Chapter 8

Receivables

Task Force Image Gallery clip art included in this

electronic presentation is used with the permission of
NVTech Inc.
Classification of Receivables
 Accounts Receivable—Piutang Usaha: timbul
karena penjualan barang atau jasa secara
kredit, biasanya umurnya jangka pendek
 Notes Receivable—Wesel Tagih,didasarkan
pada suatu surat promes dari debitur.
 Other Receivables— contoh: interest
receivable, taxes receivable, and receivables
from officers and employees.
 Separating the Receivable Functions

Credit
Credit Info.
Approval

Collections
Goods
or Acctg.
services Invoice Info

Sales Acctg.
Info.
Accounting
 Seringkali suatu
perusahaan menjual
piutangnya kepada pihak
lain. Tansaksi ini disebut
factoring of Receivable
 ACCOUNT RECEIVABLE
• Saat timbul
• Saat Pelunasan
• Saat tak tertagih
 Saat timbul
• Penjualan kredit/Sales
• meminjamkan uang tunai/Cash

Jurnal
• Account Receivable
Cash/Sale
 Piutang Tak Tertagih/
Uncollectible Account/
Bad-Debt Account /
Doubtfull Account/
 Uncollectible Account
Piutang tak tertagih

Metode Penghapusan Piutang tak tertagih

1.Metode Cadangan ( Allowance Method)

2.Metode Langsung ( Direct Write-off)
 The Allowance Method
Metode Cadangan

 Metode ini sesuai dengan matching principle.

 Setiap akhir periode akan dibentuk suatu cadangan
atas piutang yang kemungkinan tidak tertagih
berdasarkan Estimasi.
 Jurnal yang akan dibuat untuk mencatat pembentukan
cadangan :
Uncollectible Accounts Expense
Allowance for Uncllectible Accounts
 Pada saat benar-benar terdapat piutang yang tak
tertagih maka akan di jurnal:
Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts
Accounts Receivable.
 The Allowance Method

31 Des, dari saldo Piutang $ 105,000

diestimasikan terdapat piutang yang
kemungkinan tak tertagih sebesar $4,000

Adjusting Entry
Dec. 31 Uncollectible Accounts Expense 4 000 00
Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts 4 000 00
 The Allowance Method

umlah piutang yang mungkin bisa

agih $101,000 ($105,000 – $4,000),
sebut net realizable value (NRV).

The adjusting entry

reduces receivables to
the NRV and matches
uncollectible expenses
with revenues.
 Receivables
on the
Balance Sheet
 Crabtree Co. Balance Sheet
December 31, 2006

Assets
Current assets:
Cash $119,500
Notes receivable 250,000
Accounts receivable $445,000
Less : allowance for
Uncollectible accounts 15,000 430,000
Interest receivable 14,500
Merchandise inventory 714,000

Highlighted items are receivables

The Allowance Method
Jurnal
Penyesuaian
dibuat untuk
membentuk
cadangan
Allowance
for
Doubtful
Accounts
The Allowance Method

Pada saat piutang

benar-benar
dihapus maka
akan mengurangi
cadangan
 The Allowance Method

Jan. 21 Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts 610 00

Accounts Receivable—John Parker 610 00
To write off the uncollectible
account.

On January 21, diketahui

terdapat piutang yang benar2
tidak tertagih sebesar $610
 The Allowance Method

Jun. 10 Accounts Receivable—John Parker 610 00

Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts 610 00
To reinstate the account
written off on Jan. 21.

Apabila piutang yang

sebelumnya
On sudah
June 10, the dihapus
written-off
ternyata
account dapat ditagih
is collected.
kembali
 The Allowance Method

Jun. 10 Cash 610 00

Accounts Receivable—John Parker 610 00
To record collection on
account.

