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• Authoritarianism is a term used to describe those who are
domineering with little interpersonal warmth
• Adorno et al.’s (1950) developmental approach
suggested authoritarianism was the result of
overcontrolling parents that led to harsh evaluations of
others
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Social Dominance Orientation
• Social dominance orientation refers to individual
differences in a person’s need for an in-group to retain
superiority over an out-group
• Lippa and Arad (1999) reported higher levels of social
dominance in those rated as less nurturant and more
prejudiced
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• Dikembangkan oleh Perls, Glasser, Ellis, Roger, &
Frank