

Kode P-204 A/B
Jumlah 1 Buah
Fungsi
Alat transportasi dari clarifier ke send fillter
P suction 1.00 atm
Power Pompa 5.5 HP
Power motor 6.6 HP
NPSHa 12 m
NPSHr 8 m
Spesifikasi pipa
LD-50
Lampiran D
Utilitas
NPS 6 in Sch Number 40

LD-51
Lampiran D
Utilitas

Fungsi = Alat transportasi dari sand fillter menuju bk air sanitasi dan vessel
cation exchange
Jumlah = 1 Buah
Tekanan = 1

= 42.14 kg/s
= 42.137 kg/s
= 0.0008 kg.m.s
b Debit aliran (Q)

ρ
= 42.137 kg/s
988 kg/m3
= 0.0426 m3/s = 153.53 m3/h
= 1.506 ft3/s
= 42.649 L/s
c. Pemilihan pipa
= 293 x 42.137 0.52 x 988 -0.4
= 159.82 mm
= 6.29 in
8, Timmerhause
OD = 6.6 in = 0.2000 m2
= 0.17 m
ID = 6.1 in
= 0.15 m
V = Q = 0.0426 m3/s
LD-52
Lampiran D
Utilitas
at 2E-01 m2
= 0.213 m/s
µ
= 988 kg/m3 x 0.2 m/s x 0.15 m = 39047.07
0.0008 kg/m.s

ϵ = 0.000046
ID 0.15494
= 0.0003

Elbow, 90° 35 18 97.612
Check valve 100 1 15.494
TOTAL 172.51
= 566.0 ft

D x 2
= 8 x 0.002 x 173 x 0.045 x 988

0.155 m x 2
= 450 N/m2

LD-53
Lampiran D
Utilitas
Number of
K
Entry 2 0.5 1
Pipa T 6 1.2 7.2
Elbow 90 18 0.75 13.5
Check valve 1 2 2
Exit 7 1 7
Total 31
2.g
= 0.2 2 = 0.0023 m of liquid
2 x 9.80

= 0.0023 x 31
= 0.1 m

= 0.1 x 988 x 9.8
= 696.36528 N/m2
Maka, ΔPf Total = 450 + 696.36528

= 1146.56 N/m2

P1 = 1 atm = 101325 N/m2
P2 = 1.3 atm = 131869.91 N/m2
P2 - P1
Hp =
ρ
= ( 131869.91 - 101325 ) N/m2
988 kg/m3
= 30.916 J/kg

Z1 = 4.9 m
Z2 = 17.1 m
Hs = ∆Z x g
LD-54
Lampiran D
Utilitas
= ( 17.1 - 4.90 ) m x 9.8 m/s2

= 119.36 J/kg

Sehingga DV = 0
Hv = DV = 0
2g

Ws =
ρ ρ
= 119.359 + 30.9 + 1.2
= 151.44 J/kg

Ws
H =
g
151.436 J/kg
=
9.8 m/s2
= 15.453 m
= 50.698 ft

BHP = Ws x G
= 151.44 J/kg x 42.137 kg/s
= 6381.010 J/s
= 6381.010 J/s x 1 hp
745.7
= 8.56 hp

Qf = 0.0426 m3/s
= 675.99 gal/min
Maka, BPH aktual :
BPH = 8.56 hp
90%
= 9.5 hp
Diambil= 9.8 hp

LD-55
Lampiran D
Utilitas

h
= 9.8
87%
= 11.3 hp
Diambil = 11 hp

Pf Pv
ρg ρg ρg
= 10.465 + 12.18 - 0.1184 - 0.4375
= 22.09 m
s. Menentukan NPSHr
(eq. 7.15, Wallas 2005, hal 129)

NPSHr =
= 26.015 ft
= 7.929 m

NPSHa > NPSHr

Kode P-205 A/B
Jumlah 1 Buah
Fungsi Alat transportasi dari sand fillter menuju bk
air sanitasi dan vessel cation exchange
Kapasitas 42.65 L/s
P suction 1 atm
Power Pompa 9.8 HP
Power motor 11 HP
NPSHa 22 m
NPSHr 7.9 m
Spesifikasi pipa
LD-56
Lampiran D
Utilitas

LD-57
Lampiran D
Utilitas
7 Pompa (P-206 A/B)

