I. MPKT B
2
IV. Pengantar Teknik Kimia
CONTACT PERSON:
Rafifah Hasna
081284458897 / rafifahsn
3
SOAL UAS MPKT B 2015
Tetes air yang ditunggu akhirnya datang juga di bulan November 2015 ini. Hal ini
terutama sangat menggembirakan bagi beberapa daerah yang selam aini dilanda
kekeringan
dan bencana asap. Beberapa titik api yang selama ini terdapat di beberapa daerah
sudah
Namun, baru saja datang dengan berkah dan harapan dari sejuta asa, hujan
sudah
membawa bencana. Sebut saja genangan dan banjir yang terjadi di Jakarta. Hujan
deras
jalan tergenang dan pohon tumbang. Hujan disertai petir juga melanda Bogor, Jawa
Barat.
Satu orang dilaporkan tewas akibat tersambar petir. Oleh karena itu, di beberapa
daerah
beserta dengan bencana lain yang mungkin menyertai curah hujan yang nanti sangat
tinggi
tepi sungai Ciliwung di Kampung Pulo, Jatinegara pun digusur meski ditentang keras
oleh
warga hingga terjadi bentrokan. Penggusuran di Kampung Pulo pun jalan terus.
Rumah-
rumah yang berdiri secara illegal di tepi sungai Ciliwung itu dirobohkan petugas. Badan
sungai Ciliwung yang menyempit hingga tinggal 8-20 meter diperlebar hingga 50 meter.
debit air sungai Ciliwung dengan membuat sodetan berupa saluran air 14 meter di
bawah
permukaan tanah sepanjang 1,2 km untuk mengalirkan air Ciliwung ke Kanal Banjir
Timur.
4
Sayangnya, dalam hal melawan banjir, Jakarta tak hanya berhadapan dengan
alam
tapi juga dengan kebiasaan buruk sebagian masyarakat membuang sampah secara
akibat banjir ini, Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) mencatat selama
2014
saja, 21 orang tewas akibat banjir di Jakarta. Apa boleh buat, Pemprov DKI Jakarta
harus
bekerja lebih keras untuk melawan banjir. Tidak banyak waktu tersisa sebelum puncak
Disarikan dari:
http://news.liputan6.com/read/2360558/kala-musim-penghujan-
datang
http://news.liputan6.com/read/2368768/jakarta-diminta-siaga-banjir-pertengahan-
desember-
2015
http://news.liputan6.com/read/2353959/puting-beliung-sapu-772-rumah-di-
bogor
http://tv.liputan6.com/read/2365869/barometer-pekan-ini-jakarta-melawan-
banjir
Tipe A (60%) – Jawablah soal di bawah ini terkait pemicu yang terdapat di
atas.
anda peroleh selama PBL 1 dan PBL 2. Jelaskan alasan pemilihannya. Jawablah
5
lingkungan tersebut Data kondisi lingkungan tersebut kemudian dapat dikirim
otomatis ke kantor pusat data. Di samping itu, edukasi kepada masyarakat juga
sangat
Gambarlah skema
sistemnya.
Tipe B (40%) – Jawablah soal di bawah ini dengan baik dan benar.
1. Jakarta merupakan daerah ibu kota yang sangat padat penduduknya. Menurut anda,
apakah ada keterkaitan antara pertambahan populasi penduduk dengan kondisi sungai
2. Menurut anda, apakah sebaiknya sampah-sampah yang dihasilkan dari limbah rumah
energi listrik? Apakah hal tersebut akan berdampak positif bagi lingkungan atau akan
3. Air bersih juga merupakan salah satu masalah pelik yang sering dihadapi masyarakat,
terutama di musim kemarau. Sangat ironi, terkadang sungai masih mengalir tetapi
sangat kotor akibat ulah manusia membuang sampah sembarangan. Karena tidak
memiliki pilihan, masyarakat masih menggunakan air kotor ini untuk kegiatan sehari-
hari yang berakibat pada timbulnya berbagai macam penyakit seperti penyakit kulit
dan diare. Menurut anda, kira-kira bagaimana menerapkan teknologi sederhana agar
masyarakat yang kekurangan air bersih ini masih bisa memanfaatkan air kotor ini?
(Nilai 10)
6
SOAL UAS MPK BAHASA INGGRIS 2015 (1)
A. Complete the passage with the correct form of verbs in parentheses. Some of the
This review will argue that Curitiba, in southern Brazil, is an important model
of good urban planning. Urban planning (1) _____ (deal) with the physical,
economic, and social development of cities. Today, urban population (2) _____
(increase) rapidly, and growing cities are putting enormous pressure on the
environment. For this reason, the type of urban planning found in Curitiba is more
planning can work. This (3) _____ (not always be) the case, however. At one time,
Curitiba (4) _____ (face) the same problems as many other cities all over the world,
namely overcrowding, pollution, and an increased demand for services, transport, and
By the 1940s, the population of Curitiba (5) _____ (grow) to about 150,000,
as the immigrants from other countries such as Japan, Syria, and Lebanon came to
work in agriculture and industry. These people needed both housing and
transportation. Curitiba’s leaders realized that it was not sensible to deal with these
Agache studied all aspects of the problem. He designed a scheme which (give)
(6) _____ (give) priority to public services such as sanitation and public transport. At
7
the same time, the scheme (7) _____ (include) centers which helped both community
life and commerce to develop, and reduced traffic congestion. This was the first
Unfortunately, some parts of his plan (8) _____ (not complete). The result, as
described below, was that his scheme only (9) _____ (serve) Curitiba for another 20
years.
inhabitants, so the city (10) _____ (must) rethink its needs. In order to do this, the
mayor put together a team of architects and town planners led by Jaime Lerner. This
team produced the Curitiba Master Plan. This considered of taking Agache’s original
plan and adding wide, high-speed roads which crossed the smaller streets. Their
proposals also included plans to minimize urban growth, reduce city-center traffic,
and preserve the city’s historic district. It is clear that the Curitiba Master Plan was
Environmental factors were added, such as a recycling program for household waste,
and parks and ‘green’ lands (12) _____ (protect) from development. However, good
growing population needs employment, so business parks and centers (13) _____
(added) to encourage small new businesses. All these challenges will continue as the
population of Curitiba increases, but its city planners (14) _____ (continually search)
challenges for urban planners will also grow. Many other cities are looking to
Curitiba for answers. Its planners have been courageous and innovative, and (15)
_____ (always put) the city’s inhabitants at the center of their design. Other city
B. Combine each of the following sets of sentences into a single longer sentence. (10
points)
8
1. Faith in political parties is declining across Europe. Trust in politicians seems
2. Scientists have long suspected this. Unremitting stress would cause damage to
4. No one knows this. Why were the stones in Stonehenge set up that way? It
5. Our political culture perpetuates the myth that strong leaders can bring about
6. Religions have long maintained this. Fasting is good for the soul. Its bodily
benefits were not widely recognized until the early 1900s. At that time,
conscious level. The truth is this. We are giving directions and suggestions to
A. Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow. (15 points)
migration is studied by sociologists and anthropologists. They seek to find the reasons
people move. They also study effects of migration on cultural geography. Migration
forced. Regardless of the motivation for migrating, when people of one culture are
transplanted to a different location, in both a geographic and cultural sense, there are
9
effects that last for years.
