Dari Sifat Trichotomy, diperoleh bahwa jika a ℝ dan a 0 , maka tepat satu
bilangan dari a atau a adalah positif. Selanjutnya, apa yang Anda ketahui tentang harga
mutlak? Buat suatu contoh.
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a ; a 0
a
a ; a 0.
|0| = ………
Teorema I.3.2
a a
(d) b
b
untuk semua a, b ℝ dan b 0.
Bukti:
Jika a > 0 dan b > 0 maka |ab| = ………………………….…… dan |a||b | = ……….
Jika a > 0 dan b < 0 maka |ab| = …………………….………… dan |a||b | = ……….
Jika a < 0 dan b > 0 maka |ab| = …………………….………… dan |a||b | = ……….
Jika a < 0 dan b < 0 maka |ab| = ……………………….……… dan |a||b | = ……….
a. | x – 1| b. | x – 1| + | x |
3. Tentukan dan sketsalah dan himpunan semua pasangan terurut (x,y) pada bidang yang
memenuhi: |x| = |y|
3
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Dari kesimpulan yang Anda peroleh, dapat dinyatakan dalam teorema berikut.
Teorema I.3.3 (Ketidaksamaan Segitiga) Untuk sembarang bilangan real a dan b berlaku
ab a b
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Dengan menjumlahkan keduanya dan menerapkan Teorema I.2.6 (b) diperoleh:
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Cara lain:
a b .......... a b
2 2
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4
Ada beberapa akibat dari Ketidaksamaan Segitiga. Dua diantaranya adalah sebagai
berikut ini.
(a) a b ab
(b) ab a b
Bukti:
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a1 a 2 ... a n a1 a 2 ... a n .
x 2 5x 2
Fungsi f didefinisikan dengan f ( x) untuk 1 ≤ x ≤ 4. Tentukan konstanta M
5x 3
sehingga f ( x) M untuk semua 1 ≤ x ≤ 4.
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Dalam pembahasan berikutnya akan dicari bahasa yang tepat untuk mengatakan bahwa
satu bilangan real dekat dengan yang lain. Bilangan real x dikatakan dekat dengan bilangan
real a dimaksudkan adalah bahwa jarak x a adalah kecil. Hal ini memotivasi munculnya
pengertian persekitaran (neighbourhoods).
Nyatakan bentuk lain dari N(a) dan sketsalah dalam garis real.
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Selanjutnya, apakah yang dimaksud dengan N2(7) dan N3( – 5). Jelaskan disertai gambar.
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Teorema I.3.7 Misalkan a ℝ. Jika x anggota dari persekitaran N(a) untuk setiap 0 ,
maka x a .