BAHAN AJAR

KOMPETENSI INTI

KI 1
Menghargai dan menghayati ajaran agama yang dianutnya.

KI 2.
Menunjukkan perilaku jujur, disiplin, tanggung jawab, peduli (gotong royong, kerja sama, toleran,
damai), santun, responsif, dan pro-aktif dan menunjukkan sikap sebagai bagian dari solusi atas
berbagai permasalahan dalam berinteraksi secara efektif dengan lingkungan sosial dan alam serta
menempatkan diri sebagai cerminan bangsa dalam pergaulan dunia (dicapai melalui pembelajaran
tidak langsung (indirect teaching), yaitu keteladanan, pembiasaan, dan budaya sekolah)

KI 3
Memahami, menerapkan, menganalisis pengetahuan faktual, konseptual, prosedural berdasarkan
rasa ingin tahunya tentang ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, seni, budaya, dan humaniora dengan
wawasan kemanusiaan, kebangsaan, kenegaraan, dan peradaban terkait penyebab fenomena dan
kejadian, serta menerapkan pengetahuan prosedural pada bidang kajian yang spesifik sesuai dengan
bakat dan minatnya untuk memecahkan masalah

KI 4
Mengolah, menalar, dan menyaji dalam ranah konkret dan ranah abstrak terkait dengan
pengembangan dari yang dipelajarinya di sekolah secara mandiri, dan mampu menggunakan metoda
sesuai kaidah keilmuan.

KOMPETENSI DASAR DAN INDIKATOR PENCAPAIAN KOMPETENSI

Kompetensi Dasar Indikator

3.7 Menerapkan fungsi sosial, 3.7.1.Menentukan fungsi sosial, struktur teks,
struktur teks, dan unsur dan unsur kebahasaan teks interaksi
kebahasaan teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang
transaksional lisan dan tulis melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta
yang melibatkan tindakan informasi terkait hubungan sebab akibat,
memberi dan meminta sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya.
informasi terkait hubungan (Perhatikan unsur kebahasaan because
sebab akibat, sesuai dengan of ..., due to ..., thanks to ...)
konteks penggunaannya.
(Perhatikan unsur kebahasaan 3.7.2.Mengidentifikasi fungsi sosial, struktur
because of ..., due to ..., thanks teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks interaksi
to ...) transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan
tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi
 Kompetensi Dasar Indikator
terkait hubungan sebab akibat, sesuai
dengan konteks penggunaannya. (Perhatikan
unsur kebahasaan because of ..., due to ...,
thanks to ...)

3.7.3.Menerapkan fungsi sosial, struktur teks,

dan unsur kebahasaan teks interaksi
transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan
tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi
terkait hubungan sebab akibat, sesuai
dengan konteks penggunaannya. (Perhatikan
unsur kebahasaan because of ..., due to ...,
thanks to ...)

4.7 Menyusun teks interaksi 4.7.1. Menggunakan teks interaksi transaksional

transaksional lisan dan tulis lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan
yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait
memberi dan meminta hubungan sebab akibat, dengan
informasi terkait hubungan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur
sebab akibat, dengan teks, dan unsur kebahasaan yang benar
memperhatikan fungsi sosial, dan sesuai konteks
struktur teks, dan unsur
kebahasaan yang benar dan 4.7..2. Menyusun teks interaksi transaksional
sesuai konteks lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan
memberi dan meminta informasi terkait
hubungan sebab akibat, dengan
memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur
teks, dan unsur kebahasaan yang benar
dan sesuai konteks

TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN
Melalui pembelajaran berbasis text,tumbuh sikap kritis, kreatif, komunikatif, dan kolaboratif sehingga
peserta didik terampil menganalisis perbedaan fungsi sosial, struktur teks dan unsur kebahasaan, serta
mahir menjelaskan makna dan menyusun serta menampilkan dialog dalam bentuk hubungan sebab
akibat, sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya dan menumbuh kembangkan sikap mandiri dan
tanggung jawab dalam belajar serta diguakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.

MATERI PEMBELAJARAN
Teaching by Adraini,S.Pd
 A. FOCUS ON Cause and Effect

Cause and Effect is a common way to organize information in a text. It tells or explains reason
why something happened or the effects of something. (the paragraph can be ordered as causes and
effects or as effects and then causes). It is generally used in expository and persuasive writing models.
Cause and Effect is a relationship which or when one event (the cause) makes another event
happen (the effect).
There are three criteria of cause and effect:
1. The cause has to procede the effect in time. The cause has to occur before the effect.
2. There has to be an empirical relationship between the cause and effect. Whenever the cause
happens, the effect must also occur.
3. The relationship cannot be explained by other factors.