The causes for migration are either caused by push or pull factors. Push
factors are problems that force people to leave their home. War, disease, or natural
disasters are all examples of push factors. Push factors are characteristics of other
places that rouse people to move there, such as religious freedom, higher income, or
even better technology. When push factors are more prominent that pull factors, the
migration is seen as impelled or forced. Conversely, if pull factors are the main
motivators, the migration is classified as voluntary. The causes for relocating can be a
societies are transposed upon others, they create genetic, cultural and linguistic
changes. The spread cultural conventions such as ideas, cuisine, religion and
technology is called diffusion. The main vehicle for diffusion is migration because
people travel from one place to another, they bring along their culture. For example, in the early
century, several European groups, especially Italians, migrated to
impact is evident from physical appearance to diet. Most Argentines feature Italian
typical Argentine menu will include an assortment of pastas and wine, both which are
important staples of Italian cuisine. Even the Spanish spoken in Argentine is tinged
with Italian influences. The infection of Argentine Spanish is very similar to Italian.
established culture of their new communities. Groups of recent immigrants are often
pressured to assimilate or face ongoing prejudice from the host country. For example,
in the United States, there has been recent controversy is the fear that if features of
the foreign culture do not vanish, they will eventually overpower the majority culture.
population?
10
3. According to the passage, migration can lead to genetic, cultural and linguistic
4. Why does the writer state that the Argentine example defy the typical process
6. What is the main concern of people who oppose the bilingual education in the
US? (2 points)
7. Complete the table below with examples of push and pull factors of migration
(A – G) provided below the table. Two of the statements will NOT be used.
Factors Statements
Push _____
_____
_____
Pull _____
_____
choosing.
Write a summary of the passage above. You should write about 80 to 100 words.
Read the passage below and fill out the gaps using the words in the box. You can
use each word only once and there are more words than you need.
11
circumstances decision formally different
Ethical behavior essentially means acting in accordance with one’s moral and
ethical convictions as to what is right and what is wrong. Many commonly held
ethical convictions are written into our laws. But ethical behavior sometimes (1)
_____ us to do more than just (2) _____ with laws in order to avoid the (3) _____ of
breaking them. In some (4) _____, one can break the law and be fairly certain no one
Imagine, for example, that you (5) _____ a number of items from your local
supermarket and discovered when you got home that the cashier had failed to (6)
_____ you for a IDR 75,000 book you had chosen. What is your decision (7) _____?
Obviously, the book does not (8) _____ belong to you– you have not paid for it. But
why should you have to take the time and trouble to return to the store and pay for the
item? After all it wasn’t your failure. What would your (9) _____ be? Would it make
a (10) _____ if the item had a much higher or a much lower price?
Choose one out of several topics below and write a five-paragraph essay.
2. The effective ways to help the victims of forest fire or smoke haze in Riau.
3. What effects will be gained by Indonesian youths if they do not continue study to
4. The differences of learning English with English native speakers and non-native
speakers.
12
A. Part A (5 points)
Listen to a lecture by Jack Hayes who works in the CityCyclist. Decide if the
statements are TRUE or FALSE. You will listen the recording twice.
1. In London, parents don’t teach their children to ride because it is not safe.
_____
2. There is age limitation for people who want to join the training. _____
Listen to a lecture about Customer Psychology and complete the lecture notes.
I. Physical Organization
a. Placement of merchandise
b. (2) __________
a. Music
b. (9) __________
13
JAWABAN UAS MPK BAHASA INGGRIS 2015 (1)
Asisten Dosen : Shafira Anandita
A. Complete the passage with the correct form of verbs in parentheses. Some of the
B. Combine each of the following sets of sentences into a single longer sentence. (10
points)
2. Scientists have long suspected that unremitting stress would cause damage to
developing countries.
4. No one knows the reason why the stones in Stonehenge were set up that way
5. Our political culture perpetuates the myth that strong leaders can bring about
14
change single-handedly, but the developed world has few examples of leaders
democratic renewal.
6. Religions have long maintained that fasting is good for the soul, but its bodily
benefits were not widely recognized until the early 1900s when doctors began
epilepsy.
7. Subconscious mind responds to directives that come from the conscious level,
but the truth is that we are giving directions and suggestions to it virtually all
D. Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow. (15 points)
2. Migration makes diffusion possible because when people travel from one
place to another, they bring along their culture. (paragraph 3 line 4-5)
Cultural: The typical Argentine menu will include an assortment of pastas and
wine, both which are important staples of Italian cuisine. (paragraph 3 line 10-
11)
cultures diffuse into a new culture and not eliminating each other.
5. Most of the immigrants in the US are forced to assimilate with the existing
6. The main concern of people who oppose the bilingual education in the US is
the fear that if features of the foreign culture do not vanish, they will
15
eventually overpower the majority culture. (paragraph 4 line 5-7)
7. Table
Factors Statements
Push A E F
Pull B C
Write a summary of the passage above. You should write about 80 to 100 words.
The landscape of human geography is dynamic and varied, but one enduring
feature is the tendency to keep moving, which is called as migration. Migrations are
caused either by push or pull factors. Push factors such as war, disease, or natural
disasters, have caused people to migrate by force. While pull factors such as religious
freedom, higher income, or better technology, have caused people to migrate
voluntarily. Migrations create genetic, cultural and linguistic changes. One of the
examples is when the Italians moved to Argentine. But in some countries, such as in
the US, the immigrants are forced to assimilate with the existing culture because the
people fear that if the foreign culture do not vanish, they will eventually overpower
Read the passage below and fill out the gaps using the words in the box. You can
use each word only once and there are more words than you need.
g. Obligation
a. Requires h. Legally
b. Comply i. Decision
c. Penalty j. Difference
d. Circumstances
e. Purchased
f. Charge
Choose one out of several topics below and write a five-paragraph essay.