Fungsi = Alat transportasi cation exchange ke anion exchange
Jumlah = 1 Buah
Tekanan = 1

= 41.62 kg/s
= 41.617 kg/s
= 0.0008 kg.m.s
b Debit aliran (Q)

ρ
= 41.617 kg/s
988 kg/m3
= 0.0421 m3/s = 151.64 m3/h
= 1.488 ft3/s
= 42.122 L/s
c. Pemilihan pipa
= 293 x 41.617 0.53 x 988 -0.4
= 164.82 mm
= 6.49 in
8, Timmerhause NPS = 6.00 in Luas area (at) = 0.237 ft2
OD = 6.6 in = 0.200 m2
= 0.17 m
ID = 6.1 in
= 0.155 m

V = Q = 0.0421 m3/s
LD-58
Lampiran D
Utilitas
at 2E-01 m2
= 0.211 m/s
µ
= 988 kg/m3 x 0.2 m/s x 0.15 m = 38565.197
0.0008 kg/m.s

ϵ = 0.000046
ID 0.15494
= 0.0003

Elbow, 90° 35 24 130.1
TOTAL 219.21
= 719.2 ft

D x 2
= 8 x 0.002 x 219 x 0.0 x 988

0.155 m x 2
= 546 N/m2

LD-59
Lampiran D
Utilitas
Number of
K
Entry 6 0.5 3
Elbow 90 24 0.75 18
Pipa T 8 1.2 9.6
Check Valve 1 2 2
Exit 6 1 6
Total 38.9
2.g
= 0.2 2 = 0.0023 m of liquid
2 x 9.80

= 0.0023 x 38.9
= 0.1 m

= 0.1 x 988 x 9.8
= 852.39172 N/m2
Maka, ΔPf Total = 546 + 852.39172

= 1398.0175 N/m2

P1 = 1 atm = 101325 N/m2
P2 = 1.26 atm = 127507.69 N/m2
P2 - P1
Hp =
ρ
= ( 127507.69 - 101325 ) N/m2
988 kg/m3
= 26.501 J/kg

Z1 = 13.3 m
Z2 = 3.54 m
Hs = ∆Z x g
LD-60
Lampiran D
Utilitas
= ( 13.3 - 3.54 ) m x 9.8 m/s2

= 95.8 J/kg

Sehingga DV = 0
Hv = DV = 0
2g

Ws =
ρ ρ
= 95.798 + 26.5 + 1.415
= 123.71 J/kg

Ws
H =
g
123.713 J/kg
=
9.8 m/s2
= 12.624 m
= 41.417 ft

BHP = Ws x G
= 123.71 J/kg x 41.617 kg/s
= 5148.5437 J/s
= 5148.5437 J/s x 1 hp
745.7
= 6.90 hp

Qf = 0.0421 m3/s
= 667.65 gal/min
Maka, BPH aktual :
BPH = 6.9 hp
70%
= 9.9 hp
Diambil= 10 hp

LD-61
Lampiran D
Utilitas

h
= 10
87%
= 11.5 hp
Diambil = 11.0 hp

Pf Pv
ρg ρg ρg
= 10.465 + 9.78 - 0.1444 - 0.4375
= 19.66 m
s. Menentukan NPSHr
Impeller speed (N) = 3500 rp (Fig.5.6,p.200, Coulson)
(eq. 7.15, Wallas 2005, hal 129)

NPSHr =
= 25.800 ft
= 7.864 m

NPSHa > NPSHr

Kode P-206 A/B
Jumlah 1 Buah
Fungsi Alat transportasi cation exchange ke anion
exchange
P suction 1.0 atm
P discharge 1.3 atm
Power Pompa 10 HP
Power motor 11 HP
NPSHa 20 m
NPSHr 7.9 m
Spesifikasi pipa
LD-62
Lampiran D
Utilitas

LD-63
Lampiran D
Utilitas

Fungsi =
Alat transportasi dari anion exchange menuju bak air pendingin
Jumlah = 1 Buah
Tekanan = 1

= 41.62 kg/s
= 41.617 kg/s
= 0.0008 kg.m.s
b Debit aliran (Q)

