KD Matematika Sains kelas X, XI dan XII

1. Mendeskripsikan dan menentukan penyelesaian fungsi eksponensial dan fungsi logaritma menggunakan masalah
kontekstual
2. Menjelaskan vector, operasi vector, Panjang vector, sudut antarvektor dalam ruang berdimensi dua (bidang) dan
berdimensi tiga
3. Menjelaskan dan menentukan penyelesaian persamaan trigonometri
4. Menganalisis keterbagian dan faktorisasi polinom
5. Menjelaskan keberkaitan turunan pertama dan kedua fungsi dengan nilai maksimum, nilai minimum, selang
kemonotonan fungsi, kemiringan garis singgung serta titik belok dan selang kecekungan kurva fungsi trigonometri
6. Menjelaskan dan menentukan distribusi peluang binomial berkaitan dengan fungsi peluang binomial

Exponential Function
Dulu kita mengenal istilah bilangan eksponens atau bilangan berpangkat, apakah bilangan berpangkat dengan fungsi
ekponsial itu sama?? Perhatikan tabel berikut dan coba kalian pikirkan dimana perbedaanya?
Bilangan Eksponensial Fungsi Eksponensial
35 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥
𝑥6 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 + 1
1 7 1 𝑥
( 𝑥) 𝑦=( )
2 2
Sifat bilangan eksponen/ bilangan pangkat, dan akar
Bentuk pangkat Bentuk akar
𝑎 𝑛 = 𝑎⏟× 𝑎 × . .. × 𝑎 (𝑎 𝑚 )𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚.𝑛 𝑝 𝑚 𝑛
𝑛 𝑘𝑎𝑙 𝑎 𝑚.𝑛 = √ √𝑎 𝑝 , 𝑑𝑔𝑛 𝑎 ≥ 0

𝑎 0 = 1, 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛 𝑎 ≠ 0 (𝑎𝑏)𝑚 = 𝑎𝑚 . 𝑎 𝑛 𝑏 𝑛 = 𝑎 → 𝑏 = √𝑎
𝑛

1 𝑎 𝑚 𝑎𝑚 𝑛 𝑛
𝑝 √𝑎 ± 𝑞 √𝑎 = (𝑝 ± 𝑞) √𝑎
𝑛
𝑎 −𝑛 = ( ) = 𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛 𝑏 ≠ 0
𝑎𝑛 𝑏 𝑏
𝑚
𝑎𝑚 . 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛+𝑚 𝑛
𝑎 𝑛 = √𝑎𝑚 , 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛 𝑎 ≥ 0
𝑛 𝑛
√𝑎𝑏 = √𝑎 . √𝑏
𝑛

𝑎𝑚 𝑛𝑎 √𝑎
𝑛
= 𝑎𝑚−𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛 𝑎 ≠ 0 √ =𝑛
𝑎𝑛 𝑏 √𝑏

√𝑎 ± √𝑏 = √(𝑎 + 𝑏) ± √𝑎. 𝑏,

dengan 𝑎 > 𝑏
Sekawan dari :

√𝑎 ± √𝑏 = √𝑎 ∓ √𝑏
Persamaan Eksponensn :
Untuk 0 < 𝑎 < 1, 𝑎 ≠ 𝑏, 𝑎 < 𝑏 < 1, 𝑎, 𝑏 > 1
a. 𝑎 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑚 → 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑚
b. 𝑎 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑔(𝑥) → 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥)
c. 𝑎 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑓(𝑥) → 𝑓(𝑥) = 0
Pertidaksamaan Eskponen :
Syarat Bentuk Penyelesaian
𝑎>1 𝑎 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 𝑎 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑎 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 𝑎 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑎<1 𝑎 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 𝑎 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑎 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 𝑎 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 𝑔(𝑥)

Bentuk umum dari fungsi eksponenstial adalah :
𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥 dimana 𝑎 > 0 dan 𝑎 ≠ 1, a kita kenal dengan istilah basis
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑥 , 0 < 𝑎 < 1
Grafik Fungsi Eksponen : 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑥 , 𝑎 > 1
Sifat sifat fungsi eskponen :
a. Untuk 𝑎 > 1 merupakan fungsi monoton naik dan untuk 0 < 𝑎 < 1
merupakan fungsi monoyon turun,
b. Grafiknya selalu di atas sumbu X dan sumbu Y merupakan amsitot datar
c. Definit positif karena fungsi selalu bernilai positif
d. Memotong sumbu Koordinat di titk (0,1)
Fungsi eksponenstial jika digambarkan dalam grafik maka cirinya adalah dia akan meningkat secara tajam atau menurun
secara tajam. Kapankah hal tersebut terjadi :
• Pertubuhan (Growth)
𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥 akan mengalami kenaikan drastic syaratnya adalah nilai 𝑎 > 1
Contohnya : 𝑦 = 4𝑥
• Peluruhan (Decay)
𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥 akan mengalami penurunan secara drastis syaratnya adalah 0 < 𝑎 < 1
1 𝑥
Contoh : 𝑦 = ( )
3