Saat cash diterima dari

pelunasan piutang
 The Allowance Method
Menghitung Estimasi Beban Piutang Tak
Tertagih
Dalam menghitung besarnya estimasi atas piutang
tak tertagih bisa dihitung dengan 2 dasar yaitu:

1. Berdasarkan penjualan (percentage of sales).

Penjualan yang dimaksud adalah penjualan
kredit. Contoh Credit sales th berjalan
$300,000 dan estimasi piutang tak tertagih
ditetapkan 1%. Maka jumlah Uncollectible
Accounts Expense = $3,000.
 The Allowance Method

Adjusting Entry
Dec. 31 Uncollectible Accounts Expense 3 000 00
Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts 3 000 00

Based on a Percentage of Sales

 Percentage of Credit Sales
The ABC company, Credit Sales selama
tahun berjalan $100,000. saldo A/R
$30,500. Saldo allowance for doubtful
accounts $350 (Cr.). Diestimasikan 3%
dari Credit Sales tidak tertagih

Jurnal Penyesuaian yang harus dibuat?

 Percentage of Credit Sales

The ABC company, Credit Sales selama

tahun berjalan $100,000. saldo A/R
$30,500. Saldo allowance for doubtful
accounts $350 (Cr.). Diestimasikan 3%
dari Credit Sales tidak tertagih

Bad Debt Expense…………………… 3,000

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts .. 3,000
To record estimated uncollectible
accounts for the year.
Percentage of Credit Sales

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Balance 350
Adjusting 3,000
Dec. 31, Bal. 3,350
2. Berdasarkan Analisa Saldo Piutang
Besarnya cadangan piutang tat tertagih dihitung
erdasarkan saldo piutang. Maka hasil
perhitungan harus memperhatikan saldo
Cadangan sebelumnya.
Contoh: Saldo piutang $ 100,000. Cadangan
Piutang tak tertagih awal $ 200. apabila
ditetapkan besarnya cadangan th ini adl 1%,
maka Beban piutang taktertagih yang harus
dicatat sebesar $ 800 ((1%x100,000)-200)
 The Allowance Method

Adjusting Entry
Dec. 31 Uncollectible Accounts Expense 800 00
Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts 800 00

Based on an Analysis of Receivables

 Percentage of Accounts
Receivable
The ABC company, Credit Sales selama
tahun berjalan $100,000. saldo A/R
$30,500. Saldo allowance for doubtful
accounts $350 (Cr.). Diestimasikan 5%
dari Saldo A/R tidak tertagih

Bad Debt Expense…………………….. 1,175

What is the for
Allowance entry to record
Doubtful estimated bad debts?
Accounts…. 1,175
To record estimated uncollectible
accounts for the year. ($30,500 x .05) - $350
Percentage of Accounts
Receivable
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Balance 350
Adjusting 1,175
Dec. 31, Bal. 1,525
 Percentage of Accounts
Receivable
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Apa pengaruhnya kalo
Balance 350
saldo Adjusting
Allowance adalah 1,875
DebitDec. 31, Bal.
$350? 1,525
 AGING SKEDULE

Not Days Past Due

Past over
Customer Balance Due 1-30 31-60 61-90 91-180 181-365 365
Ashby & Co. $ 150 $ 150
B. T. Barr 610 $ 350 $260
Brock Co. 470 $ 470

Saxon Woods 160 160

Total $86,300 $75,000 $4,000 $3,100 $1,900 $1,200 $800 $300

Total accounts receivable

shown by age.
 Daftar Umur Piutang dan % Estimasi piutang tak
tertagih
Not Days Past Due
Past over
Customer Balance Due 1-30 31-60 61-90 91-180 181-365 365
Ashby & Co. $ 150 $ 150
B. T. Barr 610 $ 350 $260
Brock Co. 470 $ 470

Saxon Woods 160 160

Total $86,300 $75,000 $4,000 $3,100 $1,900 $1,200 $800 $300

Uncollectibles
PERCENT 2% 5% 10% 20% 30% 50% 80%

% ditentukan berdasarkan
pengalaman tahun2 sebelumnya
 Accounts Receivable Aging and Uncollectibles

Not Days Past Due

Past over
Customer Balance Due 1-30 31-60 61-90 91-180 181-365 365
Ashby & Co. $ 150 $ 150
B. T. Barr 610 $ 350 $260
Brock Co. 470 $ 470

