Asam Basa

1 Autoionisasi Air

H2O
M +
H2Op) -
H3Otcaps + Of caq
Kw =
[ +30+ ] [0fT) =
[H + S [Ott]

Pada Schu 25 °
C kw = 10-14

[H+ ] [OH] = 10-14

2 Skala pH
pX = -

logX -

log [H+ ] [OH] =

log 10-
K

pH = -

log[Ht] log[H
+
] -log [Off] log10-
-

= -

-log [OfT]
pOH =

PH +
pOH =
14

3 Larrtan Asam Kuat = terdissosiasi sempurna .

HC1 HBr HI HNOs

, , ,
,
H2SOd , HC104 , HIO4

Contoh :
Hitung PH Cartan HC104 0,1 M .

HC10d > H +
+ COq
0, I 0, 1

pH =
og[Ht) = -

log0 1 , = 1

4 larutan asam Lemah = terdissosiasi sebagian

: O
o
G C

OO
 PKa (- logka)
1 , 92

1 , 92

,87
2

Semakin besar milai ka maka semakin kecil nilai pla dan semakin kuat asamnya
.

Contoh :
Hitung PH Larutan HF 0, 1 M .

HEcap
0,1
=
Ht cac +
Fac Ka = 7 , 2 x 18-4
M -

b -

X + - X

3 0 . -4 * *

#Ka =
[H + ] [F- ] (X)(X) asumsi 0 , -x = 0 1

(
·

[HF] O
,1 - 4

x2 0 48x10-3
7 2x1014
, =
5
=

X2 : 7, 2x10 = ) X =
F 2x10-5
,
I
- -
, M
, 1
0

+
i
- :
[H ] =
F,2x104X011 =
Kax[HATo
PH = 2, 07

Cet Validitas :

x
x 100 % <5 % I Valid
[HA]o

0,
40 x 10-3 x 100 %: B 48 % , I tidat valido

↳ i2x10-4 =
42
011-X

7 , 2 x 10-5 -
7 , 2 x 10"X = x*

72x10044 -
7,2 x 10-5 = 0

X 8 13 10 - 3 + 3
=> [H ] B1X10 > PH 2 09
:
=
, x = = = .
 [H + ] =
Ka x [HOCl =
3 5x10-8 x011
,
= 5 916x10-5 M
,

Cek Validasi

[H +] 51916X10
-

5
x 100 % =
x 100 % = 0 , 05916 % -) Valid .

Och
[HOCK

1095 916 4,
PH
= 5 =
23 /
-

LICH2COOH > CICH2100 +

-

- + H
0 . 02 - -

-
x + 4 +

0 02.
-
4 X x
42
[CICHECOO ] [H ] +
3 14 x 10
-
3 =

Ka =
0
, 02 -
X
[CICH2COOH]
X2 = 1, 4 x 10-3 x (0 , 02 -
X)
1 , 4x10 -3 (X)(X)
114x10' X
=

X2 2 ,8x10-5
(0 02 X),
-
= -

1 4 X1013 2 ,8 x10-5
2
+ * X 0
[H ] 3 + =
4 , 64
- -
,
= X 10

PH = 2, 33

HA Jumlah breaksi
=> H+ + A- persen dissosiasi : x 100 %

0, 15
Jumlah mula-mula
m - -

4, 5 x10- 4 , 5
Jumlah breaksi 0 , 15 x3 %
b 4, 5x10-3 x1083 =

100 %
3 0, 1455 4 , 5x10 - 4 , 5x10"
=
4, 5 x 10 - 3
[H ][AY
+
(4
Ka , 5 x 10-3)2
10-4
=
=
= 1 , 39 x
[HAS 0 , 1455

Karena Ka HNO2 > Ka HCN maka jumlah [H + ] dari HNOz alan lebih besar

daripada HCN.
Sehingga perhitungan [H + ] cukup dari HNO2 saja .

[H + ] =
4X 10 4x5 = 0, 0447M = S pH =
log[Ht] = -
10g0 0447
, = 1 , 35
 Hitung PH Larutan mengandung 0.1 M HA (KaHA 10-5) dan
yang
=

(Ka HB 10 4)
-

,1
0 M HB = .

+
HA E H + A HB = H+ + B

[H+ ] = [A [H + ] =
[ B-]

[HJlAY [H + ] [BY
Ka HA : Ka HB =

[HAS [HB]

[A] :

[HA] x Kat [BT =

[HB7 ·
Nat

[H + ] total = [A] + [B]

[H+ x(itt) =

) [HA]
[H+]
· KaHA +
[HB]
[H+]
. NaHB
( x TH + ]

[H+ ]2 = [HA] KaHA ·

+ [HB] .