Fungsi Logaritma :
Hubungan bilangan logaritma dan bilangan eksponen :
𝑎𝑏 = 𝑐 → 𝑎 log 𝑐 = 𝑏
Eksponen Logaritma
25 = 32 log 2 32 = 5
43 = 64 log 4 64 = 3
23 = 8 log 2 8 = 3
Grafik fungsi logaritma :
Sifat sifat fungsi logaritma 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦 = → 𝑎 log 𝑥
a. Untuk 𝑎 > 1 merupakan fungsi monoton naik dan untuk 0 < 𝑎 < 1
merupakan fungsi monoton turun
b. Grafinya selalu berada di sebelah kanan sumbu Y (terdefinisi untuk x>0)
c. Sumbu Y merupakan asimtot tegak
d. Memotong sumbu koordinat di titik (1,0)

Penerapan Fungsi Eksponen dalam kehidupan sehari hari :

Pertumbuhan bakteri :
𝑃𝑜 = jumlah bakteri mula mula
i = kemampuan bakteri membelah
n = periode pembelahan
𝑃𝑛 = jumlah bakteri setelah n periode :
𝑃1 = 𝑖 𝑃𝑜
𝑃2 = 𝑖 (𝑃1 ) → 𝑃2 = 𝑖 . (𝑖𝑃0 ) → 𝑃2 = 𝑖 2 𝑃0
𝑃3 = 𝑖 (𝑃2 ) → 𝑃3 = 𝑖 . (𝑖 2 𝑃0 ) → 𝑃3 = 𝑖 3 𝑃0 dengan demikian 𝑃𝑛 = 𝑖 𝑛 . 𝑃0
Pertumbuhan Penduduk
𝑃𝑜 = jumlah penduduk di awal
i = pertumbuhan penduduk setiap tahun
n = periode
𝑃𝑛 = jumlah penduduk pada tahun ke-n
𝑃1 = 𝑃0 + 𝑖 𝑃𝑜 → 𝑃1 = 𝑃0 (1 + 𝑖)
𝑃2 = 𝑃1 + 𝑖𝑃1 → 𝑃2 = 𝑃1 (1 + 𝑖) → 𝑃2 = 𝑃0 (1 + 𝑖)(1 + 𝑖) → 𝑃2 = 𝑃0 (1 + 𝑖)2
𝑃3 = 𝑃2 + 𝑖𝑃2 → 𝑃3 = 𝑃2 (1 + 𝑖) → 𝑃3 = 𝑃0 (1 + 𝑖)2 (1 + 𝑖) → 𝑃3 = 𝑃0 (1 + 𝑖)3 dengan demikian
𝑃𝑛 = 𝑃0 (1 + 𝑖)𝑛
Peluruhan/ Penyusutan barang
𝑃0 = harga / massa barang mula mula
i = besar penyusutan
𝑛 = periode penyusutan
𝑃𝑛 = harga/ massa barang setelah n periode
𝑃1 = 𝑃0 − 𝑖 𝑃𝑜 → 𝑃1 = 𝑃0 (1 − 𝑖)
𝑃2 = 𝑃1 − 𝑖𝑃1 → 𝑃2 = 𝑃1 (1 − 𝑖) → 𝑃2 = 𝑃0 (1 − 𝑖)(1 − 𝑖) → 𝑃2 = 𝑃0 (1 − 𝑖)2
𝑃3 = 𝑃2 + 𝑖𝑃2 → 𝑃3 = 𝑃2 (1 − 𝑖) → 𝑃3 = 𝑃0 (1 − 𝑖)2 (1 − 𝑖) → 𝑃3 = 𝑃0 (1 − 𝑖)3 dengan demikian
𝑃𝑛 = 𝑃0 (1 − 𝑖)𝑛

Soal Latihan :
1. Perhatikan gambar grafik fungsi ekponen berikut :
Persamaan grafik fungsi pada gambar adalah …

