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EXPLANATION
TEXT
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PEMBELAJARAN 1:
Mengidentifikasi explanation text
Hai, bagaimana kabar kalian hari ini? Semoga selalu dalam keadaan sehat ya.
Sebelum kita mulai belajar, marilah kita berdoa untuk berterima kasih kepada
Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas segala keberkahan yang diberikan kepada kita
semua.
Semoga kalian selalu sehat dan bersemangat dalam belajar walau dari rumah
untuk sementara waktu. Semoga kalian menjadi anak-anak yang optimis,
tangguh, pantang menyerah dan memiliki cita-cita besar untuk masa depan.
Salah tokoh seorang penulis, aktivis politik, dan dosen Amerika. Dia adalah
orang tuna rungu pertama yang mendapatkan gelar Bachelor of Arts negara
Amerika, Helen Keller pernah berkata, “A well-educated mind will always have
more questions than answers.” yang artinya pikiran yang terdidik dengan baik
akan selalu memiliki pertanyaan daripada jawaban. Kutipan tersebut
mensiratkan bahwa, jika kalian banyak belajar maka, kalian akan menyadari
bahwa banyak sekali hal yang belum kalian ketahui sehingga kalian aan
merasa haus akan ilmu penetahuan. Maka, kalian tetap semangat belajar ya
walau di tengah pandemic Covid-19 dan belum bisa belajar dari sekolah.
Jangan khawatir, kalian dapat belajar di mana saja dan kapan saja dengan
panduan belajar ini.
A. Tujuan Pembelajaran
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A. Peta Kompetensi dan Aktivitas Belajar
https://www.britannica.com/video/176948/Time-lapse-video-decomposition-
watermelon-pineapple-strawberries-vegetables-fruits
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c. Can you tell what happen with the vegetable and the fruit in the video?
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3. Jika kalian tidak bisa membuka link video diatas, silahkan perhatikan gambar
berikut ini.
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Apakah arti kata atau frasa dibawah ini berdasarkan teks diatas?
a. Occupies = ……………………………………………………………………...
b. Decompose = …………………………………………………………………..
c. Sequencial stages= ……………………………………………………………
d. Differentiate = …………………………………………………………………..
Buatlah kalimat dengan menggunakan kata berikut ini:
a. Occupies = ………………………………………………………………………
b. Decompose = …………………………………………………………………...
c. Sequencial stages = ……………………………………………………………
d. Differentiate = …………………………………………………………………...
C. Sumber/Media
1. https://www.britannica.com/video/176948/Time-lapse-video-
decomposition-watermelon-pineapple-strawberries-vegetables-fruits
(9 September 2020, 10.00 WIB)
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decomposition
(9 September 2020, 10.00 WIB)
D. Refleksi
1. Bubuhkanlah tanda centang (√) pada salah satu gambar yang dapat
mewakili perasaan Kamu setelah mempelajari materi ini!
2. Apa yang sudah Kamu pelajari?
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6. Sebutkan hal yang menarik dari aktivitas pembelajaran yang sudah Kamu
lakukan! Berikan alasanya!
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E. Umpan Balik Guru
Latihan Soal
Volcanic lightning has very little to do with tectonic activity, and everything to do
with everyday physics.
Volcanic lightning is not formed deep in the Earth. It only forms in a volcanic
plume, the cylinder-shaped column of volcanic ash emitted by some erupting
volcanoes. Volcanoes that lack a thick volcanic plume usually lack volcanic
lightning. Volcanoes in Hawaii, for instance, are more likely to eject fluid lava
fountains than thick plumes of ash. These volcanoes rarely have volcanic
lightning.
The tiny particles that make up a volcanic plume are tightly compressed
beneath a volcano. The airy atmosphere aboveground, however, is much less
dense. This change in density contributes to volcanic lightning.
As densely packed particles are violently ejected in a volcanic plume, they rub
against each other. This interaction is called friction. Through friction, ash
particles gain and lose electrons—they become electrically charged. As
charged particles ascend the less-dense volcanic plume, the plume experiences
charge separation. Positively charged particles become increasingly separated
from negatively charged particles.
When the charge separation becomes too great for air to resist the flow of
electricity, lightning tears through the volcanic plume to connect the positively
and negatively charged particles.
