Perancangan Gable PDF
Perancangan Gable PDF
KUDA-KUDA
KUDA BAJA TIPE GABLE
Afret Nobel, ST
Akan Ahli Struktur
Daftar Isi
1. Pendahuluan ................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Peraturan umum ..................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Ketentuan umum .................................................................................................................... 4
2. Perencanaan Gording ...................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Pembebanan gording .............................................................................................................. 5
2.1.1 Beban mati ...................................................................................................................... 5
2.1.2 Beban hidup .................................................................................................................... 5
2.1.3 Beban angin ..................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Analisis pembebanan .............................................................................................................. 5
2.2.1 Akibat beban mati ........................................................................................................... 5
2.2.2 Akibat beban hidup ......................................................................................................... 5
2.2.3 Akibat beban angin.......................................................................................................... 6
2.3 Kombinasi pembebanan.......................................................................................................... 6
2.4 Cek profil gording .................................................................................................................... 7
2.4.1 Tinjauan terhadap tekuk lokal pelat sayap ..................................................................... 7
2.4.2 Tinjauan terhadap tekuk lokal pelat badan..................................................................... 8
2.4.3 ...................................................................................... 8
Tinjauan terhadap tekuk lateral
2.4.4 Kombinasi antara geser dan lentur ................................................................................. 9
Kontrol kuat geser nominal gording tanpa pengaku lateral: .......................................................... 9
Kuat geser badan tanpa adanya pengaku: ...................................................................................... 9
2.4.5 Kontrol lendutan ............................................................................................................. 9
3. Perhitungan batang tarik (Trackstang) .......................................................................................... 11
4. Perhitungan Ikatan Angin .............................................................................................................. 12
5. Perhitungan Kuda-kuda (Gable) .................................................................................................... 13
5.1 Pembebanan pada balok gable ............................................................................................. 13
5.1.1 Beban gording ............................................................................................................... 14
5.1.2 Tekanan angin pada bidang atap .................................................................................. 15