C. Part A (5 points)
Listen to a lecture by Jack Hayes who works in the CityCyclist. Decide if the
statements are TRUE or FALSE. You will listen the recording twice.
You can do this part by yourself.
Listen to a lecture about Customer Psychology and complete the lecture notes.
17
SOAL UAS MPK BAHASA INGGRIS 2015 (2)
A. Complete the passage with the correct form of verbs in parentheses. Some of the
Men who drink two or more glasses of soda or other sweetened drinks a day may
have a greater risk of heart failure, a Swedish study suggests. Previous research (1)
_____ (link) high consumption of sugary beverages with several risk factors for heart
failure, (2) _____ (include) high blood pressure, high blood sugar, weight gain,
diabetes, and obesity, said study leader Susanna Larsson of the Karolinska Institute in
beverages, Larsson and colleagues followed a group of about 42,000 men for an
average of almost 12 years. To assess drinking habits, they asked the men how many
soft drinks or sweetened juices they (3) _____ (drink) per day or per week. Over the
course of the study, there (4) _____ (be) about 3,600 new cases of heart failure. Men
who had more than two sweetened drinks a day had a 23 percent greater risk of
developing heart failure during the study that men who (5) _____ (consume, not)
these drinks. The study (6) _____ (prove, not, can) that sugary drinks cause heart
failure. Still, Larsson said by email, “The take-home message is that people who
regularly (7) _____ (drink) sweetened beverages should consider reducing their
consumption.” Even though the study (8) _____ (do) in men, women should also be
wary of sugary drinks, Larsson added. “Sweetened beverage consumption, by far, (9)
_____ (associate) with blood pressure, insulin concentration, weight gain, obesity and
type 2 diabetes also in women,” Larsson noted. More than 23 million people
18
worldwide have heart failure, which happens when the heart isn’t strong enough to
pump enough blood and oxygen through the body. Currently, the prevalence of the
condition (10) _____ (rise) due at least in part to consumption of sodas and other
sweetened beverages, Larsson and colleagues note in the journal Heart. (Reuters
Health)
B. Combine each of the following sets of sentences into a single longer sentence
points)
1. There was anxiety in areas. People were afraid of losing jobs in these areas. (1
point)
2. Diana Spencer married Prince Charles in 1981. Her life as the wife of the
consequences for the general school climate. The problem can have negative
fear. (2 points)
4. No two comets ever look identical. They have basic features in common. One
5. Many people insist this. Using Craiglist to date is a modern and efficient way
to make new contacts. One should be smart about how to go about it. Craiglist
is the free Web classifieds offering everything from used bikes to apartment
rentals. (3 points)
important events. The events are happening around the world. (3 points)
7. People become very depressed during the winter months. These people suffer
from seasonal affective disorder. Their depression appears to be the result of a
G. Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow. (15 points)
19
migration is studied by sociologists and anthropologists. They seek to find the reasons
people move. They also study effects of migration on cultural geography. Migration
forced. Regardless of the motivation for migrating, when people of one culture are
transplanted to a different location, in both a geographic and cultural sense, there are
The causes for migration are either caused by push or pull factors. Push
factors are problems that force people to leave their home. War, disease, or natural
disasters are all examples of push factors. Push factors are characteristics of other
places that rouse people to move there, such as religious freedom, higher income, or
even better technology. When push factors are more prominent that pull factors, the
migration is seen as impelled or forced. Conversely, if pull factors are the main
motivators, the migration is classified as voluntary. The causes for relocating can be a
changes. The spread cultural conventions such as ideas, cuisine, religion and
technology is called diffusion. The main vehicle for diffusion is migration because
people travel from one place to another, they bring along their culture. For example, in the early
century, several European groups, especially Italians, migrated to
impact is evident from physical appearance to diet. Most Argentines feature Italian
typical Argentine menu will include an assortment of pastas and wine, both which are
important staples of Italian cuisine. Even the Spanish spoken in Argentine is tinged
with Italian influences. The infection of Argentine Spanish is very similar to Italian.
20
established culture of their new communities. Groups of recent immigrants are often
pressured to assimilate or face ongoing prejudice from the host country. For example,
in the United States, there has been recent controversy is the fear that if features of
the foreign culture do not vanish, they will eventually overpower the majority culture.
population?
10. According to the passage, migration can lead to genetic, cultural and linguistic
changes. Give example for each change. (3 points)
11. Why does the writer state that the Argentine example defy the typical process
12. According to the passage, what happens to most immigrants to the US?
13. What is the main concern of people who oppose the bilingual education in the
US? (2 points)
14. Complete the table below with examples of push and pull factors of migration
(A – G) provided below the table. Two of the statements will NOT be used.
Factors Statements
Push _____
_____
_____
Pull _____
_____
choosing.
21
m. Disease spreads throughout the country.
Read the passage below and fill out the gaps using the words in the box. You can
use each word only once and there are more words than you need.
Ethical behavior essentially means acting in accordance with one’s moral and
ethical convictions as to what is right and what is wrong. Many commonly held
ethical convictions are written into our laws. But ethical behavior sometimes (1)
_____ us to do more than just (2) _____ with laws in order to avoid the (3) _____ of
breaking them. In some (4) _____, one can break the law and be fairly certain no one
Imagine, for example, that you (5) _____ a number of items from your local
supermarket and discovered when you got home that the cashier had failed to (6)
_____ you for a IDR 75,000 book you had chosen. What is your decision (7) _____?
Obviously, the book does not (8) _____ belong to you– you have not paid for it. But
why should you have to take the time and trouble to return to the store and pay for the
item? After all it wasn’t your failure. What would your (9) _____ be? Would it make
a (10) _____ if the item had a much higher or a much lower price?
WRITING (25 points)
22
Choose one out of several topics below, and write a five-paragraph essay.
Community).
E. Part A (5 points)
Listen to a lecture by Jack Hayes who works in the CityCyclist. Decide if the
statements are TRUE or FALSE. You will listen the recording twice.
1. In London, parents don’t teach their children to ride because it is not safe.
_____
2. There is age limitation for people who want to join the training. _____
intersections. _____
Listen to a lecture about Customer Psychology and complete the lecture notes.
a. Placement of merchandise
For example, (1) __________ near the back of the store.
b. (2) __________
a. Music
b. (9) __________
23
For example: (10) __________ in clothing stores.