2. Persamaan grafik fungsi seperti tampak pada gambar adalah …

a. 𝑦 =2 log(𝑥 + 2)
b. 𝑦 =2 log(2𝑥 + 3)
1
c. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 −
2
d. 𝑦 =4 log(𝑥 + 2)
e. 𝑦 =4 log(2𝑥 + 3)

3. Penduduk kota Palembang mencapai 1,66 juta pada tahun 2020. Apabila jumlah penduduk meningkat dengan laju 3%
per tahun, maka penduduk di kota Palembang pada tahun 2025 diperkirakan sebanyak …
4. Pada pukul 05:00 pagi, massa suatu zat radioaktif adalah 2 kg. Apabila diketahui laju peluruhan zat radioaktif tersebut
sebesar 4% setiap jam, maka sisa zat radioaktif itu pada pukul 09:00 pagi adalah …
5. Suatu bahan radioaktif yang bermassa 250 gram mengalami reaksi kimia sehingga menyusut menjadi 15% dari massa
sebelumnya setiap 12 jam secara eksponensial. Massa bahan radioaktif tersebut setelah 4 hari sekitar …
6. Banyak penduduk suatu kota setiap tahun meningkat sekitar 1% dari banyak penduduk tahun sebelumnya.
Berdasarkan sensus penduduk tahun 2009, penduduk di kota tersebut sebanyak 100.000 orang. Hitunglah banyak
penduduk pada tahun 2020!
7. Kultur jaringan pada suatu uji laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa 1 bakteri dapat membelah menjadi 2 dalam waktu 2
jam. Diketahui bahwa, pada awal kultur jaringan tersebut terdapat 1.000 bakteri. Tentukan banyak bakteri setelah 20
jam!
8. Bakteri membela menjadi 2 bagian setiap 2 jam sekali. Jika pada pukul 07.00 Banyak bakteri 350 ekor, tentukan.
Banyak bakteri pada pukul 17.00 untuk hari yang sama yaitu…
9. Pada pukul 18.00 massa suatu zat radioaktif adalah 0,5 kg. Apabila laju peluruhan zat radioaktif tersebut 2% setiap
jam, hitunglah sisa zat radioaktif pada pukul 20.00!
10. Seorang karyawan pada bulan pertama ia masuk kerja di suatu perusahaan memperoleh gaji sebesar Rp3.000.000.
Setiap 4 bulan sekali, gajinya akan dinaikkan sebesar 2% dari gaji sebelumnya. Tentukan besar gaji perbulan seorang
karyawan setelah bekerja selama 3 tahun di perusahaan tersebut
11. Sebuah kendaraan roda empat dibeli dengan harga Rp.200.000.000. Jika setiap tahun harganya mengalami penurunan
20% dari nilai tahun sebelumnya, maka tentukanlah harga kendaraan roda empat itu setelah dipakai selama 5 tahun.
12. Populasi penduduk di suatu pulau setiap tahun bertambah 1/2 kali lipat. Jika populasi penduduknya saat ini 100.000
jiwa, maka 6 tahun yang akan datang populasinya sama dengan?
Jawab :
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 Vector :
Operasi Aljabar pada Vektor “
Vector adalah besaran yang mempunyai Panjang dan arah. Notasi dan Panjang vector diberikan sebagai berikut :
1. Vektor 𝑎⃗ pada 𝑅 2
𝑎1
𝑎⃗ = (𝑎1 , 𝑎2 ) = (𝑎 ) = 𝑎1 𝑖⃗ + 𝑎2 𝑗⃗
2

Panjang vector 𝑎⃗ adalah |𝑎⃗| = √𝑎12 + 𝑎22

2. Vektor 𝑎⃗ pada 𝑅 3
𝑎1
𝑎⃗ = (𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 ) = ( 2 ) = 𝑎1 𝑖⃗ + 𝑎2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑎3 𝑘⃗
𝑎
𝑎3
Panjang vector 𝑎⃗ adalah |𝑎⃗| = √𝑎12 + 𝑎22 + 𝑎32
Jika titik 𝐴(𝑎1 , 𝑎2 𝑎3 ) dan titik 𝐵(𝑏1 , 𝑏2 , 𝑏3 ) maka vector yang menghubungkan kedua titik tersebut adalah vector