5.1.3 Tekanan angin pada bidang dinding ............................................................................. 15
5.1.4 Gambar skema pembebanan ........................................................................................ 16
5.2 Kontrol profil kuda-kuda gable.............................................................................................. 17
5.2.1 Rafter ............................................................................................................................. 17
5.2.2 Kolom ............................................................................................................................ 21
5.3 Perencanaan peletakan ......................................................................................................... 26
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1. Pendahuluan
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2. Perencanaan Gording
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= 39.98 cm3
2.4.3
Tinjauan terhadap tekuk lateral
3 3 3 3
J=∑bt =(50×3.2 ×3)+(3.2×150 )+(3.2(20-3.2) =3606mm4
- 3 3
E.G.J .A
X1 = (π / Sx)
- 2
200,000×80,000×3606,15× 781
X1 = (π / (37.4×103))
=12608,71 Nmm
- 2
2
Iw = Iy
H
t
= 28×104 (150 − 2×3.2)2 =1443467200 mm6
- 4
4
2
2
Iw = 4 39.98×10
3
X 2 = 4 Zx 1443467200
Gj
Iy 80,000×3606.15 280,000
-
Lr = ry X1 1+ 1+ X 2× fl 2
- fl
Lr = 5.7112608,71 1+ 1+ (3.3×10−4) ×1702 = 2768.14 mm
- 170
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- Mn = Cb(Mp − (Mp − Mr )) Lb − Lp
Lr − Lp
=9.596-(9.596-6.358) 2000-919,6 =10,01kNm
2768,14-919,6
4 Px × L3 5×0,047×60004
0.174×60003
δ x = 5× qdx × L =
384× E × Iy 48× E × Iy 384× 200,000× (28×104) 48× 200,000× (28×104)
δ x = 14.18 mm
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4
5× qdy × L Py × L
3 5× 0,267 × 60004
0.985× 60003
δ x= =
384× E × Ix 48× E × Ix 384× 200,000× (280×104) 48× 200,000× (280×104)
δ x = 8,041 mm
δ = δ dx2 +δ dy2 ≤ L
240
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N = P = = 1,91 = 2,60 kN
cos β cos51,78
N = 2,6x1000 = 16,26 mm2
σ = N → Fn = σ
Fn 160
Fbr = 125% x Fn = 1,25 x 16,26 = 20,33 mm2
Fbr = ¼ π d2, dimana:
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2,03 m
15,23 m
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t2 = 24 mm Sy = 722 cm3
• Gording P2 s/d P15 (karena terletak pada tengah balok, maka menerima beban satu
kali jarak gording = 1.016 m)
- Berat sendiri penutup atap : 6 m x 20 kg/m2 x 1.016m = 121.92 kg
- Berat sendiri gording : 6 m x 6.76 kg/m = 40.56 kg
- Berat sendiri balok : 1.016 m x 185 kg/m = 187.96 kg
- Berat alat penyambung : 10% x BS = 18.796 kg
- Beban hidup : = 100 kg
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Dengan cara yang sama untuk mempermudah perhitungan beban-beban pada gording
dilakukan secara tabel sebagai berikut:
Table 4 Tabel pembebanan pada gording
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5.2.1 Rafter
Modulus elastisitas (E) = 200,000.00 Mpa
Modulus geser (G) = 80,000.00 Mpa
Tegangan leleh (fy) = 240.00 Mpa
Tegangan putus (fu) = 70.00 Mpa
Data profil:
Efek kolom:
Menentukan panjang tekuk rafter (Jepit-jepit):
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fy = 1 7,643.67
λcx = π1 Lkx
rx
π
240 = 0.29
E
293 200,000
fy = 1 509,58
λ cy = π1 Lky 240 = 0.08
ry E π 67.8 200,000
Nnx = Ag × fy ω x = 5,559,938.28 N
Nny = Ag × fyω y = 5,652,000.00 N
(Nu/ ϕNn)<1…OK
Efek balok:
h1 = tf + r = 24 + 28 = 52.00 mm
h2 = ht – 2(h1) = 700 – 2 (52) = 596.00 mm
h = ht – tf = 700 – 24 = 676.00 mm
3
J = Σbt /3 = 3,242,281.33 mm
Iw = (Iy.h2)/4 = (108,000.6762)/4 = 1.23E+13 mm6