24
JAWABAN UAS MPK BAHASA INGGRIS 2015 (2)
C. Complete the passage with the correct form of verbs in parentheses. Some of the
idUSKCN0SS2IA20151103)
6. Can’t prove
1. Has linked
7. Drink
2. Including
8. Was done
3. Drank
9. Has been associated
4. Were
10. Is rising
5. Did not consume
D. Combine each of the following sets of sentences into a single longer sentence. (10
points)
8. There was anxiety in areas where people were afraid of losing jobs.
9. When Diana Spencer married Prince Charles in 1981, her life as the wife of
11. No two comets ever look identical but they have basic features in common
12. Many people insist that using Craiglist, the free Web classifieds offering
25
efficient way to make new contacts but should be smart about how to go about
it.
13. Television, one of the most important popular forms of communication, has
14. Subconscious mind responds to directives that come from the conscious level,
but the truth is that we are giving directions and suggestions to it virtually all
J. Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow. (15 points)
9. Migration makes diffusion possible because when people travel from one
place to another, they bring along their culture. (paragraph 3 line 4-5)
Cultural: The typical Argentine menu will include an assortment of pastas and
wine, both which are important staples of Italian cuisine. (paragraph 3 line 10-
11)
11. The Argentine example defies the typical process of cultural assimilation
cultures diffuse into a new culture and not eliminating each other.
12. Most of the immigrants in the US are forced to assimilate with the existing
13. The main concern of people who oppose the bilingual education in the US is
the fear that if features of the foreign culture do not vanish, they will
14. Table
26
Factors Statements
Push A E F
Pull B C
Write a summary of the passage above. You should write about 80 to 100 words.
The landscape of human geography is dynamic and varied, but one enduring
feature is the tendency to keep moving, which is called as migration. Migrations are
caused either by push or pull factors. Push factors such as war, disease, or natural
disasters, have caused people to migrate by force. While pull factors such as religious
voluntarily. Migrations create genetic, cultural and linguistic changes. One of the
examples is when the Italians moved to Argentine. But in some countries, such as in
the US, the immigrants are forced to assimilate with the existing culture because the
people fear that if the foreign culture do not vanish, they will eventually overpower
Read the passage below and fill out the gaps using the words in the box. You can
use each word only once and there are more words than you need.
i. Decision
a. Requires j. Difference
b. Comply
c. Penalty
d. Circumstances
e. Purchased
f. Charge
g. Obligation
h. Legally
Choose one out of several topics below and write a five-paragraph essay.
Listen to a lecture by Jack Hayes who works in the CityCyclist. Decide if the
statements are TRUE or FALSE. You will listen the recording twice.
Listen to a lecture about Customer Psychology and complete the lecture notes.
Hari, Tanggal : -
Waktu : -
Sifat Ujian : -
Dosen : -
1. Keberadaan katalis
29
2CH3(g) → C2H6(g)
0.2 0.000660
0.3 0.001485
0.4 0.004125
1. Hitunglah waktu paruh ketika [A] = 0.400 M. 2. Berapa lama waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk dekom
38% dari A pada 25oC?
3. Berapa laju proses dekomposisi pada suhu 25oC ketika [A] = 0.750 M?
4. Berapa nilai Ea jika lajunya dilipatgandakan jika suhu pada saat eksperimen
30
JAWABAN UAS KIMIA DASAR (1)
1. Keberadaan katalis
a. Menaikkan laju reaksi.
kalinya.
2CH3(g) → C2H6(g)
31
1. Energi aktivasi adalah energi dari titik A ke titik C, sehingga energi aktivasinya
adalah 8 kJ.
3. Perubahan entalpi adalah selisih dari nilai entalpi pada titik B (produk sudah
terbentuk) dengan entalpi pada titik A (reaksi belum berjalan), sehingga nilai ΔH = -
360 kJ (reaksi eksotermis, karean entalpi setelah bereaksi lebih rendah dibanding
sebelum bereaksi).
4. Energi aktivasi reaksi balik adalah energi yang diperlukan untuk reaksi arah
sebaliknya, yang direpresentasikan selisih dari titik C ke titik B. Maka energi aktivasi
reaksi baliknya adalah: Eabalik = 8 kJ + 360 kJ = 368 kJ 5. Pada titik B, ketika semua kompleks te
sudah berubah menjadi produk
seluruhnya.
C. Untuk reaksi:
0.2 0.000660
0.3 0.001485
0.4 0.004125
32
v v2 = k [A] k [A]
k = 0,004125
[0,4]2
k = 0,0258
Menghitung nilai waktu paruh
t /2 = 1k .a t /2 = 1
0,0258 .0,4
t /2 = 96,9 menit
2. a = x (konsentrasi mula-mula)
b = 0,38x (konsentrasi yang terurai)
c = x – 0,38 x = 0,62x (konsentrasi sisa)
Untuk reaksi orde 2, maka:
bac = kt t = back
x .0,62x .k t = 0,38
0,62x .0,0258
Misalkan konsentrasi awalnya adalah 0,4 M, maka:
t = 0,38
0,62.0,4 .0,0258
t = 59,38 menit
Waktu untuk terdekomposisi tergantung pada konsentrasi awal.
33
3. Laju proses dekomposisi pada suhu 25oC ketika [A] = 0.750 M
v = k [A]2
v = 0,0258 [0,75]2
v = 0,01451 M/menit
4. Mencari nilai pasangan k yaitu k2 pada saat laju dilipatgandakan
k2 = v2
[A]2
k2 = 0,004125 [0,4]2
.2
Hari, Tanggal : -
Waktu : -
Sifat Ujian : -
Dosen : -
1. Reaksi isomerasi metil isonitril menjadi asetonitril pada suhu 488 K mengikuti
0 0,0165
2000 0,011
5000 0,00591
8000 0,00314
12000 0,00137
15000 0,00074
Fe3+(aq) + e- → Fe2+(aq) Eored = +0,77 V S2O62+(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 2e- → 2H2SO3(aq) Eored = +0,60 V
2H+(aq) + 2e- → N2(g) + H2O(l) Eored = -1,77 V VO2+(aq) + 2H+(aq) + e- → VO2+(aq) + H2O(l) Eored =
a. Tulislah reaksi kimia untuk oksidasi Fe2+(aq) oleh S2O62+(aq). (Nilai 5%)
35
b. Tulislah reaksi kimia untuk oksidasi Fe2+(aq) oleh N2O(aq). (Nilai 5%) c. Tulislah reaksi kim
oksidasi Fe2+(aq) oleh VO2+(aq). (Nilai 5%) d. Hitunglah ∆Go setiap reaksi suhu 298 K dan re
saja yang spontan.