ρ
= 41.617 kg/s
988 kg/m3
= 0.0421 m3/s = 151.64 m3/h
= 1.488 ft3/s
= 42.122 L/s
c. Pemilihan pipa
= 293 x 41.617 0.53 x 988 -0.4
= 164.82 mm
= 6.5 in
OD = 6.6 in = 0.20 m2
= 0.15 m
ID = 6.1 in
= 0.16 m

V = Q = 0.0421 m3/s
LD-64
Lampiran D
Utilitas
at 2E-01 m2
= 0.211 m/s
µ
= 988 kg/m3 x 0.2 m/s x 0.16 m = 38580.131
0.0008 kg/m.s

ϵ = 0.000046
ID 0.155
= 0.0003

Elbow, 90° 35 8 43.400
TOTAL 101.57
= 333.2 ft

D x 2
= 8 x 0.002 x 102 x 0.0 x 988

0.155 m x 2
= 253 N/m2

LD-65
Lampiran D
Utilitas
Number of
K
Entry 1 0.5 0.5
Elbow 90 8 0.75 6
Pipa T 1 1.2 1.2
Check valve 1 2 2
Exit 3 1 3
Total 13.3
2.g
= 0.2 2 = 0.0023 m of liquid
2 x 9.80

= 0.0023 x 13.3
= 0.0 m

= 0.0 x 988 x 9.8
= 291.4347 N/m2
Maka, ΔPf Total = 253 + 291.4347

= 544.15615 N/m2

P1 = 1 atm = 101325 N/m2
P2 = 1.29 atm = 130564.05 N/m2
P2 - P1
Hp =
ρ
= ( 130564.05 - 101325 ) N/m2
988 kg/m3
= 29.594 J/kg

Z1 = 3.54 m
Z2 = 8.02 m
Hs = ∆Z x g
LD-66
Lampiran D
Utilitas
= ( 8.02 - 3.54 ) m x 9.8 m/s2

= 43.918 J/kg

Sehingga DV = 0
Hv = DV = 0
2g

Ws =
ρ ρ
= 43.918 + 29.6 + 0.551
= 74.06 J/kg

Ws
H =
g
74.063 J/kg
=
9.8 m/s2
= 7.557 m
= 24.795 ft

BHP = Ws x G
= 74.06 J/kg x 41.617 kg/s
= 3082.2416 J/s
= 3082.2416 J/s x 1 hp
745.7
= 4.13 hp

Qf = 0.0421 m3/s
= 667.65 gal/min
Maka, BPH aktual :
BPH = 4.13 hp
80%
= 5.2 hp
Diambil= 5.5 hp

LD-67
Lampiran D
Utilitas

h
= 5.5
80%
= 6.9 hp
Diambil = 7 hp

Pf Pv
ρg ρg ρg
= 10.465 + 4.48 - 0.0562 - 0.4375
= 14.45 m
s. Menentukan NPSHr
(eq. 7.15, Wallas 2005, hal 129)

NPSHr =
= 25.800 ft
= 7.864 m

NPSHa > NPSHr

Kode P-207 A/B
Jumlah 1 Buah
Fungsi Alat transportasi dari anion exchange
menuju bak air pendingin
Kapasitas 42.12 L/s
P suction 1.0 atm
P discharge 1.3 atm
Power Pompa 5.5 HP
Power motor 7 HP
NPSHa 14 m
NPSHr 8 m
Spesifikasi pipa
LD-68
Lampiran D
Utilitas

LD-69
Lampiran D
Utilitas

Fungsi = Alat transportasi dari deaerator menuju tangki umpan boiler
Jumlah = 1 Buah
Tekanan = 1

= 0.25 kg/s
laju alir massa tiap pompa = 907.88 kg/jam
= 0.2522 kg/s
= 0.0008 kg.m.s
b Debit aliran (Q)

ρ
= 0.252 kg/s
988 kg/m3
= 0.0003 m3/s = 0.9189 m3/h
= 0.009 ft3/s
= 0.255 L/s
c. Pemilihan pipa
= 293 x 0.252 0.52 x 988 -0.4
= 11.16 mm
= 0.44 in
OD = 0.84 in = 0.000 m2
= 0.02 m
ID = 0.6 in
= 0.015 m

V = Q = 0.0003 m3/s
LD-70
Lampiran D
Utilitas
at 4E-04 m2
= 0.723 m/s
µ
= 988 kg/m3 x 0.7 m/s x 0.02 m = 13022.379
0.0008 kg/m.s