𝑐⃗ = (𝑏1 − 𝑎1 , 𝑏2 − 𝑎2 , 𝑏3 − 𝑎3 ) dengan panjang vector 𝑐⃗ = √(𝑏1 − 𝑎1 )2 + (𝑏2 − 𝑎2 )2 + (𝑏3 − 𝑎3 )2

Jika vector 𝑎⃗ = (𝑎1 , 𝑎2 ) maka vector satuan dari 𝑎⃗ adalah :
𝑎⃗ 1 𝑎1
𝑒̂ = = (𝑎 )
|𝑎⃗| √𝑎 + 𝑎 2
2 2
1 2

Penjumlahan dan Pengurangan Vektor

Jika vector 𝑎⃗ = 𝑎1 𝑖⃗ + 𝑎2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑎3 𝑘⃗ dan 𝑏⃗ = 𝑏1 𝑖⃗ + 𝑏2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑏3 𝑘⃗ maka

𝑎⃗ ± 𝑏⃗ = (𝑎1 ± 𝑏1 , 𝑎2 ± 𝑏2 , 𝑎3 ± 𝑏3 )
Secara geometri penjumlahan vector 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗ = 𝑐⃗ dapat dilihat sebagai berikut “
a. Aturan Segitiga

Titik ujung vector 𝑎⃗ menjadi titik pangkal vector 𝑏⃗

b. Aturan Jajar Genjang

Titik pangkal vector 𝑎⃗ dan 𝑏⃗ harus berhimpit

Perkalian pada dua vector

a. Perkalian Skalar

Jika vector 𝑎⃗ = 𝑎1 𝑖⃗ + 𝑎2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑎3 𝑘⃗ , maka 𝑘𝑎⃗ = (𝑘𝑎1 , 𝑘𝑎2 , 𝑘𝑎3 ) dengan k adalah scalar
b. Perkalian Titik

Jika vector 𝑎⃗ = 𝑎1 𝑖⃗ + 𝑎2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑎3 𝑘⃗ , 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑏⃗ = 𝑏1 𝑖⃗ + 𝑏2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑏3 𝑘⃗ , maka 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗ = 𝑎1 𝑏1 + 𝑎2 𝑏2 + 𝑎3 𝑏3

Sifat Operasi Aljabar pada Vektor
Hubungan Dua Vektor
1. Dua Vektor Saling Tegak Lurus

Vektor 𝑎⃗ tegak lurus dengan vector 𝑏⃗ jika 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗ = 0

2. Dua Vektor Sejajar

Vektor 𝑎⃗ sejajar dengan vector 𝑏⃗ jika 𝑎⃗ = 𝛽𝑏

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑎 𝛽 ≠ 0, sedangkan untuk 𝛽 > 0 artinya dua vector saling

searah, untuk 𝛽 < 0 artinya dua vector saling berlawanan arah.

3. Sudut antara Dua Vektor

Jika vector 𝑎⃗(𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 ) dan vector 𝑏⃗(𝑏1 , 𝑏2 , 𝑏3 ), maka sudut yang terbentuk antara vector 𝑎⃗ dan vector 𝑏⃗ adalah :
𝑎⃗𝑏⃗ 𝑎1 𝑏1 +𝑎2 𝑏2 +𝑎3 𝑏3
cos 𝜃 = =
|𝑎⃗||𝑏⃗|
√𝑎12 +𝑎22 +𝑎32 .√𝑏12 +𝑏22 +𝑏32

Proyeksi
𝑎⃗.𝑏⃗
Panjang Vektor Proyeksi 𝑎⃗ pada 𝑏⃗ : |𝑐⃗| =
|𝑏⃗|

𝑎⃗.𝑏 ⃗
Vektor Proyeksi 𝑎⃗ pada vector 𝑏⃗ : |𝑐⃗| = ⃗ 𝑏⃗
|𝑏|

Teorema Faktor Pembagian Ruas Garis

Jika J adalah titik asal, 𝑎⃗ dan 𝑏⃗ masing masing adalah vector posisi titik 𝐻(𝑥ℎ , 𝑦ℎ , 𝑧ℎ ) dan
L(𝑥𝑖 , 𝑦𝑖 , 𝑧𝑖 ), titik K terletak pada garis HI dengan HK:KI = m:n
𝑚𝑖⃗+𝑛ℎ ⃗
a. Vektor posisi titik K : 𝑘⃗ =
𝑚+𝑛

