TEORI-TEORI ETIKA
ETIKA ABSOLUT VERSI RELATIF
Etika absolut :
• prinsip2 etika bersifat mutlak
• berlaku universal kapanpun dan dimanapun
Etika relatif
• tidak ada prinsip atau nilai moral yg berlaku umum, prinsip atau nilai
moral di masyarakat berbeda-beda utk masyarakat yg berbeda dan utk
situasi yg berbeda pula
Tingkat (level) Sublevel Ciri menonjol
Tingkat I 1. Orientasi pada hukum Mematuhi peraturan utk menghindari
(preconventional) hukuman
usia ‹ 10
1. T I D A K M A M P U M E M E C A H K A N K O N F L I K -
K O N F L I K K E P E N T I N G A N . K I TA
M E M E R L U K A N AT U R A N M O R A L K A R E N A
D L M K E N YATA A N N YA S E R I N G D I J U M PA I
K E P E N T I N G A N 2 YA N G B E R TA B R A K A N .
2. B E R S I FAT S E - W E N A N G 2 . M I S A L N YA
PA D A S U AT U N E G A R A K E A D A A N
M A S YA R A K AT N YA H E T E R O G E N .
T E R D A PAT P E R B E D A A N S U K U , R A S ,
AGAMA. CONTOH NAZI OLEH HITLER
D A N A PA R T H E I D D I A F R I K A S E L ATA N
3. PA H A M I N I M E M U N C U L K A N PA H A M
E K O N O M I K A P I TA L I S
II. UTILITARIANISME
DAVID HUM DAN JEREMY BENTHAM,
BERASAL DARI BHS LATIN: UTILIS, BHS INGGRIS : UTILITY.
B E R A S A L D A R I K AT A Y U N A N I D E O N S :
K E WA J I B A N
E T I S T I D A K N YA S U AT U T I N D A K A N T I D A K A D A
K A I TA N N YA S A M A S E K A L I D E N G A N T U J U A N ,
K O N S E K U E N S I A TA U A K I B A T D A R I T I N D A K A N
TSB.
K A N T , M E N YAT A K A N 2 K O N S E P YA I T U
IMPERATIVE HYPOTHESIS DAN IMPERATIVE
CATAGORIES
I M P E R AT I V E H Y P O T H E S I S
A D A L A H P E R I N TA H 2 ( O U T ) Y G B E R S I FAT
KHUSUS YG HARUS DIIKUTI JIKA
S E S E O R A N G M E M P U N YA I K E I N G I N A N Y G
R E L E VA N .
1. K A L A U A N D A I N G I N M E N J A D I S A R J A N A
A K U N TA N S I , A N D A H A R U S ( O U T )
M E M A S U K I FA K E K O N O M I J U R
A K U N TA N S I .
2. K A L A U A N D A I N G I N M E N J A D I P E M A I N
S E PA K B O L A B E R H A S I L , A N D A H A R U S
R A J I N B E R L AT I H S E PA K B O L A .
3. K A L A U A N D A I N G I N B E R H A S I L D A L A M
STUDI, ANDA HARUS RAJIN BELAJAR
D A N S E T E R U S N YA
I M P E R AT I V E C ATA G O R I E S
A D A L A H K E WA J I B A N M O R A L Y G
M E WA J I B K A N K I TA B E G I T U S A J A TA N PA
S YA R AT A PA P U N . , D A N TA N PA D I K A I T K A N
T U J U A N D A N K E I N G I N A N A PA P U N .
P R I N S I P K A N T M E N YATA K A N :
B E R T I N D A K L A H S E D E M I K I A N R U PA S E H I N G G A
P R I N S I P K E H E N D A K M U S E K A L I G U S D A PA T
MENJADI PRINSIP PEMBERIAN HUKUM UMUM
M O R A L I T I S H E N D A K N YA B E R S I FAT O T O N O M
D A N H A R U S B E R P U S AT PA D A P E N G E RT I A N
M A N U S I A B E R D A S A R K A N A K A L S E H AT Y G
D I M I L I K I M N S I T U S E N D I R I ( K E WA J I B A N
M O R A L Y G B E R S I FAT U N I V E R S A L )
M E N J A D I S E B A B M E N G A PA M A N U S I A
JAMAN DULU SELALU INGIN HIDUP
BERKELOMPOK SEHINGGA DISEBUT
MAHLUK SOSIAL
D A L A M H I D U P M S YA R A K AT D I P E R L U K A N
A N G G O TA K E L O M P O K B E R T I N D A K J U J U R ,
SEHINGGA KEJUJURAN MENJADIKA
K E P E R C AYA A N U N T U K M E R E K A
D A PAT M E N J A D I K E L O M P O K .
K A N T, B E R A S U M S I B A H WA K A R E N A
M A N U S I A B E R M A R TA B AT, M A K A S E T I A P
PERLAKUAN MANUSIA TERHADAP
M A N U S I A L A I N N YA H A R U S D I L A N D A S I
O L E H K E WA J I B A N M O R A L U N I V E R S A L
I V. T E O R I H A K
I M M A N U E L K A N T , M E N U R U T T E O R I H A K , S U AT U
T I N D A K A N AT A U P E R B U AT A N D I A N G G A P B A I K
A PA B I L A S E S U A I D E N G A N H A K A S A S I M A N U S I A
(HAM).
D I K AT A K A N B A H WA T E O R I H A K M E R U PA K A N A S P E K
D A R I T E O R I D E O N T O L O G I . , T I D A K D A PAT
D I P I S A H K A N D A R I K E WA J I B A N .
