R = P. y ................................................ (3.1)
di mana :
R = reaksi tumpuan
P = beban
y = ordinat grafik
Garis Pengaruh RA
∑M B =0
R A .L = 0
RA = 0 ................................................ (3.2)
∑M A =0
− RB . L + P. L = 0
RB = P ................................................ (3.3)
Garis Pengaruh RB
∑M B =0
R A .L − P. L = 0
RA = P ................................................ (3.4)
∑M A =0
− RB . L = 0
RB = 0 ................................................ (3.5)
R A = P1 . y1 + P2 . y 2 .................................... (3.6)
RB = P1 . y 3 + P2 . y 4 .................................... (3.7)
Contoh 3.1
Penyelesaian :
y1 1 6 3
= maka y1 = =
6 8 8 4
y2 1 4 1
= maka y2 = =
4 8 8 2
109 Mekanika Rekayasa 1
y3 1 2 1
= maka y3 = =
2 8 8 4
y4 1 4 1
= maka y4 = =
4 8 8 2
Reaksi Tumpuan
R A = P1 . y1 + P2 . y 2
3 1
R A = 2. + 1.
4 2
6 1 6+2
RA = + =
4 2 4
RA = 2 ton
RB = P1 . y 3 + P2 . y 4
1 1
RB = 2. + 1.
4 2
2 1 2+2
RA = + =
4 2 4
RB = 1 ton
GARIS PENGARUH 110
∑M B =0
P. X
RA = .................................... (3.8)
L
P. X
MC = .c .................................... (3.9)
L
P. X
MC = .c
L
P.( L − c )
MC = .c .................................... (3.10)
L
Untuk P = 1 maka
1.( L − c )
MC = .c
L
( L − c)
MC = .c .................................... (3.11)
L
GARIS PENGARUH 112
∑M A =0
P.( L − X )
RB = .................................... (3.12)
L
M C = RB .( L − c )
P.( L − X )
MC = .( L − c ) ........................ (3.13)
L
P.( L − X )
MC = .( L − c )
L
P.{ L − ( L − c )}
MC = .( L − c )
L
P.c
MC = .( L − c ) .................................... (3.14)
L
Untuk P = 1 maka
P.c
MC = .( L − c )
L
c
MC = .( L − c ) .................................... (3.15)
L
113 Mekanika Rekayasa 1
CC ' ( L − c)
= untuk CC ' = y maka
AA' L
AA'.(L − c )
y= .................................... (3.16)
L
ab c
=
1 L
c
ab = .................................... (3.17)
L
Contoh 3.2
Penyelesaian :
Dari soal di atas dapat digambarkan sebagai berikut
115 Mekanika Rekayasa 1
Pada Kedudukan I :
AA'.(L − c)
y=
L
4.(10 − 4)
y= = 2,4 m
10
Untuk ordinat y1 :
y1 4
=
y 6
4 4
y1 = . y = .2,4
6 6
y1 = 1,6 m
GARIS PENGARUH 116
Pada Kedudukan II :
4(10 − 4)
y= = 2,4 m
10
Untuk ordinat y2 :
y2 2
=
y 4
2 2
y2 = . y = .2,4
4 4
y2 = 1,2 m
M Cmaks = P1. y + P2 y2
M Cmaks = 3,5.2,4 + 2.1,2
M Cmaks = 10,8 tm
2
y4 = m
5
y6 6 6 6 2
= maka y6 = . y5 = .
y5 4 4 4 5
3
y6 = m
5
DCmaks = P1. y3 + P2 y4
3 2
DCmaks = 3,5. + 2.
5 5
DCmaks = 2,9 ton
DC min = P1. y5 + P2 y6
2 3
DC min = 3,5. + 2.