(Nilai 20%)
3. Diketahui 3 buah reaksi netralisasi asam yang melibatkan basa kuat NaOH (aq)
HNO3(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaNO3(aq) + H2O(l)
b. Berdasarkan ∆H untuk reaksi (1) dan (2), manakah asam yang lebih kuat
antara HNO3 dan HCl? (Nilai 5%) c. Berdasarkan ∆H untuk reaksi (3), apakah HN4+ merupakan
atau
asam lemah? (Nilai 5%)
HCl(aq) -167,2
4. Cyanogen adalah gas yang sangat beracun yang tersusun oleh 46,2% berat karbon dan
53,8% berat nitrogen. Pada suhu 25°C dan tekanan 751 torr, 1 gram cyanogen
k CH CN
1/t2 1/t = k[
CH CN]
2
k[CH CN]
t t2 = [
CH CN]
2
[CH CN]
5000 2000 = 0,011
0,00591
x = 1,47
(2,4) →
t4t2 = [
CH CN] = 0,011
2 [CH CN]4 8000 2000
0,00314
x = 1,105
(2,5) →
t t2 = [
CH CN]
2
[CH CN]
12000 2000 = 0,011
0,00137
x = 0,86
(2,6) →
t t2 = [
CH CN]
2
[CH CN]
37
t t = [
CH CN]
[CH CN]
[CH CN]
12000 8000 = 0,00314 0,00137
x = 0,489
(4,6) →
t t4 = [
CH CN]
4
[CH CN]
15000 8000 = 0,00314 0,00074
x = 0,435
(5,6) →
t t = [
CH CN]
[CH CN]
38
2000×[0.011]0, = 0.0117 k = 1
5000×[0.00591]0, = 0.00726
k4 = 1
8000×[0.00314]0, = 0.007 k = 1
12000×[0.00137]0, = 0.0084 k = 1
15000×[0.00074]0, = 0.0103
Konstanta laju reaksi (k) dari reaksi CH3CN adalah rata-rata dari konstanta laju reaksi di atas.
5 = 0,13436
c. Waktu yang diperlukan untuk mengkonversi CH3CN sebesar 90%, maka akan
tersisa sebanyak 10%.
39
M = 10% x (M awal)
M = (0,1)(0,0165)
= 0,00165 M
V = k [CH3CN]0,
1t = k [CH3CN]0, 1t = 0,13436
[0,00165]0, t = 659,91
2.
Diketahui reaksi setengah sel Fe adalah: Fe3+(aq) + e- → Fe2+(aq) Sedangkan pada soal, Fe
dioksidasi oleh S2O6, sehingga Fe akan mengalami kenaikan biloks dan reaksi berubah
2H2SO3(aq)
Menyetarakan jumlah elektron antara Fe dan S2O6 pada kedua reaksi setengah sel:
Menyetarakan jumlah elektron antara Fe dan N2O pada kedua reaksi setengah sel:
40
Karena elektron antara keduanya sudah seimbang, maka kedua reaksi sel
ΔG = W = −QE = −nFE
Jika: ∆Go < 0 (bernilai negatif), maka reaksi dapat terjadi sendiri (spontan).
∆Go > 0 (bernilai positif), maka reaksi tidak dapat terjadi tanpa ada energi dari
luar.
2Fe2+(aq) → 2Fe3+(aq) + 2e- Eoox = -0,77 V N2O(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e- → N2(g) + H2O(l) Eored = +0
−0,17 V = 16.402,45 kJ
ΔG = −nFE = − 1 96.485 Cmol
41
2Fe2+(aq) → 2Fe3+(aq) + 2e- Eoox = -0,77 V N2O(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e- → N2(g) + H2O(l) Eored = -1
2Fe2+(aq) + N2O(aq) + 2H+(aq) → 2Fe3+(aq) + N2(g) + H2O(l) Eo = -2.54 V
−2,54 V = 170.779,22 kJ
ΔG = −nFE = − 1 96.485 Cmol
0,23 V = −22.191,55 kJ
ΔG = −nFE = − 1 96.485 Cmol
Maka, reaksi yang berlangsung spontan (ΔG < 0) adalah reaksi (c).
3.
∆H = ∆Hf (produk) - ∆Hf (reaktan) ∆H = [∆Hf (NaNO3) + ∆Hf (H2O)] – [∆Hf (HNO3) + ∆Hf (NaOH)] ∆H
446,2 kJ/mol) + (-285,8 kJ/mol)] – [(-134,3 kJ/mol) + (-424,6
kJ/mol)]
∆H = ∆Hf (produk) - ∆Hf (reaktan) ∆H = [∆Hf (NaCl) + ∆Hf (H2O)] – [∆Hf (HCl) + ∆Hf (NaOH)] ∆H = [
407,1 kJ/mol) + (-285,8 kJ/mol)] – [(-167,2 kJ/mol) + (-424,6
kJ/mol)]
42
∆H = (-692,9 kJ/mol) – (-591,8 kJ/mol))
∆H = -101,1 kJ/mol
NH4+(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NH3(aq) + Na+(aq) + H2O(l)
∆H = ∆Hf (produk) - ∆Hf (reaktan) ∆H = [∆Hf (NH3) + ∆Hf (Na+) + ∆Hf (H2O)] – [∆Hf (HN4+) + ∆Hf (NaOH)] ∆H = ((
+ (-240,1 kJ/mol) + (-285,8 kJ/mol)) – (-132,5 kJ/mol) +
(-424,6 kJ/mol))
∆H = (-606,2 kJ/mol) – (-557,1 kJ/mol))
∆H = -49,1 kJ/mol
b. Berdasarkan ∆H untuk reaksi (1) dan (2), asam yang lebih kuat antara HNO3 dan HCl adalah HNO3.
semakin besar, berarti nilai energi pembentukan semakin besar. Hal itu dikarenakan senyawa ters
polar dan sifat asamnya semakin kuat (penguraian H+ semakin banyak).
c. NH4+ merupakan asam lemah karena nilai ∆H kecil (-49,1 kJ/mol).
4.
a. Rumus empiris adalah rumus yang paling sederhana dari sebuah senyawa.
