Chapter 8

Receivables
Accounting, 21
st
Edition
Warren Reeve Fess
PowerPoint Presentation by Douglas Cloud
Professor Emeritus of Accounting
Pepperdine University
Copyright 2004 South-Western, a division
of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.
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Classification of Receivables
Accounts ReceivablePiutang Usaha: timbul
karena penjualan barang atau jasa secara
kredit, biasanya umurnya jangka pendek
Notes ReceivableWesel Tagih,didasarkan
pada suatu surat promes dari debitur.
Other Receivables contoh: interest
receivable, taxes receivable, and receivables
from officers and employees.
Acctg.
Info
Collections
Invoice
Acctg.
Info.
Accounting
Goods
or
services
Sales
Separating the Receivable Functions
Credit
Info.
Credit
Approval
Seringkali suatu
perusahaan menjual
piutangnya kepada pihak
lain. Tansaksi ini disebut
factoring of Receivable
ACCOUNT RECEIVABLE
Saat timbul
Saat Pelunasan
Saat tak tertagih
Saat timbul
Penjualan kredit/Sales
meminjamkan uang tunai/Cash

Jurnal
Account Receivable
Cash/Sale


Piutang Tak Tertagih/
Uncollectible Account/
Bad-Debt Account /
Doubtfull Account/
Uncollectible Account
Piutang tak tertagih
Metode Penghapusan Piutang tak tertagih
1.Metode Cadangan ( Allowance Method)
2.Metode Langsung ( Direct Write-off)
Metode ini sesuai dengan matching principle.
Setiap akhir periode akan dibentuk suatu cadangan
atas piutang yang kemungkinan tidak tertagih
berdasarkan Estimasi.
Jurnal yang akan dibuat untuk mencatat pembentukan
cadangan :
Uncollectible Accounts Expense
Allowance for Uncllectible Accounts
Pada saat benar-benar terdapat piutang yang tak
tertagih maka akan di jurnal:
Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts
Accounts Receivable.
The Allowance Method
Metode Cadangan
The Allowance Method
Dec. 31 Uncollectible Accounts Expense 4 000 00
Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts 4 000 00
31 Des, dari saldo Piutang $ 105,000
diestimasikan terdapat piutang yang
kemungkinan tak tertagih sebesar $4,000
Adjusting Entry
Jumlah piutang yang mungkin bisa
tertagih $101,000 ($105,000 $4,000),
disebut net realizable value (NRV).
The Allowance Method
The adjusting entry
reduces receivables to
the NRV and matches
uncollectible expenses
with revenues.
Receivables
on the
Balance Sheet
Assets
Current assets:
Cash $119,500
Notes receivable 250,000
Accounts receivable $445,000
Less : allowance for
Uncollectible accounts 15,000 430,000
Interest receivable 14,500
Merchandise inventory 714,000
Crabtree Co. Balance Sheet
December 31, 2006
Highlighted items are receivables
Jurnal
Penyesuaian
dibuat untuk
membentuk
cadangan
Allowance
for
Doubtful
Accounts
The Allowance Method
Pada saat piutang
benar-benar
dihapus maka
akan mengurangi
cadangan
The Allowance Method
On January 21, diketahui
terdapat piutang yang benar2
tidak tertagih sebesar $610
Jan. 21 Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts 610 00
Accounts ReceivableJohn Parker 610 00
To write off the uncollectible
account.
The Allowance Method
On June 10, the written-off
account is collected.
Jun. 10 Accounts ReceivableJohn Parker 610 00
To reinstate the account
written off on Jan. 21.
Apabila piutang yang
sebelumnya sudah dihapus
ternyata dapat ditagih
kembali
Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts 610 00
The Allowance Method
Saat cash diterima dari
pelunasan piutang
Jun. 10 Cash 610 00
Accounts ReceivableJohn Parker 610 00
To record collection on
account.
The Allowance Method
Menghitung Estimasi Beban Piutang Tak
Tertagih