KaHB

[H ]
+
= [HA] KaHA ·
+ [HB] .

KaHB

5 Lantan Basa Lemah = terdissosiasi sebagian

[Of =
Ab x [B3 = 4, 38 x 104x1 = 2, 09X10% M

Validasi :

[OH]
094102
2
% % 2 ,09 % =S Valid
,
x 100 : + 100 =
.

[B]

pOH lug [OH - 10g 2 09 x 10

2 1 , 60
-
= - = =
,

pH +
POH : 14 = ) pH =
14- POH = 12 , 32
/
massa
person
>
-
C
C P
%. 10

104
37
.10:
1
.

M
,
=
=

Mr

-
Pengenceran = memperhecil Konsentrasi

.r= Miv -3x200 is

o

NaHIS) + H2Oll) > NaOH

cap) +
H2(g)
0 , 23 mol 0
, 23 mol

0 . 23 mol
[OH] = [N90H] =

2
,8 L
= 0, 002 M )
=

POH = -

Log 0, 082

/ PH = 14 -

POH =
12 914/
,
pot = 1 086
,
 0 . 125 x 10 x
I
M = = 0 , 0367 M
34 , 02

↳ Mr
pka =
logka
Ka = 10-PKa = 1
- 11 :75 [H+ ] =
10
-
11 , 75
x 0 , 0367
= 2 , 55 x 10
7
M

5
Ka Aw 10 14
-

Kb NH3 Ab
-

= 10 -
= =

log 2 55 x 10' 7 6
pH = -
, = ,

59/ Ka NHyt = 10-9

6 Larrtan Garam

Asam Konjugasi
>
daribasalemah
>
Sifatuya asamlemah

Cth : NH
-Kation
A1
7 dan + 2 >
sifataya netral

lugam Cth :
logam IA dan1 A

Garam -
> +3 >
Sifatnya asam

Cth : A/3 +
Basa Konjugasi > sifatnya basa Lemah ~
Anion dari asam lemah
Cth :
CH3C00 : F
- NO2

~ Basa Konjugasi > Sifatuya netral .

dari as am wat
Cth : <T , Br NO5 , I' ClOp
Asam Basa
,

Teori
,

7 Bronsted -

Lowry
Asam =
) Donor Ht (proton)
Basa = Aseptor Ht H2Oz
↑

O C
HSOG HCOS HIN NHy Wit H3POd H2POq-
O
0000 C O
O O OH-
I' HPOq2-POq3- HS
H2PO4 NF13
-

NO2
-

= E HSOG (Sop2-
↓ ↓ a sam basa konjugasi
basa asam bonjugaci

HCI HE
C5H5N asamlehih lemah
+
#21 -C5H5NH + Cl asam lebih kat

[H3200H + %H >
-
CH3(00- + H2O 2 F-

H2POG + H2O + HPOp2 + Hot hasayglhihlemah basa yang lebih trat

 netral base lemah

33) a) NaNO2 > Nat + NO2 I basa

Hitung PH lawtan NaNO2 011 M .

) .

KaHNO2 : 4 x 10-
4)
[OH =
Ab x [NOT =
<w x [G] :

Ap x 011 = 1, 50 x

-log 1 , 50 10 - 3 5, 8
POH = x =

POH 8,2
pH = 14 - =

netral netral
b)KCI / A+ + C+ = ) PH =
F

asamlemah netral

2) NtBr .
< NH + Br= ) asam PH < 7

Hitung PH Lantan NtBr 0, 1 M . Ab NH3 = 1 ,8 x 10-5

[H+ Kax [NH4]

AW x[G] UT
=
=
7 45 x 10
=
x 01 =
, M

log 7 45 x 10-6
pH = -
, = 5 , 13
/

Ka xkb = Kw
netral basa lemah
Naod Nat + OCT
0, 1 M ,,1 M
0

[OH Ab
Ku 10-14
[OCH]
=
x
[OCT]
=
=
x 0, 1
*
Eq 3 x 10-0
= 1 826
, x 10 M

pOH =
-log 1 , 826 x 10-4 3 74 10 , 26
/
= =
,

CHOC E H
+
+ Oct Ka (balik)

( H2O =>
t
+ Of ⑭
# +Oc = HOC
O 1
Ka t

↳ ↳
-

OCT + O E HOCI + OH Ab =

a
&) Larutan Penyangga (Buffer
↳ Larrtan
yang dapat mempertahankan pH ketika ditambahtan sedibit

asam Grat atar basa boat.

