Penyusun
Uji Kompetensi.............................................................................................. 35
Glosarium........................................................................................................ 38
ii
Bahan ajar ini menyajikan materi Bentuk Aljabar kelas VII yang
berbasis kemampuan Pemahaman Matematis. Modul ini dirancang sesuai
dengan kompetensi dasar yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah dan Teori
Belajar Ausubel. Dalam Teori Belajar Ausubel terdapat beberapa
tahapan dalam Teori Belajar Ausubel diantaranya:
Materi Prasyarat
iii
Indikator Pembelajaran
Tujuan Pembelajaran
Materi Prasyarat
Operasi Hitung Bilangan Bulat Sifat Operasi Hitung Bilangan Bulat KPK dan FPB
Bentuk Aljabar
KATA KUNCI
Asosiatif
Komutatif Suku
Distributif
Konstanta Suku sejenis
Faktor
Koefisien Variabel
Ayo ingat kembali materi sebelumnya yang kita pernah pelajari. Dulu
di bab 1 kita telah mempelajari sifat–sifat dari operasi hitung pada
bilangan bulat. Masih ingatkah kalian?
2 × (3 + 2) = (2 × 3) + (2 × 2)
=6+4
= 10
Coba selesaikanlah !
1. 7 × (5 × 2) = ⋯
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2. 2 × (4 + 6) = ⋯
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2𝑥 6
= +2
2
2𝑥+6
= 2
=𝑥+3
Bentuk Aljabar(a)
Langkah – langkah:
- Membuat pemisalahan
- Mengubah ke bentuk aljabar.
Agus dan Dani hari ini mereka akan bermain kelereng bersama. Agus
membawa 2 kotak berisi kelereng, 3 toples berisi kelereng dan 4 buah
kelereng berada di genggaman tangannya. Sedangkan Dani membawa 1
kotak berisi kelereng, 4 toples berisi kelereng dan 2 buah kelereng
yang ada di saku celananya. Tentukan bentuk aljabar kelereng yang
mereka bawa untuk bermain hari ini!
Asumsi: Jumlah kelereng setiap kotak adalah sama
Jumlah kelereng setiap toples adalah sama
Penyelesaian:
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2𝑎 + 4𝑏 − 6
Apa yang dimaksud dengan bentuk aljabar?
Disebut apakah angka dan huruf tersebut?
konstanta
𝟐𝒂 −𝟒 𝒃 +𝟔
Variabel Variabel
Konstanta adalah suku dari suatu bentuk aljabar berupa bilangan yang
tidak memuat variabel.
𝟐𝒂 −𝟒𝒃 +𝟔
Bentuk aljabar yang terdiri dari satu suku disebut monomial contoh 2𝑎,
dan −4𝑏
Bentuk aljabar yang terdiri dari dua suku disebut Binomial, contoh
−4𝑏 + 6 , 3𝑥 − 5
Bentuk aljabar yang 2𝑎 − 4𝑏 + 6 terdiri dari tiga suku disebut trinomial.
Sedangkan bentuk aljabar yang lebih dari empat suku kata disebut
polinomial, 2𝑎 – 3𝑝 + 𝑘 – 12
Ayo lakukan !
(**)
Refleksi 1!
1) ...........................................................
2) ...........................................................
1) ...........................................................
2) ...........................................................
3) ...........................................................
Mari Berlatih 1
(1)