5 5
DCmaks = 2,6 ton
Contoh 3.3
Penyelesaian :
Garis Pengaruh RA :
∑M B =0
R A . L1 + P . ( L2 − X 1 ) = 0
− P . ( L2 − X 1 ) P ( L2 − X 1 )
RA = = (−)
L1 L1
GARIS PENGARUH 120
P ( L2 − 0) P . L2
RA = = ( −)
L1 L1
3. 2 6
RA = = ton ( − )
8 8
P ( L2 − L2 )
RA = =0
L1
∑M B =0
R A . L1 − P . X 2 = 0
P. X2
RA =
L1
P. X2
RA =
L1
3 . 5 15
RA = = ton
8 8
P . L1
RA = =P
L1
R A = 3 ton (+)
121 Mekanika Rekayasa 1
Garis Pengaruh RB :
∑M A =0
− RB . L1 + P . { L1 + ( L2 − X 1 )} = 0
P . { L1 + ( L2 − X 1 )}
RB =
L1
P . { L1 + ( L2 − 0)} P.( L1 + L2 )
RB = =
L1 L1
3 . (8 + 2) 30
RB = = ton ( + )
8 8
P . { L1 + ( L2 − L2 )}
RB = =P
L1
RB = 3 ton ( + )
∑M B =0
RB . L1 − P . ( L1 − X 2 ) = 0
P . ( L1 − X 2 )
RB =
L1
GARIS PENGARUH 122
P . ( L1 − X 2 )
RB =
L1
3 . (8 − 5) 9
RB = = ton
8 8
P . ( L1 − L1 )
RB =
L1
RB = 0
3 . 5 15
Y = = = 1,875 m
8 8
Y1 2
= = 0,4 m
Y 5
Kedudukan I :
M Dmaks = P . Y = 3 . 1,875 = 5,625 tm ( + )
Kedudukan II :
M Dmaks = P . Y1 = 3 . 0,4 = 1,2 tm ( + )
Y2 5 5
= = maka Y2 = = 0,625 m
1 8 8
Y3 3 3
= = maka Y2 = = 0,375 m
1 8 8
Y4 2 5
= = maka Y2 = = 0,25 m
1 8 8
Contoh 3.4
Penyelesaian :
A. Garis Pengaruh Mc
Mencari ordinat y
U .V 4.6 24
y= y= = = 2,4 m
L 10 10
y1 1 y 2,4
= y1 = = = 0,6 m
y 4 4 4
y2 2 2y 2 . 2,4
= y2 = = = 1,2 m
y 4 4 4
y3 3 3y 3 . 2,4
= y3 = = = 1,8 m
y 4 4 4
y4 5 5y 5 . 2,4
= y4 = = = 2,0 m
y 6 6 6
y5 4 4y 4 . 2,4
= y5 = = = 1,6 m
y 6 6 6
y6 3 3y 3 . 2,4
= y6 = = = 1,2 m
y 6 6 6
Pada Kedudukan I :
MC maks = P1 . y 2 + P2 y 3 + P3 . y + P4 . y 4
M C maks = 19,2 tm ( + )
Pada Kedudukan II :
MC maks = P1 . y1 + P2 y 2 + P3 . y 3 + P4 . y
M C maks = 16,2 tm ( + )
MC maks = P1 . y 5 + P2 y 4 + P3 . y + P4 . y 3
MC maks = 19,8 tm ( + )
Pada Kedudukan IV :
MC maks = P1 . y 6 + P2 y 5 + P3 . y 4 + P4 . y
MC maks = 18,8 tm ( + )
B. Garis Pengaruh DD
Kedudukan dari Garis Pengaruh DD tergantung dari Mc maks yang
diperoleh yaitu pada kedudukan III
127 Mekanika Rekayasa 1
Mencari ordinat y :
y7 7 7
= y7 = = 0,7 m
1 10 10
y8 6 6
= y8 = = 0,6 m
1 10 10
y9 5 5
= y9 = = 0,5 m
1 10 10
y10 4 4
= y10 = = 0,4 m
1 10 10
y11 2 2
= y11 = = 0,2 m
1 10 10
y12 3 3
= y12 = = 0,3 m
1 10 10
y13 4 4
= y13 = = 0,4 m
1 10 10
y14 5 5
= y14 = = 0,5 m
1 10 10
DD maks = P1 . y10 + P2 y 9 + P3 . y8 + P4 . y 7
y1 = y 2 ................................................ (3.19)
y1 = y 2
X.y ( L − L1 − X ) y
=
U V
X . V = ( L − L1 − X ) . U
( L − L1 − X ) . U
X =
V
Selanjutnya diserdehanakan menjadi persamaan :
UL UL1 UX
X = − −
V V V
UX UL UL1
X + = −
V V V
U UL − UL1
X (1 + )=
V V
V U UL − UL1
X( + )=
V V V
V +U UL − UL1
X( )=
V V
X ( V + U ) = UL − UL1
131 Mekanika Rekayasa 1
X . L = UL − UL1
UL − UL1
