Statistik 2

Factorial Experiments
Capaian Pembelajaran
▪ Mampu menentukan tujuan sebuah pengamatan untuk pengolahan
data menggunakan metode desain eksperimen.
▪ Mampu menemukan variabel-variabel amatan yang tepat untuk
pengolahan data menggunakan desain eksperimen.
▪ Mampu menerapkan metode desain eksperimen untuk menemukan
pengaruh suatu factor terhadap objek amatan.
▪ Mampu menafsirkan hasil pengolahan data menggunakan metode
desain eksperimen.

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How we design the experiment will affect and relates to
how we conduct the statistical analysis

Complete Block Factorial

randomized randomized designs

▪ They involve a single factor. ▪ The idea is isolating ▪ These designs look at the
▪ These designs are only sets of experimental effect of two or more
suitable for experiments units that are "factors" simultaneously.
where the experimental homogeneous to ▪ Assess the variation
material is homogeneous. reduce experimental resulted from the interaction
▪ One-Way ANOVA error among factors
▪ These designs are ▪ Two-way ANOVA or
usually analyzed by a Multiple ANOVA
two-way analysis of
variance without
interaction

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Design of Experiments
Block Randomized
One-way ANOVA Two-way ANOVA

Treatment: Route Treatment: Treatment 1:

Route
Route Route Route
25 75 Route Route
Route 25 Route 75

52 59 25 75 52 59
Driver 1
67 60 Driver 1 52 59 45 51
56 61 67 60
Treatment
Block: Driver 2 67 60 2: Driver
Driver 2
70 56
Driver
56 61
Driver 3 56 61 Driver 3
64 57

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Factorial Experiments (Two or
More Factors)
Factorial Experiment
Ilustrasi :
Apabila kita ingin menghitung waktu tempuh dari Kota A ke Kota B berdasarkan pengaruh dari
beberapan faktor berikut :
1. Pilihan rute (A, B, C, D)
2. Pengemudi (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
3. Jenis kendaraan (Motor, Mobil)
4. Waktu perjalanan (Pagi, Siang, Malam)
Berarti eksperimen atau observasi dilakukan dengan mengkombinasikan keempat factor tersebut :
• Eksperimen 1 : Rute A; Pengemudi 1; Motor; Pagi
• Eksperimen 2 : Rute A; Pengemudi 2; Motor; Pagi
• Eksperimen 3 : Rute A; Pengemudi 3; Mobil; Pagi
• …..
• Eksperimen n : Rute D; Pengemudi 5; Mobil; Malam
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Two-way ANOVA
1. Terdapat dua faktor
contoh : Pilihan rute dan Pengemudi

2. Interaksi antar level yang berbeda pada setiap factor

contoh : Performa dari salah satu pengemudi bergantung dengan
pilihan rute yang dilalui.

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 Design of Experiment : Two-way ANOVA
▪ Populations: combinations of factors
▪ Variance of all populations should be
equal

Keterangan :
Yij. = Jumlah pengamatan pada sel ke ij
Yi.. = Jumlah pengamatan pada taraf ke-i faktor A
Y.j. = Jumlah pengamatan pada taraf ke-j faktor B
Y… = Jumlah seluruh abn pengamatan
𝑦ത𝑖𝑗 = rata-rata pengamatan pada sel ke ij
𝑦ത𝑖.. = rata-rata pengamatan pada taraf ke-i faktor A
𝑦ത.𝑗. = rata-rata pengamatan pada taraf ke-j faktor B
𝑦ത... = rata-rata semua abn pengamatan

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Model : Two-way ANOVA
𝑦𝑖𝑗𝑘 = 𝜇𝑖𝑗 + 𝜖𝑖𝑗𝑘
𝜇𝑖𝑗 = 𝜇 + 𝛼𝑖 + 𝛽𝑗 + (𝛼𝛽)𝑖𝑗
𝑦𝑖𝑗𝑘 = 𝜇 + 𝛼𝑖 + 𝛽𝑗 + (𝛼𝛽)𝑖𝑗 +𝜖𝑖𝑗𝑘

Grand mean Deviation each

Effect of treatment observation from grand
Effect of treatment B mean
A
Interaction effect of
factor A and factor
B