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Bahan Bacaan
Sebagai contoh:
Hai… Bagaimana kabar kalian hari ini? Semoga kita semua selalu sehat dan
selalu dalam lindungan Tuhan yang Maha Esa. Sebelum memulai kegiatan kita
hari ini, jangan lupa untuk berdoa sesuai dengan agama dan kepercayaan
kalian masing-masing ya!
Kutipan kita hari ini adalah:
A. Tujuan Pembelajaran
Kalian akan melakukan aktivitas terkait explanation text agar kalian mampu:
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b. memahami unsur kebahasaan dari explanation text dalam memberi dan
meminta informasi terkait gejala alam atau sosial.
Fungsi sosial
Mengidentifikasi perbedaan explanation text dengan teks lainnya
Sekarang, kalian akan membaca dua teks berbeda yang berhubungan dengan
pembelajaran sebelumnya.
Text 1
Understanding the chemical process is quite important to know why fruits are
changing in their appearance during decay.
To learn more from how the physical appearance changes I found the
following publication: “Fruit Senescence and Decay Simulation” by Joseph T.
Kider Jr., Samantha Raja, and Norman I. Badler. The researchers found a
way to simulate the biological aging and decay process in fruits.This process
changes the physical properties of the surface of the fruit as well as its
internal volume substrate. The fruit is physically simulated with parameters
such as skin thickness and porosity, water content, flesh rigidity, ambient
temperature, humidity, and proximity to other surfaces.
In their way to simulate this process they projected 3 major stages of fruit
decay:
The fungus and bacteria are grown on the fruit’s exocarp, or outer skin.
This process is directly affected by moisture, temperature and nutrient
concentration at each point on the surface
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Because water accounts for a large percentage of a fruit’s mesocarp
(interior), water transpiration is a primary factor in the way a fruit
decays and loses internal mass
Additionally, rot makes areas of the substrate soft and more prone to
collapse.
Text 2
Tomato, (Solanum lycopersicum), flowering plant of the nightshade family
(Solanaceae), cultivated extensively for its edible fruits. Labelled as a
vegetable for nutritional purposes, tomatoes are a good source of vitamin C
and the phytochemical lycopene. The fruits are commonly eaten raw in
salads, served as a cooked vegetable, used as an ingredient of various
prepared dishes, and pickled. Additionally, a large percentage of the world’s
tomato crop is used for processing; products include canned tomatoes,
tomato juice, ketchup, puree, paste, and “sun-dried” tomatoes or dehydrated
pulp.
The plant requires relatively warm weather and much sunlight; it is grown
chiefly in hothouses in cooler climates. Tomatoes are usually staked, tied, or
caged to keep the stems and fruits off the ground, and consistent watering is
necessary to avoid blossom-end rot and cracking of the fruits. The plants are
susceptible to a number of pests and diseases, including bacterial wilt, early
blight, mosaic virus, Fusarium wilt, nematodes, and tomato hornworms. Many
of these problems can be controlled with crop rotation, the use of fungicides
and pesticides, and the planting of resistant varieties. The tiny currant tomato
(S. pimpinellifolium) is a closely related species and has been used by
breeders to hybridize several pest- and disease-resistant tomato varieties.
(https://www.britannica.com/plant/tomato)
Setelah membaca dua teks yang berbeda, silakan kalian jawab pertanyaan
berikut ini:
a. What are the similarities and differences between text 1 and text 2? Fill in
the box with your answer!
Text 1 Text 2
Topic/ Purpose
Proses
Language Features:
Tenses
Adverbs
Conjunctions
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8. ………………………………………………………………………………
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d. Pilih lima kalimat pasif yang kalian temukan pada teks 1, kemudian
ubahlah kalimat tersebut kedalam kalimat aktif (active voice).
1. ………………………………………………………………………………
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H. Sumber/Media
I. Refleksi
1. Bubuhkanlah tanda centang (√) pada salah satu gambar yang dapat
mewakili perasaan Kamu setelah mempelajari materi ini!
6. Sebutkan hal yang menarik dari aktivitas pembelajaran yang sudah Kamu
lakukan! Berikan alasanya!