X = .......................................... (3.23)
L
( y1 + y ) . (U − X )
F1 = .......................... (3.24)
2
( y 2 + y ) . [ (V − ( L − L1 − X ) ]
F2 = .............. (3.25)
2
Mencari Ordinat
V
y3 = .................................................... (3.26)
L
V − L1
y4 = .................................................... (3.27)
L
GARIS PENGARUH 132
U
y5 = .................................................... (3.28)
L
( y 3 + y 4 ) . [ (V − ( L − L1 − X ) ]
F3 = ...... (3.30)
2
y5 . U
F4 = ..................................................... (3.31)
2
Contoh 3.5
Penyelesaian :
y1 = y 2
133 Mekanika Rekayasa 1
Mencari ordinat :
U .V 4.6 24
y= y= = = 2,4 m
L 10 10
GARIS PENGARUH 134
X.y X . 2,4
y1 = y1 = = 0,6 X
U 4
(5 − X ) y (5 − X )2,4
y2 = y2 =
6 6
12 − 2,4 X
y2 = y 2 = 2 − 0,4 X
6
y1 = y 2
0,6 X = 2 − 0,4 X
0,6 X + 0,4 X = 2
X =2
M C maks = q . ( F1 + F2 )
( y1 + y ) . (U − X )
F1 =
2
135 Mekanika Rekayasa 1
( y 2 + y ) . [ (V − ( L − L1 − X ) ]
F2 =
2
M C maks = 13,5 tm
Mencari Ordinat
V 6
y3 = = = 0,6 m
L 10
V − L1 6−5 1
y4 = = = = 0,1 m
L 10 10
U 4
y5 = = = 0,4 m
L 10
GARIS PENGARUH 136
( y3 + y 4 ) . [ (V − ( L − L1 − X ) ]
F3 =
2
y5 . U
F4 =
2
0,4 . 4 1,6
F4 = = = 0,8 m 2
2 2
DC maks = q . F3
DC m min = q . F4
R = P1 + P2 ..................................................... (3.32)
Jarak X :
R . X = P1 . L1
P1 . L1
X = ..................................................... (3.33)
R
139 Mekanika Rekayasa 1
1 1
BC = L− x
2 2
1
BC = ( L − x ) ...................................... (3.34)
2
AD = L − L1 − BC
1 1 1 1
AD = L − L1 − L + x = L + x − L1
2 2 2 2
1 1 2
AD = L + x − L1
2 2 2
L + x − 2 L1
AD = ...................................... (3.35)
2
1
L− (L − X )
y L − BC 2
= =
B B' L L
y L − BC
= =
BC L
1
L− (L − X )
L − BC 2 1
y=( ) BC = (L − X )
L L 2
1 1
L− L+ X
y= 2 2 . 1 (L − X ) = L + X . 1 (L − X )
L 2 2L 2
(L + X ) . (L − X )
y=
4L
L2 − X 2
y= ...................................... (3.36)
4L
L + X − 2 L1
y1 2 L + X − 2 L1
= =
B B' L 2L
L + X − 2 L1
2L L + X − 2 L1
y1 = =
1 L( L − X )
(L − X )
2
141 Mekanika Rekayasa 1
L + X − 2 L1
y1 = ...................................... (3.37)
L( L − X )
Contoh 3.6
Penyelesaian :
∑M C =0
R . X = P1 . 3 = 1,75 . 3 = 5,25
GARIS PENGARUH 142
5,25
X = P1 . 3 = 1,75 . 3 =
R
R = P1 + P2 = 1,75 + 3,5 = 5,25 t
5,25
X = = 1m
5,25
Jarak BC = 4,5 m
Jarak AD = 2,5 m
143 Mekanika Rekayasa 1
M C maks = P1 . y1 + P2 . y
Contoh 3.7
Penyelesaian :
R = P1 + P2 + P3 = 2 + 4 + 4 = 10 t
∑M C =0
R . X = P1 . 3,5 + P2 . 2
R . X = 2 . 3,5 + 4 . 2 = 15
15 15
X= = = 1,5 m
R 10
Kedudukan I
M C maks = P1 . y1 + P2 . y 2 + P3 . y
Kedudukan II
M maks = P1 . y 3 + P2 . y 4 + P3 . y 5
M maks = 19,58 tm