SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 4541/3A

CHEMISTRY

MODUL PRAKTIS AMALI KIMIA

Modul amali kimia

KANDUNGAN: m/s

ELECTROCHEMISTRY (TYPE OF ELECTROD) 2

ELETROLISIS ( JENIS ELEKTROD)

ACID AND BASE (PROPERTOES OF THE OXIDES IN PERIOND 3) 5

ASID DAN BASE (SIFAT OKSIDA DALAM KALA 3)

ACID AND BASE (NEUTRALISATION) 9

ASID DAN BASE (PENUTRALAN)

CARBON COMPOUNDS 13
SEBATIAN KARBON

THERMOCHEMISTRY (HEAT OF DISPLACEMENT) 16

TERMOKIMIA (HABA PENYESARAN)

ANSWER 22
JAWAPAN

ELECTROCHEMISTRY (TYPE OF ELECTROD)

ELETROLISIS ( JENIS ELEKTROD)

1
 Answer all questions
Jawab semua soalan

1. You are required to carry out the experiment. to determine the effect of type of
electrode used on the selection of ion to be discharged at anode.

Anda dikehendaki menjalankan eksperimen elektrolisis untuk mengkaji kesan jenis

elektrod yang digunakan terhadap pemilihan ion untuk dinyahcas pada elektrod
anod.

Base on the list of apparatus below, chose the apparatus that suitable to used in the
experimant.

Berdasarkan senarai radas dibawah, pilih alat radas yang sesuai yang boleh
digunakan dalam eksperimen tersebut

Number Apparatus and Material Quantity Check

Bilangan Radas dan Bahan Kuantiti Semakan
Beaker (100 ml)
1 2
Bikar ( 100 ml)
2 Conical flask/ Kelalang kon 250 cm3 2
Klip buaya dengan wayar penyambung (30 cm)
3 4
Crocodile clip with connecting wires (30 cm)
Kertas pasir halus (70 mm x 50 mm)
4 1
Sand paper (70 mm x 50 mm)
Tabung uji (16 mm x 125 mm)
5 1
Test tube (16 mm x 125 mm)
Kepingan kuprum (8 cm)
6 2
Copper electrode (8 cm)
Elektrod karbon (8 cm)
7 2
Carbon electrode (8cm)
Larutan CuSO4 (1.0 mol dm-3)
8 100 cm3
Copper (II) sulphate solution
Sodium hydroxide solution/ Larutan natrium
9 100 cm3
hidroksida, NaOH 0.1 mol/dm3
10 Pipette/ Pipet 25 cm3 1
Bateri (saiz A)
11 2
Battery (size A)
Pemegang bateri
12 2 set
Battery holder

a) Base on apparatus that suitable to used, draw the set-up of apparatus for the
experiment to determine the effect of type of electrode used on the selection of ion to
be discharged at anode .

2
 Berdasarkan bahan dan radas yang sesuai yang di pilih, lukiskan susunan bahan
dan radas berfungsi bagi eksperimen tersebut yang digunakan untuk mengkaji kesan
jenis elektrod yang digunakan terhadap pemilihan ion untuk dinyahcas pada elektrod
anod.
[2 marks/2 markah]

After carry an experiment for 15 minutes.

Selepas menjalankan eksperimen selama 15 minit.

b) (i) State all ions present.

Nyatakan semua ion yang hadir.

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[1mark/1 markah]

(ii) Record all your observation on anode of each cell in the table given below.
Rekodkan semua pemerhatian pada anod bagi setiap sel dalam jadual yang
disediakan di bawah..

Elektrod Ions are selected to Half equatian Pemerhatian Inferens

Electrode be discas Persamaan setengah Observation Inference
Ion yang dipilih untuk
di nyah cas

Anod
Anode

[4 marks/ 4 markah]

(c) State the colour change of the copper (II) sulphate solution in the experiment. Explain
your answer.
Nyatakan perubahan warna larutan kuprum (II) sulfat dalam eksperimen tersebut.
Jelaskan jawapan anda.