Rumus empirik = perbandingan mol C : mol N
massa C
∶ massa N
Ar C
∶ 53,8 g
Ar N 46,2 g 12 g/mol
14 g/mol
3,85 mol ∶ 3,84 mol
1∶ 1
Rumus empiris = CN
b. Rumus molekul
PV = nRT PV = mMr
RT
43
mRT
Mr =
PV Mr = 1 g 0,082 L.
atm
Hari, Tanggal : -
Waktu : -
Sifat Ujian : -
Dosen : -
1. Jika ditambahkan 1 mol glukosa dan 1 mol garam dapur, masing-masing ke dalam
500 ml air (densitas 1 g/ml), bagaimanakah titik didih dan titik beku dari larutan
2. Diketahui Kb dan Kf untuk air dalah 0,512°C/m dan 1,86°C/m. Berapa gram etilen glikol, CH
yang harus ditambahkan ke dalam 37,8 gram air agar mendapatkan titik beku sebesar -0,150
jumlah penambahan yang sama,
3. Suatu larutan dibuat dengan cara melarutkan 0,131 gram suatu senyawa ke dalam
25,4 gram air. Molalitas larutan ditentukan dengan penurunan titik beku larutan, yaitu
a. Arrhenius.
b. Bronsted-Lowry.
c. Lewis.
5. Dalam persamaan berikut ini, identifikasi asam lewis dan basa lewis:
6. Larutan ammonia, NH3, 0,01 M mempunya pH 10,6 pada 25°C. Berapa konsentrasi
45
7.
8. Jika larutan tembaga (II) sulfat dielektrolisis, perkirakan reaksi setengah (half
9. Hitung ΔHreaksi
10. Jika 4,219 J panas dibutuhkan untuk menaikkan suhu 36 gram air dari 10°C ke
38,05°C, berapakah kapasitas panas molar dan kapasitas panas spesifik dari air?
46
JAWABAN UAS KIMIA DASAR (3)
Asisten Dosen : Novy Cendian
Jurusan, Angkatan : Teknik Kimia 2015
1. Kenaikan Titik didih (∆Tb)
5.
a. Ag+ sebagai asam Lewis yang menerima elektron dari NH3 dan NH3 sebagai
basa Lewis.
b. B(OH)3 yang berstruktur segitiga planar memiliki orbital yang kosong sehingga Boron
kecenderungan untuk menerima elektron dan
pH = 10,6
Ditanya: [OH-] ?
Jawaban: NH3 dalam air adalah basa lemah yang terurai jadi ion NH4+ dan OH-. Kb =
1.8 x 10-5 mol/L Reaksi penguraian dalam air: NH3 + H2O → NH4+ + OH-
pOH = −log[OH ]
3.4 = −log[OH ]
OH = 10 .4 = 3.98 x 10 4 M
7.
a. Sel volta mengubah energi kimia dari reaksi redoks spontan menjadi energi
50
menetralkan muatan listrik dalam 2 gelas kimia yang berisi elektrolit. Sel
elektrolisis merupakan kebalikan dari sel volta, yaitu listrik digunakan untuk
logam dalam tabel tersebut, maka logamakan semakin reaktif dan merupakan
dan laptop karena memiliki potensial yang besar, yakni 3.7 volt, atau tiga kali
lebih besar dibandingkan baterai nikad. Selain itu, baterai ion litium juga
menghasilkan energi dua kali lebih banyak dari pada baterai nikad dengan
yC6
8. Elektrolisis larutan tembaga (II) sulfat dengan anoda dan katoda Cu (pemisalan).
51
Ditanya: Kapasitas panas molar dan kapasitas panas spesifik dari air?
Jawaban:
Q = m ∙ c ∙ ΔT
Kapasitas panas molar (Cm) adalah kalor yang dibutuhkan untuk menaikkan suhu suatu za
K.
∙ C ∙ ΔT ∙ C ∙ 28.05
Q = mMr 4219 = 3618 C =
75.2 J/mol.K
Q = C ∙ ΔT
4219 = C ∙ 28.05
C = 150.41 J/K
52
SOAL UAS KIMIA DASAR 2013
Waktu : 90 Menit
C3H5O2-) dengan rasio [HC3H5O2]/[C3H5O2-] adalah 4,50. Ka untuk asam propionic adalah 1,4 x
HC3H5O2 menjadi C3H5O2-. Berapa pH dari larutan yang dihasilkan? c. Basa kuat dit
untuk menaikkan pH. Berapa rasio asam / basa
sedemikian rupa hingga pHnya naik satu satuan secara pasti (misalnya 2
H2(g) + 1⁄2 O2(g) → H2O(l) Jika sel tersebut dirancang untuk menghasilkan listrik 1,5 ampere
hidrogennya ditampung dalam tangki 1,0 liter pada tekanan 200 atm dan suhu 25°C,
berapa lama sel bahan bakar tersebut beroperasi sebelum hidrogennya habis?
Asumsikan bahwa gas oksigen berada secara berlebih dan laju penggunaan hidrogen
= . H2 .
3. Reaksi sukrosa dengan air membentuk glukosa:
C12H22O11 + H2O → 2C6H12O6 Reaksi ini orde 3 terhadap sukrosa. Tentukan k jika reaksinya
waktu
53
54
SOAL UAS KIMIA DASAR 2015 (1)
Hari, Tanggal : -
Waktu : 90 Menit
Sifat Ujian : -
1. Asam oksalat adalah senyawa yang banyak digunakan sebagai mordant dalam proses
pencelupan terutama sebagai pemutih pada pulp. Ia juga dapat digunakan sebagai
baking powder. Kelarutan asam oksalat (H2C2O4) dalam air pada suhu 25°C adalah 143 g/L
oksalat memiliki nilai Ka1 dan Ka2 5,9 x 10-2 dan 6,4 x 10-5, maka:
a. Hitunglah konsentrasi semua spesies yang ada di dalam air jika asam oksalat
b. Berapa persen disosiasi asam oksalat pada kondisi tersebut? (Nilai 5%)
Konstanta kesetimbangan untuk reaksi tersebut adalah 14,5. Jika dalam keadaan
setimbang pada volume 1 liter jumlah mol semua komponen tersebut adalah 5,8,
3. Reaksi memiliki nilai Kc = 85,0 pada suhu 760°C. Jika kita mulai dengan sejumlah 5 mol da
yang berukuran 1 L, maka berapakah jumlah mol masing-masing
4. Asam butirat (HC4H7O2) merupakan asam lemak yang ada dalam bentuk ester lemak
hewan.