Zx = (b.tf)(h-tf)+tw(0.5h-tf)(0.5h-tf) = 6,352,372.00 mm3
= 12,223.05 Mpa
X 1 = π EGJA
Zx 2
2 Iw = 2.74E-04 mm2/N2
X 2 = 4 Zx ( GJ ) Iy
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λ = bf/2tf = 6.25
λp = 170/√fy = 10.97
λ = (h - 2tf)/tw = 48.31
λp = 1680/√fy = 108.44
λr = 2550/√fy = 164.60
Mp = Zx fy = 1,524,569,280.00 Nmm
fl = fy - fr = 170.00 MPa
Lb = 1,019.16 mm
Lp = 1.76*ry*√(E/fy) = 344.06 mm
Lr = ry*(X1/fL)*√(1+√(1+X2*fL2)) = 9,722.10 mm
Cb = 2.30
βm=M1x/M2x = 0.39
Nu/фNn = 0.02
6,36√E/fy = 183.60
Aw = tw x ht = 9,100.00 mm2
Vn = 0,6 fy Aw = 1,310,400.00 N
5.2.2 Kolom
Modulus elastisitas (E) = 200,000.00 Mpa
Modulus geser (G) = 80,000.00 Mpa
Tegangan leleh (fy) = 240.00 Mpa
Tegangan putus (fu) = 70.00 Mpa
Data profil:
Efek kolom:
Menentukan nilai perbandingan kekakuan pada rangka:
∑ I
column
Gix = L =10.00( for hinge)
∑ I beam
L
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∑ I
column
Gjx = L = 3.06
∑ I beam
L
∑ I
column
Giy = L =10.00( for hinge)
∑ I beam
L
∑ I
column
Gjy = L = 3.06
∑ I beam
L
Menurut Smith, 1996, faktor panjang tekuk dapat ditentukan tanpa nomogram, tetapi dengan
menggunakan rumus dan untuk portal bergoyang adalah:
fy = 1 7,643.67
λcx = π1 Lkx
π
240 = 0.43
rx E 293 200,000
fy = 1 509,58
λ cy = π1 Lky
ry
240 = 0.37
π 67.8 200,000
E
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(Nu/ ϕNn)<1…OK
Efek balok:
h1 = tf + r = 24 + 28 = 52.00 mm
h2 = ht – 2(h1) = 700 – 2 (52) = 596.00 mm
h = ht – tf = 700 – 24 = 676.00 mm
3 = 3,242,281.33 mm
J = ∑ bt
3
2 2 = 1.23E+13 mm6
Iw = Iy.h =108,000× 676
4 4
Zx = (b.tf)(h-tf)+tw(0.5h-tf)(0.5h-tf) = 6,352,372.00 mm3
= 12,223.05 Mpa
X 1 = π EGJA
Zx 2
2 Iw = 2.74E-04 mm2/N2
(
X 2 = 4 Zx
GJ ) Iy
λ = bf/2tf = 6.25
λp = 170/√fy = 10.97
Ny = A fy = 56,520.00
Nu/ϕNy = 2.57
λ = h/tw = 52.00
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λp = 1680/√fy = 38,73
λr = 2550/√fy = -147.89
Mp = Zx fy = 1,524,569,280.00 Nmm
fl = fy - fr = 170.00 MPa
Lb = 5,000 mm
Lp = 1.76*ry*√(E/fy) = 344.06 mm
Lr = ry*(X1/fL)*√(1+√(1+X2*fL2)) = 9,722.10 mm
Cb = 1.74
βm=M1x/M2x = 0
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Nu/фNn = 0.03
6,36√E/fy = 183.60
Aw = tw x ht = 9,100.00 mm2
Vn = 0,6 fy Aw = 1,310,400.00 N
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130,502
σb = = 0.41 Mpa < 25 Mpa
320,000
5.3.2
Penentuan jumlah angkur
Diambil diameter angkur = 19 mm
Vu < nVd
.
Digunakan 4 Ø 19 mm angkur.
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Sehingga digunakan S1 = 65 mm
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δ = 2 Ab = 2 × 388.28 = 6.68 mm
g 116.20
0 =112.50(505,521−1,422x + x2)
X = 606.48 mm
σ (h − x)
σ3= 1 x ⇔ σ 3 = 0.17σ1
σ1 =189.91Mpa
σ3=32.73Mpa
Tu = δ gσ = 6.68×116.20×169.55 =131,666.65 N
2
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Tu < ϕf Tn …(OK)
Vd =φ f r1 fub Abm
φVn = 0.75×0.4×800×380.29×1=90,857.22 N
Vu1< ϕf Vn …(OK)
Rd = 2,4φ f db fupTp
Vu1< ϕf Rn …(OK)
Vu 20,926.26
fuv = < r1φ f fubm = < 0.4× 0.75× 780×1
nA 4,659.34
b
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Td =φ f ft Ab
φ f Tn = 0.75×585×388.28 =170,357.28 N
Tu =131,666.65 =10,927.22 N
n 12
24 13 1.5 200,000×240×24
φ Rb = 0.79×132 1+3
(
700 24
)
13
> Ru
φ Rb =1,308,340.55 > Ru
Rb = 981,255.41> 20,926.26 → OK
3 3
φ Rb = Cr×E×tw ×tf 1+0.4
( h /tw) > Ru
h2 ( L/bf )3
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3 3
φ Rb = 3.25×200,000×13 ×24 1+0.4
( 700/13) > Ru
3
7002 (1000/300)
φ Rb = 79,737.65 > Ru
3
φ Rb = 24.08×13 200,000×240 > 20,926.26 N
700
Kesimpulan : Sambungan aman dan pelat badan tidak perlu diberi pengaku.