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[2 marks/ 2 markah]

(d) (i) If experimen is repeated with the copper electrodes being replaced by carbon
electrodes, state the name of products form at anod.
Jika eksperimen diulangi dengan menggantikan elektrod kuprum dengan elektrod
karbon, namakan hasil yang terbentuk di anod.
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[1mark/ 1 markah]

(ii) Describe a chemical test to identify the products at (d)(i)

Huraikan ujian kimia untuk mengenalpasti hasil di (d)(i)
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...

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[2 marks/ 2 markah]

ACID AND BASE (PROPERTOES OF THE OXIDES IN PERIOND 3)

ASID DAN BASE (SIFAT OKSIDA DALAM KALA 3)

Answer all questions

Jawab semua soalan

4
R, M, and T are elements in period 3 in Periodic Table. Each element formed the oxide
metal with formulae R2O3 , MO and TO2 . All the oxide metal is white powder at room
temperature.
R, M, T ialah unsur kala 3 dalam Jadual Berkala . Setiap unsur membentuk oksida logam
dengan formula R2O3, MO dan TO2. Semua oksida ogam ini merupakan serbuk putih pada
suhu bilik.

a) Suggest the element R, M and T

Cadangkan unsur R, M dan T. [3 marks / 3markah]

R: ……………………………………………

M: …………………………………………..

T: ……………………………………………

The list of apparatus below can be used to study the properties of the oxides of element in
periud 3.
Senarai bahan dan radas di bawah boleh digunakan untuk menjalankan eksperimen untuk
mengkaji sifat oksida bagi unsur dalam kala 3.

Number Apparatus and Material Quantity Check

Bilangan Radas dan Bahan Kuantiti Semakan
1 Test tube
6 unit
Tabung uji
2 Test tube holder
1 unit
Rak tabung uji
3 Measuring cylinder
2 unit
Silinder penyukat 5 cm3
4 Spatula 3 unit
5 R2O3 oxide
50 gm
Oksida R2O3
6 MO oxide
50 gm
Oksida MO
7 TO2 oxide
50 gm
oksida TO2
Sodium hydroxide solution
8 Larutan Natrium hidroksida 20 cm3
NaoH 2 mol dm-3
9 Nitric acid
20 cm3
Asid nitrik, HNO3 2 mol dm-3

Diagram shows the set-up of apparatus to dissolved the R2O3 oxide in the sodium hydroxide
solution and nitric asid. Observed the reaction.
Rajah menunjukkan susunan radas untuk melarutkan oksida R2O3 yang diberikan ke dalam
larutan natrium hidroksida dan asid nitrik. Perhatikan tindak balas yang berlaku

5
 R2O3 oxide
Oksida R2O3

sodium hydroxide solution nitric asid.

larutan natrium hidroksida asid nitrik

b) Base on diagram and list of apparatus, write the procedure to carry out this
experiment
Berdasarkan gambarajah serta senarai bahan dan radas, tulis langkah bagi
menjalankan eksperimen ini.

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[5marks/5markah]

c) State the variables of the experiment.

Nyatakan pembolehubah bagi eksperimen ini.

i) Manipulated variable:
Dimanipulasi :

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 ………………………………………………………………………………………..
ii) Responding variable:
Bergerakbalas :

………………………………………………………………………………………..
iii) Constant variable:
Dimalarkan :

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks/3 markah]
d) State the hypothesis of the experiment.
Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

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.
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[1 mark/1 markah]

e) Classify the oxide into basic, acid or amfoteric.

Kelaskan semua oksida logamberdasarkan sifat bes, asid dan amfoterik.

Base Amphoteric Acid

Bes Amfoterik Asid

[3 markah]

f) Complate the table of observetion below when R2O3, MO and TO2 when react with
sodium hydroxide solution and nitric acid.
Lengkapkan jadual pemerhatian dibawah apabila R2O3, MO dan TO2 bertindakbalas
dengan larutan natrium hidroksida dan asid nitrik.

Observation

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 Pemerhatian
Type of oxide Sodium hydroxide solution Nitric acid
Jenis oksida Larutan natrium hidroksida Asid nitrik

R2O3

MO

TO2

[6 marks/ 6markah]

g) Write the equation for the reaction between MO with Nitric acid
Tuliskan persamaan bagi tindakbalas antara MO dengan asid nitrik.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 markah]
h) State the operational definition for the amphoteric for this experiment.

Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi amfoterik dalam eksperimen ini.