Saxon Woods 160 160

Total $86,300 $75,000 $4,000 $3,100 $1,900 $1,200 $800 $300

Uncollectibles
PERCENT 2% 5% 10% 20% 30% 50% 80%

AMOUNT $3,390 = $1,500 $200 $310 $380 $360 $400 $240

 Year-End Adjustment for Uncollectibles
General Ledger Balance Sheet
Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable $86,300
A 86,300 Less allowance for
doubtful accounts 3,390
Allowance for Doubtful Accts.
Net realizable value $82,910
510 A
2,880 B
A Balances before adjustment
3,390 C

B Year-end adjustment:
Uncollectible Accts. Expense
B 2,880 $3,390 – $510 = $2,880

C Balance after adjustment

 The Direct Write-Off Method
Metode Penghapusan langsung

 Metode ini dianggap tidak sesuai dengan

matching principle
 Piutang akan di hapuskan pada saat
benar-benar tidak tertagih
 Jurnal:
Uncollectible Accounts Expense xx
Accounts Receivable xx
 The Direct Write-Off Method
May 10 Uncollectible Accounts Expense 420 00
Accounts Receivable—D. L. Ross 420 00
To write off an uncollectible
account.

On May 10, Diketahui Piutang Kepada

Ny. A sebesar $420, terbukti tidak
dapat ditagih
 The Direct Write-Off Method
Nov. 1 Accounts Receivable—D. L. Ross 420 00
Uncollectible Accounts Expense 420 00
To reinstate account written
off on May 10.

1st Entry

Seandainya piutang yang sudah dihapus

ternyata dapat ditagih kembali
 The Direct Write-Off Method

Nov. 1 Cash 420 00

Accounts Receivable—D. L. Ross 420 00
To record collection on
account.

2nd Entry
Mencatat penerimaan kas atas
pelunasan piutang
 Notes Receivable

2,500.00
$_____________ Payee
Fresno, California______________20___
March 16 06
Ninety days
________________ _AFTER DATE _______
We PROMISE TO PAY TO
Judson Company
THE ORDER OF ____________________________________________
Two thousand five hundred 00/100---------------------------
_________________________________________________DOLLARS
City National Bank
PAYABLE AT ______________________________________________
Maker
VALUE RECEIVED WITH INTEREST AT 10%____
14
NO. _______ June 14, 2006
DUE___________________
H. B. Lane
TREASURER, WILLIARD COMPANY
 Notes Receivable
Surat sanggup membayar yang berisi
informasi mengenai:
 Nilai nominal (principal/Face Ammount)
 Tanggal notes
 Nama Penerima Notes (payee) dan TTd
Pembuat Notes (Maker)
 Tempat Pembayaran
 Tgl Jatuh tempo/umur notes
 Tingkat Bunga/th, jika ada
 Notes Receivable
• Dicatat sebesar Nilai Nominal
• Dua jenis Notes Rec:
– Interest-bearing: berbunga
– Non-interest-bearing: tidak berbunga
Notes Receivable
Notes
Tanggaltgl 16 maret
suatu hutang jatuh
harus
tempo disebut
dilunasi 90 hari.tanggal
Kapan―Jatuh
Tgl
Tempo‖ (Due Date)
Jatuh temponya?
 Notes Receivable
Total days in note 90 days
Number of days in March 31
Issue date of note March 16
Remaining days in March –15 days
75 days
Number of days in April –30 days
45 days
Number of days in May –31 days
Residual days in June 14 days

Jawab: June 14
Notes Receivable
Jumlah yang harus
dibayarkan/diterima pada tgl
jatuh tempo disebut
maturity value.
 Notes Receivable
Maturity value untuk :
*Interest Bearing = Nominal + Bunga
*Non Interest Bearing = Nominal
 Notes Receivable
Jurnal yang diperlukan

 Saat Timbulnya Notes

 Saat Jatuh Tempo
 Penyesuaian atas Bunga terhutang
 Pendiskontoan Notes
 Saat Jatuh tempo atas Notes yg
didiskontokan
 Notes Receivable

21 Nov 2006 Diterima Notes dari Wan

Abu $6,000, 12%, 30-day atas
penjualan barang dagangan
 Accounting for Notes Receivable
Nov. 21 Notes Receivable 6 000 00
Sales 6 000 00
Received 30-day, 12% note
dated November 21, 2006.

