8th grade

Social Studies Subject for Middle School:

Geography and
Colonialism
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 SEJARAH MESOPOTAMIA
Arsitektur Mesopotamia adalah arsitektur kuno wilayah sistem sungai Tigris – Eufrat ,
mencakup beberapa budaya berbeda dan mencakup periode dari milenium ke-10 SM hingga abad ke-6
SM. Di antara pencapaian arsitektur Mesopotamia adalah pengembangan perencanaan kota , halaman
rumah , dan ziggurat . Studi arsitektur Mesopotamia kuno didasarkan pada bukti arkeologi yang
tersedia , representasi gambar bangunan, dan teks tentang praktik bangunan. « Batu bata adalah bahan
bangunan biasa, dan dengan itu kota, benteng, kuil, dan rumah pun dibangun.

Literatur ilmiah biasanya berkonsentrasi pada arsitektur candi, istana, tembok dan gerbang
kota, serta bangunan monumental lainnya, namun kadang-kadang kita juga menemukan karya arsitektur
perumahan. » Survei permukaan arkeologi juga memungkinkan dilakukannya studi bentuk perkotaan di
kota-kota awal Mesopotamia.
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 CIRI-CIRI MESOPOTAMIA

01 Pengunaan simbol-simbol Agama

Seni dan arsitektur Mesopotamia
sering menggunakan simbol-simbol agama,
seperti lambang matahari dan bulan, bintang,
dan dewa-dewi.

02 Keunikan dalam Pembuatan Karya Seni

Karya seni Mesopotamia dibuat
dengan sangat teliti dan memiliki keunikan pada
setiap detilnya. Teknik ukir pada karya seni
Mesopotamia sangat terkenal karena
tampilannya yang indah dan menakjubkan.
 CIRI-CIRI MESOPOTAMIA

03 Konsep Estetika Mesopotamia

Konsep estetika Mesopotamia
cenderung memperlihatkan kekuatan,
keindahan, dan keberanian. Hal tersebut
tercermin dari pembuatan patung dan relief
dengan bentuk fisik yang kuat dan agresif
KARAKTERISTIK MESOPOTAMIA

Bahan Bangunan
01 Gaya bata, yang sangat bervariasi dari waktu ke waktu, dikategorikan berdasarkan
periode.
KARAKTERISTIK MESOPOTAMIA

