TENSES OUTLINE

TENSES / BENTUK WAKTU

1. Present Tense (Saat Ini) 1.1 Simple Present Tense (Saat Ini) 1.2 Simple Present Continuous Tense (Sedang Terjadi Pada Saat Ini) 1.3 Simple Present Perfect Tense (Telah Terjadi Pada Saat Ini) 1.4 Simple Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Telah dan Sedang Terjadi Pada Saat Ini)

2. Past Tense (Saat Lampau) 2.1 Simple Past Tense (Saat Lampau) 2.2 Simple Past Continuous Tense (Sedang Terjadi Pada Saat Lampau) 2.3 Simple Past Perfect Tense (Telah Terjadi Pada Saat Lampau) 2.4 Simple Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Telah dan Sedang Terjadi Saat Lampau)

3. Present Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Saat Ini) 3.1 Simple Present Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Saat Ini) 3.2 Simple Present Future Continuous Tense (Sedang Terjadi Pada Waktu Akan Datang Saat ini) 3.3 Simple Present Future Perfect Tense (Telah Terjadi Pada Waktu Akan Datang Saat ini) 3.4 Simple Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Telah dan Sedang Terjadi Pada Waktu Akan Datang Saat Ini)

4. Past Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Saat Lampau) 4.1 Simple Past Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Saat Lampau) 4.2 Simple Past Future Continuous Tense (Sedang Terjadi Pada Waktu Akan Datang Saat Lampau)

4.3 Simple Past Future Perfect Tense (Telah Terjadi Pada Waktu Akan Datang Saat Lampau) 4.4 Simple Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Telah dan Sedang Terjadi Pada Waktu Akan Datang Saat Lampau)

TENSES

TENSES / BENTUK WAKTU

1. Present Tense (Saat Ini) 1.1 Simple Present Tense (Saat Ini) (+) S + V1+s/es + O + (Adv) (-) S + do/does + not + V1 + O + (Adv) (?+) Do/Does + S + V1 + O + (Adv)? (?-) Do/Does + not + S + V1 + O + (Adv)? I, You, They, We He, She, It do does

Adverb of Time: - today - every - twice a week

1.2 Simple Present Continuous Tense (Sedang Terjadi Pada Saat Ini) (+) S + Tobe (am/is/are) + V1+ing+ O + (Adv) (-) S + Tobe (am/is/are) + not + V1+ing + O + (Adv) (?+) Tobe (Am/Is/Are) + S + V1+ing + O + (Adv)? (?-) Tobe (Am/Is/Are) + not + S + V1+ing + O + (Adv)? I am

You, They, We He, She, It

are is

Adverb of Time: - now, right now - at present - at this moment - for the time being

1.3 Simple Present Perfect Tense (Telah Terjadi Pada Saat Ini) (+) S + have/has + V3 + O + (Adv) (-) S + have/has + not + V3 + O + (Adv) (?+) Have/Has + S + V3 + O + (Adv)? (?-) Have/Has + not + S + V3 + O + (Adv)? I, You, They, We He, She, It have has

Adverb of Time: - for ( 2 days, a month) - since + s + v2 - all day - so far

1.4 Simple Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Telah dan Sedang Terjadi Pada Saat Ini) (+) S + have/has + been + V1+ing + O + (Adv) (-) S + have/has + not + been + V1+ing + O + (Adv) (?+) Have/Has + S + been + V1+ing + O + (Adv)? (?-) Have/Has + not + S + been + V1+ing + O + (Adv)? I, You, They, We He, She, It have has

Adverb of Time: - for ( 2 days, a month) - since + s + v2 - all day - so far

2. Past Tense (Saat Lampau) 2.1 Simple Past Tense (Saat Lampau) (+) S + V2 + O + (Adv) (-) S + did + not + V1 + O + (Adv) (?+) Did + S + V1 + O + (Adv)? (?-) Did + not + S + V1 + O + (Adv)? Adverb of Time: - yesterday - last. - ago

2.2 Simple Past Continuous Tense (Sedang Terjadi Pada Saat Lampau) (+) S + Tobe (were/was) + V1+ing + O + (Adv) (-) S + Tobe (were/was) + not + V1+ing + O + (Adv) (?+) Tobe (were/was) + S + V1+ing + O + (Adv)? (?-) Tobe (were/was) + not + S + V1+ing + O + (Adv)? I You, They, We He, She, It was were was

Adverb of Time: - when + S + V2 - while + S + (were/was) + V1+ing 2.3 Simple Past Perfect Tense (Telah Terjadi Pada Saat Lampau) (+) S + had + V3 + O + (Adv) (-) S + had + not + V3 + O + (Adv)