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 Hipotesis : Two-way Anova
1. Effect of treatment A There is no effect from treatment factor A
𝐻0′ :
𝛼1 = 𝛼2 = ⋯ = 𝛼𝑎 = 0
𝐻1′ = 𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝛼𝑖′ 𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜
2. Effect of treatment B
𝐻0′′ : 𝛽1 = 𝛽2 = ⋯ = 𝛽𝑏 = 0 There is no effect from treatment factor B

𝐻1′′ = 𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝛽𝑗′ 𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜

3. Effect of interaction of A and B There is no effect from interaction of factor A
𝐻0′′′ :
(𝛼𝛽)11 = (𝛼𝛽)12 = ⋯ = (𝛼𝛽)𝑎𝑏 = 0 and B
𝐻1′′′ = 𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 (𝛼𝛽)′𝑖𝑗 𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜

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 Perhitungan : Sum of Squared
SST = SSA + SSB + SS(AB) + SSE

𝒂 𝒃 𝒏 𝒂 𝒃 𝒂 𝒃 𝒂 𝒃 𝒏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
ഥ...
෍ ෍ ෍ 𝒚𝒊𝒋𝒌 − 𝒚 = ഥ𝒊.. − 𝒚
𝒃𝒏 ෍ 𝒚 ഥ... ഥ.𝒋. − 𝒚
+ 𝒂𝒏 ෍ 𝒚 ഥ... ഥ𝒊.. − 𝒚
+ 𝒏 ෍ ෍ 𝒚𝒊𝒋. − 𝒚 ഥ.𝒋. + 𝒚
ഥ... ഥ𝒊𝒋.
+ ෍ ෍ ෍ 𝒚𝒊𝒋𝒌 − 𝒚
𝒊=𝟏 𝒋=𝟏 𝒌=𝟏 𝒊=𝟏 𝒋=𝟏 𝒊=𝟏 𝒋=𝟏 𝒊=𝟏 𝒋=𝟏 𝒌=𝟏

(abn-1) = (a-1) + (b-1) +(a-1)(b-1) +ab(n-1)

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 Two-way ANOVA Table
Source of Variation Sum of Squares Degrees of Freedom Mean Square Computed F

MAIN EFFECTS
A SSA a-1 𝑆𝑆𝐴 𝑀𝑆𝐴
𝑀𝑆𝐴 = 𝑠12 = 𝐹1 =
a−1 𝑀𝑆𝐸

B SSB b-1 𝑆𝑆𝐵 𝑀𝑆𝐵

𝑀𝑆𝐵 = 𝑠22 = 𝐹2 =
b−1 𝑀𝑆𝐸

INTERACTION
AB SS(AB) (a-1)(b-1) 𝑆𝑆(A𝐵) 𝑀𝑆(𝐴𝐵)
𝑀𝑆(𝐴𝐵) = 𝑠32 = 𝐹3 =
(𝑎 − 1)(b − 1) 𝑀𝑆𝐸

Error SSE ab(n-1) 𝑆𝑆𝐸

𝑀𝑆𝐸 =
ab(n − 1)

Total SST abn-1

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F-statistik (Fhitung) Two-way ANOVA
F Test for Factor A Main Effect
H0: μA1 = μA2 = μA3 = • • •
𝑴𝑺𝑨 Reject H0 if F > F
HA: Not all μAi are equal 𝑭=
𝑴𝑺𝑬

H0: μB1 = μB2 = μB3 = • • • F Test for Factor B Main Effect

HA: Not all μBi are equal 𝑴𝑺𝑩 Reject H0 if F > F

𝑭=
𝑴𝑺𝑬

F Test for Interaction Effect

H0: factors A and B do not interact
to affect the mean response
𝑴𝑺𝑨𝑩 Reject H0 if F > F
HA: factors A and B do interact 𝑭=
𝑴𝑺𝑬

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Contoh : Two-way ANOVA
Route
US 6 West End Hickory St Route 59

• Terdapat dua faktor : Dimas 18

15
17
14
21
20
22
19
21 20 22 25
1. Rute : 4 level Wawan 16 23 23 22
19 19 24 20
2. Driver : 5 Level 13 25 22 24
Seto 21 21 26 22
3. Jumlah replikasi untuk

Driver
19 23 24 24
kombinasi level : 3x 14 25 28 20
Rudi 23 22 29 25
21 24 30 20
25 20 28 26
Ali 25 24 28 28
24 25 29 30
26 23 27 26