1. Berdasarkan penjualan (percentage of sales).
Penjualan yang dimaksud adalah penjualan
kredit. Contoh Credit sales th berjalan
$300,000 dan estimasi piutang tak tertagih
ditetapkan 1%. Maka jumlah Uncollectible
Accounts Expense = $3,000.
Dalam menghitung besarnya estimasi atas piutang
tak tertagih bisa dihitung dengan 2 dasar yaitu:
The Allowance Method
Dec. 31 Uncollectible Accounts Expense 3 000 00
Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts 3 000 00
Adjusting Entry
Based on a Percentage of Sales
The Allowance Method
The ABC company, Credit Sales selama
tahun berjalan $100,000. saldo A/R
$30,500. Saldo allowance for doubtful
accounts $350 (Cr.). Diestimasikan 3%
dari Credit Sales tidak tertagih
Percentage of Credit Sales
Jurnal Penyesuaian yang harus dibuat?
Percentage of Credit Sales
Bad Debt Expense 3,000
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts .. 3,000
To record estimated uncollectible
accounts for the year.
The ABC company, Credit Sales selama
tahun berjalan $100,000. saldo A/R
$30,500. Saldo allowance for doubtful
accounts $350 (Cr.). Diestimasikan 3%
dari Credit Sales tidak tertagih
Percentage of Credit Sales
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Balance 350
Adjusting 3,000
Dec. 31, Bal. 3,350
2. Berdasarkan Analisa Saldo Piutang
Besarnya cadangan piutang tat tertagih dihitung
erdasarkan saldo piutang. Maka hasil
perhitungan harus memperhatikan saldo
Cadangan sebelumnya.
Contoh: Saldo piutang $ 100,000. Cadangan
Piutang tak tertagih awal $ 200. apabila
ditetapkan besarnya cadangan th ini adl 1%,
maka Beban piutang taktertagih yang harus
dicatat sebesar $ 800 ((1%x100,000)-200)
Dec. 31 Uncollectible Accounts Expense 800 00
Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts 800 00
Adjusting Entry
Based on an Analysis of Receivables
The Allowance Method
Percentage of Accounts
Receivable
Bad Debt Expense.. 1,175
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. 1,175
To record estimated uncollectible
accounts for the year.
What is the entry to record estimated bad debts?
($30,500 x .05) - $350
The ABC company, Credit Sales selama
tahun berjalan $100,000. saldo A/R
$30,500. Saldo allowance for doubtful
accounts $350 (Cr.). Diestimasikan 5%
dari Saldo A/R tidak tertagih
Percentage of Accounts
Receivable
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Balance 350
Adjusting 1,175
Dec. 31, Bal. 1,525
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Adjusting 1,875
Dec. 31, Bal. 1,525
Balance 350
Apa pengaruhnya
kalo saldo Allowance
adalah Debit $350?
Percentage of Accounts
Receivable
AGING SKEDULE
Not Days Past Due
Past over
Customer Balance Due 1-30 31-60 61-90 91-180 181-365 365
Ashby & Co. $ 150 $ 150
B. T. Barr 610 $ 350 $260
Brock Co. 470 $ 470


Saxon Woods 160 160
Total $86,300 $75,000 $4,000 $3,100 $1,900 $1,200 $800 $300
Total accounts receivable
shown by age.
2% 5% 10% 20% 30% 50% 80%
Uncollectibles
PERCENT
% ditentukan berdasarkan
pengalaman tahun2 sebelumnya
Daftar Umur Piutang dan % Estimasi piutang tak
tertagih
Not Days Past Due
Past over
Customer Balance Due 1-30 31-60 61-90 91-180 181-365 365
Ashby & Co. $ 150 $ 150
B. T. Barr 610 $ 350 $260
Brock Co. 470 $ 470


Saxon Woods 160 160
Total $86,300 $75,000 $4,000 $3,100 $1,900 $1,200 $800 $300
2% 5% 10% 20% 30% 50% 80%
Uncollectibles
PERCENT
AMOUNT
$3,390 = $1,500 $200 $310 $380 $360 $400 $240
Accounts Receivable Aging and Uncollectibles
Not Days Past Due
Past over
Customer Balance Due 1-30 31-60 61-90 91-180 181-365 365
Ashby & Co. $ 150 $ 150
B. T. Barr 610 $ 350 $260
Brock Co. 470 $ 470


