Disusun Oleh :
Esti Handayani (18032010013)
Gambar 1 Menentukan
Ukuran Kertas A0
Karena ukuran kertas gambar A0 mempunyai luas x.y = 1.000.000 mm 2,
dengan y=x√2 , maka x2√2 = 1.000.000 mm2 sehingga diperoleh lebar 841 mm
(dibulatkan) dan panjang 841√2 = 1189 mm. Untuk mendapatkan ukuran kertas
gambar lainnya adalah dengan cara membagi dua panjangnya, sehingga ukuran:
1. A1 adalah ½ dari A0.
2. A2 adalah ½ dari A1.
3. A3 adalah ½ dari A2.
4. A4 adalah ½ dari A3.
Sesuai dengan standar ISO (International Standardization for
Organization) dan NNI (Nederland Normalisatie Instituet) selanjutnya kertas
gambar diberi garis tepi sesuai dengan ukurannya.
Pada tabel di bawah ditetapkan ukuran batas tepi bawah, tepi atas dan
tepi kanan (C) sedangkan tepi kiri untuk setiap ukuran kertas gambar ditetapkan
20 mm.
Penetapan jarak ini dimaksudkan untuk memberikan jarak sehingga jika
kertas gambar dibundel tidak akan mengganggu gambarnya.
Tabel 1.
Standar Ukuran Kertas
Ukuran (mm)
Jenis Kertas Tepi Kiri (mm) C (mm)
L P
A0 841 1189 20 10
A1 594 841 20 10
A2 420 594 20 10
A3 297 420 20 10
A4 210 297 20 5
A5 148 210 20 5
Gambar 2
Penulisan huruf dan angka tegak
a. Penulisan Huruf dan Angka secara miring (750)
Gambar 3
Penulisan Huruf dan Angka secara miring (750)
Keterangan tabel:
a. Tinggi huruf kecil; tinggi huruf kecil disini adalah tinggi huruf kecil diantara
huruf yang dipakai, tinggi huruf kecil ini tanpa tangkai dan kaki (huruf b, k,
l = bertangkai dan j, g = berkaki).
b. Tinggi huruf kecil untuk tipe A = (10/14).h dan untuk tipe B = (7/10).h
c. Jarak antar huruf; jarak antar huruf disini adalah jarak antara huruf yang
satu dan lainnya dalam satu kata. Untuk tipe A (2/14).h dan untuk tipe B
(2/10).h.
d. Jarak antar garis; jarak antar garis disini adalah jarak antara batas bawah
huruf besar di atas dan batas atas huruf besar di bawah.
e. Jarak antar kata; bila dalam suatu kalimat ada dua kata yang disambung
(misalnya baja nikel) maka jarak antara kata baja dan nikel tersebut
dianjurkan sebagai berikut: untuk penggunaan tipe huruf A jaraknya
6/14.h dan untuk tipe huruf B jaraknya 6/10.h.
f. Tebal huruf yaitu tebal pena yang digunakan untuk membuat huruf. Ukuran
pena tersebut harus disesuaikan dengan tinggi huruf dan tipe huruf yang
digunakan. Tebal huruf yang dianjurkan untuk tipe A adalah 1/14.h dan
untuk tipe B yaitu 1/10.h.
Tabel 4.
Ukuran Huruf dan Angka
Ukuran huruf/angka Penggunaan
2.5 mm Toleransi
3.5 mm Skala dari detail
Tanda pengerjaan
Skala (pada etiket)
Daftar Bagian (pada etiket)
Digambar/diperiksa (pada etiket)
Penunjukan ukuran, tulisan – tulisan
Perubahan, pemesanan (pada etiket)
5 mm Skala
Nama Instansi
Potongan, Pandangan, detail
7.5 mm Nomor Bagian
Nomor Gambar
Judul Gambar (pada etiket)
8. Jenis Huuruf
Jenis huruf yang dpat digunakan antara lain : ISOCT SHX tegak atau
miring, Technic bolt TT dan ISOTEUR miring.
Gambar 4
Jenis huruf Bolt
TT
Gambar 5
Jenis huruf
ISOHCT
Gambar 6
Jenis Huruf
ISOTEUR
9. Tata
Letak (Layout)
a. Kepala
Gambar (etiket)
Setiap
gambar kerja yang
dibuat, selalu ada
etiketnya. Etiket
dibuat di sisi kanan
bawah kertas
gambar. Pada
etiket (kepala
gambar) ini kita
dapat
mencantumkan:
nama yang membuat gambar
judul gambar
jenis proyeksi
Gambar 7
Contoh Etiket
b. Skala
Skala merupakan perbandingan ukuran antar objek pada gambar dengan
d. Jika menggunakan lebih dari satu skala pada satu gambar, hanya skala
utama saja yang ditunjukkan pada etiket. Skala lainnya ditetapkan
berdekatan dengan gambar bagian atau huruf yang menunjukkan detail
gambar.
