5 - Dasar Aliran Fluida
5 - Dasar Aliran Fluida
FLUIDA DINAMIS
DASAR-DASAR
ALIRAN FLUIDA
m Av (kg/s)
Contoh :
Air mengalir dalam pipa yang berdiameter 3 inci dan
kecepatan aliran 10 ft/s. Tentukan :
a. laju aliran volume (cfs) dan (gpm)
b. laju aliran berat
c. laju aliran mass
a. Q =Av b. W γAv
= ¼ π d2 10 ft/s = (62,4)(0,04909 ft2)(10
= ¼ (3,14) ft/s)
(3/12)2 10 = 30,61 lb/s
= 0,491 cfs
Dimana : c. M Av
1 gpm = 0,002228 cfs = (1,94 slugs/ft3)
Q = 220 (0,04909 ft2)(10 ft/s)
gal/min = 0,952 slug/s
Given:
(1) Benzene flows through a 100-mm-diameter pipe.
(2) The mean velocity of flow is 3.00 m/s.
Required:
(1) Volume flow rate in both m3 /s and L/min.
(2) Weight flow rate.
(3) Mass flow rate.
v = 3,00 m/s
Maka :
Q = (0,007854 m2)(3 m/s) = 0,0236 m3/s
Q = 1416 L/min
October 15, 2022 Mekanika
Fluida
dari persamaan : W γAv
3
γ benzene 8,62 kN/m (dari Table A-4)
Maka :
W = (8,62 kN/m3)(0,007854 m2) (3) m/s
= 0.203 kN/s
Maka :
M = (879 kg/m3)(0,007854 m2) (3) m/s
= 20,7 kg/s
A1
A2
ρ1 A1 v1 = ρ2 A2 v2
A1 v1 = A2 v2
Atau
Q1 = Q 2
October 15, 2022 Mekanika
Fluida
Example
Given:
(1) Assume the conduit shown in Fig. 5-4 has (inside)
diameters of 12 and 18 in at sections 1 and 2,
respectively.
(2) Water is flowing in the conduit at a velocity of 16,6 ft/s
at section 2.
Required:
(1) Velocity at section 1. (2) Volume flow rate at section
1. (3) Volume flow rate at section 2. (4) Weight flow
rate. (5) Mass flow rate.
d 2 (12 / 12) 2
A1 0,7854 ft 2
4 4
2 2
d (18 / 12) 2
A2 1,767 ft
4 4
v2 = 16,6 ft/s
Q1 = A1 v1
M = ρ A1 v1
Dimana
ρ = 1,94 slugs/ft3, diberikan :
Maka :
M = (1,94 slugs/ft3)(0,7854 ft2)(37,3
ft/s)
= 56,8 slugs/s
Energi potensial :
Ep = m g z v
=wz
Energi kinetik : Z d
Ek = ½ m v2 Reference datum
= ½ w/g v2
Energi tekan :
Etekan = p V
= p w/
v 2
p
E W z
2g
Dimana
v2 p
Head, H z
2g
October 15, 2022 Mekanika
Fluida
Maka Head adalah
E
H
W
Head dalam mekflu dan hydraulik adalah energi
yang dikandung persatuan berat fluida.
Required:
Total energi head if the fluid is (1) water, (2) oil with a
s.g of 0,82 (3) gas with specific weight of 0,042 lb/ft 3
6 in
diameter
10 ft
2
v p
H z
1. For water 2g
z = 10 ft
v2 (8 ft/s) 2
2
0,99 ft
2 g (2)(32,2 ft/s )
Maka :
H = 10 + 0,99 + 11,26 = 22,25 ft
2 2 2
p (4 lb/in )(144 in /1ft )
3
13714 ft
(0,042) lb/ft
Maka :
H = 10 + 0,99 + 13714 = 13725 ft
Maka :
H = – 1,2 m + 0,744 m – 2,88 m = – 3,336 m
Required :
The theoretical horsepower available.
P=QγH
Q = 300 ft3/s
= 62,4 lb/ft3
H = 25 ft
Sehingga daya :
P = (300 ft3/s)(62,4 lb/ft3)(25 ft)
= 468000 ft-lb/s
P = 468000/550 = 851 hp
hL Head loss
v12
v 22
2g
2g
Direction
of flow
Total energy p2
at poit 1 p1
Total energy
at poit 2
z1
z2
October 15, 2022 Mekanika
Fluida
2 2
p1 v p2 v
z1
1
z 2 hL
2
2g 2g
Q = 2,08 cfs 1
10, 7 ft
2
Q = 2,08 cfs
Point 2
D2 = 9 in
p2 = ?
4 ft
Reference Datum
October 15, 2022 Mekanika
Fluida
Solution
p1 v12 p2 v22
z1 z 2 hL
2g 2g
Q 2,08 ft 3 /s
v1 2
10,59 ft/s
A1 ( )[(0,5 ft ) / 4]
v12 (10,59 ft/s) 2
2
1,74 ft
2 g (2)(32,2 ft/s )
Z1 = 10,70 ft
v22 (4,71ft/s) 2
2
0,34 ft
2 g (2)(32,2 ft/s )
Z2 = 4 ft
hL = 3 ft
p2/ = 183,67 ft
8 2
( )( 12 ft ) ft ft 3
Q 24,1 8,41
4 s s
October 15, 2022 Mekanika
Fluida
Tugas
No. 1 Required: (1) The discharge
Given: (1) A 50 mm of oil from the siphon. (2)
diameter siphon drawing The oil pressure at point 2.
oil (s.g. = 0,82) from an 2
oil reservoir, as shown
in Fig. (2) The head loss
2m
from point 1 (see Fig) to
1
point 2 is 1,50 m and 50 mm
Diameter siphon
from point 2 to point 3 is
2,40 m. Oil (s.g = 0,82)
5m
6 ft 6 ft
Ø=12 in Ø=36 in
2
1
Ø=200 mm Ø=300 mm
v2 = 3,2 m/s
v1 = 10,5 m/s
M=?
ρ1 = 1,21 kg/m3
ρ2 = ?