Saxon Woods 160 160
Total $86,300 $75,000 $4,000 $3,100 $1,900 $1,200 $800 $300
Year-End Adjustment for Uncollectibles
General Ledger
Accounts Receivable
86,300
A
Allowance for Doubtful Accts.
510
Uncollectible Accts. Expense
Accounts receivable $86,300
Less allowance for
doubtful accounts 3,390
Net realizable value $82,910
Balance Sheet
A
Balances before adjustment
A
Year-end adjustment:
$3,390 $510 = $2,880
B
2,880
B
2,880
B
Balance after adjustment C
3,390 C
Metode ini dianggap tidak sesuai dengan
matching principle
Piutang akan di hapuskan pada saat
benar-benar tidak tertagih
Jurnal:
Uncollectible Accounts Expense xx
Accounts Receivable xx
The Direct Write-Off Method
Metode Penghapusan langsung
The Direct Write-Off Method
On May 10, Diketahui Piutang Kepada
Ny. A sebesar $420, terbukti tidak
dapat ditagih
May 10 Uncollectible Accounts Expense 420 00
Accounts ReceivableD. L. Ross 420 00
To write off an uncollectible
account.
Seandainya piutang yang sudah dihapus
ternyata dapat ditagih kembali
Nov. 1 Accounts ReceivableD. L. Ross 420 00
Uncollectible Accounts Expense 420 00
To reinstate account written
off on May 10.
The Direct Write-Off Method
1
st
Entry
Mencatat penerimaan kas atas
pelunasan piutang
Nov. 1 Cash 420 00
Accounts ReceivableD. L. Ross 420 00
To record collection on
account.
The Direct Write-Off Method
2
nd
Entry
Notes Receivable
$_____________
Fresno, California______________20___ March 16 06
________________ _AFTER DATE _______ PROMISE TO PAY TO Ninety days
We
THE ORDER OF ____________________________________________ Judson Company
_________________________________________________DOLLARS
Two thousand five hundred 00/100---------------------------
PAYABLE AT ______________________________________________
City National Bank
VALUE RECEIVED WITH INTEREST AT ____ 10%
2,500.00
NO. _______ DUE___________________ 14 June 14, 2006
TREASURER, WILLIARD COMPANY
H. B. Lane
Payee
Maker
Nilai nominal (principal/Face Ammount)
Tanggal notes
Nama Penerima Notes (payee) dan TTd
Pembuat Notes (Maker)
Tempat Pembayaran
Tgl Jatuh tempo/umur notes
Tingkat Bunga/th, jika ada
Surat sanggup membayar yang berisi
informasi mengenai:
Notes Receivable
Notes Receivable
Dicatat sebesar Nilai Nominal
Dua jenis Notes Rec:
Interest-bearing: berbunga
Non-interest-bearing: tidak berbunga
Tanggal suatu hutang harus
dilunasi disebut tanggal Jatuh
Tempo (Due Date)
Notes tgl 16 maret jatuh
tempo 90 hari. Kapan Tgl
Jatuh temponya?
Notes Receivable
Total days in note 90 days
Number of days in March 31
Issue date of note March 16
Remaining days in March 15 days
75 days
Number of days in April 30 days
45 days
Number of days in May 31 days
Residual days in June 14 days
Jawab: June 14
Notes Receivable
Notes Receivable
Jumlah yang harus
dibayarkan/diterima pada tgl
jatuh tempo disebut
maturity value.
Notes Receivable
Maturity value untuk :
*Interest Bearing = Nominal + Bunga
*Non Interest Bearing = Nominal
Saat Timbulnya Notes
Saat Jatuh Tempo
Penyesuaian atas Bunga terhutang
Pendiskontoan Notes
Saat Jatuh tempo atas Notes yg
didiskontokan
Jurnal yang diperlukan
Notes Receivable
21 Nov 2006 Diterima Notes dari Wan
Abu $6,000, 12%, 30-day atas
penjualan barang dagangan
Notes Receivable
Accounting for Notes Receivable
Nov. 21 Notes Receivable 6 000 00
Sales 6 000 00