Dekorasi
02 Namun, seiring berjalannya waktu, para arsitek Asiria kemudian mulai melepaskan diri
dari pengaruh Babilonia, dan menggunakan batu serta batu bata. Dinding istana Asyur dilapisi dengan
lempengan batu yang dipahat dan berwarna, bukan dicat seperti di Kasdim . Di Babilonia, sebagai
pengganti relief dasar, lebih banyak penggunaan figur tiga dimensi berbentuk bulat – contoh paling awal
adalah patung dari Girsu , yang realistis namun agak kikuk. Kelangkaan batu di Babilonia menjadikan
setiap kerikil berharga, dan menyebabkan kesempurnaan tinggi dalam seni pemotongan permata.
Dua silinder segel dari zaman Sargon dari Akkad adalah salah satu contoh terbaik dari
jenisnya. Salah satu spesimen luar biasa pertama dari metalurgi awal yang ditemukan oleh para arkeolog
adalah vas perak Entemena . Batu, tanah liat, dan kaca digunakan untuk membuat vas, dan vas dari batu
keras telah digali di Girsu serupa dengan yang dilakukan pada periode dinasti awal Mesir.
Relief ruang singgasana Raja Ashurnasirpal memperlihatkan Ashur melayang di atas pohon
kehidupan.
KARAKTERISTIK MESOPOTAMIA
Perencanaan Kota
03 Bangsa Sumeria merupakan masyarakat pertama yang membangun kota itu sendiri sebagai
bentuk yang terbangun dan maju. Uruk sendiri penting sebagai pusat kebudayaan perkotaan yang menjajah
dan mengurbankan Asia Barat. Pembangunan kota merupakan produk akhir dari tren yang dimulai pada
Revolusi Neolitikum . Perencanaan terlihat jelas pada tembok, kawasan candi tinggi, kanal utama dengan
pelabuhan, dan jalan utama.
Struktur ruang hunian dan komersial yang lebih halus merupakan reaksi kekuatan ekonomi
terhadap batasan spasial yang ditentukan oleh kawasan yang direncanakan sehingga menghasilkan desain
yang tidak beraturan dengan ciri-ciri yang teratur. Di pusat kota terdapat kompleks candi tinggi yang selalu
terletak agak jauh dari pusat geografis. Daerah-daerah yang berdekatan dengan gerbang mempunyai fungsi
keagamaan dan ekonomi yang khusus. Jaringan jalan dan kanal menghubungkan kota dengan daratan ini.
Jalan-jalan umum yang membentuk suatu blok tidak banyak berubah dari waktu ke waktu,
sementara jalan-jalan buntu jauh lebih cair. Perkiraan saat ini adalah 10% wilayah kota berupa jalan dan
90% berupa bangunan.
 Rawa Mesopotamia di malam hari, Irak selatan; rumah buluh ( Mudhif ) dan sampan
sempit ( Mashoof ) di dalam air. Struktur mudhif telah menjadi salah satu jenis
bangunan tradisional, yang dibangun oleh masyarakat Marsh di Irak selatan setidaknya
selama 5.000 tahun. Sebuah ukiran ketinggian mudhif yang khas, bertanggal sekitar
3.300 SM ditemukan di Uruk , dan sekarang disimpan di British Museum.
KARAKTERISTIK MESOPOTAMIA
Rumah
04 Bahan-bahan yang digunakan untuk membangun rumah Mesopotamia serupa
tetapi tidak persis seperti yang digunakan saat ini: alang-alang , batu , kayu, ashlar , bata
lumpur, plester lumpur, dan pintu kayu, yang semuanya tersedia secara alami di sekitar kota,
meskipun kayu merupakan bahan yang digunakan saat ini. tidak umum di beberapa kota di
Sumeria. Sebagian besar rumah memiliki ruang tengah berbentuk persegi dengan ruangan-
ruangan lain di dalamnya, namun variasi besar dalam ukuran dan bahan yang digunakan untuk
membangun rumah menunjukkan bahwa rumah tersebut dibangun oleh penghuninya sendiri.
Kamar terkecil mungkin tidak bisa menampung orang termiskin; Faktanya, mungkin saja
masyarakat termiskin membangun rumah dari bahan yang mudah rusak seperti alang-alang di
luar kota, namun hanya ada sedikit bukti langsung mengenai hal ini. Rumah bisa memiliki
toko, bengkel, ruang penyimpanan, dan ternak di dalamnya.
Halaman yang disebut tarbaṣu ini merupakan fitur pengorganisasian utama
rumah, semua ruangan terbuka ke dalamnya. Dinding luarnya tidak berbentuk dengan hanya
satu bukaan yang menghubungkan rumah ke jalan, pergerakan antara rumah dan jalan
memerlukan putaran 90° melalui ruang depan kecil.
Model rumah terakota dari Babilonia , 2600 SM, Museum Mesir.
KARAKTERISTIK MESOPOTAMIA

Kontruksi
05
 Type of geography

Nation World
Mercury is the closest planet to the Venus has a beautiful name and is the
Sun and the smallest in the Solar second planet from the Sun
System
 Relationship nation-territory

Nation

Culture History Traditions

Terrority
 How does geography affect
nation?
Income Agricultural
Venus is the second planet Jupiter is the biggest planet
from the Sun of them all

Transport Productivity
Despite being red, Mars is a Saturn is a gas giant and
cold place has several rings
 What is world geography?
In World Geography Studies, you can examine:

People Regional
Neptune is the farthest planet Venus is the second planet
from the Sun from the Sun

Places National
Jupiter is a gas giant and the Saturn is composed of
biggest planet hydrogen and helium

Environments International
Mercury is closest planet to Mars is actually a cold place.
the sun of them all It’s full of iron
What do you need to know about world
geography
Earth’s surface Human societies

Places can have an How human interacts

impact
Mercury is the closest planet to the Venus has a beautiful name and very
Sun and the smallest one high temperatures
 Continents of the world
North America Europe
Neptune is very far from Venus is the second planet
the Sun from the Sun

South America Asia

Jupiter is a gas giant and Saturn is composed of
the biggest planet hydrogen and helium

Africa Australia
Mercury is the closest Despite being red, Mars is
planet to the Sun very cold
 United States in the
colonial era
Oregon country United states
Mercury is very small Mars is a red planet

Mexican cession Thirteen states

Venus is a hot planet Jupiter is big

Texas Louisiana
We all live on Earth Saturn is a gas giant
 02
About the
history
You can enter a subtitle here if you
need it
“This is a quote. Words full of wisdom
that someone important said and can
make the reader get inspired.”