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[1 mark /1 markah]

ACID AND BASE (NEUTRALISATION)

ASID DAN BASE (PENUTRALAN)

Answer all questions

Jawab semua soalan

8
In this experiment you are required to determine the volume 0.1 mol dm-3 of hydrochloric
acid by titrating with 25.0 cm3 0.1 mol dm-3 of sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH.

Dalam eksperimen ini, anda dikehendaki untuk menentukan isipadu asid hidroklorik, HCl 0.1
mol dm-3 melalui pentitratan dengan menggunakan 25.0 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida,
NaOH 0.1 mol dm-3.

You are given the list of apparatus for experiment that will be conducted.

Anda diberikan senarai bahan dan radas bagi eksperimen yang akan anda jalankan.

Number Apparatus and Material Quantity Check

Bilangan Radas dan Bahan Kuantiti Semakan
1 Burette/ Buret 1
2. Pipette/ Pipet 25 cm3 1
4. Pipette filler/ Penyedut /Pengisi pipet 1
5. Retort stand with clamp/ Kaki retort dengan 1 set
pengapit
6. White tile/ Jubin putih 1
7. Conical flask/ Kelalang kon 250 cm3 1
8. Filter funnel/ Corong turas 1
9. Measuring cyclinder/ Silinder penyukat 50 1
cm3
10. Table white cloth/ Kain lap meja 1
11 Hydrochloric acid/ Asid hidroklorik, HCl 0.1 100 cm 3
mol/dm3
(label R2)
12. Sodium hydroxide solution/ Larutan natrium 150 cm 3
hidroksida, NaOH 0.1 mol/dm3 (label R1)
13 Phenophthalein indicator/ Penunjuk
fenolftalein

a) Base on apparatus that suitable to used, draw the set up the apparatus for the
experiment to determine the volume 0.1 moldm-3 of hydrochloric acid by titrating with
25.0 cm3 0.1 moldm-3 of sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH
Berdasarkan kepada senarai bahan dan radas yang dipilih, lukiskan susunan radas
bagi eksperimen untuk menentukan isipadu asid hidroklorik, HCl 0.1 moldm-3 melalui
pentitratan dengan menggunakan 25.0 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida, NaOH 0.1
moldm-3.

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 [2 marks/2 markah]

b) Write the procedure to carry out this experiment

Tuliskan langkah bagi menjalankan eksperimen ini. [6marks/6markah]

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c) (i) predict volume of R2 solution for each consentration of acid in table below.
Ramalkan isi padu larutan R2 yang digunakan bagi setiap kepekatan asid
berikut dalam jadual dibawah

Eksperimen Bilangan titratan

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 Concentration of acid 0.05 0.1 0.5
Kepekatan asid
Volume of asid use 25 cm3
Isipadu asid yang digunakan (cm3)
[2marks/2markah]

d) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide solution and
hydrochloric acid.

Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara larutan natrium hidroksida dan asid
hidroklorik.

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.
[2marks /2markah]

e) What is the colour change at the end point?

Apakah perubahan warna pada takat akhir?

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[1mark /1 markah]

f) State the operational definition for the end point in this experiment.

Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi takat akhir eksperimen ini.

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[1 mark / 1 markah]

g) (i) If R2 solution is replaced with 0.1 moldm-3 sulphuric acid, H2SO4, the volume of
sulphuric acid needed to neutralise 25.0 cm3 of R1 solution in this experiment is
12.5 cm3 . Explain why?

Jika larutan R2 digantikan dengan asid sulfurik, H2SO4, 0.1 moldm-3, isipadu asid
sulfurik, yang diperlukan untuk meneutralkan 25.0 cm3 larutan R1 dalam

11
eksperimen ini adalah 12.5 cm3. Jelaskan mengapa?

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[1mark/1markah]

CARBON COMPOUNDS
SEBATIAN KARBON

Answer all questions

Jawab semua soalan

12
Diagram below shows the set up of apparatus to identify two different type of hydrocarbon
solution.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengenalpasti dua jenis larutan
hidrokarbon yang berbeza.

potassium manganate (VII) solution

larutan kalium manganat (VII) berasid.

hexane hexene
Heksana. Heksena.

a) All changes that occur are record in the table below.