ϵ = 0.000046
ID 0.01524
= 0.003

Elbow, 90° 35 4 2.134
TOTAL 22.114
= 72.6 ft

D x 2
= 8 x 0.003 x 22.1 x 0.5 x 988

0.015 m x 2
= 8993 N/m2

LD-71
Lampiran D
Utilitas
Number of
K
Entry 1 0.5 0.5
Elbow 90 4 0.75 3
Check valve 1 2 2
Exit 1 1 1
Total 6.8
2.g
= 0.7 2 = 0.0267 m of liquid
2 x 9.80

= 0.0267 x 6.8
= 0.2 m

= 0.2 x 988 x 9.8
= 1756.084 N/m 2
Maka, ΔPf Total = 8993 + 1756.084

= 10749.47 N/m2

P1 = 1 atm = 101325 N/m2
P2 = 1.8 atm = 182620 N/m2
P2 - P1
Hp =
ρ
= ( 182620 - 101325 ) N/m2
988 kg/m3
= 82.282 J/kg

Z1 = 2.68 m
Z2 = 8.2 m
Hs = ( Z2 - Z1 ) x g
= ( 8.23 - 2.68 ) mx 9.8 m/s2
LD-72
Lampiran D
Utilitas
= 54.390 J/kg

Sehingga DV = 0
Hv = DV = 0
2g

Ws =
ρ ρ
= 54.390 + 82.3 + 10.880
= 147.6 J/kg

Ws
H =
g
147.553 J/kg
=
9.8 m/s2
= 15.056 m
= 49.398 ft

BHP = Ws x G
= 147.55 J/kg x 0.252 kg/s
= 37.211026 J/s
= 37.211026 J/s x 1 hp
745.7
= 0.05 hp

Qf = 0.0003 m3/s
= 4.0458 gal/min
Diperoleh efisiensi pompa yaitu : 90% (Fig.14-37 p.520, Timmerhause)
Maka, BPH aktual :
BPH = 0.0 hp
30%
= 0.2 hp
Diambil= 1 hp

LD-73
Lampiran D
Utilitas

h
= 1
81%
= 1.2 hp
Diambil = 1.2 hp

Pf Pv
ρg ρg ρg
= 10.465 + 5.55 - 1.1102 - 0.4375
= 14.47 m
s. Menentukan NPSHr
(eq. 7.15, Wallas 2005, hal 129)

NPSHr =
= 0.858 ft
= 0.261 m

NPSHa > NPSHr

Kode P-208 A/B
Jumlah 1 Buah
Fungsi Alat transportasi dari deaerator menuju
tangki umpan boiler
Kapasitas 0.255 L/s
P suction 1 atm
Power Pompa 1 HP
Power motor 1.2 HP
NPSHa 14 m
NPSHr 0.26 m
Spesifikasi pipa
LD-74
Lampiran D
Utilitas

LD-75
Lampiran D
Utilitas

Fungsi = Alat transportasi make up water pendingin menuju colling tower
Jumlah = 1 Buah
Tekanan = 1

= 41.36 kg/s
laju alir massa tiap pompa = 148912.47 kg/jam
= 41.365 kg/s
= 0.0008 kg.m.s
b Debit aliran (Q)

ρ
= 41.365 kg/s
988 kg/m3
= 0.0419 m3/s = 150.72 m3/h
= 1.478 ft3/s
= 41.867 L/s
c. Pemilihan pipa
= 293 x 41.365 0.52 x 988 -0.4
= 158.29 mm
= 6.23 in
NPS = 6.00 in Luas area (at) = 0.237 ft2
OD = 6.6 in = 0.20 m2
= 0.1676 m
ID = 6.1 in
= 0.1549 m

V = Q = 0.0419 m3/s
LD-76
Lampiran D
Utilitas
at 2E-01 m2
= 0.209 m/s
µ
= 988 kg/m3 x 0.2 m/s x 0.15 m = 38331.503
0.0008 kg/m.s