10. Proyeksi
Proyeksi adalah gambar dari benda nyata atau khayalan, yang
dilukiskan menurut garis-garis pandangan pengamat pada suatu bidang
datar/ bidang gambar. Proyeksi juga berfungsi untuk menyatakan wujud
benda dalam bentuk gambar yang diperlukan.
Dari sudut pandangnya, proyeksi terbagi 2 yaitu :
a. Proyeksi Piktorial, yang memiliki pandangan 3 dimensi. Proyeksi
piktorial memiliki beberapa macam :
a.1. Proyeksi Aksonometri
Proyeksi ini merupakan proyeksi gambar dimana bidang-bidang atau
tepi benda dimiringkan terhadap bidang proyeksi, maka tiga muka dari benda
tersebut akan terlihat serentak dan memberikan gambaran bentuk benda seperti
sebenarnya.
Gambar 8 Proyeksi
Aksonometri
a.2 Proyeksi Isometri
I. LINE CONVENTIONS
A. The lines shown in Figure 1.1 are to be used in all mechanical drawings. The
corresponding AutoCAD linetype and lineweight are given next to each linetype.
B. The AutoCAD linetype scale (LTSCALE) for mechanical drawings plotted at a scale of 1:1 shall
be set according to the table shown below:
C. The linetype scale shall be modified proportionally for drawings plotted at scales other than 1:1.
For example, if the drawing scale is 1:2 for a metric drawing, the LTSCALE shall be set to 6
(=12 x ½).
II. DRAWING CONVENTIONS
AUXILIARY VIEWS
A. Auxiliary views shall be connected to the adjacent view from which they are developed
by a single center line or an extension line connecting identical external edges of the
part. The centerline shall go through the same feature in both views. The extension line
shall have a gap between the visible edge of the part and the extension line equal to .
09” (2 mm) (see Figure 2.1).
B. The break line on all partial auxiliary views shall be smooth curve (see Figure 2.1).
C. Hidden lines shall be omitted on features when they appear foreshortened in orthographic views.
PARTIAL VIEWS
D. The break line on all partial views shall be created with a smooth curve (see Fig. 2.1).
SECTION VIEWS
E. The break line on all broken-out section views shall be created with a smooth curve (See Fig. 1.1).
F. The plotted arrowhead size on the cutting-plane line shall be .25” (6 mm), two times
(2x) the size of the dimension arrow.
G. Cutting-plane lines shall be drawn with thick phantom lines (lineweight = 0.6 mm) (See Fig. 1.1).
I. The cutting-plane line shall extend .50” (12 mm) from the edge of the object and
extend at right angles .50” (12 mm) from the extension (see Fig. 2.2).
CONVENTIONAL BREAKS
J. Solid cylinders may be broken into shorter segments in a drawing. When the solid cylinder
is broken, the ends shall be shown with a conventional shaft break. The dimensions for
drawing the shaft break are shown in Fig. 2.3.
DIMENSION APPEARANCE
C. The plotted size of text (including dimensions) shall be .125” (3 mm). All tolerances
shall be drawn at full text height.
D. All drawing text shall have a thin lineweight (lineweight = 0.3 mm).
E. Dimensions and drawing notes shall specify decimal numbers and not fractions. All
fractions shall be converted to decimals with the appropriate decimal places
according to the tolerance specifications.
F. If an extension line crosses an arrowhead the extension line shall be broken around the arrowhead.
G. When more than one diameter is dimensioned in a single note always point to the
outside (larger) circle.
H. A leader line shall end with the same style and size arrowhead as used with
dimension lines. The leader line shall be oriented close to 45°, but between 30° and
60°, and not horizontal or vertical.
I. When inch dimensions are shown in a millimeter drawing the abbreviation “IN” shall
follow the inch value. When millimeter dimensions are shown in an inch drawing the
abbreviation “mm” shall follow the millimeter value.
J. When dimensioning with dual dimensions, square brackets shall be used around the
second unit value.
L. Symbols are preferred over the corresponding complete word or abbreviation in dimensions
and drawing notes. The symbols are shown in Figure 3.2. Dimensions for symbols shown
are as plotted. The dimension variable, h, represents the plotted dimension text height. For
decimal-inch drawings h=.125”, and for metric drawings h=3 mm.
M. Symbols shall be selected from the GDT font in AutoCAD. If the standard symbol
shown in Fig. 3.2 does not exist in the GDT font, then it shall be created according to
the dimensions given in Fig. 3.2.
N. Where no symbol exists, standard abbreviations are preferred over complete words.
DIMENSIONING PROCEDURE
All drawing text shall be placed in Paper Space.
To convert from inches to millimeters multiply the inch value by 25.4 to find the corresponding
value in millimeters. To convert from millimeters to inches multiply the inch value by .03937 to
find the corresponding value in inches.
Conversion from fractional-inch to decimal-inch units shall take into account the full number of
decimal places. The number of decimal places shown in the dimension shall be truncated
according to the required tolerance level.