55
a. Hitung konsentrasi semua spesies yang ada (H3O+, C4H7O2-, HC4H7O2, dan
Mr = 143
[H2C2O4] 5,9 x 10 2 = X2
1,59 − X
X2 = 0,09381 − 5,9 x 10 2 X
X2 + 5,9 x 10 2 X − 0,09381 = 0
X ,2 = −0,0295 ± 0,3048602139 X ≈ 0,275
X2 ≈ −0,334
Ka2 = H [C2O42 ]
K = [CH
OH]
CO [H2]2
58
14,5 = 5,8 + 3 2y
− 3y
3 y
2 5,8 + 3 2y
− 3y
3
2
14,5 = 5,8 − y
y
3
11,6 − 2y
2 3 14,5 = 780,448 −
+ 69,6y2 − 4y
58y − 1009,2y2 + 5880,36y − 11316,496 = 0
y = 4,50
x = 4,93
Kesimpulan:
• n CO mula-mula = 4,93 mol
• n H2 mula-mula = 9,86 mol
• n CO saat setimbang = 0,43 mol
• n H2 saat setimbang = 0,86 mol
3.
PCl5(g) ⬄ PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) M 5
Rxxx
S5–xxx
PCl
K = PCl
[Cl2]
85 = 5 x2
− x x2 = 425 − 85x
x2 + 85x − 425 = 0
−85 ±
x ,2 = 2
5 357
x ≈ −89,736
x2 ≈ 4,731
59
Kesimpulan:
• n PCl5 saat setimbang = 0,2639 mol
0,25 .
100% = 0,772
60
SOAL UAS KIMIA DASAR 2015 (2)
Hari, Tanggal : -
Waktu : 90 Menit
A→B
27 3,2 x 10-11
47 1,0 x 10-9
67 3,0 x 10-8
82 2,4 x 10-7
a. Berapa kJ/mol energi aktivasi (Ea) reaksi tersebut? b. Berapa waktu yang diperlukan unt
80% A menjadi B pada suhu
100°C?
4B(s) + 3O2(g) → 2B2O3(s) ∆Ho = -2509,1 kJ 2H2(g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O(l) ∆Ho = -517,7 kJ
3. Sebuah sel volta tersusun oleh 2 buah 1⁄2 sel. Sel pertama menggunakan elektroda Cd (s) yang
ke dalam larutan 1 M Cd2+(aq). Sel yang lain menggunakan elektroda Rh(s) yang dicelupka
larutan 1 M Rh3+(aq). Potensial selnya adalah 1,2 volt dan selama sel beroperasi, konsentrasi la
berkurang dan massa
61
a. Tulislah persamaan reaksi yang terjadi di dalam sel tersebut.
b. Elektrode mana yang bertindak sebagai anoda dan elektroda mana yang
bertindak sebagai katoda? c. Berapakah potensial reduksi standar untuk reduksi Rh 3+(aq) menjadi R
Berapakah nilai ∆G° untuk reaksi sel volta tersebut?
4. Manakah yang lebih besar volumenya antara 1 mol gas N2 dan 1 mol gas O2 pada tekanan 500
suhu 400 K jika diketahui konstanta a dan b untuk masing-
N2 1,39 0,0391
O2 1,36 0,0318
62
JAWABAN UAS KIMIA DASAR 2015 (2)
Asisten Dosen : Jessica Farah
Jurusan, Angkatan : Teknik Kimia 2015
1. Laju Reaksi
a. Rumus yang digunakan adalah:
k = Ae /
a1 T + lnA
y=bx+a
Pertama-tama, membuat tabel regresi terlebih dahulu:
Suhu (K) k (s-1) ln k (y) 1/T (x)
300 3,2 x 10-11 -24,16528521 0,003333333
320 1,0 x 10-9 -20,72326584 0,003125
340 3,0 x 10-8 -17,32206846 0,002941176
355 2,4 x 10-7 -15,24262691 0,0022816901
Kemudian, dibuat grafik regresinya dengan menggunakan Microsoft Excel,
atau apabila dalam UAS dan hanya diperbolehkan menggunakan kalkulator,
maka dapat dibuat dengan menggunakan kalkulator dengan langkah sebagai
berikut:
1) Klik mode kemudian STAT
2) Klik nomor 2, masukkan data
3) Matikan kalkulator, hidupkan kembali, klik SHIFT kemudian klik 1
4) Klik 5 (reg) akan muncul opsi: 1. A, 2. B, 3. R
5) Persamaan akan menjadi y = bx + a.
63
R dikuadratkan terlebih dahulu untuk menentukan kelinearan grafik (R2).
Sehingga, grafik regresi dapat digambar sebagai berikut:
Grafik Hubungan Antara 1/T dan ln k
0 -5
0.0027 0.0028 0.0029 0.003 0.0031 0.0032 0.0033 0.0034 -10 y = -17401x + 33.782 -15
R2 = 0.9995
-20
-25
-30
t = k 1 [A][A]
ln
0
t = 2.575 1
ln [A]
x 10 0 15 A 0
64
t = 625,024.432 s ≈ 173.618 hour
2. Termokimia
4Mg(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Mg2O3(s) ∆Ho = -2509,1 kJ 6 H2(g) + 3 O2 (g) → 6 H2O(l) ∆Ho = -1553.1 kJ 2
3. Sel Volta
Rh(s)
E° = E° − E°
1.2 = E° − −0.403
4. Kinetika Gas
Perhitungan dapat dihitung dengan rumus gas Van der Waals, yaitu:
65
nRT
P = V
−an
− nb V
2
V = Vn P = V
RT
−b
V − ab = 0
P V + aP
RT 2
V−b+ P
Kemudian, memasukkan angka-angka yang telah diketahui untuk mengetahui volume
molar dari masing-masing gas.
Untuk O2
V − ab = 0
P V + aP V − 0,0318 + 8.314(400)
RT 2
V−b+ P
500 V 2 + 1.36
V − 1.36(0.0318)
500
500 = 0 V = 6.683 L
Untuk N2
V − ab = 0
P V + aP V − 0.0391 + 8.314(400)
RT 2
V−b+ P
500 V 2 + 1.39
V − 1.39(0.0391)
500
500 = 0 V = 6.69 L
Dari kedua hasil di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa volume N2 lebih besar.
66
SOAL UAS KIMIA DASAR 2015 (3)
Dosen : -
C2H6 → C2H4 + H2 Data berikut di bawah ini menunjukkan variasi konsentrasi C2H6 terhadap
300 7,5
600 6,4
1200 4,4
1800 3,2
3000 1,6
b. Tentukan berapa konsentrasi C2H6 saat laju sudah berjalan 1400 detik. c. Tentukan be
waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk reaksi berjalan 45%.
d. Jika diketahui energi aktivasi reaksi adalah = 120 kJ/mol, berapa suhu yang
dibutuhkan agar konstanta laju meningkat dua kali lipat?