Agar dapat mempertahantan pH Mata

larutan harus dan basa

buffer punya komponen
asam .

=> Campuran asam lemah dengan basa konjugasi dalam bentut garam .

Contoh : CH3(00H dan CH3COONa

-Nat
Asam Lemah CH3 (00-
Basa konjugasi
> Campuran basa lemah dengan asam
konjugasi dalam bentut garam
.

Contoh : NH3 dan NHCI

basa lemak
N
Ntt CI
asam
konjugasi
Contoh Soal Lantan
:
buffer asam lemah dan basa
Konjugarinya .

Hitung PH Larutan yang

mengandung 011 M [H3200H dan 0 ,2 M CHCOONa .

Ka CH3COOH = 1 ,8 x 10-5 .

CHICOOH = CH3C00- + Ht

Ka =

[CH3200T[Ht => [Ht =

[CH3200f)
[CH3200 ]
-
x Ka :

O x 1 ,B 10
x

[H ]
+
< 10-6
x M => PH 5 05
=
= ,

Contoh soal Larutan basa lemah dan

:
buffer asam konjugasi.

Hitung PH Larrtan yang mengandung CH3NH2 0, 1 M dan CH3NH3CI 0, 05 M .

basa Lemah -
Kb CH3NH2 = 4 x 10-4
NHS C
.

asam Konjugas ;
CHINHc +
H2OM# CHENHst + OH

[CH3NHst] [OHT
kb =S [OHY
HNt Kb <X
:
: x = x

[CH3NH2]
&X10-4 POH PH 10 ,
[OH] = 3 1 )
9//
= = =
= .
 -
O
>
- Nat + (2 +302-
, 5
U 015

O -

- H
b) HC271302 t OH- s C2H30z + H2O
0
,5 , 01
0 0, 5
- - -

-
0 , 01 -
0 , 01 - 0 , 01
-

0 , 49 O 0 . 51

[HC2H30]
[H + S =
Ka x

[(2 +1305]

= 18 , x 10-5 x
0,
49/X
0
,
51/X
= 1 , 729 x 18
- 5

pH = 4 76,

c) C2H302 + H +
> HC2H302 [H + 1 = ka x
302]
.
0
,5 0 . 09 0
,5 [(zH302]
0,
. 01
0 0 01 51/X
-

,
+ 0 , 01 1 ,8 10-5
-

= x x

0 , 49 O 0
, 51
0
,
49/X
1 873 10 5
-
= , x

PH = 4 , 73

PH =
3, 377

PH = 3 3996
,

PH = 3, 353

[HA]
=> [HA] / [A- = 0 , 037 [H + ] = a x
[A']
=> [HA] / [AT = 3 855
,
+
[HA] [H ]
=> [HAT/[A) = 0 , 783 I

[A-] Ka
= ) [HA] /[A =
14 B2

[H ]
+
= 10
-
PH = 10 4,3
-
 Swath Lantan buffer asetat Clampuran HC2f1302 dan NaCcH302) dengan
Sika ka HCH202 /18 X 10 5
pH
-

memiliki 48
.
Konsentrasi total
=
011 M = . .

Konsentrasi HE2H302 dan NaC2H302 dalam larutan ?

berapa

[H(2+1302] [H+ ] 10-4 8 ,

= I
: 0 . 88 => [HCzH302] = 0,88 [CzH302]
[(zH 302] Ka 18x18-5

[HC2H3O2] + [C2f1302] = 0
,

0, 88 [C2H302] + [C2H3O2] = 0
,1

1 88
, [C2H305] = 0
, 1

[C2H302)
10 0, 0532 M
=
=

[HCH302] : 0, 1 -

[CzH302] = 0 , 0460 M

V
/

total 0 , 018M 032 M

[HCeH3Oc] = [CzHbO2T = 0,

0
, 056
HC2fI202 0, 018 M 0, 5 L UKOH 0 , 001 mol
[
x
n = : =

56 , 1
= 0 , 009 mol

n C2H302 = 0 , 032 M x 0 , 5 L

= 0 , 016 mol

THEH1302]
HC2H302 + Of- · (2+1302 + H2O [H + ] = ba x

, 016
0
[C2+ 1302
, 009
0 , 001
0

- 0 , 001 -
0 , 001 + 0 , 001
= 1, 0x10-5 x
0, 000/0
0, 008 g , 017
0
0
, 017/
6
8 , 47
:

= x 10 M

6
pH log 8
-

= - , 47 X 10

= 5 07,
/