Received 30-day, 12% note
dated November 21, 2006.
21 Nov 2006 Diterima Notes dari Wan
Abu $6,000, 12%, 30-day atas
penjualan barang dagangan
21 Dec, saat jatuh tempo maka
perusahaan akan menerima pelunasan
sebesar $6,060 ($6,000 plus $60 interest).
Dec. 21 Cash 6 060 00
Notes Receivable 6 000 00
Received principal and interest
on matured note.
Interest Revenue 60 00
Accounting for Notes Receivable
Nominal + Interest = Maturity Value
$6,000 + $60.00 = $6,060.00
Nominal x Tingkat Bunga x umur = Interest
$6,000 x 12% x 30/360 = $60.00
Interest Calculation
Nilai Jatuh tempo
Notes Receivable
Apabila pada Tgl Jatuhtempo debitur tidak bisa
melunasi maka wesel tsb dinamakan dishonored
note receivable.
Dec. 21 Accounts ReceivableBunn Co. 6 060 00
Notes Receivable 6 000 00
To record dishonored note and
interest.
Interest Revenue 60 00
Dishonor of Notes Receivable
Diterima wesel tgl 1 Desember 2006 atas
pelunasan piutang dari Tn. X, $4000, 90-day,
12%
Dec. 1 Notes Receivable 4 000 00
Accounts ReceivableCrawford
Company 4 000 00
Received note in settlement of
account.
Accounting for Notes Receivable
Pada akhir periode perlu dibuat
penyesuaian atas bunga
Dec. 31 Interest Receivable 40 00
Interest Revenue 40 00
Adjusting entry for accrued
interest.
Accounting for Notes Receivable
On March 1, 2004, $4,120 is received for
the note ($4,000) and interest ($120).
Mar. 1 Cash 4 120 00
Notes Receivable 4 000 00
Interest Receivable 40 00
Interest Revenue 80 00
Received payment on note and
interest.
$4,000 x
0.12 x
60/360
Accounting for Notes Receivable
Discount Rate: tarif diskon atas penjualan
N/R
Discount Period: periode antara tgl
penjualan tgl jatuh tempo
Discounting Notes Receivable
Formulas for Discounting
Notes
Face Ammount = xxxx
Interest = FA x % = xx +
Maturity Value = xxxx
Discount= % Disc x MV x disc period = xx -
Proceed = xxx
Example: Discounting
The original note is a 3-month, $1,000 note at
14% interest. What is the journal entry if the
note was discounted after one month at 16%?
Interest = $1,000 x .14 x 3/12 = $ 35.00
Maturity value = $1,000 + $35 = $1,035.00
Discount = $1,035 x .16 x 2/12 = $ 27.60
Proceeds = $1,035 - $27.60 = $1,007.40

Cash. 1,007.40
Interest Revenue... 7.40
Note Receivable... 1,000.00
Jurnal
Cash. 1,007.40
Interest Revenue... 7.40
Note Receivable... 1,000.00
Apabila Saat jatuh tempo tidak
tertagih
Account Receivable . 1,035.00
Cash.............................................1,035.00

Financial
Analysis and
Interpretation
Accounts Receivable Turnover
Net sales
Average accounts receivable
Accounts Receivable Turnover
2006 2005
Net sales on account $36,000,000 $32,500,000
Accounts receivable (net):
Beginning of year $ 1,080,000 $1,050,000
End of year 1,220,000 1,080,000
Total $2,300,000 $2,130,000
Average $1,150,000 $1,115,000

Accounts receivable turnover 31.3 times 29.1 times
$36,000,000
$1,150,000
$32,500,000
$1,115,000
Use: To assess the efficiency
in collecting receivables
and in the management
of credit.
Number of Days Sales in Receivables
Accounts receivable, end of year
Average daily sales on account
$1,220,000
($36,000,000 365 days)
=12.4 days
Use: To assess the efficiency in collecting
receivables and in the management of credit.
Accounts receivable, end of year
Average daily sales
The End
Chapter 8