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PENGARUH PAPARAN ASAP TEMBAKAU DI LINGKUNGAN DAN

STATUS GIZI KURANG PADA BALITA TERHADAP RISIKO
KEJADIAN PNEUMONIA: META ANALISIS

TESIS
Untuk Memenuhi Sebagian Persyaratan Mencapai Derajat Magister
Program Studi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Minat Utama
Promosi dan Perilaku Kesehatan

Oleh :

ATIKA DWI MINAWATI

NIM. S022202011

SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
2023

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DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

HALAMAN SAMPUL ....................................................................................... i

HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN........................................................................... ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................... iii
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN DAN PERSYARATAN
PUBLIKASI....................................................................................................... iv
KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................... .v
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................ vii
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ viii
DAFTRA ISI...................................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................. xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN..................................................................................... xiv
DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................... xv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A.Latar Belakang ........................................................................................ 1
B.Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................... 4
C.Tujuan Penelitian..................................................................................... 4
1. Tujuan Umum ..................................................................................... 4
2. Tujuan Khusus .................................................................................... 4
D. Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................................. 4
1. Manfaat Teoritik ................................................................................. 4
2. Manfaat Metodologis .......................................................................... 4
3. Manfaat Aplikatif ................................................................................ 4

BAB II LANDASAN TEORI

A. Tinjauan Pustaka ...................................................................................... 5
1. Paparan Asap Tembakau ..................................................................... 5
a. Definisi ............................................................................................ 5
b. Karbon Monoksida.......................................................................... 6
c. Nikotin ............................................................................................ 7
d. Tar ................................................................................................... 7
e. Efek Paparan Asap Tembakau ........................................................ 8
2. Status Gizi Buruk .................................................................................. 10
a. Definisi ............................................................................................ 10
b. Pendidikan....................................................................................... 10
c. Perilaku ........................................................................................... 11
d. Ketidaktahuan ................................................................................. 11
e. Pola Makan ..................................................................................... 11
f. Sosial Ekonomi................................................................................ 12
1. Pneumonia ............................................................................................. 13
a. Definisi ............................................................................................ 13

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b. Patofisologi Pneumonia .................................................................. 13

c. Penyebab Pneumonia ...................................................................... 14
d. Klasifikasi Pneumonia .................................................................... 16
2. Balita ..................................................................................................... 17
3. Meta Analisis ........................................................................................ 18
a. Definisi Systematic Riview dan Meta Analisis............................... 18
b. Prinsip Systematic Riview .............................................................. 19
c. Prinsip Meta Analisis ..................................................................... 20
d. Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Meta Analisis .................................... 21
e. Pelaporan Meta Analisis ................................................................ 22
A. Penelitian Relevan ................................................................................... 26
B. Kebaharuan Penelitian………………………………………………….33
C. Hipotesis Penelitian ................................................................................. 33
D. Kerangka Berpikir ................................................................................... 34

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN

A. Desain Penelitian ..................................................................................... 35
B. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ................................................................. 35
C. Langkah Meta Analisis ............................................................................ 35
D. Strategi Pencarian Data Base .................................................................. 36
E. Langkah Penelitian .................................................................................. 39
F. Definisi Operasional Variabel ................................................................. 40
G. Instrumen Penelitian Penelitian ............................................................... 40
H. Analisis Data Penelitian .......................................................................... 40

BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN

A. Hasil Pencarian Penelitian ....................................................................... 41
B. Gambaran Wilayah Penelitian ................................................................. 42
C. Penilaian Kualitas Penelitian ................................................................... 48
D. Hasil Penelitian........................................................................................ 50
1. Pengaruh Paparan Asap Tembakau Terhadap Kejadian Pneumonia
a. Ringkasan Artikel ............................................................................. 50
b. Forest Plot .................................................................................... 51
c. Funnel Plot .................................................................................... 52
2. Pengaruh Status Gizi Kurang Terhadap Kejadian Pneumonia
a. Ringkasan Artikel ............................................................................. 53
b. Forest Plot .................................................................................... 54
c. Funnel Plot .................................................................................... 55

BAB V PEMBAHASAN
A. Pembahasan ............................................................................................. 56
1. Pengaruh Paparan Asap Tembakau TerhadapKejadian Pneumonia...56
2. Pengaruh Status Gizi Kurang Terhadap Kejadian Pneumonia………57

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BAB VI PENUTUP
A. Kesimpulan .............................................................................................. 59
B. Saran ........................................................................................................ 60
1. Penelitian Selanjutnya ........................................................................ 60
2. Tenaga Kesehatan ............................................................................... 60
3. Pemegang Kebijakan .......................................................................... 60

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................... 61

LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................ 66

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