Tenses adalah bentuk waktu yang biasa kita gunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-
hari.Karena dengan Tenses kita bisa menggunakan kalimat yang sesuai dengan
keadaan. Misalnya, keadaan yang biasa kita lakukan, sedang berlangsung,akan kita
lakukan ,lampau dan lain-lain.
Pemakaian kata kerja yang dipergunakan untuk suatu perbuatan yang dilakukan
dengan kebiasaan, berbeda dengan pemakaian kata kerja yang dipergunakan dalam
kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung dan kata kerja di pergunakan untuk perbuatan
lampau, itu juga berbeda. Tapi, kita harus ingat Cuma yang beda hanya bentuknya
saja.
Tenses yang dipergunakan dalam bahasa Inggris itu jumlahnya ada 16 waktu,
yang lebih dikenal dengan sebutan “16 tenses “. Maka lebih jelasnya perhatikan
bentuk-bentuk waktu berikut:
1 PRESENT TENSE
2 PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
3 PAST TENSE
4 PAST CONTINOUS TENSE
5 SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
6 PAST FUTURE TENSE
7 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
8 PAST PERFECT TENSE
9 FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE
10 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
11 PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
12 FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
13 FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
14 FUTURE PAST CONTINOUS TENSE
15 FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSE
16 FUTURE PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
*Rumus:
1) Positif (+) = S+V1(es/s)+O
2) Negatif (-) = S+Do/does+Not+V1+O
3) Introgatif(?) =Do/does+S+V1+O
*Example:
1. (+) He writes a letter every month
(-) He doesn’t writes a letter every month
(?) Dors he writes a letter every month?
Ex:
(+) He is works every day
(-) He is not works every day
(?) Is he works every day?
1. Usually
Ex: I usually get up at 5 o’clock
2. Always
Ex: I always drink milk
3. Often
Ex: I often goes to my grand mother house
4. Generally
Ex: A rectangular has four corner
5. Seldom
Ex: She seldom goes to school by car
*Rumus:
1. Positif : S+V.ing+O
2. Negatif : S+do/does+not+V1+O
3. Introgatif : Do/does +S+V1+O
*Example:
1. (+) I am teaching English at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI
(-) I am not teaching English at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI
(?) Am I teaching Englidh at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI?
C.TIME SIGNAL
1. Today
Ex : Iam today teaching English
2. Right now
Ex : Rini is working right now
3. When
Ex : Rina is coming hear when I go to park
4. Now
Ex : Roy is going to Bandung now
5. Still
Ex : He is still angry to me
A. PAST TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+) : S+V2+O
Negatif (-) : S+Did not+V2+O
Introgatif (?): Did+S+V2+O
*Example:
1. (+) Sarah invite me last week
(-) Sarah did not invite last week
(?) Did Sarah invite last week?
1. Last Year
Ex: I went to Yogjakarta last year
2. Yesterday
Ex: Dini went to my home yesterday
3. Last Week
Ex: I fineshed my worked lasr week
4. Ago
Ex: She taught English three days ago
5. Last Saturday
Ex: I went to here last Saturday
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+was/were+vVing+O
2. Negatif (-): S+was/were+not+v.ing+o
3. introgatif (?): was/were+S+v.ing+o
*Example:
1. (+)The third year student were sitting behind the teacher’s now yesterday
(-) The third year student were not sitting behind the teacher’s now yesrterday
(?) Were the third year student sitting behind the teacher’s now yesterday?
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung pada masa
yang lampau.
c. Bentuk ini, juga digunakan untuk menyatakan dua kejadian yang bersamaan waktu
dan berlangsung lama pada masa yang lampau.
C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Last Week
Ex: at seven o’clock last week
2. Yesterday
Ex: all day yesterday
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+shall+/will+V1+O
2. Negatif(-): S+shall/will+not+V1+O
3. Introgatif (?): Shall/will+S+V1+O
*Example:
1. (+) He will go to Pasir Panjang tomorrow morning
(-) He will not go to Pasir Panjang tomorrow morning
(?) Will he go to pasir Panjang tomorrow morning?
1. Tomorrow
Ex: I shall work tomorrow
2. next week
Ex: I shall teach next week
3. Next Mounth
Ex: He will study in here next mounth
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+should/would+V1+O
2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+V1+O
3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+V1+O
*Example:
1. (+) I should go to Mojosari next day
(-) I should not go to Mojosari next day
(?) Should I go to Mojosari next day?
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan dilakukan pada masa
lampau.