Cause:
1. Why something happened.
2. The reason or motivatefor an action
3. Happen first.
Example: I forgot my umbrella.

Effect:
1. What happened
2. Result or conclusion of an action
3. Happen due to a cause.
Example: I got wet

Language Features of Cause and Effect relationship.

Cause and Effect relationship uses the following signal words.

Causes Effect
- Because (of) - As a result
- Due to - Therefore
- Owing to - Consequently
- Since - Finally
- The reason for - Hence
- On account of - For this reason
- Bring about - Then
- Give rise to - So
- Created by - As a consequence of
- Contributed by - Thus

Owing to and due to are used interchangeably. If you can use caused by then you can also due to.

Teaching by Adraini,S.Pd
For example, the cancelation of the match was due to (caused by) the bad weather. If you can use
because of then you should use owing to rather tha due to.
For example: the match was cancelled owing to (because of) the bad weather.

In conclusion, pay attention to the following sentences!

1. Debby passed the exam because she is studied hard
2. Debby passed the exam as she had studied hard
3. Debby studied hard, and therefore she passed the exam
4. Since she had studied hard, she passed the exam
5. As a result of studying hard, she passed the exam
6. Debby studied hard so she passed the exam
7. Debby studied hard and consequently passed the exam

The structures of Cause and Effect.

Because of
Due to +Noun/Verb-ing (Gerund).
Owing to
Thanks to

Example:
1. Because of the hot weather, many peope are lazy to go out
2. Due to the flood, some schools asked their students to study at home
3. Owing the bad weather, the match was cancelled
4. The bridge fell down tanks to the workers’ incompetence.

Here are the structures of those signals.

Because
Since + Sentence.
So

Example:
1. Many visitors came to the park because it is clean and complete.
2. Since we exercise regularly, our body is healthy and strong
3. There are a lot of rubbish in the park, so the cleaning staff clean it.

Teaching by Adraini,S.Pd
 WORKSHEET

EXERCISE 1 Match the causes in column A with the suitable effects in column B.

No. A Answer No. B

1. Vera forgot to water the 1. She spends money to buy

flowers. cooking recipe books
2. Mr.Dewa’s motorcycle was 2. We gather in Thaya’s house
broken. to finish it
3. The students intend to help 3. The flowers were withered
the victims of an earthquake.
4. Alline is very fond of cooking 4. He won the speech contest

5. Aldo lost his cellular phone 5. They collect money and

donate it to the victims
6. The shop assistants are 6. I’d like to give her a nice gift
friendly and helpful
7. Mom is going to celebrate her 7. He will buy a new one
birthday
8. Ted will plant several trees in 8. He need a spade or hoe to
the garden dig holes
9. We have to do a group work 9. He asked a person to repair it
and submit it nextweek
10. Rendra performed the speech 10. Customers like buying goods
very well there

EXERCISE 2 Read the following dialog then answer the questions!

Jane : Hi, Ray! What are you doing?

Ray : Hi, Jane! I am reading an article on smoking.
Jane : Smoking! Why?
Ray : For presentation in my science class.
Jane : So what did you learn about smoking?
Ray : Did you know that smoking is one of the main causes of sickness in smokers? For example:
smoking weakness the lungs due to which there is a build up of poisonous substances,
smoking causes heart attacks, stroke and ulcers.
Jane : Really? It sounds scary.
Ray : It is. If we do not educate people about the effects of smoking, there will be a lot of people
suffering from these diseases.
Jane : You’re right. We have to do it.
Teaching by Adraini,S.Pd
1. What are Jane and Ray talking about?
_______________________________________________________________
2. What will Ray do during the science class?
_______________________________________________________________
3. What does Ray learn from the article about smoking?
_______________________________________________________________
4. Why should people be educated about the effects of smoking?
_______________________________________________________________
5. Jane says,”You are right. We have to do it.”
What does ‘it’ refer to?
_______________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 3 Read the following dialogs and pay attention to the words in bold then, answer
the questions.

Dialog 1.

Anneke: What news are you reading?

