Computer Network MYS0801

PERTEMUAN 08 – SLIDE 01

M. Yusril Helmi Setyawan

Variable Length Subnet Masks

(VLSMs)
DEFINISI

 VLSMs = Variable Lenght Sumnet Masks

 Merupakan cara pengelolaan network dengan mengambil satu network dan menciptakan
banyak network menggunakan subnet mask dengan panjang yang berbeda-beda di
berbagai rancangan network yang berbeda tipenya.
 Sesuai dengan namanya, dengan VLSM kita dapat memiliki subnet mask-subnet mask
yang berbeda-beda untuk subnet –subnet yang berbeda
Mengapa harus VLSM ?

 Misal :
Network : 192.168.10.0
Mask : 255.255.255.224
Subnet kita akan menjadi 0,32, 64, 96, 128, 160,192 dan 224. Untuk topologi
tersebut misal diambil 32, 64 dan 96 (subnet 32 untuk segmen network yang terdiri
dari router A dan switch, subnet 64 untuk segmen yang terdiri dari link serial antara
router A dan B, subnet 96 untuk segmen network yang terdiri dari router B dan
switch. Hasil perhitungan menghasilkan 30 host yang valid, tetapi link WAN point
to point juga memiliki 30 host yang valid.
Semua Host dan interface router memiliki subnet yang sama yaitu 255.255.255.224

MENURUT ANDA, APA YANG AKAN MENJADI POTENSI MASALAH ?

EXAMPLE

VLSM allows us to use one class C address to design a networking scheme to meet the
following requirements:
 Perth 60 users
 Kuala Lumpur 28 users
 Sydney 12 users
 Singapore 12 users
 WAN links between each router
 Networking Requirements

KL 28

WAN 2
WAN 1

WAN 3

Sydney 12
Perth 60 Sing. 12

•Classful subnetting is very wasteful.

•In the example above, a /26 was used to provide the 60 addresses for
Perth and the other LANs. There are no addresses left for WAN links
 VLSM

 Forget everything you learned about classfull subnetting.

 Just remember you have 256 – 2 = 254 addresses to work with.
VLSM

Name/required Subnet Address range Broadcast Address/subnet

addresses address

Perth/60 192.168.12.0

KL/28

Sydney/12

Sing/12

WAN1/2

WAN2/2

WAN3/2

List your network requirements in descending order.

VLSM

Name/required Subnet Address range Broadcast Address/subnet

addresses address

Perth/60 192.168.12.0 .1 - 62 .63 192.168.12.0/26

KL/28

Sydney/12

Sing/12

WAN1/2

WAN2/2

WAN3/2

Calculate the subnet mask to meet largest requirement - Perth

VLSM

Name/required Subnet Address range Broadcast Address/subnet

addresses address

Perth/60 192.168.12.0 .1 - 62 .63 192.168.12.0/26

KL/28 192.168.12.64 .65 - .94 .95 192.168.12.64/27

Sydney/12

Sing/12

WAN1/2

WAN2/2

WAN3/2

Keep track of subnet and broadcast addresses. Use the next available Address .64
to calculate a subnet mask for the next largest requirement - KL Lumpur.
VLSM

Name/required Subnet Address range Broadcast Address/subnet

addresses address

Perth/60 192.168.12.0 .1 - 62 .63 192.168.12.0/26

KL/28 192.168.12.64 .65 - .94 .95 192.168.12.64/27

Sydney/12 192.168.12.96 .97- .110 .111 192.168.12.96/28

Sing/12

WAN1/2

WAN2/2

WAN3/2

Sydney needs 12 addresses. Use the next available address .96 to calculate
a subnet for Sydney’s requirement for 12
VLSM