C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Last year
Ex: He would go to Semarang last year
2. Last week
Ex: They would trip a Paris last week
3. Before
Ex: I should by a car the day before
4. Next day
Ex: She should go to Riau next day
5. Invited
Ex: They would come if you invited him
*Rumus:
1. Posituf (+) : S+have/has+V3+O
2. Negatif (-) : S+have/has+not+V3+O
3. Introgatif (?): Have/has+S+V3+O
*Example:
1. (+) We have learned English for two years
(-) We have not learned English for two years
(?) Have we learned English for two years?
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan di masa lampau dan kegiatan masih
berlangsung sampai saat ini.
c. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang baru saja telah terjadi.
1. Already
Ex: have had breakfast already
2. Three Times
Ex: I have been drink medicine three times a day
3. Finally
Ex: finally, He has started to finally
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+had+V3+O
2. Negatif (-): S+had not+V3+o
3. Intrigattif (?):Had+S+V3+O
*Example:
1. (+) The train had left before I arrived
(-) The train had not left before I arrived
(?) Had the train left before I arrived?
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang selesai sebelum kejadian lain terjadi
dimasa lampau.
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu
dimasa yang lampau.
Ex: (+) By the end of the mounth, she had lived here
(-) By the end of the mounth, she had not lived here
(?) Had by the end of the mounth, she lived here?
C. TIME SIGNAL
1. On
Ex: On sunday morning, I painted my car
2. When
Ex: When my brother arrived, I had painted my car
3. Before
Ex: The train had left before I arrived
4. After
Ex: She told me her name after I had asked her twice
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+shall/will+be+Ving+O
2. Negatif (-): S+shall/will+not+be+Ving+O
3. Introgatif (?): Shall/will+S+be+ving+O
*Example:
1. (+) I shall be waiting for you in this station at four
(-) I shall not be waiting for you in this station at four
(?) Shall I be waiting for you in this station at four?
2. (+) I shall be studying at this time tomorrow
(-) I shall not be studying at this time tomorrow
(?) Shall I be studying at this time tomorrow?
3. (+) I shall be waiting for you in this airport at three o’clock tomorrow evening
(-) I shall not be waiting for you in this airport at three o’clock tomorrow evening
(?) Shall I be waiting for you in this airport at three o’clock tomorrow evening?
b. Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan akan dilakukan dengan waktu tertentu, pada
masa mendatang.
Ex: (+) I shall be writing a letter at seven o’clock tomorrow
(-) I shall not be writing a letter at seven o’clock tomorrow
(?) Shall I be writing a letter at seven o’clock tomorrow?
C. TIME SIGNAL
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+have/has+been+Ving+O
2. Negatif (-): S+have/has+not+been+Ving+O
3. Itrogatif (?): Have/has+S+been+Ving+O
*Example:
1. (+) I have been going to Pantai Samudra for my holiday since 2002
(-) I have not going to Painting Samudra for my holiday since 2002
(?) Have I going to Pantai Samudra for my holiday since 2002?
2. (+) Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak has been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003
(-) Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak has not been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003
(?) Has Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003?
3. (+) She has been painting every day for a long time
(-) She has not painting every day for a long time
(?) Has she painting every day or along time?
a. Digunakan untuk mnyatakan suatu perbuatan yang menjadi kebiasaan pada masa
yang lampau, dan perbuatan itu masih berlangsung hingga saat ini.
Ex: (+) I have been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990
(-) I have not been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990
(?) Have I been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990?
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang telah terjadi dimasa lampau
dan akan berlangsung sampiai sekarang.
Ex: (+) I have been studying here since 2000
(-) I have not been studying here since 2000
(?) Have I been studying here since 2000?
C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Since
Ex: We have been waiting for you since ne o’clock
2. For
Ex: She has been studying English for over five tears
3. This mounth
Ex: I have been studying at his place this mounth
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+had+been+vVng+O
2. Negatif (-) :S+had+not+been+Ving+O
3. Introgatif (?): Had+s+been+ving+o
*Example:
1. (+) Dodi had been looking for the girl for a year before he applied her
(-) Dodi had not been looking for the girl for a year before heapplied her
(?) Had Dodi been looking for the girl for a year before he applied her?
4. (+) When I came, his father had been leaving for six hours
(-) When I came, his father had not been leaving for six hours
(?) When I came, had his father been leaving for six hours?
Ex: (+) I had been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet
(-) I had not been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet
(?) Had I been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet?
C. TIME SIGNAL
1. When
Ex: I finished my dinner, Peter had been
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+will/shall+have+V3+O
2. negatif (-) : S+will/shall+not+have+V3+O
3. Introgatif (?): Will/shall+S+have+V3+O
*Example:
1. (+) She will have written his lesson by time he go out
(-) She will not have written his lesson by time he go out
(?) Will she have written his lesson by time he go out?