Example:
L. The preferred basic sizes for computing tolerances in decimal-inch units are given in two
tables below. When specifying fits, the basic size of mating parts shall be chosen from the
decimal series or the fractional series.
IV. TABLES
BILL OF MATERIALS
A. The bill of material table shall be attached to the top of the title block.
B. The bill of material table shall show part numbers in increasing order from bottom to top.
C. The bill of material table format shall consist of, from left to right: item number,
quantity, part name, part description.
D. Text in the bill of material shall be placed on a layer with thin continuous lines.
E. The description in the bill of material for a non-standard part shall be the
drawing number corresponding to the detail drawing of the part. Standard
parts shall be described with a manufacturer name and catalog number or
common description.
F. The parts called out in an assembly drawing with balloons shall be identified with
numbers. The font shall be the same as used in the dimension text. The part numbers
shall be centered horizontally and vertically in the balloons. The plotted text size and
balloon diameter shall vary according to the drawing paper size (see table below).
Paper Size
Balloon Diameter Text Size
Inch ISO
A A4
11 mm (.44”) 3 mm (.125”)
B A3
C A2
13 mm (.50”) 5 mm (.19”)
and larger and larger
G. The balloons, leaders, and part numbers in the balloons shall be placed on a
layer with thin continuous lines.
H. The bill of material, balloons, leaders, and all related text shall be placed in Paper Space.
I. Balloons shall be attached to leaders radially. Balloons shall not have landings.
REVISION TABLES
J. The revision table shall be fixed in the top right corner of the drawing border. It shall be
visible at all times.
K. The revision table shall show revision numbers in increasing order from top to bottom.
9000WestCollegeParkway,PalosHills,Illinois,604 Page V-
Engineering Drawing & CAD Standards 2010
L. The revision table format shall consist of, from left to right: zone, revision,
description, date, approved.
M. Revisions will be identified on the drawing with an equilateral triangle with 13 mm (.50”)
sides. Each revision triangle will have a capital letter corresponding to the specific revision
identified in the revision table. The height of the revision letter in the triangle revision letter
shall be 3 mm (.125”). The letter shall be middle-center justified in the triangle.
N. Revision identifiers and associated text shall be placed on a layer with thin continuous lines.
P. The description of the revision shall include the previous value and the new value.
Q. Revision identifiers shall be placed adjacent to the feature or dimension being revised.
V. DRAWING MEDIA
A. All mechanical drawings shall be plotted using the ANSI (inch) paper sizes. ISO (metric)
paper sizes will not print on the CAD Dept. printers. All metric drawings shall be printed on
the equivalent ANSI- size paper. The paper conversion table is shown below.
B. Drawings larger than 8.5” x 11” (A-size) must be folded to a final size of 8.5” x 11”. In
all cases, the title block with student name must be visible. Folding instructions are
shown in the figures on the following page.
Symbol
9000WestCollegeParkway,PalosHills,Illinois,604 Page VI-
Engineering Drawing & CAD Standards 2010
Approximate width of THICK lines for metric drawings, 0.7 mm and for inch drawings, 0.032 inch. Approximate
width of THIN lines for metric drawings, 0.35 mm and for inch drawings, 0.016 inch. These approximate line
widths are intended to differentiate between THICK and THIN lines and are not values for control of acceptance
or rejection of the drawings.
White metal, zinc, lead, babbitt, and Marble, slate, glass, porcelain,
alloys etc.
Table 2: American National Standard Symbols for Section Lining ANSI Y14.2M-1979, R1987
American National Standard Symbols for Datum Referencing in Engineering Drawing ASME Y 14.5M-1994
9 0 0 0 W e s t C o l l e g e P a r k w a y , P a l o s H i l l s , I l l i n o i s , 6 0 4 Page VI-
Engineering Drawing & CAD Standards 2010
DIN steel stockholders and suppliers, delivering to the whole of the UK. DIN steel
specifications are German standards developed by the "Deutsches Institut für Normung",
meaning "German Institute for Standardisation". The institute is a member of the
European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and the International Standards
Organization (ISO).
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Stainless Steel Tool Steel Alloy Steel
Stainless Steel Tool Steel Alloy Steel
X8CrNiS 18-9 45NiCrMo16 34CrNiMo6
XCrNi 19-11 55NiCrMoV7 36NiCrMo16
X5CrNi 18-10 90MnCrV8 42CrMo4
X2CrNiMo 17- X45NiCrMo4 55Si7
13-2
X5CrNiMo 17-2- 60WCrV8 30NCD16
2
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X12Cr13 X100CrMoV5
X12CrS13 X153CrMoV12
X20Cr13 X210Cr12
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X42Cr13 X40Cr14
X17CrNi 16-2 X40CrMoV5-1
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100MnCrW4
40CrMnMo7
9 00 0 W e s t C o l l e geParkway,Palo sHills,Illinois,604 Page VI-
40CrMnMoS8-6
Engineering Drawing & CAD Standards 2010
C.