21 Nov 2006 Diterima Notes dari Wan

Abu $6,000, 12%, 30-day atas
penjualan barang dagangan
 Accounting for Notes Receivable
Dec. 21 Cash 6 060 00
Notes Receivable 6 000 00
Interest Revenue 60 00
Received principal and interest
on matured note.

21 Dec, saat jatuh tempo maka

perusahaan akan menerima pelunasan
sebesar $6,060 ($6,000 plus $60 interest).
 Notes Receivable

Interest Calculation
Nominal x Tingkat Bunga x umur = Interest
$6,000 x 12% x 30/360 = $60.00

Nilai Jatuh tempo

Nominal + Interest = Maturity Value
$6,000 + $60.00 = $6,060.00
 Dishonor of Notes Receivable
Dec. 21 Accounts Receivable—Bunn Co. 6 060 00
Notes Receivable 6 000 00
Interest Revenue 60 00
To record dishonored note and
interest.

Apabila pada Tgl Jatuhtempo debitur tidak bisa

melunasi maka wesel tsb dinamakan dishonored
note receivable.
 Accounting for Notes Receivable
Dec. 1 Notes Receivable 4 000 00
Accounts Receivable—Crawford
Company 4 000 00
Received note in settlement of
account.

Diterima wesel tgl 1 Desember 2006 atas

pelunasan piutang dari Tn. X, $4000, 90-day,
12%
 Accounting for Notes Receivable
Dec. 31 Interest Receivable 40 00
Interest Revenue 40 00
Adjusting entry for accrued
interest.

Pada akhir periode perlu dibuat

penyesuaian atas bunga
 Accounting for Notes Receivable
Mar. 1 Cash 4 120 00
Notes Receivable 4 000 00
Interest Receivable $4,000 x 40 00
Interest Revenue 0.12 x 80 00
Received payment on note and 60/360
interest.

On March 1, 2004, $4,120 is received for

the note ($4,000) and interest ($120).
 Discounting Notes Receivable

• Discount Rate: tarif diskon atas penjualan

N/R
• Discount Period: periode antara tgl
penjualan – tgl jatuh tempo
Formulas for Discounting Notes

Face Ammount = xxxx

Interest = FA x % = xx +
Maturity Value = xxxx
Discount= % Disc x MV x disc period = xx -
Proceed = xxx
 Example: Discounting
The original note is a 3-month, $1,000 note at
14% interest. What is the journal entry if the
note was discounted after one month at 16%?
Interest = $1,000 x .14 x 3/12 = $ 35.00
Maturity value = $1,000 + $35 = $1,035.00
Discount = $1,035 x .16 x 2/12 = $ 27.60
Proceeds = $1,035 - $27.60 = $1,007.40
Cash……………………………. 1,007.40
Interest Revenue……………... 7.40
Note Receivable……………... 1,000.00
 Jurnal
Cash……………………………. 1,007.40
Interest Revenue……………... 7.40
Note Receivable……………... 1,000.00
 Apabila Saat jatuh tempo tidak
tertagih
Account Receivable ……………. 1,035.00
Cash…………….............................................1,035.00
 Financial
Analysis and
Interpretation
Accounts Receivable Turnover
Net sales
Average accounts receivable
 Accounts Receivable Turnover
2006 2005
Net sales on account $36,000,000 $32,500,000
Accounts receivable (net):
Beginning of year $ 1,080,000 $1,050,000
End of year 1,220,000 1,080,000
Total $2,300,000 $2,130,000
Average $1,150,000 $1,115,000

Accounts receivable turnover 31.3 times 29.1 times

Use: To assess the efficiency
in collecting receivables $36,000,000 $32,500,000
and in the management $1,150,000 $1,115,000
of credit.
 Number of Days’ Sales in Receivables

Accounts receivable, end of year

Average daily sales

Accounts receivable,
$1,220,000end of year
=12.4 days
Average daily sales
($36,000,000 on account
÷ 365 days)

Use: To assess the efficiency in collecting

receivables and in the management of credit.
Chapter 8

The End