—Someone Famous
 History of colonialism
1394 1492 1775 1860

01 02 03 04
Portugal Spain America Japan
Begins the age of Age of Spain’s Colonialism of New european
exploration expansion Britain’s empire colonialism
Colonial rationale and
resistance
Legal
obligation
Venus is the second planet from the
Sun

Religious obligation

Despite being red, Mars is a cold

place
 Types of colonialism
Types Characteristics

Often motivated by religious, political, and

Settler colonialism
economic reasons
Focuses on the exploitation of natural
Exploitation colonialism
resources
Involves a settlement project supported by a
Surrogate colonialism
colonial power
A notion of uneven structural power between
Internal colonialism
areas of a state
Awesome words
 Colonists challenges

Drought Starvation
Venus is the second Mars is actually a very
planet from the Sun cold place

Threat Attacks Disease

Jupiter is the biggest Saturn is composed of Neptune is very far from
planet hydrogen the Sun
 History graph

Colonialism
Jupiter is the biggest planet
of them all

Geography
Saturn is composed of
hydrogen and helium

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here.
For more info, click here
 Some of the 13 colonies

Connecticut New York New Jersey

Mercury is the smallest Venus is the second Mars is actually a very
planet planet from the Sun cold place

Virginia Delaware Maryland

Jupiter is the biggest Saturn is composed of Neptune is very far from
planet hydrogen the Sun
 …and the other colonies
Georgia
Mercury is very small
Massachusetts New hampshire
Venus is a hot planet Mars is a red planet
Rhode Island
We all live on Earth
Pennsylvania South Carolina
Jupiter is a big planet Neptune is an ice giant
North Carolina
Saturn has rings
The major characteristics of the 13
colonies
Economic
freedom
Religious
Social mobility
freedom

Political Better way of

freedom life
 Map of the colonies

New York New Hampshire

Pennsylvania Massachusetts

Virginia Delaware

North Carolina Maryland

Georgia South Carolina

First colonies in order of establishment

Date Name of the colony Famous people

1607 Virginia John Smith, John Rolfe

1620 Plymouth Colony John Carver, William Bradford

1626 New York Peter Minuit, Peter Stuyvesant

1630 Massachusetts Bay John Winthrop

1633 Maryland George Calvert, Lord Baltimore

1636 Rhode Island Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson

 Facts and informations

New england The middle The southern

colonies colonies colonies
● Mercury is small ● Mars is very cold ● Neptune is cold
● Venus is a hot planet ● Jupiter is a gas giant ● Pluto is a dwarf
● Earth has life ● Saturn has rings ● Ceres is an asteroid
 Sons of liberty

Petitions Assemblies Propaganda

Mercury is the closest Mars is actually a cold
Venus has a beautiful name
planet to the Sun and the place. It’s full of iron oxide
and very high temperatures
smallest planet dust
 Sons of liberty timeline

Aug 13, Aug 14, Aug 18, Dec 16,

1765 1765 1765 1773

Founded Chaos Feathering Revolution

Mars is actually a very Saturn is composed of Neptune is very far Earth is the planet with
cold place hydrogen from the Sun life
A picture always
reinforces
the concept
Images reveal large amounts of data, so remember:
use an image instead of a long text. Your audience
will appreciate it
 A picture always
reinforces
the concept
Images reveal large amounts of data, so remember:
use an image instead of a long text. Your audience
will appreciate it
A picture is worth a
thousand words
The 4 causes of the french and
indian war
Conflict Territory
Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings. Earth is the third planet from the Sun and
It's composed mostly of hydrogen and the only one that harbors life in the Solar
helium System

Power Religion
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun
and the smallest one in the Solar System and the fourth-largest object in the Solar
System
150,000
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
 9h 55m 23s
is Jupiter's rotation period