ϵ = 0.000046
ID 0.15494
= 0.0003

Elbow, 90° 35 8 43.383
Gate valve 7.5 4 4.648
TOTAL 174.43
= 572.3 ft

D x 2
= 8 x 0.002 x 174 x 0.0 x 988

0.155 m x 2
= 448 N/m2

LD-77
Lampiran D
Utilitas
Number of
K
Entry 1 0.5 0.5
Elbow 90 8 0.75 6
Pipa T 2 1.2 2.4
Check valve 1 2 2
Exit 3 1 3
Total 14.5
2.g
= 0.2 2 = 0.0022 m of liquid
2 x 9.80

= 0.0022 x 14.5
= 0.0 m

= 0.0 x 988 x 9.8
= 313.89052 N/m2
Maka, ΔPf Total = 448 + 313.89052

= 762.32156 N/m2

P1 = 1 atm = 101325 N/m2
P2 = 1.22 atm = 123528.89 N/m2
P2 - P1
Hp =
ρ
= ( 123528.89 - 101325 ) N/m2
988 kg/m3
= 22.474 J/kg

Z1 = 2.40 m
Z2 = 10.9 m
Hs = ∆Z x g
LD-78
Lampiran D
Utilitas
= ( 10.9 - 2.4 ) mx 9.8 m/s2

= 83.35 J/kg

Sehingga DV = 0
Hv = DV = 0
2g

Ws =
ρ ρ
= 83.353 + 22.5 + 0.8
= 106.6 J/kg

Ws
H =
g
106.598 J/kg
=
9.8 m/s2
= 10.877 m
= 35.687 ft

BHP = Ws x G
= 106.60 J/kg x 41.365 kg/s
= 4409.3905 J/s
= 4409.3905 J/s x 1 hp
745.7
= 5.91 hp

Qf = 0.0419 m3/s
= 663.61 gal/min
Maka, BPH aktual :
BPH = 5.9 hp
90%
= 6.6 hp
Diambil= 6.6 hp

LD-79
Lampiran D
Utilitas

h
= 6.6
85%
= 7.8 hp
Diambil = 8.0 hp

Pf Pv
ρg ρg ρg
= 10.465 + 8.51 - 0.0787 - 0.4375
= 18.45 m
s. Menentukan NPSHr
(eq. 7.15, Wallas 2005, hal 129)

NPSHr =
= 25.696 ft
= 7.832 m

NPSHa > NPSHr

Kode P-209 A/B
Jumlah 1 Buah
Fungsi Alat transportasi make up water pendingin
menuju colling tower
Kapasitas 41.87 L/s
P suction 1 atm
Power Pompa 6.6 HP
Power motor 8 HP
NPSHa 18 m
NPSHr 8 m
Spesifikasi pipa
LD-80
Lampiran D
Utilitas

LD-81
Lampiran D
Utilitas

Fungsi = Alat transportasi dari colling tower ke alat pendingin
Jumlah = 1 Buah
Tekanan = 1

= 41.36 kg/s
= 41.365 kg/s
= 0.0008 kg.m.s
b Debit aliran (Q)

ρ
= 41.365 kg/s
988 kg/m3
= 0.0419 m3/s = 150.72 m3/h
= 1.478 ft3/s
= 41.867 L/s
c. Pemilihan pipa
= 293 x 41.365 0.52 x 988 -0.4
= 158.29 mm
= 6.23 in
OD = 6.6 in = 0.20 m2
= 0.1676 m
ID = 6.1 in
= 0.1549 m

V = Q = 0.0419 m3/s
LD-82
Lampiran D
Utilitas
at 2E-01 m2
= 0.209 m/s
µ
= 988 kg/m3 x 0.2 m/s x 0.15 m = 38331.503
0.0008 kg/m.s

ϵ = 0.000046
ID 0.15494
= 0.0003

Elbow, 90° 35 3 16.269
TOTAL 46.09
= 151.2 ft

D x 2
= 8 x 0.004 x 46 x 0.0 x 988

0.155 m x 2
= 180 N/m2

LD-83
Lampiran D
Utilitas
Number of
K
Entry 1 0.5 0.5
Elbow 90 3 0.75 2.25
Check valve 1 2 2
Exit 1 1 1
Total 6.05
2.g
= 0.2 2 = 0.0022 m of liquid
2 x 9.80