1. Tentukan koefisien 𝑥 pada bentuk aljabar berikut!
1 1
a. 3𝑥 d. 2 3 𝑥 g. −3 2 𝑝𝑥
b. – 𝑥 e. −20𝑥 h. 6𝑎𝑥𝑦
1
c. 𝑥 f. −16𝑚𝑥 i. 0,5𝑥
4
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3. Manakah yang merupakan contoh bentuk aljabar dan bukan bentuk
aljabar di bawah ini! (2)
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1
l. −2𝑥 + 𝑦
1
m. + 4 = 8,5
2
4 5 20
n. ×2=
3 6
2
o. −4𝑥 + 1
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Modul Matematika | SMP Kelas VII
Proyek 1 (***)
Alokasi waktu
30 menit
Siapkan :
Langkah-langkah :
11
(a)
1. Penjumlahan bentuk aljabar
3 × 1 = 3 yang artinya 3 × 1 = 1 + 1 + 1
2 × 1 = 2 yang artinya 2 × 1 = 1 + 1
Jika 3 × 1 = 3 dan angka 1 diubah menjadi a maka :
3 × a = 3a atau ditulis 3 × a = a + a + a = 3a
2 × a = 2a atau ditulis 2 × a = a + a=2a
𝑛 × 𝑎 = 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 … + 𝑎 = 𝑛𝑎
Dengan n adalah koefisien dan 𝑎 adalah variabel
Penyelesaian
Diketahui :
Pesanan Bu Irna : ...........................................................
Pesanan Bu Laras : ...........................................................
Maka bentuk aljabar yang diperoleh:
Misal :
Banyaknya kue coklat dalam keranjang = 𝑎
maka :
pesanan Bu Irna = … … 3𝑎 + 2𝑎 = 5𝑎
pesanan Bu Laras = … …
Jadi kue yang harus dibuat oleh ibu Asih sebanyak 5 keranjang, dengan
setiap keranjang memiliki jumlah yang sama.
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 3 =2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 3
13
+×+=+
−×−=+
3𝑥 + (−𝑥) = 2𝑥 +×−=−
Diperoleh 3𝑥 −𝑥 = 2𝑥 −×+=−
Penyelesaian:
14
2. = 3𝑝 + 9 – 2𝑝 + 1 ................................................
= ⋯ – 2𝑝 + ⋯ + ⋯ ................................................
= ⋯+ ⋯ ................................................
1. Sifat komutatif :
𝒂+𝒃=𝒃+𝒂
2. Sifat assosiatif :
𝒂 + (𝒃 + 𝒄) = (𝒂 + 𝒃) + 𝒄
3. Sifat Distributif terhadap penjumlahan dan
pengurangan :
𝒂𝒃 + 𝒂𝒄 = 𝒂(𝒃 + 𝒄)
𝒂𝒃 + 𝒂𝒄 = 𝒂(𝒃 + 𝒄)
4. Menabahkan lawan (invers)
𝒂 − 𝒃 = 𝒂 + (−𝒃)
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(a)
3. Perkalian bentuk aljabar
1) 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑏𝑎
2) 𝑝(𝑎 + 𝑏) = 𝑝𝑎 + 𝑝𝑏
3) 𝑝(𝑎 − 𝑏) = 𝑝𝑎 − 𝑝𝑏
4) 𝑝(𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑐) = 𝑝𝑎 + 𝑝𝑏 − 𝑐𝑝
5) (𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑐)𝑝 = 𝑎𝑝 + 𝑏𝑝 − 𝑝𝑐
𝑎−𝑏+𝑐+𝑑 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑
6) = 𝑝 − 𝑝 + 𝑝 + 𝑝 dengan 𝑝 ≠ 0
𝑝
𝑦 𝑧
7) 𝑥𝑦𝑧: 𝑝 = 𝑥 𝑝 . 𝑧 = 𝑥𝑦. 𝑝 dengan 𝑝 ≠ 0
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= 2𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + (−3𝑥) + (−12)
= 2𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 12
INGAT!
2
= 2𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 12 +×+=+
−×−=+
+×−=−
Distributif −×+=−
Contoh 1:
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 3) = 𝑥(𝑥 − 3) + 2(𝑥 − 3)
= 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 + (−6)
= 𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 6
Tabel
Contoh :
(2𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 4)
× 𝑥 4
2𝑥 2𝑥 2 8𝑥
−3 −3𝑥 −12
(2𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 4) = 2𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 12
= 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 12
18
3𝑥𝑦(4𝑦+2𝑥)
= 3𝑥𝑦
= 4𝑦 + 2𝑥
8𝑎2 + 4𝑎
(8𝑎2 + 4𝑎): 4𝑎 =
4𝑎
…(…+ … )
= 4𝑎
= ⋯+⋯
20
1) ..........................,
2) .......................... dan
3) ...............................