333,000
Earths is the Sun’s mass

386,000 km
is the distance between Earth and the Moon
 Percentages

65% 80% 10%

Mercury Venus Mars

Mercury is the smallest Venus is the second Mars is actually a very
planet planet from the Sun cold place
 You can use this graph
20% 30%
Venus Mars
Venus is the second planet Mars is actually a cold
from the Sun place. It’s full of iron

35% 15%
Mercury Saturn
Mercury is the closest Saturn is composed of
planet to the Sun hydrogen and helium

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here.
For more info, click here
 Social studies
subject report

Mars 80/100 You can write relevant information here

Jupiter 85/100 You can write relevant information here

Saturn 90/100 You can write relevant information here

Venus 95/100 You can write relevant information here

Mercury is closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the
Solar System
 More percentages
Mercury
It’s the closest planet to 75%
the Sun

Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest 65%
planet of them all

Venus
Venus is the second planet 80%
from the Sun
 03
Research method
You can enter a subtitle here if you
need it
 Research in social studies

Meaning Significance
Venus is the second planet Jupiter is the biggest planet
from the Sun of them all

Process Example
Despite being red, Mars is a Saturn is a gas giant and
cold place has several rings
 Keys to historical thinking
Analyze
Saturn is the only planet
with rings
Result Contextualize
Venus is the second planet Mars is actually a very
from the Sun cold place

Explain Corroborate
Jupiter is the biggest Neptune is very far from
planet of them all the Sun
 Analyzing historical sources
The skill Action Question to ask Answer

● Mercury You can write the question You can write the
Check it over here answer here
● Venus

● Mars You can write the question You can write the
Check the story here answer here
● Jupiter

Understand the ● Saturn You can write the question You can write the
message ● Earth here answer here

● Moon You can write the question You can write the
Examine closely here answer here
● Sun
Colonialism documentary

France, 1945
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 Two main ideas

Geography Colonialism
● You can describe what the user ● You can describe what the user
should do here shouldn’t do here
● You can describe what the user ● You can describe what the user
should do here shouldn’t do here
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Book recommendations

The French and Indian War

Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest
one in the Solar System—it’s only a bit larger than the
Moon

Sons of Liberty
Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet
from the Sun. It’s hot and has a poisonous atmosphere
 04
Review
You can enter a subtitle here if you
need it
Study notes
You can use these study
notes
Venus has a beautiful name and is the
second planet from the Sun. It’s hot
and has a poisonous atmosphere
Write your notes here
Write your notes here
Write your notes here
Write your notes here
Write your notes here
Write your notes here
 Important things
The French and Indian War was a major war fought in the
American Colonies between 1754 and 1763. The British
gained significant territory in North America as a result of
the war

● You can list your reference websites or publications

here
● You can list your reference websites or publications
here
● You can list your reference websites or publications
here
● You can list your reference websites or publications
here
 Quiz 1: Colonialism
The Virginia colony was founded based on?

A province An assembly
A Venus is the second planet C Saturn is the only planet
from the Sun with rings

A charter An agreement
B D
Mercury is the smallest Mars is actually a very cold
planet of them all place
 Quiz II: Sons of liberty
American statesman,
political philosopher, and one
of the Founding Fathers of
the United States
Write your answer here
Irish-American tailor and spy
American silversmith, early
during the American
industrialist, Sons of Liberty
Revolutionary War. He was a
member & Patriot in the old
member of the Sons of
American Revolution
Liberty
Write your answer here Write your answer here
 Quiz III: True or false
* Read the sentences and decide if they are true (T) of false (F)

1. James Oglethorpe founded North Carolina F

2. Slaves were only in the southern colonies

3. Pennsylvania means "Penn's World"

4. The Dutch and the British had a war

5. Pennsylvania was actually a land grant gift for William Penn

6. Massachusetts had/was the first New England Colony

 Our team

John Bones Jane Smith

You can speak a bit about You can speak a bit about
this person here this person here

Kim Doe Tim James

You can speak a bit about You can speak a bit about
this person here this person here
 Our researches

Jenna Doe John Smith Sam Bones

You can speak a bit about You can speak a bit about You can speak a bit about
this person here this person here this person here
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