= 0.0022 x 6.05
= 0.01 m

= 0.01 x 988 x 9.8
= 130.96811 N/m 2
Maka, ΔPf Total = 180 + 130.96811

= 311.2621 N/m2

P1 = 1 atm = 101325 N/m2
P2 = 1.21 atm = 123077.83 N/m2
P2 - P1
Hp =
ρ
= ( 123077.83 - 101325 ) N/m2
988 kg/m3
= 22.017 J/kg

Z1 = 2.94 m
Z2 = 8.0 m
Hs = ∆Z x g
= ( 8.00 - 2.9 ) mx 9.8 m/s2
LD-84
Lampiran D
Utilitas
= 49.580 J/kg

Sehingga DV = 0
Hv = DV = 0
2g

Ws =
ρ ρ
= 49.580 + 22.0 + 0.3
= 71.9 J/kg

Ws
H =
g
71.913 J/kg
=
9.8 m/s2
= 7.338 m
= 24.075 ft

BHP = Ws x G
= 71.91 J/kg x 41.365 kg/s
= 2974.6329 J/s
= 2974.6329 J/s x 1 hp
745.7
= 3.99 hp

Qf = 0.0419 m3/s
= 663.61 gal/min
Maka, BPH aktual :
BPH = 4.0 hp
70%
= 5.7 hp
Diambil= 6 hp

LD-85
Lampiran D
Utilitas

h
= 6
84%
= 7.1 hp
Diambil = 7.0 hp

Pf Pv
ρg ρg ρg
= 10.465 + 5.06 - 0.0321 - 0.4375
= 15.05 m
s. Menentukan NPSHr
(eq. 7.15, Wallas 2005, hal 129)

NPSHr =
= 25.696 ft
= 7.832 m

NPSHa > NPSHr

Kode P-210 A/B
Jumlah 1 Buah
Fungsi Alat transportasi dari colling tower ke alat
pendingin
P suction 1 atm
Power Pompa 6 HP
Power motor 7 HP
NPSHa 15 m
NPSHr 8 m
Spesifikasi pipa
LD-86
Lampiran D
Utilitas

LD-87
Lampiran D
Utilitas

Fungsi = Alat transportasi dari tangki umpan boiler menuju boiler
Jumlah = 1 Buah
Tekanan = 1

= 2.10 kg/s
= 2.1014 kg/s
= 0.0008 kg.m.s
b Debit aliran (Q)

ρ
= 2.1 kg/s
988 kg/m3
= 0.0021 m3/s = 7.6569 m3/h
= 0.075 ft3/s
= 2.1 L/s
c. Pemilihan pipa
= 293 x 2.1 0.52 x 988 -0.4
= 33.61 mm
= 1.32 in
OD = 1.32 in = 0.22 m2
= 0.0335 m
ID = 1.049 in
= 0.0266 m

V = Q = 0.0021 m3/s
LD-88
Lampiran D
Utilitas
at 2E-01 m2
= 0.010 m/s
µ
= 988 kg/m3 x 0.0 m/s x 0.03 m = 304.42946
0.0008 kg/m.s

ϵ = 0.000046
ID 0.0266446
= 0.0017

Elbow, 90° 35 6 5.595
TOTAL 117.26
= 384.7 ft

D x 2
= 8 x 0.002 x 117 x 0.0 x 988

0.027 m x 2
= 3 N/m2

LD-89
Lampiran D
Utilitas
Number of
K
Entry 1 0.5 0.5
Elbow 90 6 0.75 4.5
Pipa T 2 1.2 2.4
Check valve 1 2 2
Exit 1 1 1
Total 10.7
2.g
= 0.0 2 = 5E-06 m of liquid
2 x 9.80

= 5E-06 x 10.7
= 0.0 m

= 0.0 x 988 x 9.8
= 0.4940425 N/m2
Maka, ΔPf Total = 3 + 0.4940425

= 3 N/m2

P1 = 1 atm = 101325 N/m2
P2 = 1.21 atm = 122770 N/m2
P2 - P1
Hp =
ρ
= ( 122770 - 101325 ) N/m2
988 kg/m3
= 21.705 J/kg

Z1 = 7.87 m
Z2 = 2.0 m
Hs = ∆Z x g
LD-90
Lampiran D
Utilitas
= ( 7.87 - 2.0 ) mx 9.8 m/s2