M E N G A N G G A P M A N U S I A M E M P U N YA I M A R TA B AT D A N
S E M U A M N S M E M P M A R T A B AT
V . T E O R I K E U TA M A A N ( V I R T U E T H E O RY )
A R I S T O T E L E S . E RT E N S : T E O R I K E U TA M A A N
B E R A N G K AT D A R I M A N U S I A N YA .
B E R A N G K AT D A R I S I F AT 2 AT A U K A R A K T E R YA N G
H A R U S D I M I L I K I O L E H S E S O R A N G A G A R D A P AT
D I S E B U T S E B A G A I M A N U S U S I A U T A M A , D A N S I F AT 2
AT A U K A R A K T E R Y G M E N C E R M I N K A N M A N U S I A
HINA
K A R A K T E R AT A U S I F AT U T A M A A D A L A H S U AT U
D I S P O S I S I S E C A R A S I F AT / WAT A K Y G
M E L E K AT / D I M I L I K I S E S E O R A N G D A N
M E M U N G K I N K A N D I A U T K S E L A L U B E RT I N G K A H
L A K U YA N G S E C A R A M O R A L D I N I L A I B A I K .
MEREKA YG SELALU MELAKUKAN TINGKAH LAKU
BURUK SECARA MORAL DISEBUT MNS HINA.
( B A RT E N S )
VI .TEORI ETIKA TEONOM
T E O R I 2 S E B E L U M N YA ( E T I K A E G O I S M E D A N
U T I L I T A R I A N I S M E K E D U A N YA D I S E B U T T E L E O L O G I ,
K O N S E K U E N S I AT A U T U J U A N , T E O R I
K E WA J I B A N / D E O N T O L O G I , T E O R I H A K S E R TA
K E U TA M A A N / V I R T U E T H E O R Y ATA U T E O R I K A R A K T E R )
… > T A M PA K B E R B E D A T T P T E O R I 2 T S B S E M U A N YA
M E M P U N YA I K E S A M A A N .
K E S A M A A N T S B T E R L E TA K PA D A K A J I A N A S P E K
M O R A L I TA S , D I M A N A M O R A L I TA S H A N YA D I K A J I
B E R D A S A R K A N P R O S E S P E N A L A R A N / A K A L M N S TA N PA
M E N G A K U I AT A U M E N G K A I T K A N D E N G A N K E K U AT A N
T A K T E R B AT A S ( T U H A N ) .
M O R A L I T A S D I K AT A K A N M U T L A K H A N YA
A PA B I L A M O R A L I TA S D I K A I T K A N D E N G A N
T U J U A N T E R T I N G G I U M AT M A N U S I A .
S E G A L A S E S U AT U Y G B E R S I F AT M U T L A K T I D A K
D A P AT D I P E R D E B AT K A N D E N G A N P E N D E K AT A N
R A S I O N A L K A R E N A S E M U A N YA Y G B E R S I F AT
M U T L A K M E L A M P A U I T I N G K AT K E C E R D A S A N
RASIONAL YG DIMILIKI MNS.
T U J U A N T E R T I N G G I U M AT M N S H A N YA D P T
D I C A PA I B I L A P O T E N S I K E C E R D A S A N TA K
T E R B AT A S D I M A N F A AT K A N .
A D A E M PAT P E R S A M A A N F U N D A M E N TA L
F I L S A FAT E T I K A S E M U A A G A M A YA I T U :
1. A G A M A M E N G A K U I A P A B I L A U M AT M N S
M E M I L I K I T U J U A N T E RT I N G G I S E L A I N T U J U A N
H I D U P D I D U N I A . ( M O K S A , N I R WA N A , S U R G A )
2. A G A M A M E N G A K U I A D A N YA T U H A N D A N
M E N G A K U I A D A N YA K E K U AT A N T A K
T E R B AT A S Y G M E N G AT U R A L A M R A YA
3. ETIKA BUKAN SAJA DIPERLUKAN UTK
M E N G AT U R P E R I L A K U H I D U P M N S D I D U N I A ,
T E T A P I J U G A S A L A H S AT U S YA R AT M U T L A K
U N T U K M E N C A PA I T U J U A N A K H I R / T U J U A N
T E R T I N G G I U M AT M N S , D A N I N I Y G
TERPENTING
4. A G A M A M E M P U N YA I A J A R A N M O R A L / E T I K A
Y G B E R S U M B E R D A R I K I TA B S U C I M S G 2 , A D A
P R I N S I P 2 E T I K A Y G B E R S I F AT U N I V E R S A L D A N
B E R S I F AT M U T L A K Y G D I J U M P A I P A D A S M A
A G A M A , A D A Y G B E R S I F AT S P E S I F I K
T E O R I E T I K A D A N H U B U N G A N N YA D E N G A N PA R A D I G M A
H AK I K AT M ANUS I A DAN K E CERDAS AN
No teori
Paradigma
4. Teori Hak Tingkat kepatu Aturan tentang demi martabat hakikat tidak
utuh
han thd HAM HAM kemanusiaan ( IQ)
6. Teori Teonom Disposissi karak karakter mulia dan kebahagiaan roha hakikat utuh
Ter dan tkt kei mematuhi kitab ni ( surgawi, moksa) ( PQ,IQ,
EQ, SQ)
manan suci agama msg2 mental & duniawi
KONTEKS ETIKA