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7. Sebutkan hal yang tidak menarik dari aktivitas pembelajaran yang sudah
Kamu lakukan! Berikan alasannya!
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A colorful “fire rainbow” lit up the sky, and the Internet, this week. But despite
its name, the rare phenomenon isn’t related to recent wildfires. Instead, it’s
caused by a unique alignment of forces in the atmosphere.
Fire rainbows occur only when the sun is very high in the sky (more than 58°
above the horizon). What's more, the hexagonal ice crystals that make up
cirrus clouds must be shaped like thick plates with their faces parallel to the
ground.
When light enters through a vertical side face of such an ice crystal and
leaves from the bottom face, it refracts, or bends, in the same way that light
passes through a prism. If a cirrus cloud’s crystals are aligned just right, the
whole section lights up in a spectrum of colors.
(https://on.natgeo.com/3jXQbjw)
Language Features:
Kalimat yang
menggunakan Passive
voice
Adverbs (Sequencing)
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Conjunction (Cause and
effect)
BAHAN BACAAN
General Statement
Berisi tentang informasi umum mengenai topik yang akan dibahas dalam
teks.
Explanation
Closing
Bagian closing atau penutup bersifat pilihan atau tidak harus ada pada teks
ini. Bagian ini dapat berisi informasi tambahan atau opini penulis mengenai
topik yang dibahas
Contoh:
General Statement Rain is the primary source of fresh water for most
areas of the world, providing suitable conditions
for diverse ecosystems, as well as water for
hydroelectric power plants and crop irrigation.
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Closing However, not all rain reaches the surface. Some
evaporates while falling through dry air. This is
called virga, a phenomenon which is often seen in
hot, dry desert regions.
Widiawati, Utami, dkk. 2015. Buku Siswa Bahasa Indonesia Kelas XII Tahun
2015. Jakarta: Pusat Kurikulum dan Perbukuan, Balitbang, Kemendikbud.
25
EXPLANATION
TEXT
PEMBELAJARAN 3:
Mengamati dan Menyusun draft (kerangka) explanation
text
Hai… Bagaimana kabar kalian hari ini? Semoga kita semua selalu sehat dan
selalu dalam lindungan Tuhan yang Maha Esa. Sebelum memulai kegiatan kita
hari ini, jangan lupa untuk berdoa sesuai dengan agama dan kepercayaan
kalian masing-masing ya!
Arti dari kutipan diatas adalah: “pendidikan merupakan passport masa depan,
dan masa depan merupakan milik mereka yang mempersiapkannya saat ini”
Kalian semua pasti memiliki cita-cita tinggi. Apapun cita-cita kalian harus kalian
mulai persiapkan mulai saat ini. Belajarlah yang rajin, sehingga kalian nantinya
akan menikmati usaha kalian.
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A. Tujuan Pembelajaran
Unsur kebahasaaan
Mengamati Hubungan sebab-akibat
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3. Jika kalian tidak bisa membuka link video diatas, silahkan perhatikan
gambar berikut.
6. Bagi kalian yang tidak bisa membuka tautan diatas, silahkan kalian baca
teks berikut ini.
Hail is a form of precipitation that falls
from the sky as ice pellets that can
range from small pea-sized projectiles
to humongous hailstones as large as
grapefruits. Hail generally forms when
there's a severe thunderstorm in the
vicinity and can be a warning to
monitor your local weather situation
closely for lightning, torrential rain—
and possibly even tornadoes.
Hailstones are formed inside
cumulonimbus storm clouds that can
measure towering heights of up to
50,000 feet. While the lower portions
of these clouds contain warm air, the
temperatures in the upper portions are
below freezing.
Strong updrafts inside the storm
system whisk raindrops up into the
sub-zero zone, causing them to freeze
into ice crystals. These ice particles
are subsequently carried back down
into the cloud's lower levels by a
downdraft, where they thaw a bit and
collect additional water droplets before
being wafted back up to the deep
freeze a second time.
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added to the frozen droplet until it
finally grows too heavy for the updraft
to lift it. (If you cut a hailstone in half,
you'll see alternating concentric layers
inside that resemble tree rings.) Once
this happens, the hailstone falls out of
the cloud and heads to the ground.