b. Koordinat titik K : 𝑘⃗ = (𝑥𝑘 , 𝑦𝑘 , 𝑧𝑘 ) dengan

𝑚𝑥𝑘 +𝑛𝑥𝑘 𝑚𝑦𝑘 +𝑛𝑦𝑘 𝑚𝑧+𝑛𝑧𝑘
𝑥𝑘 = 𝑦𝑘 = 𝑦𝑘 =
𝑚+𝑛 𝑚+𝑛 𝑚+𝑛

Jika ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 dengan koordinat titik 𝐴(𝑥𝑎 , 𝑦𝑎 , 𝑧𝑎 ), 𝐵(𝑥𝑏 , 𝑦𝑏 , 𝑧𝑏 ), 𝐶(𝑥𝑐 , 𝑦𝑐 , 𝑧𝑐 ) maka koordinat titik berat segitiga adalah :
𝑆 = (𝑥𝑠 , 𝑦𝑠 , 𝑧𝑠 )
𝑥𝐴 +𝑥𝐵 +𝑥𝐶 𝑦𝐴 +𝑦𝐵 +𝑦𝐶 𝑧𝐴 +𝑧𝐵 +𝑧𝐶
Dengan : 𝑥𝑠 = 𝑦𝑠 = 𝑧𝑠 =
3 3 3

LATIHAN :
1. Vektor-vektor u, v dan w tidak nol dan |𝑢 | = |𝑣 | . Jika |𝑣 − 𝑤 | = |𝑢 − 𝑤| , maka :
a. 𝑢. 𝑣 = 𝑤
2𝑢+3𝑣
b. 𝑤 =
5

c. |𝑢 − 𝑤| = |𝑣 |
d. 𝑢 − 𝑣 tegak lurus w
e. 𝑢 + 𝑣 tegak lurus w
2. Diketahui vector 𝑢⃗ = (𝑎, −2, −1) dan 𝑣⃗ = (𝑎, 𝑎, −1). Jika vector 𝑢⃗ tegak lurus pada 𝑣⃗. Maka nilai a adalah ….
3. Vektor u, v dan x tidak nol. Vektor 𝑢 + 𝑣 tegak lurus 𝑢 − 𝑥, jika …
a. |𝑢 + 𝑣 | = |𝑢 − 𝑣 |
b. |𝑢 | = |𝑣 |
c. 𝑢. 𝑢 = 𝑣. 𝑣, 𝑣 = −𝑥
d. 𝑢. 𝑢 = 𝑣. 𝑣, 𝑣 = 𝑥
e. 𝑢. 𝑣 = 𝑣. 𝑢
4. Jika proyeksi vector 𝑢 = 3𝑖 + 4𝑗 ke vector 𝑣 = −4𝑖 + 8𝑗 adalah vector w, maka |𝑤⃗⃗ | adalah …

5. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , 𝑣 = 𝑇𝐵
Diberikan limas T.ABC. Misalkan 𝑢 = 𝑇𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , 𝑤 = 𝑇𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ . Jika P adalah titik berat ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 maka 𝑇𝑃
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ….
 1 4 3
6. Diketahui vector 𝑎 = ( 2 ) , 𝑏 = ( 4 ), dan 𝑐 = (−4). Jika 𝑎⃗ tegak lurus 𝑏⃗. Hasil dari 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗ − 2𝑐⃗ = ⋯
−3 𝑚 5
7. Diketahui titik 𝐴(6,4,7), 𝐵(2, −4,3) 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑃(−1,4,2). Titik R terletak pada garis AB sehingga 𝐴𝑅: 𝑅𝐵 = 3: 1. Panjang
vector PR adalah ….
8. Titik R adalah terletak di antara titik P(2,7,8) dan Q(-1,1,-1) yang membagi garis PQ di dalam perbandingan 2:1, maka
koordinat R adalah ….
−3 1
9. DIketahui 𝑝⃗ = ( 3 ) dan 𝑞⃗ = ( 3 ). Apabila 𝛼 adalah sudut yang dibentuk antara vector 𝑝 dan q, maka tan 𝛼= ….
0 −2
10. Diketahui |𝑎⃗|, |𝑏⃗| dan |𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗ | berturut turut adalah 4, 6 dan 2√19. Nilai dari |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗| = ⋯
Jawab :
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TRIGONOMETRI
 LATIHAN :

4𝜋 3𝜋
1. Diketahui 𝐴 + 𝐵 = dan 𝐴−𝐵 = . Nilai dari 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐵 = ⋯
3 2
5 3
2. DIketahui cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) = dan cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 = , A dan B sudut lancip, maka nilai dari tan 𝐴. tan 𝐵 = …
6 5