= 57.526 J/kg

Sehingga DV = 0
Hv = DV = 0
2g

Ws =
ρ ρ
= 57.526 + 21.7 + 0.0
= 79.2 J/kg

Ws
H =
g
79.235 J/kg
=
9.8 m/s2
= 8.085 m
= 26.526 ft

BHP = Ws x G
= 79.24 J/kg x 2.10 kg/s
= 166.50405 J/s
= 166.50405 J/s x 1 hp
745.7
= 0.22 hp

Qf = 0.0021 m3/s
= 33.712 gal/min
Maka, BPH aktual :
BPH = 0.2 hp
70%
= 0.3 hp
Diambil= 2 hp

LD-91
Lampiran D
Utilitas

h
= 2
87%
= 2.3 hp
Diambil = 2.5 hp

Pf Pv
ρg ρg ρg
= 10.465 + 5.87 - 0.0004 - 0.4375
= 15.90 m
s. Menentukan NPSHr
(eq. 7.15, Wallas 2005, hal 129)

NPSHr =
= 3.525 ft
= 1 m

NPSHa > NPSHr

Kode P-211 A/B
Jumlah 1 Buah
Fungsi Alat transportasi dari tangki umpan boiler
menuju boiler
Kapasitas 2.127 L/s
P suction 1 atm
Power Pompa 2 HP
Power motor 2.5 HP
NPSHa 16 m
NPSHr 1 m
Spesifikasi pipa
LD-92
Lampiran D
Utilitas

LD-93
Lampiran D
Utilitas

Fungsi = Alat transportasi dari tangki umpan boiler menuju boiler
Jumlah = 1 Buah
Tekanan = 1

= 42.14 kg/s
= 42.137 kg/s
= 0.0008 kg.m.s
b Debit aliran (Q)

ρ
= 42.137 kg/s
988 kg/m3
= 0.0426 m3/s = 153.53 m3/h
= 1.506 ft3/s
= 42.649 L/s
c. Pemilihan pipa
= 293 x 42.137 0.52 x 988 -0.4
= 159.82 mm
= 6.3 in
OD = 16 in = 0.13 m2
= 0.4064 m
ID = 15.25 in
= 0.3874 m

V = Q = 0.0426 m3/s
LD-94
Lampiran D
Utilitas
at 1E-01 m2
= 0.329 m/s
µ
= 988 kg/m3 x 0.3 m/s x 0.39 m = 150585
0.0008 kg/m.s

ϵ = 0.000046
ID 0.38735
= 0.0001

Elbow, 90° 35 3 40.672
TOTAL 97.22
= 319.0 ft

D x 2
= 8 x 0.003 x 97 x 0.1 x 988

0.387 m x 2
= 295 N/m2

LD-95
Lampiran D
Utilitas
Number of
K
Entry 1 0.5 0.5
Elbow 90 3 0.75 2.25
Check valve 1 2 2
Exit 1 1 1
Total 6.05
2.g
= 0.3 2 = 0.0055 m of liquid
2 x 9.80

= 0.0055 x 6.05
= 0.0 m

= 0.0 x 988 x 9.8
= 323.39779 N/m 2
Maka, ΔPf Total = 295 + 323.39779

= 618.54793 N/m2

P1 = 1 atm = 101325 N/m2
P2 = 1.21 atm = 122208.55 N/m2
P2 - P1
Hp =
ρ
= ( 122208.55 - 101325 ) N/m2
988 kg/m3
= 21.137 J/kg

Z1 = 7.23 m
Z2 = 2.0 m
Hs = ∆Z x g
= ( 7.23 - 2.0 ) mx 9.8 m/s2
LD-96
Lampiran D
Utilitas
= 51.229 J/kg

Sehingga DV = 0
Hv = DV = 0
2g

Ws =
ρ ρ
= 51.229 + 21.1 + 0.6
= 73.0 J/kg

Ws
H =
g
72.992 J/kg
=
9.8 m/s2
= 7.448 m
= 24.436 ft

BHP = Ws x G
= 72.99 J/kg x 42.137 kg/s
= 3075.6614 J/s
= 3075.6614 J/s x 1 hp
745.7
= 4.12 hp

Qf = 0.0426 m3/s
= 675.99 gal/min
Maka, BPH aktual :
BPH = 4.1 hp
62%
= 6.7 hp
Diambil= 6.8 hp