State the inferences for each observation.
Rekodkan semua pemerhatian bagi eksperimen dalam jadual yang disediakan.
Nyatakan inferens bagi semua pemerhatian.

Chemical Test Observation Inference

Ujian Kimia Pemerhatian Inferens
(a) Pour 2 cm of hexane solution into a
3

test tube. Add 2-3 drops of acidified

potassium manganate (VII) solution
into the test tube. Shake the mixture.
Tuangkan 2 cm3 larutan heksana ke
dalam sebuah tabung uji. Titiskan 2-3
titik larutan kalium manganat (VII)
berasid. Goncangkan campuran.
(b) Pour 2 cm3of hexene solution into a
test tube. Add 2-3 drops of acidified
potassium manganate (VII) solution
into the test tube. Shake the mixture.
Tuangkan 2 cm3 larutan heksana ke
dalam sebuah tabung uji. Titiskan 2-3
titik larutan kalium manganat (VII)
berasid. Goncangkan campuran.
[4 marks/4 Markah]
b) State the variables of the experiment.
Nyatakan pembolehubah bagi eksperimen ini.

i) Manipulated variable:

13
 Dimanipulasi :
………………………………………………………………………………………..
ii) Responding variable:
Bergerakbalas :
………………………………………………………………………………………..
iii) Constant variable:
Dimalarkan :
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks / 3 markah]

c) State the hypothesis of the experiment.

Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.
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[1 mark/1 markah]

d) Based on the chemical test, identify the homologous series for the R1 solution and
R2 solution:
Berdasarkan ujian kimia, kenal pasti siri homolog larutan R1 dan R2:

R1 : …………………………………………………………………………………………

R2 : ……………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks/2 Markah]

e) (i) Draw the structure formula of R2

Lukis formula struktur bagi R2.
[1 marks/1 Markah]

(ii) Draw two isomer structure for isomer R2 and name the two isomer.
Lukis dua formula struktur bagi isomervR2 dan namakan isomer tersebut.
[4 marks/4 Markah]

14
THERMOCHEMISTRY (HEAT OF DISPLACEMENT)
TERMOKIMIA (HABA PENYESARAN)

Answer all questions

Jawab semua soalan

15
You are provided with :

Anda dibekalkan dengan:

Number Apparatus and Material Quantity Check

Bilangan Radas dan Bahan Kuantiti Semakan
polystyrene cup / 2
1
cawan polistirena
measuring cylinder 50cm3 / 1
2
silinder penyukat 50cm3
Thermometer, 100 oC / 1
3
Termometer 100 oC
electronic weighing/
4
penimbang elektronik
0.2 mol dm-3 copper (II) sulphate solution CuSO4 labelled
5 R1/
0.2 mol dm-3 kuprum(II) sulfat, CuSO4 yang berlabel R1
Zinc powder labelled R2
6
Serbuk zink berlabel R2
Magnesium powder labelled R3
7
Serbuk magnesium berlabel R3

You are required to conduct an experiment by using the following procedure:

Anda dikehendaki menjalankan eksperimen ini mengikut kaedah berikut:

1. Measure 50 cm3 0.2 mol dm-3 copper (II) sulphate solution CuSO4 solution using a
measuring cylinder and pour it into a polystyrene cup.

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 Sukat 50 cm3 larutan 0.2 mol dm-3 kuprum (II) sulfat, CuSO4 menggunakan silinder
penyukat dan dituangkan ke dalam cawan polistirena.

2. Leave the polystyrene cup cointaning the solution on a table for five minutes.
Tinggalkan cawan polistirena tersebut di atas meja selama lima minit.

3. After five minutes, measure and record the initial temperature of copper (II) sulphate
solution solution using the 100 oC thermometer
Selepas lima minit, ukur dan rekodkan suhu awal R1menggunakan termometer
100oC

4. Weigh 1 g of Zinc powder using a electronic weighing

Timbang 1g serbuk zink menggunakan penimbang elektronik

5. Pour Zinc powder quickly and carefully into the copper (II) sulphate solution CuSO4
solution
Tuangkan serbuk zink dengan cepat dan cermat ke dalam larutan kuprum(II) sulfat,
CuSO4

6. Stir the mixture using the thermometer while observing the change in its temperature
Kacau campuran menggunakan termometer dan perhatikan perubahan suhunya