21
Alokasi waktu
30 menit
Siapkan :
Langkah–langkah :
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𝑥+3 𝑥+4
𝑥−2
𝑥+2
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Contoh :
Peyelesaian:
Faktor dari 2𝑥 = 2 × 𝑥
kamu peroleh:
2𝑥(5𝑥 + 1).
sebagai berikut.
𝒂𝒙 + 𝒂𝒚 = ⋯ ( … + ⋯ )
26
Contoh 2:
Penyelesaia:
Faktor dari 6𝑥 2 = ⋯ × … × … × …
Faktor dari 9𝑥 2 = ⋯ × … × … × …
kamu peroleh:
6𝑥 2 9𝑥2
= 2𝑥 = 3𝑥
… …
3𝑥(… + ⋯ )
(𝒂 + 𝒃)(𝒂 − 𝒃) = ⋯ − ⋯ + ⋯ − ⋯
= ⋯− ⋯
( )( )
1. 𝑎2 − 9 = 𝑎2 − 32
= (𝑎 − 3)(𝑎 + 3)
2. 36𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 = (6𝑥)2 − (… )2
= (… + 2𝑦)(6𝑥 − ⋯ )
= .........................
3. 𝑚4 − 𝑚2 𝑛3 = 𝑚2 (… − 𝑛2 )
= 𝑚2 (… + ⋯ )(… − ⋯ )
= .........................
contoh.
1. 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 2, dan 𝑐 = −3
2. 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 7 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = −5 dan 𝑐 = 7
3. 4𝑥 2 − 9 𝑎 = 4, 𝑏 = 0 dan 𝑐 = −9
4. 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 6 dan 𝑐 = 0
28
berikut!
Contoh:
Penyelesaian:
12
dijumlahkan hasilnya 7.
29
Contoh :
Penyelesaian:
Faktor dari
Jumlah
14
1 14 ........
2 ........ 9
7 ........ ........
dijumlahkan hasilnya.
dan 𝒂 ≠ 𝟎(a)
contoh :
Penyelesain:
Faktor dari
Jumlah
24
1 24 25
2 12 14
Yang kita gunakan
3 8 11 perkalian
4 × 6 = 24
4 6 10
Jika dijumlahkan
4 + 6 = 10
Contoh :
Penyelesaian :
Faktor dari
jumlah
…
.......... .......... ..........
6 −1 −6
.......... .......... ..........
Maka diperoleh :
−6𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 𝑦𝑧 = ⋯ + ⋯ + ⋯ + ⋯
= ⋯+ ⋯+ ⋯+ ⋯
= ⋯ … … … … … … … … ….
= ⋯ … … … … … … … … ….
Sehingga, faktor dari −6𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 𝑦𝑧 adalah .....................
Jadi −6𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 𝑦𝑧 = ⋯ … … … … … … … … …
Ayo lakukan !
Refleksi 4! (**)
1. .................................................
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Alokasi waktu
30 menit
Siapkan :
Lanngkah – langkah :
35
(3 + 10) cm. Jika keliling persegi panjang tersebut 144 cm, maka
A. 37 cm dan 35 cm
B. 39 cm dan 33 cm
C. 42 cm dan 30 cm
D. 49 cm dan 23 cm
A. 𝑖, 𝑖𝑖
B. 𝑖, 𝑖𝑖𝑖 36
A. 2𝑥 + 3 = 18
B. 2𝑥 − 3 = 18
C. 𝑥 + 3 = 18
D. 𝑥 − 3 = 18
6. Perhatikan pernyataan berikut!
i. 4𝑥 2 − 9 = (2𝑥 + 3)(2𝑥 − 3)
ii. 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 3 = (2𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 1)
iii. 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6 = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 2)
iv. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 = (𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 1)
Pernyataan yang benar adalah...