LD-97
Lampiran D
Utilitas

h
= 6.8
82%
= 8.3 hp
Diambil = 8.3 hp

Pf Pv
ρg ρg ρg
= 10.465 + 5.23 - 0.0639 - 0.4375
= 15.19 m
s. Menentukan NPSHr
(eq. 7.15, Wallas 2005, hal 129)

NPSHr =
= 26.015 ft
= 7.929 m

NPSHa > NPSHr

Kode P-201 A/B
Jumlah 1 Buah
Fungsi Alat transportasi dari tangki umpan boiler
menuju boiler
P suction 1 atm
Power Pompa 6.8 HP
Power motor 8.3 HP
NPSHa 15 m
NPSHr 8 m
Spesifikasi pipa
LD-98
Lampiran D
Utilitas

LD-99
Lampiran D
Utilitas
8, Timmerhause
LD-100

Lampiran D Utilitas Cuy

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LAMPIRAN D

A. Kebutuhan Air dan Steam

Kehilangan air selama sirkulasi (12%)= 148,912.470 kg/jam

Kehilangan air selama sirkulasi (12%)= 907.878 kg/jam

Blowdown 10% = 847.353 kg/jam

Air umpan boiler = 9,320.882 kg/jam

3. Kebutuhan Air Sanitasi

Maka, kebutuhan air untuk karyawan = 12,000 kg/hari

Total kebutuhan air sanitasi = 15,600 kg/hari

4. Kebutuhan Keseluruhan Air

5. Kebutuhan Air Kontinyu

Kebutuhan air total = 151,692.348 kg/jam

Boiler dirancang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan = 151,692.348 kg/jam

Dari Geankoplis Appendix A.2-9 (steam table) untuk steam

Maka untuk kebutuhan total steam yang terpakai adalah

a. Kebutuhan bahan bakar boiler

mf = 182,030.817 x ( 2,803.300 - 966.780 )

b. Menentukan daya Boiler

BHP = mf x (Hv - Hf)

c. Menentukan Heating Surface Area

Maka, heating surface boiler :

d. Menentukan kapasitas boiler

1. Bak Air Penampungan (BA-101)

Laju alir umpan = 151,692.348 kg/jam

Tinggi bak = 7.607 m

2. Bak Tangki Air Sanitasi (BA-103)

Kecepatan umpan tangki (Fv) = 1,872.000 kg/jam

Faktor keamanan 20%

Volume tiap tangki = 54.076 m³

Volume tangki = Volume shell + Volume head

Tinggi shell : Diameter (Hs : D = 3 : 2)

Volume tangki = π . D² . 3/2 D π . D³

3. Tangki air pendingin (BA-104)

Kecepatan umpan tangki (Fv) = 148,912.470 kg/jam

Densitas umpan tangki (ρ) = 998 kg/m³

Faktor keamanan 20%

Volume tiap tangki = 2,148.637 m³

Volume tangki = Volume shell + Volume head

Tinggi shell : Diameter (Hs : D = 3 : 2)

Volume tangki = π . D² . 3/2 D π . D³

4. Tangki Air Umpan Boiler (TK-202)

Kecepatan umpan tangki (Fv) = 907.878 kg/jam

Faktor keamanan 20%

Volume tiap tangki = 13.100 m³

Volume tangki = Volume shell + Volume head

Tinggi shell : Diameter (Hs : D = 3 : 2)

Tinggi head : Diameter (Hh : D = 4 : 1) (Walas, p. 671)

Volume tangki = π . D² . 3/2 D π . D³

5. Bak Air Penampung Produk Samping (TK-201)

Laju alir umpan = 9,958.278 kg/jam

Tinggi bak = 4.989 m

6. Bak Penyaring (BA-102)

Jenis Sambungan : Single welded butt joints

151,692.348 kg/jam x 2 jam

Faktor keamanan 20%, maka :

Terdapat 1 unit tangki

Volume tangki = Volume shell + Volume head

Tinggi shell : Diameter (Hs : D = 3 : 2)

Volume tangki = π . D² . 3/2 D π . D³

Tinggi tangki = Tinggi shell + Tinggi head

c. Tebal Shell Tangki

P desain = P perancangan + P hidrostatik

Faktor keamanan 10%, maka :