5. (+) When my uncle comes tomorrow, my grandmother will have left my house
(-) When my uncle comes tomorrow, my grandmother will not have left my house
(?) When my uncle comes tomorrow, will my grandmother have left my house?
B. FUNGSI FUTURE PERFECT TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbutan yang akan selesai, Sebelum waktu
yang lain dimasa mendatang.
Ex: (+) By next week he will have read this book
(-) By next week he will not have read this book
(?) Will by next week he have read trhis book?
b. Juga digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa akn selesai sebelum perbuatan
lain, dimasa yang akan datang.
Ex: (+) When I comes, my uncle will have left my house
(-) When I comes,my uncle will not have left my house
(?) Will when I comes,my uncle have left my house?
C.TIME SIGNAL
1. By the end of
Ex: John will have done his work by the end of this week
2. By next
Ex: By next week he will have read this book
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+shall/will+have+been+Ving+O
2. Negatif (-): S+shall+will+not+have+been+Ving+O
3. Introgatif (?):Shall/will+S+have+been+Ving+O
*Example:
1. (+) I shall have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow
(-) I shall not have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow
(?) Shall I have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow?
2. (+) By next fast day I shall have been teaching here six mounths
(-) By next fast day I shall not have been teaching here six mounths
(?) By next fast day shall I have been teaching here six mounths?
3. (+) Next moon Hevy will have been studying here for two years
(-) Next moon Hevy will not have been studying here for two years
(?) Next moon will Hevy have been studying here for two years?
4. (+) Next week Bu Yusni will have been teaching at SMK 2 MEI school for one
years
(-) Next week Bu Yusni will not have been teaching at SMK 2 MEI school for one
year
(?) Next week will Bu Yusni have been teaching at SMK 2 MEI school for one year?
5. (+) He will have been working in the office at this time tomorrow
(-) He will not have been working in the office at this time tomorrow
(?) Will he have been working in the office at this time tomorrow?
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah dikerakan pada masa
yang lampau,dan masih berlangsung pada waktu tertentu dimasa yang akan datang.
Ex: By the end of this year we shall have been studying Jerman for five year
C. TIME SIGNAL
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+should/would+be+Ving+O
2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+be+V.ing+O
3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+be+V.ing+O
*Example:
1. (+) I should be finishing this home work at this time following week
(-) I should not be finishing this home work at this time following week
(?) Should I be finishing this home work at this time following week?
4. (+) She would be finishing this job at this time following moon
(-) She would not be finishing this job at this time following moon
(?) Would she be finishing this job at this time following moon?
5. (+) They would be having examination at this time the following year
(-) They would not be having examination at this time the following year
(?) Would they be having examination at this time the following year?
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang akan sedang dilakukan pada masa
yang lampau.
Ex: I should be taking an examination at this time the following day
C. TIME SIGNAL
Last week
Ex: At six o’clock last week, I should be buying in this supermarket
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+should/would+have+V2+O
2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+have+V2+O
3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+not+have+V2+O
*Example:
1. (+) I should have paif if I had come here
(-) I should not have paif if I had come here
(?) Should I have paif if I had come here?
4. (+) I hoped that you would have married before you worked here
(-) I hoped not that you would have married before you worked here
(?) Would I hoped that you have married before you worked here?
5. (+) I hoped that you would have paif before you come here
(-) I hoped not that you would have paif before you come here
(?) Would I hoped that you have paif before you come hare?
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi karena
syarat yang tidak terpenuhi, namun hanya sebagai bayangan saja.
Ex: (+) He would have graduated if he had studied hard
(-) He would not have graduated if he had studied hard
(?) Would he have graduated if he had studied hard?
C. TIME SIGNAL
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+should/would+have+been+V.ing+O
2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+have+been+V.ing+O
3. Inttrogatif (?): Should/would+S+have+been+V.ing+O
*Example:
1. (+) By last Febuary I should have been working this restaurant for one year
(-) By last Febuary I should not have been working this restaurant for one year
(?) should by last Febuary I have been working this restaurant for one year?
2. (+) By last July we should have been studying this school for three years
(-) By last July we should not have been studying this school for three year
(?) Should by last July we have been studying this school for three years?
3. (+) By last fast day he would have been living this apartement for five years
(-) By last fast day he would not have been living this apartement for five years
(?) Would by last fast day he have been living this apartement for five years?
4. (+) She would have been teaching English for one years by last Friday
(-) She would not have been teaching English for one years by last Friday
(?) Would she have been teaching English for one years by last Friday?
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah sedang berlangsung pada
waktu yang lampau.
Ex: (+) By last lebaran I should have been working in that office for five years
(-) By last lebaran I should not have been working in that office for five years
(?) Should by last lebaran I have been working in that office for five years?
C. TIME SIGNAL
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