A. 𝑖 dan 𝑖𝑖
B. 𝑖𝑖 dan 𝑖𝑖𝑖
C. 𝑖 dan 𝑖𝑖𝑖
D. 𝑖 dan iv
A. 6𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 20
B. 6𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 20
C. 6𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 − 20
D. 6𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 − 20
8. Perbandingan penjang dan lebar persegi panjang 3:1. Jika keliling
A. 334 cm2
B. 260 cm2
37
D. 288 cm2
2 3𝑥+2
9. Hasil dari 3𝑥 + adalah ...
9𝑥
3𝑥++4
A. 12𝑥
7𝑥+3
B. 9𝑥
3𝑥+8
C. 9𝑥
3𝑥+4
D. 9𝑥
3𝑥 6𝑥 2
10. Hasil dari : adalah...
2 4
2
A. 𝑥
2
B. − 𝑥
1
C.
𝑥
1
D. − 𝑥
A. -4
B. 4
C. 9
D. 14
12. Diketahui 𝐴 = −7𝑥 + 5 dan 𝐵 = 2𝑥 − 3. Nilai A-B adalah...
A. −9x + 2
B. −9x + 8
C. −5x + 2
D. −5x + 8
13. Penyelesaian dari 4𝑥 + 5 = 3𝑥 + 9 adalah...
A. -4
B. 4
C. 9
D. 14
38
A. 2
B. -1
C. 1
D. -2
A. 2
B. -3
C. 1
D. 3
a) 5𝑎 – 8 + 2𝑏
b) 2𝑎 – 3𝑝 + 𝑘 – 12
c) 8𝑎 + 5𝑏 + 3
2. Apakah yang dimaksud dengan koefisien dalam bentuk aljabar?
a) 5𝑎 – 8 + 2𝑏
b) 2𝑎 – 3𝑝 + 𝑘 – 12
c) 8𝑎 + 5𝑏 + 3
3. Apa yang dimaksud dengan konstanta dalam bentuk aljabar? Kemudian
a) 5𝑎 – 8 + 2𝑏
b) 2𝑎 – 3𝑝 + 𝑘 – 12
c) 8𝑎 + 5𝑏 + 3
4. Perhatikan bentuk–bentuk aljabar berikut!
a) 5𝑎 − 𝑏 + 8 39
a) 5𝑎 − 8 + 𝑏
b) 2𝑎 − 3𝑝 + 3𝑘 − 13
c) 8𝑏 + 4𝑏 + 3
d) 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 2𝑥 + 4
segitiga tersebut!
7. Yuda dan dinda masing – masing berumur 11 tahun dan 6 tahun. Dalam
a) 5 × (2𝑎 − 3)
b) (𝑎 + 5) × (2𝑏 − 1)
c) 2𝑎 × (4𝑏 × 3)
d) 3𝑎(2𝑏 + 2𝑐)
9. Perhatikan bentuk–bentuk aljabar berikut!
a) 𝑎 × 𝑏 = 𝑏 × 𝑎
b) 𝑎 + (𝑏 + 𝑐) = (𝑎 + 𝑏) + 𝑐
c) 𝑎 × (𝑏 × 𝑐) = (𝑎 × 𝑏) × 𝑐
40
Jelaskan!
terpanjang?
𝑥+2
1.
2.
𝑥+1 𝑥+1
𝑥+1
16. Carilah kelilingnya! kemudian carilah niali 𝑥 nya dan manakah yang
𝑥+3 𝑥+4
𝑥−2
𝑥+2
41
diketahui.
variabel.
Konstanta adalah suku dari suatu bentuk aljabar berupa bilangan yang
Suku sejenis adalah suku yang memiliki variabel yang sama dengan
nilainya.
42
As’ari, A.Rahman, M.Tohir, Erik Valentino, dkk. (2016). Matematika SMP kelas
VII. Jakarta : Puasat Kurikulum dan Perbukuan, Balitbang, Kemendikbud.
Umi Salamah. (2018). Berlogika dengan Matematika untuk kelas VII SMP dan
MTS. Solo : PT. Tiga Serangkai Pustaka Mandiri.
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