3. Nilai cos 1450 + cos 350 − cos 450 = ⋯

cos 1400 −𝑐𝑜𝑠1000
4. Nilai =⋯
sin 1400 −sin 1000

5. Himpunan penyelesaian persamaan cos 2𝑥 − 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 2 = 0 𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑘 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋 adalah …

6. Nilai x yang memenuhi persamaan 2 cos(2𝑥 − 600 ) = 1 𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑘 00 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1800 adalah ….
1
7. Jika 1 − cot 𝛼 = − , maka nilai dari sin 2𝛼 + cos 2𝛼 = ⋯
3

8. A dan B adalah titik- titik ujung sebuah terowongan yang dilihat dari C dengan sudut ACB = 450 . Jika Jarak CB = p dan
CA = 2𝑝√2, maka Panjang terowongan itu adalah …
 9. Himpunan penyelesaian persamaan 2 sin2 3𝑥 + 3 cos 3𝑥 = 0 untuk 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋 adalah …
10. Himpunan penyelesaian persamaan sin2 2𝑥 − 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 − 2 = 0 untuk 00 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3600 adalah …
11. Nilai yang memenuhi persamaan 2 sin(2𝑥 − 300 ) + √3 = 0 untuk 00 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1800 adalah …
12. Himpunan penyelesaian persamaan 2sin2 2𝑥 − 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 − 3 = 0 untuk 00 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3600 adalah …
Jawab :
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 Suku Banyak / Polynomial
Definisi
Bentuk umum : Suku banyak dalam x berderajat n dianyatakan sebagai :
𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 +. . . +𝑎2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎0
Dengan :
a. 𝑎𝑛 ≠ 0
b. n bilangan cacah
c. 𝑎𝑛 , 𝑎𝑛−1 , . . . , 𝑎2 , 𝑎1 , 𝑎0 adalah bilangan real yang merupakan koefisien suku banyak
d. 𝑥 𝑛 , 𝑥 𝑛−1 ,. . . , 𝑥 2 , 𝑥 merupakan variabel atau peubah
Nilai Suku banyak :
a. Cara subtitusi
Misalkan suku banyak 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 +. . . +𝑎2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎0
Nilai suku banyak 𝑓(𝑥) untuk x=k adalah 𝑓(𝑘) = 𝑎𝑛 𝑘 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑘 𝑛−1 +. . . +𝑎2 𝑘 2 + 𝑎1 𝑘 + 𝑎0
Cara Horner/ bangun/ skema/ sintetik
Misal, akan ditentukan nilai suku banyak 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 untuk 𝑥 = 𝑘 maka cara horner sebagai berikut :

𝑃𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑖 𝑘 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐

𝑎𝑘 𝑏𝑘 + 𝑎𝑘 2
+
𝑎 𝑏 + 𝑎𝑘 𝑎𝑘 2 + 𝑏𝑘 + 𝑐

Operasi Aljabar 𝐻𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑔𝑖 𝑆𝑖𝑠𝑎

1. Penjumlahan dan Pengurangan

Penjumlahan dan penguruangan antar suku banyak dilakkukan dengan cara menjumlahkan dan mengurangi koefisien
dari variabel yang berpangkat sama
2. Perkalian
Perkalian antarsuku banyak dilakukan denga mengalikan setiap suku dari suku banyak dengan suku banyak lainnya
3. Algoritma Pembagian Suku Banyak
Suku banyak 𝑓(𝑥) jika di bagi oleh 𝑝(𝑥) akan diperoleh hasil bagi ℎ(𝑥) dan sisa 𝑠(𝑥) maka algoritma pembagian suku
banyak, yaitu :
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑝(𝑥). ℎ(𝑥) + 𝑠(𝑥)
Derajat 𝑓(𝑥)= Derajat 𝑝(𝑥) + derajat ℎ(𝑥)
Jika suku banyak 𝑓(𝑥) berderajat n dan pembagi 𝑝(𝑥) berderajat m maka hasil baginya ℎ(𝑥) berderajat 𝑛 − 𝑚 dan
sisanhya 𝑠(𝑥) berderajat maksimum 𝑚 − 1
Teorema Sisa
Berdasarkan algoritma pembagian, maka diperoleh teorema sisa sebagai berikut :
1. Jika suku banyak 𝑓(𝑥) dibagi oleh 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏,
𝑏
2. Jika suku banyak 𝑓 (− ) = 𝑐, dimana 𝑐 adalah suatu konstanta.
𝑎