7. Record the highest temperature of the mixture

Catatkan suhu tertinggi campuran

8. Repeat steps 1 to 7 using Zinc powder to replace Magnesium powder

Ulang langkah 1 hingga langkah 7 dengan menggantikan serbuk zink dengan serbuk
magnesium.

a) Draw the set up the apparatus for the experiment to determine the heat of
displacement of copper

Lukiskan susunan radas bagi eksperimen untuk mengkaji haba penyesaran bagi
kuprum
[2 marks/2 markah]

Based on the experiment, answer all the following questions:

Berdasarkan eksperimen yang dijalankan, jawab soalan-soalan berikut:

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Initial temperature reading of R1 highest temperature reading of R1 and R2
Bacaan suhu awal larutan R1 (oC) bacaan suhu tertinggi campuran larutan R1 dan R2 (oC)

30 40

20 30

Initial temperature reading of R1 (oC) highest temperature reading of R1 and R3 (oC)

Bacaan suhu awal larutan R1 (oC) bacaan suhu tertinggi campuran larutan R1 dan R3 (oC)

30
50

20
40

b) Base on diagram, Complete the table above for the changes of temperature.
Berdasarkan pada rajah, lengkapkan jadual di bawah bagi perubahan suhu dalam
eksperimen di atas.

Materials Initial temperature of R1 Highest temperature

Bahan Suhu Awal larutan R1 (oC) Suhu Tertinggi campuran (oC)

R1 solution and R2
Larutan R1 dan R2

R1 solution and R3
Larutan R1 dan R3
[4 marks/ 4 markah]

c) Based on the table above, state the inference of the reaction

Berdasarkan jadual di atas, nyatakan inferens bagi tindak balas

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 ............................................................................................................................
[1mark /1 markah]

d) State two other observations in this experiment apart from the changes in
temperature
Nyatakan dua pemerhatian dalam eksperimen ini selain daripada perubahan suhu

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[2marks /2 markah]

e) State the hypothesis for this experiment.

Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

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[1mark /1 markah]

f) Based on experiment, give the operational definition of Heat of Displacement

Berdasarkan eksperimen, berikan definisi secara operasi bagi Haba Penyesaran.

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[1 mark / 1 markah]

g) Write the chemical equations for the reaction between zinc and copper (II) sulphate
solution.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara Zink dan larutan Kuprum (II)
Sulfat.

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[2 marks /2 markah]

h) For the displacement reaction between zinc and copper (II) sulphate solution,
calculate:
Dalam tindak balas penyesaran antara Zink dan larutan Kuprum (II) sulfat,
hitungkan:

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 (i) The total heat energy released in the reaction.
(Heat capacity of solution = 4.2 Kg-10C-1, density of solution=1.0gcm-3 )
Jumlah tenaga haba yang terbebas dalam tindak balas.
(Muatan Haba Tentu larutan = 4.2 Kg-10C-1, ketumpatan larutan=1.0gcm-3)

[2 marks /2 markah]

(ii) The number of moles of copper displaced

Bilangan mol kuprum yang disesarkan

[1 mark /1 markah]

(iii) The total heat energy released when one mole of copper is displaced by zinc
and deduce the heat of diaplacement of copper by zinc
Jumlah tenaga haba yang dibebaskan apabila 1 mol kuprum disesarkan oleh
zink dan deduksikan haba penyesaran kuprum oleh zink.

[2 marks /2 markah]

i) Draw the energy level diagram for the displacement of copper by zinc
Lukis gambarajah aras tenaga bagi penyesaran kuprum oleh zink
[2 marks /2 markah]

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j) State two precautions to be taken in this experiment.
Nyatakan dua langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu di ambil dalam eksperimen ini.

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[2 marks /2 markah]

k) Predict the change in temperaturee if displacement experiment for zinc using copper
(II) sulphate solution with same volume but the concentration is reduce to 0.1 mol
dm-3
Ramalkan perubahan suhu jika eksperimen penyesaran bagi zink dengan
menggunakan larutan kuprum(II) sulfat yang sama isi padu tetapi kepekatanya
dikurangkan kepada 0.1 mol dm-3

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[1mark /1 markah]

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