(?+) Had+ S + V3 + O + (Adv)? (?-) Had+ not + S + V3 + O + (Adv)? Adverb of Time: - when + S + V2 - by the time + S + V2 - before + S + V2 2.4 Simple Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Telah dan Sedang Terjadi Saat Lampau) (+) S + had + been + V1+ing + O + (Adv) (-) S + had+ not + been + V1+ing + O + (Adv) (?+) Had+ S + been + V1+ing + O + (Adv)? (?-) Had+ not + S + been + V1+ing + O + (Adv)? Adverb of Time: - when + S + V2 - by the time + S + V2 - before + S + V2 3. Present Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Saat Ini) 3.1 Simple Present Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Saat Ini) (+) S + Will + V1 + O + (Adv) (-) S + Will + not + V1 + O + (Adv) (?+) Will + S + V1 + O + (Adv)? (?-) Will + not + S + V1 + O + (Adv)? Adverb of Time: - tomorrow - tonight - next..

3.2 Simple Present Future Continuous Tense (Sedang Terjadi Pada Waktu Akan Datang Saat ini) (+) S + will + be + V1+ing+ O + (Adv)

(-) S + will + not + be + V1+ing + O + (Adv) (?+) Will + S + be + V1+ing + O + (Adv)? (?-) Will + not + S + be + V1+ing + O + (Adv)? Adverb of Time: - at 7 tomorrow - on monday next..

3.3 Simple Present Future Perfect Tense (Telah Terjadi Pada Waktu Akan Datang Saat ini) (+) S + will + have + V3+ O + (Adv) (-) S + will + not + have + V3 + O + (Adv) (?+) Will + S + have + V3 + O + (Adv)? (?-) Will + not + S + have + V3 + O + (Adv)? Adverb of Time: - when + s + v1+(s/es) - by the time + s + v1+(s/es) 3.4 Simple Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Telah dan Sedang Terjadi Pada Waktu Akan Datang Saat Ini) (+) S + will + have + V1+ing+ O + (Adv) (-) S + will + not + be + V1+ing + O + (Adv) (?+) Will + S + be + V1+ing + O + (Adv)? (?-) Will + not + S + be + V1+ing + O + (Adv)? Adverb of Time: - for..when + S + V1+(s/es) - by the time + S + V1+(s/es) 4. Past Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Saat Lampau) 4.1 Simple Past Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Saat Lampau) (+) S + Would + V1 + O + (Adv) (-) S + Would + not + V1 + O + (Adv) (?+) Would + S + V1 + O + (Adv)?

(?-) Would + not + S + V1 + O + (Adv)? Adverb of Time: -

4.2 Simple Past Future Continuous Tense (Sedang Terjadi Pada Waktu Akan Datang Saat Lampau) (+) S + would + be + V1+ing+ O + (Adv) (-) S + would + not + be + V1+ing + O + (Adv) (?+) Would + S + be + V1+ing + O + (Adv)? (?-) Would + not + S + be + V1+ing + O + (Adv)? Adverb of Time: -

4.3 Simple Past Future Perfect Tense (Telah Terjadi Pada Waktu Akan Datang Saat Lampau) (+) S + would + have + V3+ O + (Adv) (-) S + would + not + have + V3 + O + (Adv) (?+) Would + S + have + V3 + O + (Adv)? (?-) Would + not + S + have + V3 + O + (Adv)? Adverb of Time: -

4.4 Simple Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Telah dan Sedang Terjadi Pada Waktu Akan Datang Saat Lampau) (+) S + would + have + V1+ing+ O + (Adv) (-) S + would + not + be + V1+ing + O + (Adv) (?+) Would + S + be + V1+ing + O + (Adv)? (?-) Would + not + S + be + V1+ing + O + (Adv)? Adverb of Time: -

EXERCISES

1. Why werent you at the meeting? I .for an overseas call from my family. a. had waited b. am waiting c. have been waiting 2. It was raining hard, but by the time the class was over, the rain a. stopped b. had stopped c. has stopped 3. Go ahead and dont worry about this work. We..care of everything by the time you come back. a. took b. have taken c. am taking 4. Dont call John at 11.30 tomorrow morning because he..class at that time. a. attended b. had attended c. would attended 5. Dont you realize by the time we arrive in Phoenix, wefor twenty straight hours? a. had driven b. has driven c. will be driving d. will have been driving e. had been driving d. will attend e. will be attending d. will have take e. had took d. was stopping e. stop d. was waiting e. had been waiting