Name/required Subnet Address range Broadcast Address/subnet

addresses address

Perth/60 192.168.12.0 .1 - 62 .63 192.168.12.0/26

KL/28 192.168.12.64 .65 - .94 .95 192.168.12.64/27

Sydney/12 192.168.12.96 .97- .110 .111 192.168.12.96/28

Sing/12 192.168.12.112 .113 - .126 .127 192.168.12.112/2

8

WAN1/2

WAN2/2

WAN3/2

Singapore also requires 12

VLSM

Name/required Subnet Address range Broadcast Address/subnet

addresses address

Perth/60 192.168.12.0 .1 - 62 .63 192.168.12.0/26

KL/28 192.168.12.64 .65 - .94 .95 192.168.12.64/27

Sydney/12 192.168.12.96 .97- .110 .111 192.168.12.96/28

Sing/12 192.168.12.112 .113 - .126 .127 192.168.12.112/2

8

WAN1/2 192.168.12.12 .129 - .130 .131 192.168.12.128/3

8 0

WAN2/2

WAN3/2

WAN links require 2 addresses each

VLSM

Name/required Subnet Address range Broadcast Address/subnet

addresses address
Perth/60 192.168.12.0 .1 - 62 .63 192.168.12.0/26

KL/28 192.168.12.64 .65 - .94 .95 192.168.12.64/27

Sydney/12 192.168.12.96 .97- .110 .111 192.168.12.96/28

Sing/12 192.168.12.112 .113 - .126 .127 192.168.12.112/2

8

WAN1/2 192.168.12.12 .129 - .130 .131 192.168.12.128/3

8 0

WAN2/2 192.168.12.13 .133 - 134 .135 192.168.12.132/3

2 0

WAN3/2
VLSM

Name/required Subnet Address range Broadcast Address/subnet

addresses address
Perth/60 192.168.12.0 .1 - 62 .63 192.168.12.0/26

KL/28 192.168.12.64 .65 - .94 .95 192.168.12.64/27

Sydney/12 192.168.12.96 .97- .110 .111 192.168.12.96/28

Sing/12 192.168.12.112 .113 - .126 .127 192.168.12.112/2

8

WAN1/2 192.168.12.12 .129 - .130 .131 192.168.12.128/3

8 0

WAN2/2 192.168.12.13 .133 - 134 .135 192.168.12.132/3

2 0

WAN3/2 192.168.12.13 .137 - .138 .139 192.168.12.136/3

6 0

The networking problem is solved

 Networking
Scheme

KL 192.168.10.64/27

WAN 192.198.10.133 and 134

WAN 192.198.10.129 and
130

WAN 192.198.10.137 and

138

Sydney 192.168.10.96/28
Perth Sing. 192.168.10.112/28
192.168.10.0/26

Apply the address to the LAN or WAN link

 CONCLUSION

• Class C address such as 192.168.12.0 contains 256 - 2 = 254

usable addresses
• We used only addresses .0 - .139
MANFAAT VLSM

 Efisien menggunakan alamat IP, dimana alamat IP yang dialokasikan sesuai dengan
kebutuhan host setiap subnet
 Dukungan summarization rute yang lebih baik karena VLSM mendukung pengalamatan
desain hierarkis sehingga secara efektif dapat mendukung agregasi rute (summarization
rute)
 Dapat mengurangi jumlah rute di routing table oleh berbagai jaringan subnet dalam satu
ringkasan alamat
SYARAT VLSM

 Routing protocol yang digunakan harus mampu membawa informasi mengenai notasi
prefiks untuk setiap broadcast-nya
 Semua perangkat router yang digunakan dalam jaringan harus mendukung metode VLSM
yang menggunakan algoritma penerus packet informasi
CONTOH 2

 Diketahui :
NETWORK : 192.168.10.0
VLSM (1)
Name/required Subnet Address range Broadcast Address/subnet
addresses address

NET B/30 192.168.10.0 .1 - 30 .31 192.168.10.0/27

NET C/20 192.168.10.32 .33 - .62 .63 192.168.10.32/27

NET A/14 192.168.10.64 .65- .78 .79 192.168.10.64/28

NET D/6 192.168.10.80 .81 - .86 .87 192.168.10.80/29

WAN E/2 192.168.10.88 .89 - .90 .91 192.168.10.88/30

WAN F/2 192.168.10.92 .93 -.94 .95 192.168.10.92/30

WAN G/2 192.168.10.96 .97 – .98 .99 192.168.10.96/30

WAN H/2 192.168.10.10 .101 - .102 .103 192.168.10.100/3

0 0
VLSM (2)
Name/required Subnet Address range Broadcast Address/subnet
addresses address

NET B/30 192.168.10.32 .33-62 .63 192.168.10.32/27

NET C/20 192.168.10.64 .65 - .94 .95 192.168.10.32/27

NET A/14 192.168.10.16 .17- .30 .31 192.168.10.64/28

NET D/6 192.168.10.8 .9 - .14 .15 192.168.10.80/29

WAN E/2 192.168.10.96 .97 - .98 .99 192.168.10.96/30

WAN F/2 192.168.10.10 .101 -.102 .103 192.168.10.100/3
0 0
WAN G/2 192.168.10.10 .105 – .106 .107 192.168.10.104/3
4 0

WAN H/2 192.168.10.10 .109 - .110 .111 192.168.10.108/3

8 0
BRAIN WORK