The stronger the updraft, the heavier a
hailstone it can carry and the longer a
hailstone cycles through the freezing
process, the larger it grows.
(https://www.thoughtco.com/hail-
summers-ice-storms-3443907)
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General statement:
a. What is the topic
of the text?
Process:
b. How many cycles
are there for an
egg to become an
adult butterfly?
c. How is the
process of an egg
to become an
adult butterfly?
Closing statement
(optional)
Baca kembali kerangka teks yang sudah kalian tuliskan, kemudian kembangkan
menjadi sebuah paragraph explanation text. Pastikan kalian mengacu pada
petunjuk yang sudah kalian pelajari.
Tuliskan teks kalian dikolom berikut ini.
M. Sumber/Media
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6M-ycZLSF1w
2. https://www.nssl.noaa.gov/education/svrwx101/hail/
3. https://www.thoughtco.com/hail-summers-ice-storms-3443907
4. https://sites.google.com/site/ps159science/home/butterfly-
metamorphosis?overridemobile=true
(Semua sumber diakses pada tanggal 9 September 2020 pukul 10.00 WIB)
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N. Refleksi
1. Bubuhkanlah tanda centang (√) pada salah satu gambar yang dapat
mewakili perasaan Kamu setelah mempelajari materi ini!
6. Sebutkan hal yang menarik dari aktivitas pembelajaran yang sudah Kamu
lakukan! Berikan alasanya!
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LATIHAN SOAL
Between 1975 and 2014, the real hourly wages of middle- Paragraph ….
income full-time employees doubled. The best paid saw
their real wages rise by up to 189 per cent, while wages
below the middle typically rose by only about 80 per cent.
The wage difference is even wider for part-time workers.
Since 2006, there has been a 60 per cent rise in the Paragraph ….
number of people moving repeatedly between work and
unemployment. 68 per cent of children in families with no
working adults are in poverty. People who are not working
overwhelmingly want to work, but face barriers to
employment. Principally these are ill-health and childcare,
but also caring responsibilities for family members.
BAHAN BACAAN
General Statement
Berisi tentang informasi umum mengenai topik yang akan dibahas dalam
teks.
Explanation
3. Berisi serangkaian kejadian-kejadian (sequence of events) dari suatu
proses yang merupakan topik dari teks, atau
Contoh: Rantai kehidupan (life cycle),
4. Berisi serangkaian kejadian yang mengandung sebab akibat yang
menjelaskan bagaimana dan mengapa suatu hal terjadi.
Contoh: Bagaimana gunung berapi terbentuk.
Closing
Bagian closing atau penutup bersifat pilihan atau tidak harus ada pada teks
ini. Bagian ini dapat berisi informasi tambahan atau opini penulis mengenai
topik yang dibahas
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PEMBELAJARAN 4:
Mengonstruksi Makna Tersirat dalam Sebuah Teks
Anekdot baik Lisan maupun Tulis
Hai, bagaimana kabar kalian hari ini? Semoga selalu dalam keadaan sehat ya.
Sebelum kita mulai belajar, marilah kita berdoa untuk berterima kasih kepada
Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas segala keberkahan yang diberikan kepada kita
semua.
Semoga kalian selalu sehat dan bersemangat dalam belajar walau dari rumah
untuk sementara waktu. Semoga kalian menjadi anak-anak yang optimis,
tangguh, pantang menyerah dan memiliki cita-cita besar untuk masa depan.
41
A. Tujuan Pembelajaran
Menggunakan adverbial
Unsur kebahasaan
Menggunakan hubungan sebab akibat
Cobalah kalian baca teks berikut ini, lalu tuliskan di kolom sebelah kanan, mana
yang merupakan:
a. General statement
b. Cause and effect
c. Closing statement (optional)
Teks Struktur Teks
A sense of self-confidence will make
someone easy to adjust to the new
environment, have a strong grip on
life and be able to contribute their
potential. He is also capable of
learning and working hard to
achieve progress and full of
confidence in the role he lives. How
does self-confidence form?
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confidence begins with an
understanding of the strengths and
weaknesses that are owned to be
able to generate positive reactions,
and use all the advantages that exist
in the individual to create self-
confidence, because self-confidence
is the source of our own strength to
can get along with the social
environment. People who have
confidence will act decisively and
have an optimistic attitude, life
motivation is more meaningful and
has high self-esteem.