6. Alex is talking on the phone. He.the phone for over a half an hour. Long conversation is expensive. a. has been talking b. had been talking c. was talking d. is talking e. will have talked

7. Jack suddenly realized that the teacher was asking him a question. He couldnt answer because he..for the last ten minutes. a. has been day dreaming b. had been day dreaming c. was day dreaming d. is day dreaming e. had day dreaming

8. We began talking about an hour ago. When the telephone rang we were still talking. We can say: We..for about an hour when the telephone rang. a. talked b. had talked c. were talking 9. By the time he.back from his holiday the milkman will have left twenty one bottles of milk outside his doors. a. is getting b. has got c. will get 10. The train.when I came. a. was leaving b. had left c. has left 11. Lend me your rubber. I a mistake and I want to rub it out. a. had made d. have made d. is leaving e. will leave d. gets e. got d. had been talking e. have been talking

b. am being made c. will make

e. am making

12. We began talking about an hour ago when the telephone rang, we were still talking. We can say: We..for about an hour when the telephone rang. a. talked b. had talked c. were talking 13. When the bell rings, I.. the meat out of the oven. a. have taken b. am taking c. had been taken 14. It is midnight I..for five straight hours. No wonder Im getting tired. a. had studied b. was studying c. will have studied 15. Jack suddenly realized that the teacher was asking him a question, he couldnt answer because hefor the last ten minutes. a. has been day dreaming b. had been day dreaming c. was day dreaming 16. Im getting tired on sitting in the car. Do you realize that by the time we arrive in Phoenix, wefor twenty straight hours? a. had been driving b. were driving c. are going to drive d. will have been driving e. have driven d. is day dreaming e. had day dreaming d. have been studied e. have been studying d. will have taken e. will have been taking d. had been talking e. have been talking

17. Yesterday John ate breakfast at 8.00. He.breakfast when he left for class at 8.45. a. ate b. was eating c. had been eating 18. Dont try to call Armin at 11.30 tomorrow morning because he.class at that time. a. will have been attending b. has attended c. is attending 19. I admit that Ive got older since I last.you, but with dry luck at all. Ive also got wiser. a. had seen b. see c. have seen 20. It was raining hard, but the time class was over, the rain. a. will have stopped b. have stopped c. stopped 21. Janes contact lens popped out while she..basketball. a. had been playing b. will play c. was playing 22. Some of the studentsEnglish before they came here last fall. a. never spoke b. have never spoken c. would speak d. had never spoken e. were spoken d. has played e. will have played d. had stopped e. stops d. saw e. was seeing d. attends e. will be attending d. had already eaten

23. Mrs. Laksmi had already given birth to the child before her husband..at the hospital. a. had arrive b. was arriving c. arrives 24. Since Maria came to the United Stated six months ago, she.a lot of English. a. studied b. was studying c. had studied 25. Class..by the time I got there, so I took quietly a seat in the back. a. have begun b. will have begun c. had begun d. was beginning e. began d. will have studied e. has been studying d. arrived e. would arrive

26. Their house was burned down and so were all their possession. They..in poverty ever since. a. have been living b. lived c. had lived d. are living e. live

27. At least two hundred people were waiting in line to buy tickets to the game some of themin line for more than four hours. They decided not to try to get tickets themselves. a. were standing b. stood c. have been standing 28. Handythe door for an hour when Randy entered the room. a. was painting e. painted d. would stand e. had been standing

b. has been painting c. would paint

f. had been painting

29. Why didnt Anita tell her mother about the car accident? Shes afraid that her motherher for causing the car accident. a. has accused b. would accused c. is accusing 30. Why does the little girl look so sad? She something she likes best. a. is losing b. has lost c. loses 31. When did the bus come? After wefor about twenty minutes, the bus came. a. have been waiting b. have waited c. were waiting 32. Are Rina and Rani still living in San Francisco? No, they.to New York. a. are just moved b. had just moved c. had been moving 33. Edo..the goods by the time his customers phone him. a. had already sent b. has sent c. will have sent d. was sending e. sent d. have just moved e. will just moved d. had been waiting e. was waiting d. has been losing e. had lost d. accuses e. had accused

34. Rere.for one and half hours before Sita came. a. is sleeping b. has been sleeping c. was sleeping 35. Do you hear something? Yes, someone.at the door. a. knocks b. knocked c. was knocking d. had knocked e. is knocking d. would be sleeping e. had been sleeping