Yudi : A volcanic eruption. People living on its slope should be alert because this very active
volcano often erupts suddenly.
Anneke: You are right. They should be evacuated to safe places
Yudi : Yes. The government is busy doing evacuations.
Anneke: Did the people not receive a warning about the eruption before?
Yudi : They did, but they are ignored the warning.
Anneke: Why?
Yudi : They had to keep their belongings and animals. Therefore, they were not willing to evacuate.
Anneke: Anyway, there is a tourist resort on the slope of the mountain. It must be closed to.
Yudi : Definitely. People should stay at least 10 kilometers away from the top of the mountain.

1. What are they talking about?

_________________________________________________________________
2. Why should people be alert?
_________________________________________________________________
3. Why did the people not leave their residences right after the warning?
_________________________________________________________________
4. How far should people stay away from the top of the mountain?
_________________________________________________________________
5. Yudi says,”People living on the slope should be alert ....”
What is the similar meaning of the underlined word?
_________________________________________________________________

Teaching by Adraini,S.Pd
 EXERCISE 4 Read the following dialogs and pay attention to the words in bold then, answer
the questions.

Rakha: Sonia, have you visited the town expo?

Sonia : Not yet.
Rakha: It is the last day of the fair and there are usually big discounts. Aren’t you interested in
attending it?
Sonia : I am, but I can’t go there. My cousin will be arriving today. So, I have to fetch him from the
railway station.
Rakha: What time are you going to fetch him?
Sonia : According to the schedule, the train will arrive at four.
Rakha: Why don’t you ask him to join after arriving here? He can sightsee this town while visiting the
fair.
Sonia : Do you mean that we go to the fair with his luggage? Oh no. I can’t imagine it.
Rakha: Of course not. You return home first, then we go to the fair.
Sonia : O.K, but I will ask him first. I am not sure he will agree since he must be tired.

1. Why is Raka interested in visiting the expo?

_________________________________________________________________
2. How will Sonia’s cousin travel?
_________________________________________________________________
3. Why does Raka ask Sonia’s cousin to join him visiting the expo?
_________________________________________________________________
4. What is Sonia’s opinion about Raka’s idea?
_________________________________________________________________

5. Sonia says,”Oh no, I can’t imagine it”

What does the underlined word refer to?
_________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 5 Complete the following sentences with: Because of, Due to, or Thanks to!.

1. Her stomachache was __________ the spicy food.

2. __________ the storm, we have no electricity.
3. The accident was __________ the flat fire.
4. __________ feelin sick, our teacher didn’t go to school for a week.
5. The staff was sad __________ his company’s condition.
6. We postponed our vacation __________ the bad road.
7. The building needs to be renovated __________ the earthquake.
8. __________ the beautiful weather we had a splendid day.
9. My low grade was __________ the lack of study
10. The man’s yawning was __________ his overtime day shifts.
Teaching by Adraini,S.Pd
 EXERCISE 6
Complete the following text with the suitable words in the box.

a. Effects d. Contributors h. Respiratory

b. Increase e. Preservation i. Direct
c. Wild life f. Emit j. Contamination
g. Major

Pollution is (1) __________ that results in or can result in, adverse biological effects to
individuals or communities. Air pollution is recognized as one of the leading (2). __________ to the
global environmental burden of disease. Air pollution is one such form that refers to the
contamination of the air, irrespective of indoors or outside.
Sulfur dioxide emitted from the combustion of fossil fuels like coal, petroleum and other
factory combustibles is one the (3). __________ cause of air pollution. Pollution emitting rom
vehicles including trucks, jeeps, cars, trains, airplanes cause immense amount of pollution. Use of
insecticides, pesticides and fertilizers in agricultural activities has also caused air pollution. They (4).
__________ harmfull chemicals into the air and can also cause water pollution. Mining also can cause
air pollution. During the process dust and chemicals are released in the air causing massive air
pollution.
The (5). __________ of air pollution are alarming. They are known to create several (6).
__________ and heart conditions along with cancer, among other threats to the body. Just like
humans, animals also face some devastating affects of air pollution. Toxic chemicals present in the air
can force (7). __________ species to move to new place and change their habitat. Another (8).
__________ effect is due to global warming. With increased temperatures worldwide, (9).
__________ in sea levels and melting of ice from colder regions and icebergs, displacement and loss
of habitat have already signaled an impending disaster if actions for (10). __________ and
normalization aren’t undertaken soon.

Make a dialog by using Cause and Effect!

EXERCISE 7

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.

Teaching by Adraini,S.Pd
 GOOD LUCK

EVALUATION

Read the text and choose the correct.