Latihan ini lebih mudah kan? Karena kalian sudah berlatih menuliskan teks
eksplanasi pada pembelajaran sebelumnya.
General statement:
a. What is the topic
of the text?
Closing statement
(optional)
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Baca kembali kerangka teks yang sudah kalian tuliskan, kemudian kembangkan
menjadi sebuah teks eksplanasi. Pastikan kalian mengacu pada kerangka teks
yang sudah kalian tulis.
https://englishadmin.com/2019/03/contoh-explanation-text-about-social-
phenomena-beserta-artinya.html
(Diakses pada tanggal 9 September 2020, pukul 10.00 WIB)
S. Refleksi
1. Bubuhkanlah tanda centang (√) pada salah satu gambar yang dapat
mewakili perasaan Kamu setelah mempelajari materi ini!
47
……………………………………………………………………………………………
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6. Sebutkan hal yang menarik dari aktivitas pembelajaran yang sudah Kamu
lakukan! Berikan alasanya!
……………………………………………………………………………………………
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The process of metamorphosis starts when a female butterfly lays her eggs,
usually on leaves or stems of plants. Inside these tiny eggs, caterpillars grow.
Depending on the species, the eggs can vary in shape and texture – they can
be round, oval or cylindrical, and smooth, bumpy or wrinkled.
Once ready, the caterpillar leaves its egg home and enters the big outside
world! During this stage, they shed their skin four or five times – as the
caterpillar grows, its skin becomes too tight and splits open, revealing a new,
larger skin underneath. A fully-grown caterpillar can be over 100 times larger
than when it emerged from its egg.
Once fully grown, the caterpillar forms itself into a “pupa” (or chrysalis) – a
kind of vessel in which the caterpillar changes into a butterfly. They usually do
this on twigs or safe, hidden areas around the host plant. The “pupa” stage
may last a few weeks to several months depending on the species. During
this time, a hardened case forms around the pupa to protect it from predators
and extreme weather conditions. And inside, the tissue, limbs and organs of
the caterpillar transform. The result? A wonderful winged butterfly!
Once the butterfly is ready to emerge, the case around the pupa splits open.
The butterfly waits for its wings to dry, and pumps a liquid called hemolymph
into them so that they become big and strong. Once fit for flight, this brilliant
bug then takes to the air in search for flowers to feed on and for other
butterflies to mate with. And that’s the cycle complete – and ready to start all
over again!
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1. What is the topic of the text?
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2. What is the purpose of the text?
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3. What is paragraph one about?
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4. What happen when the caterpillar grows?
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5. How is pupa transformed into a beautiful butterfly?
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BAHAN BACAAN
Cause and effect teks merupakan bagian dari explanation text adalah jenis
paragraf yang berisi analisa – analisa penulis tentang sebab dan akibat.
Paragraf ini diawali dengan sebab – sebab yang dijabarkan di awal kalimat dan
kemudian ditarik menjadi satu kesimpulan umum yang merupakan akibat dari
penyebab – peyebab yang telah dijabarkan tersebut.
Model paragraf cause and effect ini biasanya sering digunakan dalam penulisan
essay dan text explanation. Hal ini dikarenakan model ini dianggap memiliki alur
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penyampaian gagasan yang jelas dan terstruktur, sehingga para pembaca
mudah mengerti ketika membacanya.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Widiawati, Utami, dkk. 2015. Buku Siswa Bahasa Indonesia Kelas XII Tahun
2015. Jakarta: Pusat Kurikulum dan Perbukuan, Balitbang, Kemendikbud.
https://on.natgeo.com/3jXQbjw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6M-ycZLSF1w
https://www.nssl.noaa.gov/education/svrwx101/hail/
https://www.thoughtco.com/hail-summers-ice-storms-3443907
https://sites.google.com/site/ps159science/home/butterfly-metamorphosis?
overridemobile=true
https://englishadmin.com/2019/03/contoh-explanation-text-about-social-
phenomena-beserta-artinya.html
(Semua sumber diakses pada tanggal 9 September 2020 pukul 10.00 WIB)