3. Jika suku banyak 𝑓(𝑥) dibagi oleh (𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 − 𝑏), maka sisanya adalah 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞. Nilai 𝑝 dan 𝑞 dapat dihitung dengan
eliminasi pada 𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑎𝑝 + 𝑞 dan 𝑓(𝑏) = 𝑏𝑝 + 𝑞
Teorema Faktor
1. (𝑥 − 𝑎) adalah factor dari suku banyak 𝑓(𝑥) jika dan hanya jika 𝑓(𝑎) = 0
𝑏
2. (𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏) adalah factor dari suku banyak 𝑓(𝑥) jika dan hanya jika 𝑓 ( ) = 0
𝑎
 3. Jika suku banyak 𝑓(𝑥) dibagi (𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 − 𝑏) maka sisanya adalah 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞. Nilai 𝑝 dan 𝑞 dapat dihitung dengan
eliminasi pada 𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑎𝑝 + 𝑞 dan 𝑓(𝑏) = 𝑏𝑝 + 𝑞

LATIHAN :
1. Suku banyak berderajat 3, jika dibagi (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3) bersisa (3𝑥 − 4), jika dibagi (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2) bersisa (2𝑥 + 3). Suku
banyak tersebut adalah …
2. Salah satu factor dari suku banyak 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 6, yaitu (𝑥 + 2). Faktor linear yang lainnya adalah …
3. DIketahui (𝑥 − 2) dan (𝑥 − 1) adalah factor factor suku banyak 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 + 𝑏 Jika akar akar
persamaan suku banyak tersebut adalah 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑥3 untuk 𝑥1 > 𝑥2 > 𝑥3 , maka nilai dari 𝑥1 − 𝑥2 − 𝑥3 = ⋯
4. Sisa pembagian suku banyak 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 3 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞 oleh (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2) adalah 2𝑥 − 3. Nilai 𝑝 − 𝑞 adalah …
5. Suku banyak (𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6) dibagi oleh (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2) sisanya sama dengan ….
6. Suu banyak 𝐹(𝑥) dibagi oleh (𝑥 3 − 𝑥)memberikan sisa (3𝑥 + 1), sedangkan dibagi oleh (𝑥 2 + 𝑥)sisanya (1 − 𝑥) . Sisa
pembagian 𝐹(𝑥) oleh (𝑥 2 − 1) adalah …
7. Suku banyak 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 + 3 dibagi oleh 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3 sisanya adalah …
8. Salah satu factor suku banyak 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 − 15𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 𝑛 adalah (𝑥 + 2). Faktor lainnya adalah …
9. Diketahui (𝑥 − 2) adalah factor suku banyak 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 − 2. Jika 𝑓(𝑥) dibagi (𝑥 + 3), maka sisa
pembagiannya adalah -50. Nilai (𝑎 + 𝑏)= …
10. Suk banyak 𝑓(𝑥) jika dibagi (𝑥 − 1) bersisa, jika dibagi (𝑥 − 2) bersisa 3. Suatu suku banyak 𝑔(𝑥) jika dibagi (𝑥 − 1)
bersisa 5 jika dibagi (𝑥 − 2) bersisa 4. Jika 𝐻(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥). 𝑔(𝑥) maka sisa pembagian 𝐻(𝑥) oleh (𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2) adalah
…
Jawab :
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 TURUNAN FUNGSI TRIGONOMETRI

Materi ada di LKPD kalian masing masing silahkan dibuka kembali ya !

LATIHAN :
3
1. Turunan pertama dari 𝑓(𝑥) = √sin2 3𝑥 adalah 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = ⋯
sin 𝑥
2. Turunan pertama dari 𝑓(𝑥) = adalah …
sin 𝑥+cos 𝑥

3. Nilai maksimum dari 𝑦 = 4 sin 𝑥 sin(𝑥 − 600 ) dicapai saat nilai x = …

𝜋
4. Jika 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 . sin(5𝑥) maka 𝑓 ′ ( ) = …
3

5. Sebuah partikel bergerak mengikuti sebuah lintasan yang dinyatakan dengan rumus 𝑠 = 6 cos 3𝑡 + sin2 𝑡 + 𝑡 2 + 5
𝜋
dimana s dalam m dan t dalam s. Maka kecepatan setelah 𝑡 = 𝑠 adalah …
2