2. Dalam suatu ruangan tertutup, bila sejumlah tertentu padatan NH4HS dipanaskan
padatan NH4HS (51 g/mol) sebanyak 153 gram dan NH3 (17 g/mol) sebanyak 17 gram, kem
dipanaskan pada 405 K. Sesudah tercapai kesetimbangan, ternyata diperoleh tekanan
67
b. Tentukan massa NH4HS dan NH3 ketika tercapai kesetimbangan. c. Berapa persen di
nilai tekanan yang baru yaitu NH3 = 2,2 atm. Berapa massa NH3 dan H2S saat setimb
Ag+ + e → Ag Eo = 0,8 V
S2O82- + 2e → 2SO42- Eo = 2,01 V a. Tuliskan persamaan reaksi sel yang terjadi dari reaks
oleh Zn2+,
oksidasi Cu oleh Zn2+, oksidasi Cu oleh Ag+, dan berapa nilai Eo selnya?
4. Sejumlah es dengan suhu -20°C dimasukkan ke dalam 1 kg air dengan suhu 40°C
dalam wadah terisolasi. Jika diinginkan suhu akhir campuran 5°C, berapa massa es
yang harus ditambahkan? Diketahui kalor jenis es 2,48 J/g°C, kalor lebur es 6,02
68
JAWABAN UAS KIMIA DASAR 2015 (3)
1. Laju Reaksi
Pertama, dari data yang telah diketahui di soal, kita buat tabel sebagai berikut:
Setelah itu, kita memplot ke dalam grafik antara t vs ln[C2H6] dan antara t vs 1/[C2H6].
t vs ln[C2H6]
2.5
0.5 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
69
Dapat dilihat dari kedua grafik tersebut bahwa grafik t vs ln[C2H6] lebih lurus dibandingkan denga
1/[C2H6], maka dapat disimpulkan reaksi tersebut memiliki orde 1. Jika grafik t vs 1/[C2H6] lebih
reaksi berorde 2.
Persamaan umum reaksi orde 1 adalah:
ln[Ca] = −kt + ln[Ca]0
y=mx+b
Persamaan yang didapat dari grafik adalah:
y = −0.0006x + 2.1957
Maka, dapat disimpulkan bahwa nilai k = 0.0006.
= 1.162
awal = 1.029
3 = 0.343 = 34.
3%
E = E° − 0.0592
lnK
n Pada saat kesetimbangan, nilai Esel selalu 0, maka persamaan di atas dapat ditulis menjadi
0 = E° − 0.0592
lnK
n lnK = n .E°
Waktu : 50 Menit
Mempunyai laju reaksi 9,51 x 10-9 L/mol.det pada 500 K dan 1,10 x 10-5 L/mol.det
a. Tuliskan stoikiometri yang benar untuk reaksi di atas dan persamaan yang
digunakan
b. Tentukan Ea.
menghasilkan karbon dioksida dan gas hidrogen. Upaya ini adalah untuk menciptakan
campuran sintetiik bahan bakar. Jika diketahui 0,25 mol CO dan 0,25 mol H2O ditempatkan pad
tabung pada suhu 900 K. Bagaimana komposisi campuran
3. Seorang teknisi melapisi keran dengan 0,86 gram kromium menggunakan elektrolit
yang mengandung air Cr2(SO4)3. Jika 12,5 menit diperbolehkan untuk pelapisan plating,
yang diperlukan? Diketahui konstanta Faraday = 9,65 x 104 C/mol.e- serta massa atom Cr = 52
g/mol, dan O= 16 g/mol.
75
4. Asam propanat (CH3CH2COOH) yang dapat disingkat dengan HPr adalah asam
[H3O+].
76
JAWABAN UAS KIMIA DASAR 2015 (4)
1. Jawab:
Ditanya:
Penyelesaian:
b. Energi aktivasi (Ea) adalah energi minimum yang harus ada pada sistem
melangsungkan reaksi kimia. Untuk mencari Ea, terlebih dahulu harus memahami cara
reaksi. Langkah-langkah dalam menyelesaikan
v = k HI ∝ (1)
77
α = orde reaksi
Hubungan antara laju reaksi dengan energi aktivasi dapat dijelaskan dalam
T = suhu (K)
Dalam mencari energi aktivasi, kita dapat mengubah persamaan (1) menjadi
∝
= Ae (4)
maka menjadi :
∝
e e
∝
Ea
Ea (5)
Besar dari konsentrasi zat yaitu HI dianggap konstan, kemudian besar
konstanta gas universal (R), dan besar faktor frekuensi untuk reaksi (A) adalah
vv = e e
9,51x10 1,1x10 = e e ( , )( ) ( , )( )
9,51x10 1,1x10 = e ( , )( ) ( , )
78
9,51x10 1,1x10 = e ,4
ln(9,51x10
x (− 1
1,1x10 ) = Ea
4157 + 1
4988,4)
ln (−7,053) = Ea x (−4,01x10 ) Ea = 175885,28 J/mol Ea = 175,885 kJ/mol
2. Jawab:
Diketahui:
- nawal CO = 0,25 mol - nawal H2O = 0,25 mol - volume = 1,5 liter
- T = 900 K
- Kc = 1,56
Ditanya:
a. Persamaan reaksi.
b. Konsentrasi awal.
c. Komposisi campuran pada saat kesetimbangan (pertanyaan dalam soal).
d. Hitung Qc.
Penyelesaian:
a. Persamaan reaksi dari soal tersebut adalah
CO(g) + H2O(l) → CO2(g) + H2(g) b. Besar konsentrasi dapat dihitung menggunakan rumus
M = n (
mol)
v (liter)
Sehingga besar konsentrasi awal dari masing-masing zat pada reaktan dan
produk dalam reaksi tersebut adalah :
CO
H2O berada dalam fasa liquid (murni atau homogen), sehingga tidak diperhitungkan dalam rumu
tetapan kesetimbangan.
1,56 = (x)(x)
(0,25 − x)
x2 + 1,56x − 0,39 = 0
Didapatkan akar dari persamaan di atas yaitu: x1 = 0,2191 dan x2 = -1,779. Karena besar konsentras
akan selalu bernilai positif, maka akar yang
diambil adalah x1 = 0,2191. Sehingga, besar konsentrasi pada saat setimbang adalah sebagai be
= (0,25 − 0,2191) mol
Reaktan : M setimbang CO = nv
= (0,25 − 0,2191) mol
1,5 liter = 0,0206 M M setimbang H2O = nv