Text 1.
Today, about half of the world’s population ives in urban areas. There are
over 400 cities with more than a million people. In developed countries, up to 70%
or more live in larger cities, whereas in poorer counries this rate is below 40%.
During the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century cities grew fast,
especially in Europe and North America, because new industries were created
there and people found many jobs. Later on cities grew more slowly because they
became overcrowded and disease could spread faster. Today death rates in cities
are low because they have better doctors and more hospitals.

1. What is the text tell about?

A. Why people lives in suburban areas. D. Why cities are crowded
B. Why people move to cities E. The faciities in cities.
C. The death rate in cities

2. What caused people live in cities?

A. There are many jobs D. Their hometowns are overcrowded
B. There are many doctors E. The urban ares are in poor condition.
C. Their areas grow slowly

3. From the text, we know that many people moved to cities, so ...
A. There was no jobs
B. The cities became poor
C. The death rate was high
D. The cities became overcrowded
E. There were not many residents in the suburban areas.

Text 2.
The health authorities in the Democratic Republic of Congo say 55 people
are feared to have died from Ebola-the government has confirmed that 28 of those
deaths were definitel from the virus.
Vaccines and experimental drugs are being used to help limit the spread,
but the authorities expect the number of cases to increase
Two treatment centres in North Kivu Province are nearly at capacity and a
new centre is about to be built in neighbouring Ituri Province.
Health workers are trying to monitor more than 1,500 who have been in
contact with Ebola patients, but the task is challenging due to outbreaks of violence
in the Eastern region, where many lebel groups operate.

Teaching by Adraini,S.Pd
 4. What is the text tells about?
A. Many people in Congo are afraid to die
B. The health authorities of Congo found Ebola virus
C. Vaccines and experimental drugs are held to heal the smallpox
D. The death rate because of Ebola virus in the Democratic Republic of Congo rises.
E. Health workers are added to solve the matters in Democratic Republic of Congo

5. Why does monitoring people who in contact with Ebola is challenging?

A. Because the medical equipments are inadequate
B. Because the number of the patients is the highest
C. Because the treatments of the disease are difficult
D. Because there is no vaccines or drugs to cure this disease
E. Because there are outbreaks of violence in Eastern region

6. “Two treatment centres in North Kivu Province are nearly at capacity ....”
The underlined word has similar in meaning to ....
A. Close C. Almost E. Scarce
B. Firmly D. Strictly

Text 3.
The Javan tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica) is a subspecies of tiger that lived
uniquely on the island of Jave, in Indonesia. It became extinct at the beginning of
the 1980s, mainly due to deforestation, hunting and the loss of its prey.
At the beginning of the 20th century, as the human population on Java
increased, so did related human activity and agricultural land use. Hunted and
killed by local populations, the Javan tiger also suffered the destruction of its
habitat through the expansion of ricefields, teak forest and coffee and hevea
plantations. These crops invaded the Indonesian island and replaced natural
spaces, forcing all fauna to survive in ever-shrinking areas, poor in biodeversity.
The scarcity of its two favourite prey: Javan rusa deer (Rusa timorensis)
and wild boar (Sus scrofa), and modification of its habitat forced the tiger to look
for new sources of nutrition. Monkeys becoe the feline’s main prey. Sadly, in order
to feed, it entered into competition with another big cat, much more adapted to
primate-hunting (Panthera pardus meals). Thus, the last know specimen of Javan
tiger was seen in 1976. In the absence of its natural habitat and available prey, the
subspecies disappeared.

7. What is the topic of the text?

A. What made the Javan tiger leave
B. Why the local people hunted tigers
C. Why the Javan tiger became extint
D. The increase the Javan tiger population
E. The absence of natural habitat for the Javan tiger
Teaching by Adraini,S.Pd
 8. What mainly caused the Javan tiger disappeared?
A. Hunting deforestation, and the loss of its prey
B. Deforestation, the loss of its prey and the ilness
C. Number of habitat, the climate and deforestation
D. The loss of its prey, habitat and particular viruses
E. The change of climate, the loss of its prey and the local people.

9. “Thus, the last know specimen of Javan tiger was seen in 1976.”(prg 3).
The underlined word has closest in meaning to ....
A. As C. Due to E. Therefore
B. For D. Because

10. “The girl was caught by the police because of stealing.”

What is the effect?
A. Caught by the police C. The police E. Stealing.
B. Because of D. The girl

Good Luck.

Teaching by Adraini,S.Pd