6. Sebuah bola bergerak melingkar dengan kedudukan bola pada waktu t dengan persamaan posisi bola 𝜃(𝑡) = 2 sin 2𝑡.
Maka kecepatan sudur maksumum bola adalah …
1
7. Sebuah partikel bergerak meninggalkan titik asal yang jaraknya dinyatakan dengan 𝑗 = 5 sin 4𝑡 + cos 2 𝑡 + 𝑡 2 + 6
4
𝜋
dimana j dalam m dan t dalam s. Maka percepatan partikel saat 𝑡 = s adalah ….
8
1
8. Suatu gelombang bergerak mengikuti model : 𝑦 = cos 4𝑡 − 2 sin 4𝑡 dimana y dalam m dan t dalam s. Maka kecepatan
2
𝜋
saat 𝑡 = s adalah …
2
1 1
9. Diketahui lingkaran dengan pusat 𝑂 dan 𝑑 = 𝐴𝐵, 𝑟 = 2𝑐𝑚. Titik P tereletak pada lingkaran dengan ∠𝑃𝑂𝐵 = 𝜃
2 2

radian. Misalkan juga luas arsiran adalah S, maka nilai 𝜃 yang membuat S minimum adalah …
10. Sebuah talang air terbuat dari lembaran seng yang lebarnya 30cm dengan cara melipat lebarnya menjadi 3 bagian yang
sama, seperti terlihat pada gambar di bawha ini. Maka nilai 𝜃 yang memenuhi agar volume air yang tertampung
maskimum adalh …
Jawab :
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 BINOMIAL

Materi ada di LKPD kalian masing masing silahkan dibuka kembali ya !

LATIHAN :

1. Seorang ahli medis menyatakan bahwa sebesar 5% pasiennya mengalami efek samping dari konsumi obat paru paru
yang terbaru. jIka diambil uji 20 sampel yang diujikan tentukan probabilitas binomial bahwa :
a. Kurang dari 5 orang mengalami efek samping
b. Paling banyak 3 orang mengalami efek samping
c. 12 orang mengalami efek samping
d. Lebih dari 8 orang mengalami gejala efek samping
2. Bank menggunakan distribusi binomial untuk memodelkan probabilitas bahwa sejumlah transaksi kartu kredit adalah
penipuan. Misalkan diketahui bahwa 2% dari semua transaksi kartu kredit di wilayah tertentu adalah penipuan. Jika
ada 50 transaksi per hari di wilayah tertentu, maka tentukan probabilitas binomial bahwa :
a. 10 transaksi merupakan transaksi penipuan
b. Kurang dari 5 adalah transaksi penipuan
c. Lebih dari 7 adalah transaksi penipuan
3. Perusahaan surat menggunakan distribusi binomial untuk memodelkan probabilitas bahwa sejumlah email spam
masuk ke kotak masuk per hari. Diketahui bahwa 4% dari semua email adalah spam. Dengan menggunakan aplikasi
baru diperoleh bahwa dari 100 email dalam satu hari ternyata diperoleh 2 email adalah spam. Ujilah dengan uji
hipotesis apakah aplikasi yang baru efektif dalam memfilter spam dengan taraf signifikansi 5% !
4. Sistem bendungan menggunakan distribusi binomial untuk memodelkan kemungkinan sungai meluap beberapa kali
setiap tahun karena hujan yang berlebihan. Jika petugas bendungan mengatakan bahwa peluang sungai meluap
karena hujan badai kurang dari 30%, Dari catatannya diperoleh bahwa dari 24 hujan badai yang terjadi selama 6 bulan
terkahir, sungai meluap sebanyak 10 kali, dengan taraf signifikansi 10%, Ujilah dengan hipotesis binomial apakah
informasi dari petugas bendungan masih berlaku?

Jawab :

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 Daftar Pustaka :

https://www.dosenmatematika.co.id/menyelesaikan-soal-cerita-tentang-pertumbuhan/ Pitri sundari / 3 Februari 2023

https://www.sheetmath.com/2020/10/soal-pertumbuhan-dan-peluruhan-sma-kelas-10.html / Akulin Giyai/ 1 oktober
2020
https://id.pinterest.com/pin/778770960579246614/
https://instagram.com/naebiula?igshid=1mpnjdqt62hwm
https://youtu.be/NrPIICXCON4 / Justin Leonardo, 7 november 2021
https://www.statology.org/binomial-distribution-real-life-examples/ zach/ 3 maret 2021