δ = 2 Ab = 2 × 388.12 = 6.68 mm
g 116.20
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0 =112.50(505,521−1,422x + x2)
X = 606.50 mm
σ (h − x)
σ3= 1 x ⇔ σ 3 = 0.17σ1
σ1 = 481.13 Mpa
σ3=82.90Mpa
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Tu < ϕf Tn …(OK)
Vd =φ f r1 fub Abm
φVn = 0.75×0.4×780×380.29×1=90,820.66 N
Vu1< ϕf Vn …(OK)
Rd = 2,4φ f db fupTp
Vu1< ϕf Rn …(OK)
Vu 100,867.80
fuv = < r1φ f fubm = < 0.4× 0.75× 780×1
nA 4,657.47
b
Td =φ f ft Ab
φ f Tn = 0.75×585×388.12 =170,288.74 N
Tu = 333,449.80 = 27,787.48 N
n 12
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Rb = 535,860.00 >100,867.80N → OK
24 13 1.5 200,000×240×24
φ Rb = 0.79×132 1+3 (
700 24
) 13
> Ru
φ Rb =1,308,340.55 > Ru
Rb = 0.75×1,308,340.55 >100,867.80N
Rb = 981,255.41 >100,867.80N → OK
3 3
φ Rb = Cr×E×tw ×tf 1+0.4 ( h / tw) > Ru
h2 ( L/bf )3
3
3.25×200,000×133×24 ( 700/13)
φ Rb = 1+0.4 > Ru
3
7002 (1000/300 )
φ Rb = 79,737.65 > Ru
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3
φ Rb = 24.08×13 200,000×240 >100,867.80N
700
φ Rb = 523,611.43 >100,867.80N
Rb = 0.75×523,611.43 >100,867.80N
Rb = 392,708.57 >100,867.80N → OK
41,064.56 ≤ As × 240
41,064.56
As ≥
240
As ≥171.10 mm2
1
bs > ×300 − 0.5×13
3
bs > 93.50 ≈ 95 mm
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93.50 ≤16.70
ts
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6. Perhitungan Pondasi
6.1 Data Perencanaan
Kuat tekan beton (f’c) = 25 mPa
Kuat tarik baja tulangan (fy) = 400 mPa
Daya dukung tanah ( σ ) = 250 kN/m2
Berat jenis tanah( γ ) = 18 kN/m2
σ ≥ ∑2 + ∑
P P×e
b 1 6 b3
Dipakai b = = 1.0 m
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M = σ × B × 0,302 2
σ min σ σ
σ max max
a
φ M n = As f y d −
2
Dipakai 5D13
1
As = π 132 × 5 = 663.66 mm2
4
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As f y
a=
0,85 fc'b
663.66 × 400
a= = 12.49 mm
0,85 × 25 ×1000
>Mu OK
Tulangan minimum :
ration Tulangan minimum untuk plat ( ρmin ) = 0,0018
Asmin = 0, 0018 × 1000 × 300 = 540 mm2
As > OK
Tulangan maksimum
As max = 0, 75 ×
( 0,85 f ) β
c
'
600
bd
fy
1
( 600 + f y ) w
( 0,85 × 25) β 600
As max = 0,75 × 1 200 ×1000 = 4064.06 mm2
400 ( 600 + 400 )
As < OK
Dipakai tulangan 5D13 ⇔ D13 – 200
Tulangan susut diambil 20% dari tulangan lentur
σ
σ max
V = σ
u (
max
+σ ) 2 × B ×100
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f c' 25
φVc = φ bd = 0,75 200 ×1000
6 6 = 125 kN
> Vu OK
Tidak diperlukan tulangan geser
h+d/2
1750
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2 f' b d
V = 1 + c 0
c1 β 6
c
α d f' b d
V = s + 2 c 0
c2 b 12
0
V = 1/ 3 f ' cb d
c3 0
V = 1/ 3 25 × 3200 × 200 = 1066.67 kN
c3
dipakai Vc min = 1066.67 kN
ϕVc = 0.75 x Vc = 800 kN
Vc > Vu OK
Maka tidak diperlukan tulangan geser.
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7. Kesimpulan
Item Ukuran
Dimensi gording C150.50.20x3.2
Dimensi batang tarik (trackstang) Ø 5 mm
Dimensi ikatan angin Ø 6 mm
Dimensi profil gable WF 700.300.13.24
Dimensi baut pada sambungan puncak 12 Ø 7/8”
Dimensi baut pada sambungan rafter dengan kolom 12 Ø 7/8”
Dimensi base plat 400 x 800 (tebal 24 mm)
Dimensi angkur 4 Ø 19
Dimensi pondasi 1000 x 1000 mm
Tulangan pondasi 5D13 ≈ D13-200 mm
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Referensi
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