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Contoh : Two-way ANOVA
• Hipotesis :
1. H0’ : tidak ada pengaruh faktor rute
H1’ : terdapat pengaruh faktor rute
2. H0’’: tidak ada pengaruh faktor driver
H1’’ : terdapat pengaruh faktor driver
3. H0’’’: tidak ada pengaruh interaksi antara rute dengan driver
H1’’’ : terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara rute dengan driver

• Tingkat signifikansi : α = 0.05

• Uji statistic → Uji F
Batas kritis untuk faktor rute : 2.84 (F0.05;3;40)
Batas kritis untuk faktor driver : 2.61 (F0.05;4;40)
Batas kritis untuk interaksi faktor rute dan driver : 2.00 (F0.05;12;40)

LG2105 Statistik Dalam Logistik

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Teknik Logistik Universitas Pertamina
Hasil : Tabel Two-way ANOVA
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Driver 353,5666667 4 88,391 17,219 2,7E-08 2,60
Route 244,9833333 3 81,661 15,908 5,8E-07 2,83
Interaction (Route * Driver) 125,7666667 12 10,480 2,041 0,04557 2,00
Error 205,3333333 40 5,133

Total 929,65 59

Kesimpulan :
1. H0’ : tidak ada pengaruh faktor rute → Tolak H0’ P-value < α
2. H0’’: tidak ada pengaruh faktor driver → Tolak H0’’ Fstatistik > Fcrit
3. H0’’’: tidak ada interaksi antara rute dengan driver → Tolak H0’’’

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Analisis lanjutan Interaction Plots

Marginal Means Table Waktu Tempuh

35
West Hickory Route
30
US 6 End St 59 Average Dimas
25
Dimas 18 17 21 22 19.50
20 Wawan
Wawan 16 22,33 23 22 20.83
15 Seto
Seto 18 23 26 22 22.25
Rudi 23 22 29 23,67 24.42 10 Rudi
Ali 25 24 28 28 26.25 5 Ali
Average 20.00 21.67 25.40 23.53 0
US 6 West End Hickory St Route 59

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Analisis : Pengaruh Rute vs Driver
Route
Uji One-way ANOVA US 6 West End Hickory St Route 59
18 17 21 22
untuk setiap driver. 1st one-way
15 14 20 19
ANOVA
21 20 22 25
2nd one-way 16 23 23 22
ANOVA 19 19 24 20

13 25 22 24
3rd one-way 21 21 26 22
ANOVA 19 23 24 24

Driver
Untuk mengetahui 14 25 28 20
23 22 29 25
pengaruh rute pada 4th one-way 21 24 30 20
setiap driver ANOVA
25 20 28 26
25 24 28 28
5th one-way 24 25 29 30
ANOVA

26 23 27 26

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Hasil : One-way ANOVA

Kesimpulan :
• Tidak ada pengaruh rute terhadap waktu tempuh
driver Dimas.
• Ada pengaruh rute terhadap waktu tempuh ke-4
driver lainnya.
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ANOVA SoV SS DF MS F
Treatments SSA DfA MSA FA
Error SSE DfE MSE
Total

SoV SS DF MS F
Treatments SSA DfA MSA FA
Blocks SSB DfB MSB FB
Error SSE DfE MSE
Total

SoV SS DF MS F
Treatments SSA DfA MSA FA
A
Treatments SSB DfB MSB FB
B
Interaction SSAB DfAB MSAB FAB
Error SSE DfE MSE
Total
Three-Factor ANOVA or
more….Multiple ANOVA
Three-Factor Experiments
• Eksperimen dengan 3 Faktor A, B, C pada level a, b, c
• Jumlah observasi n pada setiap kombinasi abc

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Three-Factors ANOVA Table

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Contoh : Three-Factors ANOVA
• In the production of a particular
material, three variables are of
interest: A, the operator effect
(three operators): B, the catalyst
used in the experiment (three
catalysts); and C, the washing
time of the product following the
cooling process (15 minutes and
20 minutes). Three runs were
made at each combination of
factors. It was felt that all
interactions among the factors
should be studied. The coded
yields are in Table. Perform an
analysis of variance to test for
significant effects (α = 0.1).
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Contoh : Three-Factors ANOVA (Table Summary)

IMPACT OF INTERACTION BC
→ Conduct a two-way ANOVA between catalyst (factor B) and washing time (factor C)

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Selesai