DIAGRAM GAYA

Diagram gaya terdiri dari:

1. Diagram gaya normal (NFD-Normal Force Diagram)
2. Diagram gaya geser/lintang (SFD-Shear Force Diagram)
3. Diagram momen bending (BMD-Bending Moment Diagram)
Kegunaan dari diagram gaya tersebut untuk melihat pengaruh
gaya-gaya dalam terhadap batang yang dikenai beban, sehingga
dapat diperkirakan letak dan besar beban maksimum dari masingmasing jenis gaya dalam.
Contoh:
P = 10 T

q = 2 T/m
3m

B
6m

4m

2m

tg = 4/3
Dari reaksi gaya luar diperoleh:
H = 0 HB = P . 3/5 = 6 T ()
MB = 0 VA.10 8 . 7 (q . 4) . . 4 + (q . 2) . . 2 = 0
VA = 6,8 T ()
MA = 0 VB.10 8 . 3 (q . 6) . ( . 6 + 6)= 0
VB = 13,2 T ()
Gaya-gaya dalam yang terjadi antara :
1. 0 x 3m dari titik A
P y =8T

A
3m

P x =6T

x
V A = 6,8 T
Gaya Normal (Nx) = 0 N0 = 0; N3 = 0
Gaya Lintang (Lx) = VA L0 = 6,8 T; L3 = 6,8 T
Momen Lentur (Mx) = VA . x M0 = 0; M3 = 6,8 . 3 = 20,4 Tm

2. 3 x 6m dari titik A
P y =8T

A
P x =6T
3m

x
V A = 6,8 T
Nx = - HB (tekan) N3 = N6 = - 6 T
Lx = VA 8 L3 = L6 = - 1,2 T
Mx = VA.x 8.(x - 3) M3 = 20,4 Tm; M6 = 6,8 . 6 8 . 3 =
16,8 Tm
3. 6 x 10 m dari titik A
P y =8T

q = 2 T/m

A
P x =6T

4m

x
V A = 6,8 T
Nx = - HB (tekan) N6 = N10 = - 6 T
Lx = VA 8 (2 . (x 6)) L6 = -1,2 T; L10 = -1,2 (2 . 4) = 9,2 T
Mx = VA.x 8.(x - 3) (2 . (x 6)) . (x 6) M6 = 16,8 Tm;
M10 = 6,8 . 10 8 . 7 (2 . 4) . . 4 = - 4 Tm
4. 10 x 12 m dari titik A

P y =8T

q = 2 T/m

A
P x =6T

2m

x
V A = 6,8 T
V B = 13,2 T
Nx = Px - HB = 0 N10 = N12 = 0
Lx = VA 8 (2 . (x 6)) + VB L10 = 4 T; L12 = -1,2 (2 . 6) +
13,2 = 0
Mx = VA.x 8.(x - 3) (2 . (x 6)) . (x 6) + VB . (x 10)
M10 = - 4 Tm; M12 = 6,8 . 12 8 . 9 (2 . 6) . . 6 + 13,2 . 2 =
0
Gaya Dalam

0 x 3m

3 x 6m

6 x 10 m

Gaya
Normal
Gaya Geser

-6T

-6T

6,8 T

- 1,2 T

Momen
Lentur

M0 = 0
M3 = 20,4
Tm

Diagram gaya-gaya

M3 = 20,4
Tm
M6 = 16,8
Tm

10 x 12
m
0

S6 = - 1,2 T
S10 = 4 T
S10 = - 9,2 T
S12 = 0
M6 = 16,8
M10 = - 4
Tm
Tm
M10 = - 4
M12 = 0
Tm

3m

3m

4m

2m

NFD
(-)
6
6,8
(+)

4
SFD

1,2

(-)
9,2
4
BMD
(+)
16,8

20,4

Diagram Gaya pada Kantilever dengan Beban Terpusat

P1 = 10 ton dengan tg = 4/3 pada titik A, dan P2 = 12 ton pada
titik C
P1 diuraikan menjadi X1 = P cos = 10 x 3/5 = 6 ton dan Y1 = P sin
= 10 x 4/5 = 8 ton,
P1

P2

Y1
I

II

A
1m

1m

2m

M
2m

VB

6m

HB = 6 ton (), VB = 20 ton (), dan MB = 96 Tm

0 x 1m
NX = - X1, LX = - Y1, MX = - (Y1 . x)
1 x 2m
NX = - X1, LX = - Y1, MX = - (Y1 . x)
2 x 4m
NX = - X1, LX = - (Y1 + P2), MX = - [(Y1 . x) + (P2 . (x 2))]
4 x 6m
NX = - X1, LX = - (Y1 + P2), MX = - [(Y1 . x) + (P2 . (x 2))]
Gaya Dalam 0 x 1m
Gaya
-6T
Normal
Gaya Geser
-8T
Momen
M0 = 0
Lentur
M1 = - 8 Tm

1 x 2m
-6T

2x4m
-6T

-8T
M1 = - 8 Tm
M2 = - 16
Tm

- 20 T
M2 = - 8 Tm
M4 = - 64
Tm

4x6m
-6T
- 20 T
M4 = - 64
Tm
M6 = - 96
Tm

Diagram Gaya pada Kantilever dengan Beban Terpusat

q = 10 T/m
M
A

4m

2m

6m

VB

HB = 0, VB = q . 4 = 10 . 4 = 40 Ton, dan MB = (q . 4) (2 + 2) = (10

. 4) 4 = 160 Tm.
0 x 4m
NX = 0, LX = - (q . x), MX = - [(q . x).1/2 x]
4 x 6m
NX = 0, LX = - (q . 4) = - 40 T, MX = - [(q . 4).(1/2 .4 + (x 4)]
= -[ 40 T . (2 + (x 4))]
Gaya Dalam
Gaya
Normal
Gaya Geser
Momen
Lentur

0 x 4m
0

4 x 6m
0

L0 = 0, L1 = - 10 T
L2 = - 20 T, L3 = - 30 T
L4 = - 40 T
M0 = 0, M1 = - 5 Tm
M2 = - 20 Tm, M3 = - 45
Tm
M4 = - 80 Tm

L4 = - 40 T
L5 = - 40 T
L6 = - 40 T
M4 = - 80 Tm
M5 = - 120 Tm
M6 = - 160 Tm

P = 10 T

q = 4 T/m

2m

3m

5m

tan

= 4/3

Gaya-gaya dalam
X
1
2
2
3
4
5
5
6
7
8
9
10

Nx
0
0
-6T
-6T
-6T
-6T
-6T
-6T
-6T
-6T
-6T
-6T

Lx
0
0
-8T
-8T
-8T
-8T
-8T
- 12 T
- 16 T
- 20 T
- 24 T
- 28 T

Mx

-8
- 16
- 24
- 24
- 34
- 48
- 66
- 88
- 114

NFD

SFD

0
0
0
Tm
Tm
Tm
Tm
Tm
Tm
Tm
Tm
Tm

- 6T

-8 T

-28 T
-114 Tm

-24 Tm

BMD
2m

3m

5m